Geography: New York City

An advertising blotter for Goldstein Bros., dye manufacturers, located at 137 West 27th Street, New York, New York. The blotter features a drawing of a woman in a fur coat on the telephone and the tagline, "The man is wise who uses Goldstein's Dyes." Telephone number 2349 Watkins is also listed. Circa 1890s.

An advertising trade card for A. Goodman & Son, featuring their trademark and advertising matzoths. The card displays the address 634.640 East 17th Street, New York City. Likely published circa 1900.

Advertisement for Lubow Bros., offering suits, topcoats, and overcoats at a single price of $12.75. The advertisement lists numerous local stores in six states and indicates a factory at 26 Washington Place, NYC. It is stamped "818 Liberty Ave. Pittsburgh". Undated.

A calendar advertising M. Sheer Delicatessen, located at 990 Sutter Street in Brooklyn, New York. The calendar features an illustration of an owl perched on a calendar. Undated, but likely from the early 20th century (circa 1915).

A canvas fishing tackle pouch advertising L. Levy, a sporting goods retailer located at 4 Barclay Street (under the Astor House) and a branch store at 2 Vesey Street in New York, New York. The pouch features the company name, establishment date (Est. 1842), and an image of a fish. Circa 1890s.

This is a 1906 catalogue from A. Roseman, a wholesale dealer in American watches, diamonds, and jewelry, located in New York City. The catalogue features illustrations and prices for a variety of items. The business was located at 9, 11, and Maiden Lane in New York City.

This is the second catalogue from M. Ellinger & Co., a New York City importer of foreign, ancient, and modern books, published in 1858. The 48-page catalogue lists over 1500 items, spanning the 16th through 19th centuries, with a significant section (pages 7-13) dedicated to books with Jewish content. Much of the descriptive text is in German and Latin. This catalogue is considered rare; this copy is noted as the only one located.

This is a circa 1875 catalog from Hartz & Levy's Magical Bazaar, located at 1131 Broadway in New York City. The catalog lists a variety of magical tricks, scientific toys, and novelties. The firm was notable for being one of the first American magic shops and for its connection to the Hartz family, known for their contributions to Vaudeville and magic.

This 1876 catalogue from Starr & Marcus, located at 22 John Street in New York City, details the items they displayed at the International Exhibition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The catalogue showcases their collection of precious stones and jewelry, likely including descriptions and prices of various pieces. The catalogue offers insight into the business practices and offerings of a prominent Jewish merchant firm in the late 19th century.

This is a fully illustrated Spring 1880 catalogue from Julius Saul & Son, a clothing retailer with stores in New York City, Troy, and Albany. The catalogue features boys' and men's clothing and includes an embossed bust of a girl in gold on the cover. The company's addresses are listed as 18 & 20 Astor Place, near Broadway and 8th Street in New York City.

This is a fully illustrated spring 1884 catalogue from Ehrich Brothers', a department store located at Eighth Avenue and 24th Street in New York City. The catalogue showcases a wide variety of goods, including clothing, dry goods, and other items. The Ehrich Brothers were known for their involvement in Jewish communal affairs. This catalogue reflects the diverse merchandise and prominent role they played within the New York Jewish community.

This is a Spring 1886 catalogue from Julius Saul, a New York City-based clothing retailer with stores in New York City, Troy, and Albany. The catalogue features illustrations of boys' and men's clothing. The cover features an embossed bust of a girl in gold. Julius Saul was active in Jewish affairs; his daughter, Rose Saul, married Dr. Maurice Joseph Lewi.

This is a Fall and Winter 1886-87 catalogue from B. Altman & Co., a prominent New York City department store. Catalogue No. 54 is fully illustrated and features a wide array of merchandise, including clothing for men, women, and boys; stationery supplies; purses; jewelry; lamps; and ceramics. The back cover showcases a large illustration of the store at 19th Street and Sixth Avenue.

This is a fully illustrated Fall 1888 catalogue from Ehrich Bros., a New York City department store. The catalogue showcases a wide variety of clothing for men, women, and boys. The store was known for its involvement in Jewish community affairs; it was founded by three brothers.

This is the Spring and Summer 1888 catalogue (No. 57) from B. Altman & Co., a prominent New York City department store. The catalogue features numerous illustrations and details a wide range of merchandise, including men's, women's, and boys' clothing, as well as stationery, purses, jewelry, lamps, and ceramics. The store was located at the intersection of 18th Street, 19th Street, and Sixth Avenue.

This is a complete mail-order catalog from Rosenham Bros., a New York City-based business, offering a wide variety of whiskey, wine, brandy, and other spirits. The catalog includes prices, an order form, and a calendar. The catalog likely dates to around 1891, based on the date provided in the metadata. This catalog provides insight into the business practices of Jewish merchants in late 19th-century New York and the types of alcoholic beverages available at the time.

This is a four-page catalog from Joseph Miller, a New York City metal goods merchant, published in 1900. The catalog, printed in both Yiddish and English, lists prices, types, and sizes of various metal goods sold by Miller at his shop located at 25 Canal Street, New York City.

This is a July 1900 catalogue from M. D. Mirsky, located at Bleecker and Worster Streets in New York City. The catalogue features illustrations and prices for various wrappers. A large lithograph of Mirsky's store is displayed on the back cover.

This 8-page catalogue from Wechsler, Abraham & Co., a New York City department store, is presented in magazine format. It advertises a wide range of dry goods and other department store items. Published in December 1877, the catalogue lists the store's addresses at 297-299 Fulton Street and 266-268 Washington Street in New York City. The catalogue reflects the fashion and consumer goods available in a late 19th-century American department store.

An earthenware crock with the markings "# 1/2 AND FREE HAND BLUE LEAF.............NAME AND 673; FULTON ST., BROOKLYN, NY" impressed into the crock. Handles are present. Attributed to A. Cohen. Circa 1885.

A jar-shaped crock with a full lip, bearing an impressed advertisement for A. Cohen, a dealer in china, glass, and crockery, located at 673 Fulton St. and 207 Court St., Brooklyn, New York. The crock is approximately 1 1/2" and dates to circa 1885. The impressed advertisement is considered rare.

A crockery item with an impressed advertisement for A. Cohen, a dealer in china, glass, and crockery, located at 767 Fulton Street, Brooklyn, NY. The advertisement is impressed into the crock itself. The crock is decorated with a hand-painted blue flower with three petals and the number 4. The date of manufacture is unknown, but the style suggests a late 19th-century origin, possibly around 1890.

A stoneware port wine jug, bearing the name "Salzman & Siegelman" and likely used in their business. The jug is undated but likely dates to the 1890s, based on stylistic features and the context of the business's operation in Brooklyn, New York.

Whiskey jug with the name 'Salzman & Siegelman' prominently displayed. The jug is likely from the late 19th century, circa 1890s, and is associated with the New York City-based business, Salzman & Siegelman. The jug's design suggests it may have been used in the food and beverage industry.

Whiskey jug produced by Salzman & Siegelman in Brooklyn, New York, circa 1890s. The jug is part of a collection of advertising objects.

A port wine jug with the inscription 'Salzman & Siegelman' from Brooklyn, New York. The jug dates to circa 1890s.

A whiskey jug advertising Ph. Goldberg's wholesale liquor business in New York City. The jug features addresses: 108 8th Ave. near 15th Street and 859 8th Ave. near 51st Street. Undated, circa 1910.

Whiskey jug from Pichel & Schwab, located at 1851 Fulton Street in Brooklyn, New York. The exact date of manufacture is unknown, but based on other items in the collection, it likely dates from around 1910 or earlier. The jug is an advertising object.

Whiskey jug advertising Salzman & Siegelman, a New York City business. The jug is circa 1890s and features the company's name and address. It is part of a collection of advertising objects.

A half-gallon whiskey jug produced by R. H. Macy & Co. in New York, New York. The exact date of manufacture is unknown, but it is estimated to be circa 1910 based on stylistic elements and the company's history. The jug features the R.H. Macy & Co. logo and details about the whiskey's contents.

Advertising bank note for J. Rosenberg, successor to H. Kahn, located at 839 Ninth Avenue (SW corner of 55th Street), New York, New York. The note is designed to resemble a Confederate $10 bill and features an advertisement for ladies' and gents' furnishings on the reverse. While the note itself is dated February 17, 1864, the advertisement suggests a publication date around 1875.

Earthenware pitcher with a raised wheat border and gold-printed "UNITED STATES" on both sides. Manufactured by L. Straus & Sons, New York, and likely dates from around 1885, based on the style and available information about the company. The pitcher was owned by a relative of Hetty Green.

An aqua-colored glass bottle with a doubled-collared mouth and a large iron pontil on the base. The bottle is embossed with "COHEN COOK & CO...229 WASHINGTON ST...NEW YORK." The bottle is bulbuous in shape. Circa 1865.

A molded glass prescription bottle with the name and address of C. M. Rosenbaum, pharmacist, embossed on the bottle: "C. M. ROSENBAUM..PHARMACIST..8 AND 10 W. FORDHAM RD..NEW YORK." The bottom is marked with the bottle maker, "M. B. W. MILLVILLE." The bottle has a cork top. Circa 1890s.

Two-part molded light green glass bottle. The front is inscribed with 'J. HECHT...BROOKLYN' and the back with 'J...1861'. The bottle dates to approximately 1861 and was likely produced by or for J. Hecht in Brooklyn, New York.

Molded glass soda bottle with the inscription "CURWITZ & FRIEDLENDER..76 LUDLOW ST.; N.Y." Circa 1885. Found in New York, New York, United States.

A molded glass soda bottle from the Central Bottling Company in New York, New York. The bottle is marked with the company's address: East 55th Street between 2nd and 3rd Avenues. The bottle also has the letter "B" on the bottom and the name "WOLFF, A." The approximate date is circa 1885.

Amber paneled whiskey bottle molded with the name I. Goldberg and five different street addresses in Brooklyn, Bronx, and Borough Park, New York City. The bottle likely dates to circa 1880, based on the donor's assessment.

A business letter from M. B. Ochs & Sons, dated September 9, 1891, sent from their New York City office at 58 Walker Street. The letter and envelope feature a full lithograph. The letter is a short business communication.

Nickel-plated match safe with an American flag and celluloid inlay. The inscription reads: "Compliments of the Season Chas. Ellwanger's Cafe...Robert Mendoza, Proprietor...14 Duane Street NYC". Undated.

Nickel-plated Art Deco match safe advertising Chas. Ellwanger, purveyor of ales, wines, and cigars, located at 14 Duane Street, New York, NY. Undated.

Celluloid-covered match safe advertising the Cigar Makers' International Union. The blue label on the box promotes a living wage and the elimination of child labor. Undated, but likely early 20th century given the context.

Match safe advertising Weiss's Café, located at 697 Broadway, New York, NY. The match safe is made of raised metal; the reverse side depicts a dog's head. Circa 1890s.

Printed menu commemorating the 40th anniversary of Mordecai Lodge No. 57, I.O.B.B. (Independent Order of B'nai B'rith), held at the Murray Hill Lyceum in New York, New York on January 1, 1904. The menu is printed on aluminum.

An advertising mirror for Leo Kraus's business, located at 74 W. 38th Street and 654 Sixth Avenue in New York, New York. The mirror advertises birthstones and features the phrase "The Bead Man." A telephone number, Fitz Roy 3099, is also listed. Undated, but likely from around 1910.

This 1859 pamphlet, published by Henry Levy, is a combination of advertising and information about New York City. It contains 12 pages of advertisements for Levy's business, which imported and sold foreign and domestic fancy goods, and 32 pages of information and illustrations about New York City, serving as a guide for merchants and visitors alike.

This is a six-page children's book, likely used as an advertisement for Rosenberg & Son, a clothing business located at 43 and 45 Fulton Street in Brooklyn, New York. Published circa 1885, the book tells the story of a dog named Little Johnnie and his lunch. The story is illustrated and likely served as a promotional handout for the company.

This is a price list pamphlet from J. B. Spelman & Sons, a New York City business, circa 1885. The pamphlet lists various items for sale, including fans, corsets, ribbons, needles, and whalebone for corsets, with their corresponding prices. The business address, 369 Broadway, is clearly stated on the pamphlet.

This is a catalogue from Weingarten Bros., a New York City-based business, published in 1890. The catalogue features illustrations and descriptions of various corsets, including different sizes and styles. The purpose is to advertise and sell corsets to consumers.

This is a catalog from S. F. Myers & Co., a New York City jewelry store, published on March 15, 1887. The catalog features illustrations and lists watches and cases with their respective sizes and prices. The back cover shows a lithograph of the store located at 50 Maiden Lane and 33 Liberty Street, New York City.

Postcard price list for raw furs from Milton Schreiber & Co., New York City, sent to Calbin Shoop in Enterline, Pennsylvania, on January 23, 1912. The postcard advertises the purchase of raw furs.

A postcard announcing that Lehman Brothers will pay interest as agents for the City of Montgomery, Alabama. Dated December 13, 1877. The postcard also mentions Levy & Borg.

Shipping tag addressed to Max Lerner at 312 Harrison Street, New York, New York. The tag is undated but likely dates to the late 19th or early 20th century, given the style and the address. The tag is part of a larger collection of Judaica Americana.

This trade card advertises the Begloff Fish Co., Inc., a wholesale fish dealer located at 28 Peck Slip in New York City. The front of the card features the company's name and a description of its business. The back of the card provides instructions for shipping.

This trade card advertises Julius Strassman, an importer and jobber of fancy groceries, located at 146 Reade Street and 12 Harrison Street, New York. The card features a simple design with the company's name and address prominently displayed. The image shows a full-page ad from the New York Times with the name and address of the business. The back of the card is blank.

A painted wood rental sign reading "TENEMENT TO RENT." The sign likely dates from the early 20th century, judging by its style and the subject matter. It was found in New York, New York.

Cardboard sign advertising Hershel's King Size Corned Beef in New York City. Printed in blue and red, the sign reads: "IF YOU'RE NOT FAMISHED or STARVING YOU'LL NEVER FINISH OUR KING SIZE HERSHEL'S OF NEW YORK CORNED BEEF." The sign dates from 1950.

Trade card advertising the Havana & Key West Cigar Company. The card features a graphic of a falcon holding a cigar on one side and a list of brands on the reverse. Printed by S. Kraut, Broadway, NY. Undated, circa 1895.

Glass food oil bottle manufactured by I. Rokeach & Sons Inc. in Brooklyn, NY. The bottle features a molded Star of David and crown, along with the company's name and the inscription "OIL REFINERS". It is a two-part mold. Circa 1890.

Etched glass seltzer bottle with a unique nine-arm candelabra holder featuring a lion on each side. The bottle was produced by the Lichtenstein Brothers in New York, New York, United States. The exact date of manufacture is unknown, though the donor suggested it was made sometime around 1910.

Broadside announcing the opening of a select boarding school for young ladies run by Mrs. H. Simons. The broadside lists courses offered, teachers, and costs, specifying different rates for ladies under and over the age of 12. It also notes a separate charge for laundry. The school was located at 21 and 22 Mansfield Place, West 51st Street, New York, New York. Circa 1855.

Broadside announcing the annual report of the Hebrew Benevolent Society of New York, dated October 27, 1862. The report details expenditures of $10,000 for transient applications and pensioners, and $4,000 to support 34 orphans. It appeals for further funds for a new orphan asylum and general needs. Signed by J. D. Edrehi, 165 West 21st Street, New York, New York. Includes a list of trustees and donation committee members.

Broadside invitation to the inaugural dinner of the B'nai Jeshurun Educational Institute, a college preparatory school for American Jewish children, held at the Chinese Assembly Rooms on Broadway, New York, New York, in 1863. The invitation also announces a dedication ceremony at the adjoining synagogue. It lists the board members with their addresses, including Commodore Uriah P. Levy and Captain Jonas Phillips Levy.

A pamphlet containing a mourner's prayer booklet and an advertisement for Torah covers as remembrance items. Published in New York, New York, circa 1890s. The pamphlet includes text in English, Hebrew, and Yiddish.

Four-page pamphlet printed on both sides, accordion-folded. Contains Yiddish recipes and is illustrated. Published by American Maize Products in New York, New York, in 1930.

Lithograph depicting Jewish soldiers of the Prussian army observing Yom Kippur prayers in Metz, 1870. Published by H. Schile, 18 Division St., New York City. The scene shows soldiers in uniform, some wearing tallit, gathered around a Torah ark. A cartouche includes a quote in Hebrew and German: "Have we not the same father, only one god created us." Explanatory text in German is at the four corners. The lithograph is of historical significance, illustrating the observance of Jewish religious practice amidst wartime.

Embossed New Year's card depicting two children. Text in English, German, and Yiddish. Published by Saxon Studio, 20 Ave. C, New York, New York. Date of publication unknown, but estimated to be from the 1890s.

New Year's greeting card sent by M. J. Finkelstein to E. Schwartz in New York, New York, on January 1, 1932. The card includes text in both English and Hebrew. The card was sent in an envelope addressed to Schwartz c/o Cohen at 8301 Bay Parkway.

Sterling silver wine cup with three handles, presented to Samuel D. Levy on his birthday, January 12, 1902, by the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society (H.S.G.S.) of New York. The cup features an inscription commemorating the occasion. It is a ritual washing cup.

A three-color lithograph advertising broadside for Lichtenstein Brothers & Co., a New York City cigar manufacturer. The broadside features an illustration of the company's factory at 266-270 Bowery, 224-236 Elizabeth St., and 187-195 Eldridge St., along with vignettes of satisfied customers enjoying their cigars. Published in New York, NY circa 1885.

This pamphlet contains the twenty-fifth annual report of the American Society for Meliorating the Condition of the Jews, presented in 1848. The report details the society's activities and accomplishments during the year, likely including information on its charitable work, advocacy efforts, and overall progress in improving the lives of Jewish people in the United States. The report was likely presented to the society's members and possibly distributed more broadly to raise awareness and solicit further support.

This pamphlet, published in New York in 1823 by D.A. Borrenstein, reprints William Harris's *Elements of the Chaldee Language*. Intended as a supplement to Hebrew grammars, it serves as a general introduction to Aramaic dialects. This publication is one of the earliest imprints of David Aaron Borrenstein, a printer who initially worked in London before relocating to New York and later New Jersey.

This 56-page pamphlet, published in New York in 1854, presents a scholarly examination of the biblical laws concerning servitude. Author William Jay argues against the interpretation of these laws as supporting the institution of slavery. The pamphlet represents a significant contribution to the abolitionist discourse of the mid-19th century.

This pamphlet is a reprint of an article from the American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS) publication, number 22, published in 1914. The article focuses on the life and work of Judah Monis, the first instructor of Hebrew at Harvard University. The author, Lee M. Friedman, meticulously details Monis's biography, exploring his intellectual contributions, religious background, and his unique position in early American higher education. This reprint likely served to disseminate information about Monis's significant role in the history of both Jewish life in America and the evolution of academic studies in the United States.

This is a 24-page pamphlet representing Volume 10, Number 6 of *The Jewish Chronicle*, published in December 1853 by the American Society for Meliorating the Condition of the Jews. The periodical, edited by Rev. E. R. McGregor, focused on Christian missionary efforts aimed at the conversion of Jews in the United States.

This pamphlet is a July 1853 issue of *The Jewish Chronicle*, a periodical published by the Society for Meliorating the Condition of the Jews. It is a Christian publication aimed at promoting the conversion of Jews in the United States. The content likely includes articles, essays, or sermons supporting this goal.

This pamphlet contains the English and Italian texts of "Deborah," a drama in four acts. Adapted expressly for Madame Ristori and her Italian Dramatic Company under the management of J. Grau, the Italian translation is by Sig. Gaetano Cerri. Published in New York in 1866.

This is the first American edition of August von Kotzebue's play, Pizarro, published in 1799 by Naphthali Judah at 47 Water Street, New York. This edition is notable for its rarity; only one other incomplete copy was known to exist at the time of the description, located in a New York City library. The book includes a list of five other works published by Judah. This copy is bound in full leather and is in good condition.

This manuscript ledger, spanning from 1825 to 1847, documents the receipts of James A. Rich. The ledger contains numerous entries, with seven distinct signatures of purchasers recorded on individual sheets. The entries suggest business transactions, possibly indicating Rich's commercial activities in New York City during the period.

Broadside printed on both sides detailing Captain Jonas Levy's claims for losses incurred during the Mexican War (1846-1848). Levy, captain of the transport ship "American," was commended by General Scott for his gallantry and patriotism during the Battle of Vera Cruz. The broadside was likely printed around 1882.

This 124-page book details the 1818 libel trial of Charles N. Baldwin in New York City. Baldwin was accused of publishing an article suggesting a conspiracy between lottery sub-manager John Sickels and Napthali Judah, a prominent bookseller and publisher. The trial examined Sickels's fraudulent lottery practices and Judah's involvement. Despite Judah's initial claims of innocence, evidence presented implicated him in prior lottery tampering. The jury quickly found in Baldwin's favor, making this a significant early American First Amendment case.

This 1911 pamphlet is a reprint of Publication No. 20 from the American Jewish Historical Society. It focuses on Francisco de Faria, an American Jew, and his connection to the Popish Plot of the late 17th century. The original 1680 printed document is referenced, and this reprint offers a historical perspective on de Faria's involvement in this significant historical event.

This 15-page pamphlet contains a speech delivered by Robert J. Walker on September 30, 1856, advocating for the preservation of the Union while also expressing pro-Southern Rights sentiments. Sent as a "free frank" by Senator David Levy Yulee to Miss Lilly Arden in Putnam County, New York, this document offers insight into the political climate preceding the American Civil War and highlights the relationship between these two prominent senators.

Colored lithograph depicting a view of Baxter Street (formerly Orange Street) between Hester and Grand Streets in New York City. Published as part of D.T. Valentine's Manual of New-York, 1863. Created by Sarony, Major & Knapp Lith.

This book, published in 1845 by The Sun Newspaper in New York City, profiles wealthy New York City citizens with a net worth exceeding $100,000. It includes a significant biography of Haym Salomon, focusing on his substantial wealth and the significant debt owed to him by the United States government, and also includes profiles of August Belmont, Amelia, Rebecca, and Bell Judah. The book offers insights into the lives and fortunes of prominent New Yorkers in the mid-19th century, shedding light on the economic landscape and social structure of the time.

Pamphlet detailing the program for the opening of the Exchange and Auction Room at 59-65 Liberty Street, New York City, on April 14, 1885. The pamphlet includes information about the real estate dealers involved, bylaws, arbitration rules, and a list of attendees. John Jacob Astor chaired the meeting.

This leather-bound receipt book, owned by Jacob Banta, documents financial transactions in New York City between 1771 and September 1779, a period that includes the British occupation. The book contains at least twenty-nine receipts signed by Jewish brokers, including Barrak Hays, Jacob De Costa, Solomon Myers Cohen, A. Barrett, Hyman Myers, Philip Rhinelander, Moses Isaacs, Manuel Myer, Abraham De Rivera, and John Myers (?). A notable entry is a receipt dated October 1779 for a red cow, signed by 'Nat'l Swain, commander light dragoon'.

This pamphlet contains the text of an 1830 anniversary discourse delivered by Dr. Daniel L. M. Peixotto before the Society for the Education of Orphan Children and the Relief of Indigent Persons of the Jewish Persuasion in New York City. The discourse reflects Peixotto's views on Jewish faith and culture, and the importance of education and charity within the Jewish community. Singerman #500.

This is a catalogue of Hebrew books published in Vienna, for sale by Isidor Bush at 411 Grand Street, New York City. Published in 1849, it's notable as the first Jewish bookseller's catalogue published in the USA. Bush, the editor of the short-lived Jewish weekly *Israel's Herald*, is described in the catalogue as the editor of that publication. This catalogue is a significant historical marker in the development of Jewish publishing and bookselling in the United States.

This pamphlet is Volume I, Number III of *The Israelite Indeed*, a periodical devoted to illustrating and defending Hebrew Christianity. Published in New York in 1857, it features a fictional letter from an Orthodox rabbi in the USA to a Reformed rabbi, highlighting the religious debates and divisions within Jewish communities at the time. The periodical's purpose was to promote a specific interpretation of Christianity within the context of Jewish heritage and tradition.

This 16-page pamphlet details the constitution and by-laws of the United Hebrew Benevolent Association of Helena, Montana, circa 1885. It lists 39 male and 23 female members, all wives of the male members. The association, formally reconstituted in 1885, aimed to promote Jewish principles of charity and benevolence by assisting the sick and needy, covering funeral expenses, and organizing religious services, particularly following deaths. The original Hebrew Benevolent Association of Helena was founded in December 1866.

This is a prayer program from Congregation Shearith Israel in New York City, dated October 26, 1884. The program contains a service of prayer and thanksgiving, adapted for use in the USA, to celebrate Sir Moses Montefiore's 100th birthday. Originally designed for use in synagogues throughout the British Empire, this adaptation reflects the transatlantic connections within the Jewish community. The program was printed by C.S. Nathan.

This pamphlet is an advertisement or promotional piece for a copy of "The Twenty-Four Books of the Holy Scriptures According to the Massoretic Text." Published by Sherman for the Rev. Abraham de Sola, and copyrighted in 1853, this particular copy dates from around 1873. The pamphlet likely details the content and availability of the complete scripture text.

Billhead from H. C. F. Koch & Co., importers and retailers of fancy and dry goods, suits, etc., located at West 125th Street, between Lenox and 7th Avenue, New York City. Dated January 2, 1896. The bill displays a list of purchases, likely for clothing or dry goods. It shows the store’s address and an image of the store's exterior, a large multi-story building. The billhead is printed with simple, classic typography.

Billhead for Gans & Klein, Importers, Manufacturers, and Dealers in fashionable clothing, gents' furnishing goods, hats, boots, shoes, hydraulic hose, rubber clothing, Cal. blankets, etc. The billhead notes an office and factory in New York at 184 and 186 Church Street. The billhead indicates the buyer is J. N. McKnight & Co. of Helena, Montana, and is dated December 19, 1879. The billhead has a printed header with ornate Victorian-style lettering. The business address, name, and type of products are neatly laid out.

A printed circular in the form of a letter announcing the opening of Strauss, Sachs & Co. at 355 & 357 Broadway in New York, New York. Issued on February 1, 1891. The circular is a broadside.

A letter from Mayer & Loewenstein, varnish manufacturers located at 80 Beckman Street, New York City, dated August 5, 1874. The letter is addressed to D. W. Esmond, Esq., Attorney at Law, of Pittsburg, Pa. It is a letter responding to a query about a previous order placed by Esmond. The letter contains a brief note that an order was filled and a request for Esmond to pay for the item. There are multiple stamps on the billhead, and the letterhead text has a decorative ornate Victorian-style lettering, which is typical of the period.

Billhead from D. Block & Co., a dry goods business with locations in Helena, Montana; New York, New York; and San Francisco, California. Dated February 5, 1877. The billhead lists the New York address as 46 West Broadway and the San Francisco address as 22 and 24 Battery Street. J.J. Koenigshofer is listed as running the Helena store.

Billhead for Lawrence, Cohen & Co., Successors to Lewis I. Cohen, Manufacturers of Improved Gold Illuminated Ivory Surfaced Playing Cards, White & Tinted French Enameled Visiting Cards, Printers Plain Satin Railroad & Steamboat Cards, Card Boards, Everpoint Leads &c., 184 William Street, New York. Dated March 6, 1855. The bill is for the purchase of 18 'items' at a price of $1.00 per item. The billhead contains a fine litho and details of the business and transaction. The billhead has a decorative header with a depiction of the company's building.

A letterhead from Chrome Steel Works, manufacturers of all descriptions of Cast Steel. Dated May 10, 1887, this document is addressed to Q. E. Patton & Cash, a business located in Brownsville, Pa. The letter references materials and construction for a project, likely in relation to the manufacture of steel goods.

Invoice from W. & I. Steinhart & Co., importers and manufacturers of clothing, gents' furnishing goods, and blankets, located at No. 3 & 5 Battery Street, San Francisco, California. Also, the company has a location in New York, New York, at No. 82 & 84 Thomas Street. Dated May 2, 1876. The bill was issued to C. O. Ivory, who bought items from the business. The billhead includes a company logo featuring Lady Justice as a central motif.

Billhead from STEIN, HIRSH & CO., manufacturers of starch, gum dextrin, blood and egg albumen. Dated May 31, 1893. The bill lists an item purchased, likely starch, by C. W. Jacobs. The billhead has a printed header, ornate lettering, and clear details of the business address and transaction.

Billhead from L. Arneberg & Brother, merchants and tailors, located on Montague Street, near Court Street in Brooklyn, New York. The bill is dated June 20, 1867. The transaction details include a list of items, likely clothing items, such as vests, coats, and pants, with their respective prices. The bill also has a government revenue stamp that is part of the transaction, suggesting the transaction may be a bill of exchange or other government-related financial transaction.

Billhead from H. C. F. Koch, importers and retailers of fancy and dry goods, suits, etc. Dated July 2, 1894. The bill is for the purchase of an unspecified item by Mrs. Judith Lincoln. The billhead is printed with the business name, address, and a small illustration of the store. It is written in a clear, crisp, and simple style, typical of the period.

Billhead from the stationery store of H. Seioliman & Co., successors to Lewis I. Cohen. The billhead is dated August 5, 1848, and lists the address as 134 William Street, New York, New York. The billhead features lithographic printing and is an example of early American commercial printing.

Invoice from Heyman Bros. & Lowenstein, manufacturers of fine cigars and dealers in leaf tobacco. Located at 182,184,186 & 188 Chatham Square, cor. Mott St, New York, New York. The bill is dated September 27, 1881, and the buyer is C. G. Alvord. The billhead features a decorative printed header, ornate lettering, and clearly printed company details.

Billhead for L. & E. Wertheimer, dealers in Leaf and Manufactured Tobacco, located at 138 Water Street, New York, New York. Dated September 4, 1876. The bill lists an item purchased, likely a tobacco item, from the business by Hugo Goehler, Esq.. The billhead displays ornate Victorian-style lettering. Decorative elements include a framed header section and an ornate arc above the business name.

Billhead from L. Straus & Sons, importers of earthenware, china, glassware, cutlery, and trays, as well as manufacturers of lamps, located at No. 44 Warren Street, New York City. Dated January 19, 1874. The billhead features ornate, script lettering and lists the buyer as 'M. Cou: of Charities' (likely the New York City charity, the 'Council of Charities'). The bill lists a single item purchased, likely a light fixture or lamp, for the 'Epileptic Hospital'. The billhead indicates 'Terms: Cash' and was shipped to 'W.S. Bimbo.'

Billhead from L. Straus & Sons, located at 42, 44 & 46 Warren Street, New York, New York, dated January 7, 1882. The billhead mentions the Sterling Iron & R. R. Co. The document includes information about the Straus family's business history, their immigration from Europe, and their involvement in various enterprises, including a pottery and glassware business and later, Macy's.

Billhead from L. Straus & Sons, importers and manufacturers of china, pottery, and glassware. Located at 42, 44, 46 & 48 Warren Street, New York, New York. The billhead includes a list of items purchased by M. L. FitzGerald, with quantities, prices, and totals listed. The business was located at 42, 44, 46, and 48 Warren Street. The transaction was dated November 19, 1892. The billhead has decorative ornate Victorian-style lettering and a large header.

Billhead from Abraham and Straus, a retail department store, located in New York, New York. Dated November 30, 1898. The billhead lists purchases of sundries and groceries by Ms. H. White, located at 70 7th Avenue. The billhead includes an image of the store's exterior and details of the transaction. The transaction includes items such as a brush, whisk, bucket, paint, and various other sundries and groceries, with their corresponding prices. The billhead also includes the signature of the buyer, Ms. H. White, and a stamp indicating the transaction was paid on December 28, 1898.

This is a billhead from L. Straus & Sons, a Hotel, Club, and Steamship Department located at 42 & 44 Warren Street, New York, New York. Dated September 2, 1881, the billhead lists various items and their corresponding prices, most likely for chinaware for hotels and steamships. Some of the items listed include dinner plates, breakfast plates, soup bowls, ice cream, butter plates, and tea and dinner coffee sets.

NOT ENOUGH INFO

Broadside advertisement for Lawrence, Cohen & Co., playing card manufacturers, located at 184 William Street, New York, New York. Published in 1855, this broadside lists the sizes, types, and prices of various decks of playing cards. The firm was a successor to the business of Lewis I. Cohen, an early American playing card manufacturer known for his innovations in color printing. The broadside provides details on the company's offerings and signifies the continuation of a prominent American playing card manufacturing legacy.

A broadside advertisement for Nathan Schlessel, located at 132 & 134 Greene Street, New York, New York. The broadside illustrates fur capes and lists prices. The date is estimated based on the context provided by the donor; however, the exact date is unknown.

A set of five broadsides advertising fur capes, along with an envelope, published by Nathan Schlessel at 132 & 134 Greene Street, New York, New York, in 1880. The broadsides illustrate fur capes and list prices.

A broadside advertisement for Nathan Schlessel, located at 132 & 134 Greene Street, New York, New York. The broadside, likely from 1880, showcases fur capes and their prices. This is one of five different broadsides in a set, also including an envelope.

A broadside advertisement for Nathan Schlessel, located at 132 & 134 Greene Street, New York, New York. The broadside, likely printed circa 1880, illustrates fur capes and lists prices. It is part of a larger set of five broadsides and an envelope.

A set of five broadsides advertising fur capes, published by Nathan Schlessel at 132 & 134 Greene Street, New York, New York, in 1880. The broadsides illustrate the capes and list prices. An envelope is also included.

Broadside price list issued by P. Barnard in New York, New York, circa 1885. The list includes matches, cigars, shoe polish, toilet paper, and ink. The broadside is addressed 'To the Trade'.

A broadside advertisement for Nathan Schlessel, manufacturer of cloaks and suits, located at 80 & 82 Greene Street, New York, New York. The advertisement, circa 1885, features a lithograph of a woman in a fur cloak and lists prices for various fur capes.

A broadside advertisement for H. C. F. Koch's men's clothing store, located at Sixth Avenue and 20th Street in New York, New York. The advertisement announces that the store has been enlarged to twice its size, all on one floor. The broadside is printed on blue cardboard and is circa 1885.

A broadside advertisement for A. Silverberg and the London Tailoring Co. in Brooklyn, New York, dated circa 1890. The advertisement promotes custom suits and cleaning services, including pricing details. The advertisement also includes a seemingly unrelated phrase: "AN ABSOLUTE DIVORCE FREE OF CHARGE."

A broadside advertisement for Isaac Myer's book, "Scarabs: The History, Manufacture, and Religious Symbolism in Ancient Egypt, Phoenicia, Sardinia, Etruria, etc." The advertisement, printed in New York, New York in 1894, lists the price as $2.00 and indicates that the book is for sale by Edwin W. Dayton.

A broadside advertising Jacob Epstein's book "The Spirit of the Ghetto," published by Funk & Wagnalls in New York, New York, circa 1900. The broadside features images related to the book's subject matter, depicting the people and life of the Jewish quarter on New York City's Lower East Side. The price is listed as $1.35.

An advertisement for Sweetheart Soap published in New York, New York. The advertisement includes a premium coupon and is printed in English, Yiddish, Polish, and another Eastern European language. The exact publication date is unknown.

A cardboard broadside advertising Planters Peanut Oil. The advertisement features Sheindele, a chazanette (female cantor), and is written in both English and Yiddish. It promotes Sheindele's appearances on WEVD radio. Likely published in New York City, New York, circa 1940.

A red and black broadside advertising a sale to celebrate 40 years in business by Hyman Finkelstein, located at 51 Orchard Street in New York, New York. Published January 10, 1936.

Playbill for the performance of "Yusef Caramalli, or the Siege of Tripoli," a play written by Mordecai Manuel Noah, at the Park Theatre in New York City on January 20, 1822. The broadside provides a detailed description of each act, including stage scenery. This is considered the only known surviving copy of this playbill.

Silk souvenir broadside advertising the final performance of "The Beggar Student" by the McCaull Opera Comique Company at the Casino Theatre in New York, New York on February 2, 1884. The broadside features the name of Rudolph Aronson.

A spring 1881 broadside advertisement for Stern Brothers department store, located at 32, 34, and 36 West 23rd Street in New York City. The broadside features an illustration of a boy and girl and indicates the store's location between Broadway and 6th Avenue.

Printed billhead in red and black ink for John Frazer & Co. Includes a price list for various types of braids and features the "American Hair Works" logo with an eagle at 91 Crosby Street. Published in Cincinnati, Ohio in March 18, 1867.

Broadside advertisement for the Classical and English Academy, established by Isaac Harby in New York City, dated May 20, 1828. The broadside details the curriculum and costs associated with the academy. It includes the signatures of Isaac Harby, Hannah Isaacs, Grace Isaacs, and Montague Hendricks.

A printed broadside in the form of a letter from the Bernhard Ulmann Company, announcing new goods. Published in New York, New York on July 22, 1874. The broadside is printed on one side only.

An illustrated broadside advertisement for Reuben, Rosenberger & Co., a New York City clothing retailer. The broadside features images of garments and a price list. The advertisement is dated September 1, 1897, and lists the company's address as 101-103 Wooster Street, New York City.

A collection of ephemera including a broadside detailing a price list for furs, an advertisement for 'Aunt Carrie's Rheumkeene' manufactured by Carrie Wertheim and distributed by H. Lehman, 24 Bond St, NYC, and fur tags. Published in New York, New York, United States, circa 1890.

An advertising envelope for the Quaker City Shirt Co. in New York, addressed to C. M. Adams in Alexandria, Virginia. The envelope shows a 1-cent Bank Note stamp with a New York double oval cancel. The envelope was sent third-class mail. The address indicates the Quaker City Shirt Co. was located at 590 Broadway, New York. The date is inferred to be around 1875, based on postal markings and information provided by the donor.

Envelope from Spektorsky Bros., manufacturers of ostrich feather dusters, located at 257 Canal Street, New York, New York. The envelope is dated January 23, 1894, and features a lithograph of an ostrich feather duster.

An advertising envelope for Simon Kahn & Co., importers and commission merchants, with addresses in New York City (419 & 421 Broadway) and Alexandria, Virginia. The envelope is addressed to C. W. Adams. Dated circa 1870.

A broadside advertisement for Wm. G. Meier & Co. leaf tobacco, addressed to J. H. Rottman in Bremen, Germany. The broadside includes a stamp and is undated, though estimated to be from around 1875. Published in New York, New York.

An advertising envelope for Joseph Ullmann, a raw fur dealer located at 165 & 167 Mercer Street in New York City. The envelope dates from circa 1875, as determined by a postage stamp. Ullmann was also the Treasurer of Ahabath Achim Kalhal in St. Paul, Minnesota.

An envelope advertising S. F. Myers & Co., jewelers, located at 179 Broadway, New York, New York. The advertisement also notes a change of address to 50 Maiden Lane, effective after May 1st, 1885. The envelope is addressed to D. N. Blackwell.

An envelope addressed to Julius Cohn at 207 Pearl Street, New York, New York, circa 1885. The envelope features advertising, indicating commercial use. The envelope was likely used for business correspondence.

Green envelope with advertising for Ehrich & Co., department store located at 8th Ave. & 24th Street, New York, New York. Addressed to A. S. Daudridge in Shepherdstown, West Virginia. Dated January 1, 1890.

Printed commercial envelope addressed to Jacob Strauss & Son at 53 Maiden Lane, New York, New York, from M. D. Rothschild at 41 & 43 Maiden Lane, New York, New York, dated December 2, 1893. The envelope features a pre-printed return address and a Columbia Exposition stamp.

Green envelope with the Lazarus Bros. logo ("L/B in a belt") and address: 29 Lispenard St., New York. Dated January 23, 1889. The envelope shows advertising for the business.

An envelope addressed to Ira Leo Bamberger at 291 Broadway, New York, New York, dated January 21, 1889. The envelope displays advertising for T.C. Millard & Co., suggesting a potential business connection. The return address indicates Danbury, Connecticut.

An illustrated envelope advertising Herzog & Co., importing tailors, located at 44 Fulton Street (between Pearl and Cliff Streets) and 31 & 33 Whitehall Street (between Pearl and Bridge Streets), New York, New York. The envelope is dated January 21, 1899.

Envelope addressed to William Flegenheimer in New York, New York, postmarked January 5, 1899. The envelope features advertising for the "Golden Jubilee" (1849-1899) of the Independent Order Free Sons of Israel.

An addressed envelope sent to J. C. Meussdorffer & Bros. in San Francisco, California, on January 8, 1868. The envelope features an embossed advertisement for "Seamless Clothing" manufactured at 462 Broome Street, New York City, and a Scott #65 1861 stamp.

Envelope advertising the "Marquis of Michigan" vaudeville show featuring Sam Bernard and a company. The envelope was mailed from Greenfield, Massachusetts to New York, New York on October 1, 1898.

An advertising envelope for Louis Ash & Co., Commonwealth Cigar Factory. The envelope features a logo depicting a shield and an Indian. Dated October 11, 1880.

Envelope addressed to D. Feinberg, a dealer in imported pictures, frames, and mirrors, located at 903 Washington Ave. North, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The envelope is postmarked November 1, 1889, and includes a crude rubber stamp advertisement. The return address is S. Chelimer & Son, New York, New York.

An envelope addressed to Ira Leo Bamberger at 291 Broadway, New York, New York, postmarked November 19, 1884. The sender is listed as Louis Cohen at 176 Broadway, New York, New York. The envelope also contains the handwritten notation "O'Shea vs Kohn."

An envelope postmarked November 27, 1863, addressed to John Maschauer in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The envelope features the letterhead of Dreyfuss Brothers, importers of fancy goods, located at 11 1/2 College Place, New Orleans, Louisiana. The envelope also contains a handwritten note mentioning the death of one of the Dreyfuss brothers, noting that three brothers of the firm had died and the fourth was not expected to live.

An envelope with the address for the business, HIRSCH, ISAAC & SON, printed on the front. The address is 365 & 367 CANAL STREET, New York, New York. The envelope is dated 12/16/1881.

An advertising envelope from J. Hyman & Son, importers and manufacturers of pictures, paper, and cards, dancing order novelties, etc. The envelope is dated December 2, 1890, and lists the company's address as 25 Beekman Street, New York, New York.

An envelope advertising Spiegel & Prehs hosiery. The envelope features a vignette of a Black man as a trademark, and indicates that the company is the sole agent for the hosiery, which was made in Germany. The address on the envelope is 47 Walker Street, between Broadway and Church Street, New York, New York. Undated, but likely late 19th or early 20th century based on style.

An envelope addressed to H. J. Miller in New York, New York, postmarked December 29, 1885. The return address is rubber-stamped: Kaufman & Co., 303 Washington St., New York, New York. The envelope displays advertising for Kaufman & Co., suggesting a commercial transaction or correspondence.

An envelope addressed to S. R. Buford & Co. in Virginia City, Montana, postmarked May 21, 1891, and sent from Sideman, Lachman & Co. in New York, New York. The envelope displays the return address of Sideman, Lachman & Co., 46 Beaver Street, New York, New York, with a date of February 15, 1882 printed on it.

An envelope addressed to J. W. Blackwell in Ocala, Florida, postmarked February 20, 1885. The envelope features an advertisement for S. F. Myers & Co., located at 179 Broadway, New York, New York.

An advertising envelope for D. Feinberg, a dealer in imported pictures, frames, and mirrors. The envelope, dated February 24, 1890, advertises custom frame making and is addressed to a Minneapolis, Minnesota location. A crude rubber stamp corner advertisement is also present.

This archival collection consists of a letter, two envelopes, and an advertising insert from S. F. Myers & Co., a New York-based company. The letter, dated February 29, 1888, was sent to Henry Haggy in West Virginia. One envelope, postmarked February 29, 1888, shows the return address of S. F. Myers & Co. in New York. The other envelope is undated. The advertising insert features an image of the company's trademark and its address at 48 & 50 Maiden Lane, New York, New York. The materials suggest a business correspondence between S. F. Myers & Co. and Henry Haggy.

Printed return address envelope for the Young Men's Hebrew Association, located at 721 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York. Dated February 7, 1893. Addressed to Lewis Siegel.

Envelope postmarked March 10, 1914, from 415 West 128th Street, New York City, addressed to Miss Alice H. Myers. The envelope features a lithograph of a mother holding a child and an advertisement for The Hebrew Infant Asylum, located at Kingsbridge Road and Aqueduct Avenue, New York City.

An envelope addressed to I. Wheeler Blackwell in Ocala, Florida, from R. & L. Friedlander, wholesale jewelers, opticians, and importers located at 65 & 67 Nassau Street, New York, New York. The envelope is dated March 12, 1885.

An envelope addressed to A. D. May in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, postmarked March 19, 1890. The envelope features an advertisement for the Nathan Manufacturing Co., located at 92 & 94 Liberty Street, New York, New York.

Commercial envelope addressed to S. & B. Lederer in Providence, Rhode Island, from Levy, Dreyfus & Co., importers, located at 11 Maiden Lane, New York, New York. The envelope features a vignette of binoculars and is dated March 21, 1888. Post Office Box 3567, NYC is also listed.

An envelope addressed to M. Kistley in Tannersville, Pennsylvania, postmarked April 2, 1890. The envelope features an advertisement for B. Wasserman, established 1871, importer and manufacturer of segars, located at 301 Broadway, New York City.

An invoice and envelope documenting a transaction between Crofut, Knapp & Solmans of New York, New York and J. C. Meussdorffer & Bro of San Francisco, California on April 26, 1873. The invoice, written on the envelope, details a charge for four cases at $414.50. The envelope is addressed from New York, New York to San Francisco, California.

Advertising envelope from Isaac Bloom & Bro., dated May 12, 1871. The envelope features a prominent advertisement and was sent between New York, New York and Saugatuck, Connecticut.

Envelope addressed to Ira Leo Bamberger at 291 Broadway, New York, New York, postmarked May 20, 1887. The envelope also mentions Jackson, Michigan.

Envelope addressed to Richards & Suetchin in Flemington, New Jersey, from Schloss Brothers, umbrella and parasol manufacturers, located at 336 Broadway, corner of Worth Street, New York, New York. Dated May 21, 1886. The envelope includes a printed broadside advertising Schloss Brothers' merchandise.

An illustrated envelope addressed to an unknown recipient. The envelope features an advertisement for Jacob & Josef Kohn, Bent Wood Furniture, located at 297 Pearl Street, New York, New York. The envelope is dated May 28, 1895. The return address is T. S. Corsby & Son.

Envelope addressed to Ira Leo Bamberger at 291 Broadway, New York, New York, from Mayer, Strouse & Co. at 412 Broadway, New York, New York, dated May 29, 1884. The reverse side of the envelope features an advertisement for Lion Corsets.

Envelope addressed to Heller, Rothschild & Lang, located on Broadway between 3rd and 4th Streets in New York, New York, dated June 24, 1895. The envelope features advertising.

This archival record contains two items: a printed return address broadside for Kolasky & Ober, dealers in clothing, gents' furnishing goods, boots, and shoes in New York, NY, dated April 8, 1873; and an envelope from Abrams, N. & Brother in Granville, NY, dated July 7, 1893. The broadside advertises clothing and footwear. The envelope provides a glimpse into business correspondence practices.

This archival collection consists of two items: an envelope addressed to Isaac D. Sailer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, postmarked July 8, 1895, and a broadside from Sailer's business, dating from 1901. The envelope is from Levy, Horwitz & Lachenbruch, located at 92-96 Bleecker Street and 197-210 Mercer Street, New York, New York. The broadside's content is not specified but may pertain to Sailer's trade.

Envelope addressed to J. Steinfeld & Co. in Sherman, Texas, postmarked August 22, 1895, advertising Feist Bros., located at 57 Walker Street, near Broadway, New York, New York. The envelope shows advertising for Feist Bros. and Sharr Johnson & Co.

An advertising envelope from Samuel Steinfelder & Co., located at 588 Broadway, New York, New York. The envelope is dated August 24, 1888, and includes references to Farnham & Chamberlain and locations in Bradford and Wells River, Vermont. The envelope contains a legal document.

Envelope addressed to N. A. Steeb in Jackson, Ohio, with an advertisement for Kasschau & Kahn, manufacturers of artistic chandeliers and brass goods, located at 104 Centre Street, New York, New York. The envelope is dated October 3, 1882.

Invoice from Captain Bill, Master of the Brig Enterprise, to Michael Levy for 21,899.19 pounds sterling. The invoice details numerous items and their prices across three sides of a large sheet folded in half. Signed twice by Levy on May 26, 1789, in New York, New York. The document measures 12.5" x 8" and consists of four pages, one blank.

This letter, dated 1846, was written from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York. The author, Judah, writes to Charles Tobias about business matters and money owed.

A letter dated January 1, 1905, from Bernard Blau of the National Ladies Suit Co. in New York City to manufacturers, soliciting products for inclusion in his spring catalogue. The letter includes a lithograph of an "Auto Coat" and mentions his business address at 350 West 23rd Street.

A stampless commercial letter from John C. Larr & Co. to Henry Tobias in New York, New York, dated January 11, 1838. The letter discusses commercial items from Philadelphia, PA.

A letter written by Solomon Moses to Hendricks & Brothers on January 18, 1842, concerning copper. The letter mentions the death of Harmon Hendricks and Solomon Moses' involvement in Jewish affairs and his family connections to Rebecca Gratz. The letter was written from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and sent to New York, New York.

A letter written by L. Gershel to Louis Gross on January 2, 1868, concerning a claim against an estate. The letter is written on stationery from "Office of Rosenfield, Gershel & Bro., Wholesale Dealers in Havana and Domestic Segars," located at 86 Maiden Lane, New York City. The letter was sent from New York City to Troy, New York.

A letter written by Phineas De Cordova to Fred. Lewis on January 21, 1879, in New York, New York. The letter concerns a meeting to be held in Judge Cardoza's office as part of a suit mentioned in item #1988. Phineas De Cordova was the half-brother of Jacob Raphael De Cordova and they owned a large land agency in the Southwest.

A business letter written by John H. Riker to Louis Taussig & Co. on October 11, 1880, concerning a property with family history. The letter features a striking lithographed letterhead depicting kegs of whiskey, advertising the company's locations at 21 & 23 Lower Market, Covington, KY, and 303 Battery St. & 9 Delaney St., New York, NY.

A business letter written by E. Ritzera to M. & S. Sternberger on October 12, 1886. The letter, written on M. & S. Sternberger's letterhead, mentions a judgement and a telephone number (317 Spring). The letterhead indicates the company's location at the corner of Spring and Mercer Streets, New York, New York, within the Empire Commercial Sales Building.

A commercial letter written by W. A. Carter to Howard Sanger & Co. on October 20, 1869. The letter was sent from Fort Bridger, Wyoming, to the company's offices in New York, New York. The letterhead displays the address of Howard Sanger & Co. as 105 & 107 Chambers and 89 & 91 Reade Street, New York, New York.

Letter written by Henry F. Close to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on November 13, 1845, concerning business and family matters. The letter was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York.

A commercial letter dated November 21, 1848, sent from Messick & Towne to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York. The letter discusses the copper trade, highlighting Hendricks & Brothers' role as a major copper importer in the USA and a significant supplier to the U.S. Navy and Paul Revere. The letter is stampless and originates from an arsenal in Philadelphia.

Letter from Solomon Moses in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Harman Hendricks in New York, New York, dated November 24, 1829. The letter discusses copper and business matters. Solomon Moses was involved in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (Rebecca Gratz's sister). He trained in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City.

A letter dated November 25, 1942, from Pierre van Paassen, National Chairman of the Committee for a Jewish Army of Stateless and Palestinian Jews, to Erwin Piscator, inviting him to join the advisory board. The letter was written in New York, New York, United States.

Letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Edward Pollock & Co. in New York, New York, dated November 27, 1822. The letter pertains to commercial dealings between the two parties and references D. Hart. A stampless cover from Richmond is included.

A broadside announcing the sale of the estate of Hetty and Charlotte Gomez. The notice lists De Grove & Riker and Julius J. & A. Lyons as lawyers handling the estate. Published in New York, New York on December 22, 1893.

A financial record, possibly a letter with principal and interest calculations, from Simon Sternberger, Banker, located at 17 Broad Street, New York, New York. The document includes a lithographed letterhead and is dated December 31, 1880. The record covers the period of 1879-1880.

A letter written by Max Moses to H. & S. Riker on December 8, 1873, concerning bankruptcy. The letter is dated in New York, New York, and references a business address at 27 Chamber Street.

This archival item is a letter written by David Judah to Edward Pollock on March 11, 1823, in Richmond, Virginia. The letter pertains to commerce and reflects the close business relationship between Judah and Pollock. The letter was sent without a stamp. David Judah was an auctioneer who dealt in slaves. An advertisement for a Jewish-owned business in Richmond, featuring David Judah, Edward Pollock, and Tobias L. Tobias, appeared in the Richmond Enquirer on July 5, 1822.

A letter written by Moses Bernhard to John H. S. Riker on March 18, 1873, in New York, New York, concerning a title transfer. The letter is printed on Einstein & Bernhard letterhead, indicating a business connection between the parties.

A letter written by Abraham Tobias to I. J. Tobias on March 26, 1839, discussing the difficulties in the wine business, specifically the low prices of champagne and superior wines. The letter was sent from Charleston, South Carolina to New York, New York. The letter mentions a broadside of wines for sale (see 17.108).

A letter written by Judah to Charles Tobias on March 28, 1846, concerning business matters, money owed, and family affairs. The letter was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York.

Letter written by Solomon Moses to Herman Hendricks on March 3, 1828, concerning copper. Moses, active in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (Rebecca Gratz's sister), was trained in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to New York, New York.

A letter written by Julius Lipman on April 16, 1883, to John H. Riker and Robert Drolder in New York City, New York, concerning a property search at 206 Broadway. The letter provides insight into real estate transactions and business dealings in late 19th-century New York.

A letter dated April 21, 1886, from Fechheimer, Rau & Co. to the Forbes Lithograph Manufacturing Company in New York, New York. The letter includes a lithograph of the factory and store located at 361 & 363 Broadway.

A commercial letter written by David Judah to T. I. Tobias & Co. on April 27, 1826. The letter, sent from Richmond, Virginia, to New York, New York, pertains to business matters between the two parties. The letter is a stamped cover.

Letter written by Albert Netter to Kuhn, Loeb & Co. on April 29, 1884, concerning the transfer of stock in the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railway Company. The letter is written on Kuhn, Loeb & Co. letterhead, located at 31 Nassau Street, New York, New York.

Letter written by Solomon Moses to Harman W. Hendricks on April 30, 1829, concerning copper. Moses was active in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (sister of Rebecca Gratz). He was trained in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York.

A letter written by Herman Katz of 118 Prince Street, New York, New York, to J. B. Mercer in Reading, Pennsylvania, on April 5, 1893. The letter concerns the offer of buttons.

A letter written by Solomon Moses in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Henonely & Brothers in New York, New York on May 5, 1843. The letter discusses business matters related to copper and mentions the death of Harmon Hendricks. Solomon Moses' involvement in Jewish affairs and his family connections are also alluded to.

A letter written by Abraham Tobias to T. I. Tobias on June 13, 1840, concerning a bill of laden signed by M. Lopez. The letter was sent from Charleston, South Carolina to New York, New York.

A letter written by I. S. Cohen in Charleston, South Carolina, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, on May 12, 1848. The letter discusses Cohen's business dealings, noting that business is bad and that he is now also selling wine. Cohen mentions his position as a director of the South Western Railroad Bank.

A letter written by Mayer Sternberger of the firm M. & S. Sternberger in New York, New York, on June 14, 1884. The letter concerns a property for sale and includes a telephone number (317 Spring). The letterhead features a distinctive lithograph design.

A letter from Lichtenstein Bros. & Co., cigar manufacturers located at 268 & 270 Bowery, New York, New York, to J. H. Parson in Jefferson, Texas, dated June 24, 1878. The letter is accompanied by a lithograph depicting the company's factory. The letterhead features the company's name and address.

A stampless commercial letter written by H. Tobias to C. Tobias on July 18, 1842, concerning business affairs. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York. The letter is part of the 'Arc.MS.56, Volume A, Page 19' collection.

A commercial letter from Matthew Parker & Co. to Harmon Hendricks in New York City, dated July 30, 1825. The letter, sent from Liverpool, includes an invoice and pertains to copper importation, a significant business for the Hendricks family for five generations.

A commercial letter sent from Waterbury, Connecticut to Hendricks & Brothers in New York City on July 4, 1845. The letter pertains to the copper trade; Hendricks & Brothers were major copper importers in the USA, supplying the Navy and Paul Revere. The letter is stampless.

A commercial letter from A. C. Brown & Green in New York City to Hendricks Brothers in Liverpool, England, dated July 4, 1851. The letter pertains to the copper trade, highlighting Hendricks Brothers' significant role as a major copper importer in the USA and a primary supplier to the US Navy and Paul Revere. The letter is stampless.

A letter written by Harmon Hendricks to H. A. Perkins in New York, New York on April 7, 1830. The letter concerns a debt and mentions Hendricks's involvement in the copper import business. The letter is stampless and originates from Hartford.

A letter written by S. Liebovitz in New York, New York on August 10, 1892. The letter is addressed to an unknown recipient and its contents are currently undetermined. The letter mentions 14 & 16 Lispenard Street.

A letter written by Merrill Brown in Fort Sumner, New Mexico, to Joseph Rosenwald in New York City on August 29, 1868. Brown requests Rosenwald's assistance for a friend visiting the United States for the first time. Rosenwald was on a buying trip in New York City and was bringing his new wife to Los Vegas, New Mexico.

A commercial letter written by Charles Smith & Co. in New York, New York to William Vernon in Newport, Rhode Island on September 27, 1794. The letter mentions enclosed bills and notes, and references Nathan Phillips and Charles De Wolfe. William Vernon is noted as the largest slaver in the U.S.

A commercial letter dated July 14, 1857, from Newton Keates & Co. in Liverpool, England, to Hendricks Brothers in New York, New York. The letter pertains to business matters related to the Hendricks copper dynasty.

A letter written on the verso of a printed broadside detailing prices in New Orleans. The letter, dated September 1, 1842, was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to Belmont, referencing dealings with Rothschild's Bank. The broadside itself is the New Orleans Price-Current, Commercial Intelligence, and Merchant's Transcript.

A stampless business letter written by Alexander Kursheedt in New York, New York, to Henry White in New Haven, Connecticut, on November 18, 1837. The letter discusses business matters.

This letter, dated November 9, 1846, was written by Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses wine and Minis' refusal of special credit terms.

A business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to M. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on December 4, 1843. The letter pertains to business matters, reflecting the commercial activities of the Tobias family, known for their involvement in the clock and watch industry.

Letter written by Theodore A. Meyer from Newberry, South Carolina, to Zadig Levy on December 7, 1848, responding to a complaint about an order of knives that Levy claimed he never received. The letter was sent from Newberry, South Carolina to New York, New York.

A one and three-quarter page letter written in German from M. Mayer to Jacobs & Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 15, 1849. The letter discusses business matters and was written from Franklin, Mississippi. M. Mayer died of yellow fever in Grand Gulf in 1853.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by David Hart to George W. Johnson & Co. on April 19, 1836. The letter details a sales account. Hart's letter was sent care of Judah Touro. In 1845, Hart was listed among the 100 wealthiest citizens of New York City. The letter was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York.

A one-page business letter written by David Hart to George W. Johnson & Co. on April 3, 1835. The letter, sent care of Judah Touro, details Hart's sales on behalf of Johnson. In 1845, Hart was listed among the 100 wealthiest citizens of New York City.

A letter dated July 29, 1834, from M. Isaacson in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. Isaacson discusses closing his fur business and seeking new employment as a fur manufacturer, merchant, clerk, bookkeeper, or salesman. He mentions a Cohen in Philadelphia, offering insight into a Jewish self-help network.

Commercial letter and bill of lading concerning a shipment of pecans from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York. The letter, dated between January 15, 1842 and January 10, 1843, details a transaction between Henry Tobias and L. C. Mygatt. The documents are written in English.

Printed and filled-out shipping record from Kaufman Bros. & Bondy, Jewish merchants of New York City, detailing the shipment of goods from Liverpool, England to Edinburgh, Scotland, arriving in the United States on November 6, 1862. The document indicates the port of entry and lists the goods shipped.

Shipping record from David Cox to Hendricks & Brothers, documenting a shipment between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York, New York on December 8, 1849. The record, written on a stampless letter, includes the H&B mark and an additional letter.

Shipping record detailing a shipment from Bristol, England to New York, New York on February 20, 1807. The record involves Harmon Hendricks and Thaddeus Waterman. The record is part of a larger collection documenting the activities of Harmon Hendricks and his family's involvement in the metals industry.

A shipping record detailing the import of one case of Muscat wine on the American brig 'Elb' into the Port of New York. The record is certified by Mordecai Manuel Noah, and indicates Samuel Swartwout's involvement. Dated February 20, 1830.

Customs House receipt issued to Tobias, T. I. in New York, New York on February 7, 1835, for $65. Tobias was a member of Hebra Hased Vaamt, a mutual aid society, and active in other Jewish societies.

Shipping record addressed to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, NY, from L. & I.G. Grinnell in New Bedford, MA, dated June 22, 1849. The letter is written on the document. The Hendricks family was in the copper business for five generations until 1918 and were affiliated with the same synagogue for 200 years.

Shipping record documenting the entry of 131 gallons of gin into port. The record lists Joseph F. Tobias & Co. as the recipient and indicates the shipment arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and New York, New York on June 7, 1862.

Broadside documenting the import of 12 pounds of tea from Canton, China, on the American ship *Isabella* into the Port of New York. The document bears the stamped signature of a revenue inspector and is dated September 1, 1830. It also contains information about Mordecai Manuel Noah's role as a New York City political figure.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in Richmond, Virginia to New York, New York on September 13, 1839. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 23 Mercer Street, New York.

Unused postcard depicting the storefront of Harry Marx's clothing store in New York City, New York. The image includes three men, a woman, and a child. Undated, circa 1885.

Postcard dated April 30, 1898, from Gustav Frank & Co. in New York City, announcing the dissolution of the Tariff Association and the consequent ability to offer lower insurance rates. The message is written on the back of the postcard.

A receipt issued by L. Sinsheimer, located at 544 Broadway, New York, New York, to Phillip J. Walsh on January 3, 1884. The receipt mentions ASD and Lowenstein.

Purchaser's receipt from the American Relief Administration for a $20 donation. The receipt is trilingual (English, Yiddish, Russian) and indicates that a donation would result in the sending of clothing to a designated recipient. Herbert Hoover was the chairman.

A signed receipt from Uriah P. Levy acknowledging payment from J. Geo. Harris of the United States Navy Yard in New York City on May 3, 1855. The receipt mentions Levy's pay from the U.S. Naval Shipyard.

Receipt for wine from John Hertell to Benjamin Judah in New York City on June 12, 1788. The receipt is signed on the back by Judge Robert Morris.

Receipt issued by August Belmont on November 17, 1856 in New York, New York. The receipt indicates payment is payable only in certified checks drawn to the order of August Belmont. The receipt suggests a transaction involving equities.

Shipping manifest detailing the inland transport of goods from New York City to Philadelphia via New Jersey, arriving December 30, 1806. The manifest includes an oath sworn by Joseph Gratz as collector, attesting to the accuracy of the listed goods. The document is dated December 31, 1806, but refers to the goods' departure from New York on July 20, 1806.

Ticket to a charity ball in aid of Mount Sinai Hospital and Dispensary, held at the Academy of Music in New York, New York on March 15, 1883. The ticket features decorative elements and lists numerous Jewish names of the managers.

A broadside advertising the Stationers Board of Trade, located at 97 & 99 Nassau Street, New York, New York. The broadside also lists B. Illfelder & Co. and Dreyfuss & Sachs. Dated circa January 1, 1870.

Broadside listing licensed peddlers in New York City, New York, dated February 1, 1843. The list includes numerous Jewish names and specifies the mode of travel for each peddler (on foot, one horse, or two horses). The broadside is printed on both sides.

A broadside listing licensed peddlers in New York City on May 10, 1875. The list specifies the mode of travel for each peddler (on foot, one horse, or two horses). Named peddlers include Jacob Cohen, Adolphe Mayer, and A.J. Weingandt.

Letter written by Mich. Price to Charles Ludlow in New York, New York on October 4, 1805. The letter mentions a meeting with Mr. Judah, brother of Benjamin Judah, and comments on the increase and spread of a disease (possibly fever) among the Jewish population in New York.

A commercial letter written by H. Marx in New York City to Jacob & Meyer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 12, 1849. The letter mentions Jacob L. Seixas in New York City.

An 8.5" x 14" letter written and signed by Mordecai Manuel Noah on October 22, 1834, in New York City. The letter is a review of the play "The Merchant of Florence," performed at the Bowery Theatre in New York City. The letter was originally folded and placed inside a leather notebook containing the handwritten manuscript of the play (also part of this collection). Noah's multifaceted career as a playwright, theater owner, critic, and newspaper owner suggests various motivations for writing this review. This item is part of a larger collection of materials related to Mordecai Manuel Noah, a prominent Jewish figure in 19th-century America, notable for his attempt to establish a Jewish homeland at Grand Island, Niagara River, named "Ararat."

Membership certificate issued by the American Society for Meliorating the Condition of the Jews on August 1, 1825, in Boston, Massachusetts, conferring a lifetime directorship to Rev. S. V. S. Wilder. The certificate notes a payment of $50.00. Printed in black ink.

Life membership certificate issued to Siegmund Meyer on November 21, 1853, upon the opening of the Jews' Hospital in New York City. The certificate is printed in black with a green hospital seal and signed by Samson Simson (President), T.S. Seixas (Secretary), and Siegmund Meyer. This hospital was the second Jewish hospital in the United States.

A legal document, dated January 1, 1821, from New York, New York, attesting that a writ had been satisfied. The document involves Mordecai Manuel Noah, William Thomas, Robert Warnoch, and D. Graham.

A legal document from the New York Supreme Court dated January 27, 1868, pertaining to a case involving Albert Cardozo, James Fisk, and the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific Railway Company. The document includes the signature of Albert Cardozo.

Legal document related to the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific Railway Company, filed in the New York Supreme Court on January 27, 1868. The document bears the signature of Albert Cardoza. The case appears to be related to the railroad activities of James Fisk.

Legal document pertaining to prison commutation at Sing Sing Prison in New York, dated January 8, 1881. The document is signed by the Governor of New York and lists Alonzo B. Cornell and Harry E. Abell, along with several inmates (Silberstern, Louis; Koppelmann, Max; Jacobson, Julius) with their respective crimes and commutation details.

Legal document, a writ of execution issued in New York, New York on November 1, 1821, involving Benjamin Johnston, William Dilworth, and Abraham Voorhus. The writ was issued by Noah, Mordecai Manuel, acting as Sheriff.

A legal document, a writ of satisfaction, attesting that a writ had been satisfied. The writ was issued by Mordecai Manuel Noah, Sheriff of New York City, on November 1, 1821, in New York, New York. The document involves Joseph Clowes, George Weeks, and Thomas L. Broome.

A legal writ attesting that a writ had been satisfied. This document, dated November 1, 1821, involves parties Thomas L. Broome, John Smith, and William Wilson in New York, New York. The writ was attested by Noah, Mordecai Manuel.

A writ attesting that a writ had been satisfied in a legal case between John Givens and William H. Pinchney in New York, New York, dated December 1, 1821. This is one of four similar documents in the collection.

A receipt dated December 1, 1875, documenting the transfer of Jewish orphans from the Mayor's office to the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society in New York City. The receipt lists the names of Stern, Myer and Cohen, Jacob, who were involved in the transaction.

Legal document pertaining to real estate broker fees owed to Moses Hartz by Meyer and Simon Sternberger. The document was filed in New York, New York on December 18, 1884.

Legal document detailing an inquest into the death of a man by stabbing in New York, New York on December 7, 1806. Benjamin Seixas (1748-1817) is listed as a witness. The document is part of Volume F, Page 14 of the archival collection.

Legal document detailing an inquest into the suicide of a man by flintlock. The inquest was witnessed by Moses, Jonas (Joshua??). The document is from New York, New York and is dated March 10, 1815. This record is from Volume F, Page 15 of Archive MS.56.

Legal document detailing an inquest into the suicide of a man by hanging in New York, New York on March 10, 1815. Solomon Seixas (1787-1840) was a witness at the inquest.

Legal document detailing the inventory of the estate of Abraham De Lucena, prepared on March 24, 1726, in New York City. The document, sworn to by Rachel De Lucena, the widow, includes a list of household goods and slaves, and notes a debt owed by Moses Benjamin. It was authenticated by the Royal Governor of New York, William Burnet, and the Mayor, Robert Lurting, acting as appraiser. This inventory is part of the Deanne and Arnold Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica.

Legal document detailing an inquest into the suicide of Elizabeth Corgan in New York, New York on March 28, 1814. Witnesses at the inquest included Benjamin Gomez and Jacob Abraham. The document is from Arc.MS.56, Volume F, Page 15.

A detailed auction sheet (11.5" x 19") written on both sides, listing items for auction on April 1, 1831. This New York City petition requests a drawback of duties. The document is signed three times by Aaron Levy and witnessed by R. Riker. It is entirely in Levy's hand.

Legal document: Subpoena for Abigail Walker to appear at the trial of Solomon Isaacs, a felon, in New York, New York on May 24, 1798. Rosenbloom lists a Solomon Isaacs as a shopkeeper in NYC who died in 1798.

Arrest warrant issued on May 5, 1787, in New York, New York, for Eleazer Benzaken and Solomon Simons. The warrant is signed by M. Willet as sheriff and Richard Morris as Chief Justice of the New York Supreme Court. Benzaken is identified as a merchant.

Legal document pertaining to a commercial case in the New York Supreme Court, involving Aaron B. Nones as the defendant. The document, dated September 5, 1825, also mentions Annette Guilbaud, Alexander Tate, and Joseph Longchamp. The case has connections to both New York, New York, and Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

Coroner's inquest document from New York, New York, dated December 2, 1809. The document includes fourteen individual signatures and mentions William Willetts. Individuals named include Jacob Hart and Robert Phillips (1789-1833).

This document is a deed transferring property from Meissner, Ackerman & Co. to Philip Speyer & Co. in New York, New York, dated December 11, 1867. The deed is not signed.

This document is a deed detailing a property transfer in New York City, New York. The deed, dated December 13, 1864, involves Henry Cohn as a principal party and references previous owners including David Devore, Erastus Benedict, and Henry B. Brevoort. The property is located between 53rd Street and Second Avenue, encompassing a lot between 105 and 107. The deed traces the property's history back to 1760 when it sold for 1200 pounds sterling. Cohn purchased the property for $10,000.

Deed settling the estate of Moses Isaac, dated February 16, 1801, in New York City. The deed transfers $5000 to Joshua Jones and was signed by Isaac Gomez Jr., Abigail Gomez, and Esther Gomez. Esther Gomez was the daughter of Aaron Lopez of Newport, Rhode Island, and the wife of Moses Isaac Jr., son of the deceased Moses Isaac. Isaac Gomez Jr. was married to Abigail, also a daughter of Aaron Lopez.

Draft agreement between Congregation B'nai Jeshurun and Congregation Sha'ari Tephila in New York, New York, concerning the sale of a portion of their cemetery near Cypress Hills for $3000. The agreement, dated April 1, 1856, stipulates that the sale is to be conducted according to the laws of Beth Olom Cemetery as of March 12, 1856.

Draft agreement between Congregation B'nai Jeshurun and Congregation Sha'ari Tephila in New York, NY, concerning the sale of a portion of their cemetery near Cypress Hills for $3000. The agreement references the laws of Beth Olom Cemetery and is dated April 15, 1856. Multiple drafts with corrections are present.

Draft deed of agreement between Congregation B'nai Jeshurun and Congregation Sha'ari Tephila, New York, New York, concerning the sale of a portion of their cemetery near Cypress Hills for $3000. The agreement stipulates that the sale be conducted according to the laws of Beth Olom Cemetery as of March 12, 1856. The document is dated May 20, 1856.

Bill of sale for $500 for Herman Durholz's milk run, including a horse, wagon, harness, and milk cans. Signed by August Durholz, Herman Durholz, August Rubenstruck, and Herman Albert. New York, New York / Brooklyn, New York, July 9, 1874.

Passport issued to Sigmund T. Meyer of New York City on August 12, 1854. The passport, signed by Daniel Webster as Secretary of State, includes a physical description of Meyer. The accompanying stampless envelope is addressed to J.B. Nones from the Department of State.

Last will and testament of Judith De Cordova, executed July 21, 1874, in New York, New York. The will details the distribution of her estate to her surviving family members, including provisions for Phineas De Cordova (Austin, Texas), Alfred De Cordova (son of Aaron & Julia of NYC), and Flora Cohen De Leon (daughter of Abraham Cohen De Leon of Philadelphia). The document specifies her address as 69 West 53rd Street, New York, New York.

Bounty certificate for $300, issued to Isaac Weinberg in New York, New York on March 9, 1864. Weinberg is listed as a clerk and was born in Russia. The certificate is a printed form with handwritten details.

Certificate of service issued to Jules Leopold, a Captain in the 55th Regiment, 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, New York State Militia (Lafayette Guards), a French-speaking regiment. Dated January 8, 1860, in New York, New York. Signed by Jules Leopold and other officers.

Printed broadside letter from Captain Uriah P. Levy, late of the U.S. Navy, to his friends. The letter discusses Levy's problems in the Navy and includes a copy of a letter from J.C. Dobbin of the Navy. The envelope is addressed in Levy's hand to General Aaron Ward in Westchester, NY. Published in New York, New York in 1855.

Cardboard sheet with 32 movable metal arrows in circular dials for recording synagogue donations. The arrows indicate letters, numbers, holidays, and Torah portions to register donor names, addresses, donation amounts, and pledge times. Includes copyright inscriptions in Yiddish and English: "Copyright by M. Cohen 1913", "Patented in Washington by Moshe Cohen." Published in the U.S.A., circa 1913. 28.5 x 24 cm.

A Hebrew broadside containing Penitential Prayers (Selichoth) for Yom Kippur, published in 1847 for Congregation Sha'are Tefilah in New York City. The broadside specifies the prayers to be recited and indicates the congregation's location on Franklin Street. This printing is possibly the earliest known American printing of this liturgy.

Broadside commemorating the death of Isaac Leeser, featuring an acrostic poem in English and Hebrew. Includes a lithograph of Leeser. Printed by J. Davis at 49 Bleecker Street, New York, New York. Undated, but likely circa 1868 based on related materials.

A two-page broadside (printed on three sides), functioning as a stampless letter, written by Solomon Jackson and addressed to Joseph Dreyfous, A. N. Phillips, and Montgomery Moses on November 4, 1829, in New York, New York. The broadside is a critical commentary on the Society for the Education of Poor Children and the Relief of Indigent Persons of the Jewish Persuasion, addressing its practices and policies regarding the poor Jewish population of New York City. It offers a rare glimpse into the early history of Jewish charitable institutions in America.

Printer's proof for the program cover of a charity ball in aid of the Mount Sinai Hospital & Dispensary, held at the Academy of Music in New York City on March 15, 1883. The program cover features the event's name and date, and is associated with the Purim Association.

Program for the Hebrew Charity Ball held at the Academy of Music in New York City on March 6, 1879. The program includes the names of the committee members and other attendees. The cover is decorated and features an original colored string.

Lithographed invitation to the laying of the cornerstone ceremony for the new hospital buildings of Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, New York, on May 23, 1901. The invitation features a large illustration.

Invitation to the First Conference of the Jewish Ministers' Association, held at the Young Men's Hebrew Association (YMHA), 110 West 42nd Street, New York, New York, on January 14, 1885. The invitation is a printed broadside.

Printed invitation to a wedding (or betrothal) for Caecilie Horowitz and M. H. Lewkowicz. The invitation was issued in New York, New York on November 6, 1892.

Printed invitation to a fair held on December 18, 1886, in New York, NY, to benefit the Montefiore Home for Chronic Invalids. The invitation is addressed to Frederick Cook, Secretary of State of New York.

Invitation to a fancy dress ball hosted by the Purim Association at the Academy of Music in New York City on March 22, 1864. The invitation specifies rules, including a prohibition on firearms and acceptance of military uniforms as costumes. This was the third ball overall and the second held at the Academy of Music.

This is an invitation to the celebration of the golden wedding anniversary of Mr. & Mrs. Emmanuel Goldsmith, held at the residence of Mr. & Mrs. Henry Goldsmith, 284 West 34th Street, New York City, on April 27, 1862. Addresses were to be delivered by Rev. Raphael and Rev. S. M. Isaacs.

Postcard invitation to a special meeting of the Hebrew Female Orphan Dowry Society of New York, held at Temple Beth-El on May 16, 1875. The invitation lists J.C. Bachman and Nathan Herman.

This item consists of a tripartite wedding invitation suite for the marriage of Thersa Baer and David Nieto. The invitation announces a ceremony at the Nineteenth Street Synagogue in New York City, followed by a dinner at Mazetti's restaurant. Published in New York, New York on June 6, 1888.

Ticket to the Purim Association Fancy Dress Ball held at the Academy of Music in New York City on February 26, 1880. The event was a fundraiser for the Building Fund of the Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asylum Society. The ticket features a lithograph of Queen Esther and her court. The reverse side lists over 100 managers.

Lithographed invitation to the Hebrew Charity Ball held at the Academy of Music in New York City on March 2, 1882. The event was managed by the Purim Association and raised funds for the Building Fund of the Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asylum Society. The invitation features an illustration depicting Queen Esther, children, and other figures.

A printed broadside (5" x 7") issued by N. Phillips, Clerk of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York City, on March 31, 1847. The notice declares that individuals marrying outside the faith are ineligible for membership.

Seven-page letter from Rabbi Henry A. Henry to Isaac Leeser, dated January 10, 1855, from New York, New York. Henry accuses Leeser of a personal vendetta, including unfounded attacks on Henry's reputation and livelihood since his arrival in America. The letter also alleges that Leeser withheld valid rebuttals from publication.

Letter from Priscilla J. Joachimsen to the President of the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society in New York City, dated January 5, 1891. The letter certifies that the number of children at the shelter exceeded the number of beds allowed by the New York City Board of Health. The letter bears the official gold seal of the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society.

Autograph letter from P. Levi to Isaac Leeser, dated January 7, 1840. Written from New York, New York, the letter requests the return of letters previously sent to Leeser. The letter is sent via unstamped cover.

A single-page letter written on October 1, 1850, by Mordecai Manuel Noah to his son, Jacob Noah. The letter, written in New York, New York, discusses family matters and business dealings, including advice on interacting with an important individual.

Autograph letter signed by D. Carvalho to Isaac Leeser, dated November 12, 1850. The letter was written from New York, New York, and discusses orders for books. A postmark indicates the letter was processed on October 15, 1851 in New York, New York.

Two-page letter written by Robert Lyon in New York to Rev. Sabato Morais, rabbi of Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia, on October 26, 1858. Lyon requests literary assistance from Morais. Lyon was a publisher of the *Asmonian* and editor of the *Mercantile Journal*.

Letter from M. William Leszynsky, physician, to the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society in New York, New York, dated November 30, 1893. The letter certifies that newly admitted children to the society's care are free from infectious diseases.

A four-page letter from Mrs. L. M. Ritterband of New York City to Isaac Leeser, dated December 13, 1857. Ritterband discusses her son, a skilled stone carver, who faces discrimination due to his Jewish faith, and appeals to Leeser to highlight her son's plight in his editorial work for the *Occident*. The letter also addresses themes of Jewish identity and the importance of trades for Jewish youth.

Two-page letter written by Dr. Sigismund Waterman to Isaac Leeser on July 19, 1849, in New York, New York. Waterman sharply criticizes Leeser's personal attacks and handling of debate, questioning Leeser's journalistic ethics and fairness. Waterman, the first Jewish medical graduate from Princeton, discusses his role as translator and future plans. The letter is marked as strictly confidential.

An invitation letter, dated February 14, 1851, from Henry Goldsmith to Isaac Leeser, inviting him to attend the laying of the cornerstone of Congregation B'nai Jeshurun in New York City on February 25, 1851, at 2:00 PM.

Letter from Simeon N. Leo, an insurance, note, and exchange broker in New York City, to Isaac Leeser, editor of The Occident, in Philadelphia. Dated February 8, 1864, the letter includes a ticket to a fundraiser at Niblo's Saloon to benefit an asylum for aged and infirm Jews. Leo requests a free advertisement in The Occident for the event.

Two-page letter from Morris J. Raphall (1798-1868) to Isaac Leeser, dated March 16, 1854. Written from New York City, the letter discusses Raphall's translation for publication in *The Occident*, his use of "you" vs. "thou," and his decision to postpone including material about Judah Touro (who died January 13, 1854). Raphall also requests a proof before publication.

Printed broadside letter dated March 20, 1861, from Myer S. Isaacs, on behalf of the Board of Delegates of American Israelites (119 West Houston Street, New York City), to the presidents of various congregations. The letter requests, for a second time, the names of delegates and other pertinent information needed for the organization of the Board. This demonstrates the challenges faced in establishing the Board of Delegates of American Israelites.

Letter written by David Judah to Isaac Leeser on April 12, 1849, concerning family matters. The letter was written from Baltimore, Maryland, and addressed to Leeser in either Philadelphia or New York. This letter is part of a larger collection of correspondence spanning several years, with a notable gap between 1831 and 1848.

Letter from Sigmund T. Meyer, secretary of Congregation Shaarey Tefila, to an unidentified recipient, informing them of the honor of lighting the Chanukah candle at the consecration ceremonies for the new synagogue at 243 Broadway, New York City. Dated April 27, 1869. The letter mentions that Congregation Shaarey Tefila was founded in 1845 as a breakaway from Bnai Jeshurun.

Printed broadside letter from the Committee of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York, dated January 7, 1839, seeking a teacher. The letter is in English and Hebrew.

A four-page letter written by Henry Goldsmith, a Hebrew school teacher, to Isaac Leeser in New York City on May 9, 1847. Goldsmith discusses his views on the English translation of Genesis 3:22 and proposes further reflections on scripture for publication in *The Occident*. This letter was published in *The Occident*, Volume 5, 1847.

Letter from Rabbi S.M. Isaacs, dated June 12, 1854, to the members of the Congregation Shaary Tefilla in New York. The letter discusses the contributions received for the relief of the famished Jews in Palestine. It lists over 130 donors and their contributions. The letter was printed on a single page and measures 9.5 inches by 8 inches.

Letter written by Myer S. Isaacs to Isaac Leeser on July 21, 1863, on the letterhead of "The Jewish Messenger." The letter acknowledges Leeser's request to convene a meeting of the "Board of Delegates." Isaacs, a prominent New York attorney and judge, discusses the request.

Two-page letter written by Raphael J. De Cordova in New York, New York, to Rabbi Sabato Morais in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 6, 1860. De Cordova seeks Morais's advice on transitioning his public lectures from humorous to serious topics focusing on the condition of Jews in civilized countries, specifically requesting input on the situation of Jews in Italy.

Letter of introduction from Adolph Langer to Isidore Loeb, dated July 6, 1880. The letter, written on Union of American Hebrew Congregations letterhead, concerns Loeb's introduction to the French Alliance Israélite Universelle. The letter references Langer's European trip and discusses the Board of Delegates of American Israelites and issues related to European Jewry.

A one-page letter written by M. M. Davis of New York, New York, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 9, 1866. Davis requests Leeser's assistance in finding a Catholic orphanage in Philadelphia to train a young girl in domestic service, citing Leeser's extensive connections with charitable institutions. He also inquires about Leeser's health. The letter includes a few lines of response in Leeser's handwriting.

This letter, dated August 26, 1851, was written by D. Lilienthal to Isaac Leeser from New York, New York. Lilienthal asks Leeser to help secure a teaching position for Dr. Zimmerman in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, referencing Leeser's previous assistance to Dr. Schwess. The letter highlights the network of support within the Jewish community at the time.

Letter from Raphael J. De Cordova to Sabato Morais discussing Morais' input on Jews in Italy and his upcoming lecture on the massacre of Jews in Syria. Written in New York and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on August 3, 1860.

Typed letter signed by Jacob H. Schiff on Kuhn, Loeb & Co. letterhead, expressing displeasure towards Sir Julian Goldsmid. Written in New York, New York on September 16, 1889.

One-page letter dated September 17, 1850, from Robert Lyon, publisher of The Asmonean, in New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia. The letter discusses an editorial in The Occident that attacked Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise and his Albany congregation, and Lyon seeks Leeser's help in absolving him of responsibility for the editorial. The letter quotes verbatim from the editorial.

A one-and-a-half-page letter written on the letterhead of Robbins, Calhoun & Co. in New York City, dated September 19, 1865. Philip Runkel writes to Isaac Leeser about his visit to New York City and his intention to interview hazanim (cantors) on behalf of the Hebrew Spanish-Portuguese Synagogue in New Orleans, Louisiana. Runkel conveys greetings from the synagogue's president, Mr. Levy.

Four-page letter dated September 5, 1849, from Eleazer Bloch in New York City to Reverend Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Bloch details the failure of his attempt to establish a classical school for Jewish children in New York City, discusses his new career as a commission merchant, and shares family news. The letter provides a rare glimpse into the challenges of establishing Jewish educational institutions in 19th-century New York.

A two-page letter written by Isaac Leeser in New York City to S. Wolff in Philadelphia on September 7, 1851. Leeser discusses his book business and lecture tour, including a cancelled booking in Syracuse and his plans to travel to Boston and other cities.

A holograph letter written in English and German by Isaac Leeser to Dr. J. Ridskopf on January 10, 1860. The letter is written on the verso of a broadside advertising Dr. J. Ridskopf's Select Male & Female Academy or Classical, English and Commercial Institute located at 88 West 25th Street, near 7th Avenue, New York, New York. The letter requests a notice in the newspaper and inquires about advertisement prices.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Hayman Levy in Camden, South Carolina, to Henry Tobias in New York City on January 19, 1843. The letter appears to discuss a potential marriage between Levy's daughter and an unnamed individual.

A half-page letter written in German by David Lilienthal in New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia on January 29, 1847. Lilienthal mentions a sermon he delivered in Augusta, a translation of which (likely by his brother Max) has been sent separately.

A one and a half page letter written in German (with English translation) from Isidor Bush in New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated February 16, 1849. Bush apologizes to Leeser for starting a competing Jewish weekly newspaper, *Israel's Herald*, expressing concern about its impact on Leeser's *The Occident*. Bush discusses the newspaper's short-lived existence and his subsequent move to St. Louis.

A two-page letter written by Moses Mendes Sollas of Kingston, Jamaica to Isaac Leeser in New York, New York on March 6, 1866. Sollas reflects on his life as a Jew in a predominantly Christian community, his relationship with Leeser as a spiritual mentor, and shares family news, including the marriage of his daughter and the engagement of two others. He also introduces a young friend, Mr. Lewin, seeking Leeser's assistance.

Autograph letter signed by Michael Nesbit to T. I. Tobias. Written in New York City on August 13, 1835. The letter contains both personal and business matters. Nesbit was a partner in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nesbit. This is one of three letters written in the same month.

A letter written by Michael Nesbet to T. I. Tobias on August 27, 1835, from New York City. The letter contains both personal and business matters, and references Nesbet's involvement in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nesbet. This is one of three letters exchanged between the two men in August 1835.

Autograph letter signed by Michael Nisbet to T. I. Tobias, written in New York City on August 28, 1835. The letter discusses both personal and business matters. Nisbet was a partner in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nisbet. This is one of three letters exchanged between the correspondents in August 1835. Nisbet was active in Jewish affairs.

Autograph letter signed by Samuel Marx to J. L. Jones, written in Richmond, Virginia on September 22, 1843. The letter discusses personal matters, and mentions Marx's position as President of the Bank of Virginia. The recipient's address appears to be New York, New York.

A three-page letter written by A. Kohn of Chicago, Illinois, to Isaac Leeser in New York City on September 23, 1849. Kohn expresses concerns about the state of Judaism in America, emphasizing the need for Jewish institutions such as hospitals, colleges, and Sabbath schools. He also discusses the attitudes of younger Jews and the lack of support from wealthy members of the community.

Three-page letter written by N. Phillips, Clerk at Congregation Shearith Israel in New York City, to Hersh Lehren of the Pekidim and Amarkalim Society in Amsterdam, Netherlands, dated March 1, 1846. The letter details the remittance of funds collected from sedaka boxes at Congregation Shearith Israel, Bet Haim cemetery, and other individuals for the benefit of the poor in the Holy Land. Contributors named include Gershom Kursheedt, H. Goldberg, and S. Abrahams. This letter exemplifies the organized international Jewish effort to aid the poor in Palestine.

This leather-bound private ledger, spanning the years 1880-1891, meticulously documents the business and personal transactions of R. Sidenberg. Entries detail dealings with individuals in New York, investments in California gold mining stock and various railroad companies, and even personal expenses like birthday gifts. The ledger, with over 300 pages of detailed accounts, reveals a significant net worth of $1,049,937.25 by 1890 and includes numerous transactions with other individuals identified as 'Sidenbergs'.

Printed promissory note dated December 23, 1772, in which Archibald Mercer loans Michael Gratz nine hundred and fifty-seven pounds and eight pence. The note is signed by Michael Gratz, Levy Andrew Levy, and Judah Philip. The verso details payments made on the loan. The note is from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with additional notations referencing New York, New York.

A $1000 bond issued by the Comstock Tunnel Company on September 1, 1889, due September 1, 1919, with a 4% interest rate. The bond is signed by Theodor Sutro, brother of Adolph Sutro, the founder of the company. As of October 12, 1891, 55 coupons remained.

An unfilled check drawn on the Leather Manufacturers' National Bank by De Cordova, Olendorf & Co. The check is undated, but other evidence suggests it dates from around 1875. The check was issued in New York City.

Check drawn on Northrup & Chick, bankers, payable to G. W. Pritchett for an unspecified amount. The check is signed by L. H. Hershfield & Bros. and bears a revenue stamp. Dated January 18, 1869. The Merchants National Bank of Helena, Montana, was originally established as L.H. Hershfield and Co. in Virginia City, Montana Territory, and for many years operated as L.H. Hershfield and Bro. It went into receivership in 1897.

Check issued by the New York branch of Rothschild Brothers, Paris, dated January 3, 1841, and made payable to J. M. Cohn. The check bears the endorsement of August Belmont on the reverse.

Check issued by G. B. Lichtenberg firm, located at 64, 66 & 66 Congress Street East, New York, New York, dated January 4, 1871. The check includes a revenue stamp.

Printed check signed by Edward Goldschmidt. The check features "EDWARD GOLDSHMIDT, RECEIVER" on the side and "NATIONAL BANK OF NORTH AMERICA IN NEW YORK" across the front. Dated October 13, 1897.

Check issued by DeWitt Clinton, as Mayor of New York City, payable to Goodheart & Hays for 'City Watch' on October 20, 1811. The check is endorsed by Jacob Hays.

Check drawn by Benjamin Hart on Joseph Houston, dated October 26, 1815, in New York, New York. The check shows a countersignature on the back.

Check issued by the New York City branch of N.M. Rothschild & Sons on October 31, 1843, payable to P.R. Poland & Sons. The check is endorsed on the front and back by August Belmont. This check represents a financial transaction within the context of 19th-century American finance, involving prominent figures like August Belmont and the Rothschild banking house.

Check issued by the New York branch of N. M. Rothschild & Sons on November 9, 1844, payable to Joseph Brothers and endorsed by August Belmont. The check is part of the financial records related to Belmont's activities in New York City.

Check drawn on the National Broadway Bank, New York City, dated December 31, 1868, and endorsed by Albert Cardoza. The check was for judicial salaries. Albert Cardoza was the father of Supreme Court Justice Benjamin Cardozo and had connections to Tammany Hall.

Check issued by the New York branch of Theodore Vietor & Duckwitz to Joseph Jacobs on December 4, 1842. The check is endorsed on the front and back by Joseph Jacobs.

Check signed by Benjamin Altman, dated December 5, 1905. Altman's small dry goods store, opened in New York City in 1865, became the third largest in the city during his lifetime. The store was incorporated in 1913.

A check for $10,000, dated February 1, 1862, issued by Lewis I. Cohen to Broadway Bank in New York City. The check is also signed by New York City Mayor George Opdyke and is related to revenue bonds. Cohen was known for his involvement in Jewish affairs.

Promissory note made out to Joseph Jacobs from P. R. Polond of London, dated February 26, 1841, in New York, New York. The note represents a financial transaction between the two individuals.

A check drawn on February 7, 1906, by Benjamin Altman and made payable to Lich & Co. The check is drawn on the Chemical National Bank of New York City. The check is endorsed.

A check for $7.00 drawn on the Merchants National Bank of Helena, Montana, on March 12, 1883. The check was written by William M. McCormick to Kountze Brothers. Aaron Hershfield is listed as the cashier. This check is part of a larger collection documenting the history of the Merchants National Bank, originally founded by Lewis H. Hershfield.

Check issued by I. M. Oppenheim & Co. to Francis Degen on May 10, 1849 in New York, New York. The check is endorsed.

This financial record from May 22, 1885, documents a transaction between L. Woldenberg & Co. and B. Blumenthal & Co. in San Francisco, California. The document includes a revenue stamp and notations indicating ASD...BLUMENTHAL. The record is part of the Morgenstern Family Papers.

Check drawn on Adolphus Meier & Co., dated June 1, 1841, and signed by H. Shurlds. The check is from New York, New York.

Check drawn on Kaufmann & Bondy, dated June 14, 1879, and paid to Greenwood & Bohm in Helena, Montana. The check is a financial record related to Kaufmann Bros. and Goodman, Bohm & Co. in New York, New York.

Check issued to Jacob Hays, High Constable of New York City, on June 30, 1828 for the amount of $125.00. The check is drawn on the City of New York and signed by William Paulding Jr., as Mayor.

A personal check jointly signed by Isaac Hahn and M. Opper, dated June 6, 1876. The check was printed by the National Bank Note Company and issued in Providence, Rhode Island. Additional information indicates an October 12, 1889 date related to this check and its connection to New York, New York.

Check drawn on the New York City branch of N.M. Rothschild & Sons, London, dated August 12, 1850, and made out to I.D. Kohler and Sons. The check is endorsed on the front and back. August Belmont, Sr., the American representative of the Rothschild family's banking house, is discussed in the donor's description.

Check dated September 12, 1839, made out to J. R. Poland & Sons in New York, New York. The check was issued by Herman Sillem.

Bill of exchange for $193.18, due in sixty days, issued by the Otsego County Bank on September 20, 1855. The bill is signed by L. Eppstein, M.W. Strauss, Herman Bacharach, and two other illegible signatories.

Check drawn on the New York City branch of J. W. Schmidt & Vogel, London, and made payable to Joseph Brothers on September 29, 1847, in New York, New York.

Stock certificate for 40 shares of common stock in the May Department Stores Company, issued to Leah C. Nathan on December 30, 1926. The certificate is signed by the vice president.

Page 3 of the *Daily Advertiser*, a newspaper published in New York, New York on October 29, 1795. This page features advertisements for dry goods, auctions (including real estate), and liquor. Mentioned businesses include Moses, Isaac & Sons, Hart, Ephraim, and Zuntz (or Zunz), Alexander.

Newspaper issue of The Daily Advertiser, published in New York City on November 23, 1792. Contains numerous advertisements from Jewish merchants.

Issue of the Daily Advertiser newspaper published in New York, New York on May 19, 1801. This issue features advertisements for dry goods stores and books, and mentions Moses, Isaac & Sons, Meyers A, Meyers M, and Gomez, Benjamin.

Issue of the New-York Gazette newspaper published in New York, New York on October 9, 1758. This issue includes a full-page advertisement for Simons, who recently arrived from London, offering various goods and services. The newspaper also mentions several individuals: Simons, Levy, Samuel Judah, Emanuel Abrahams, and Hayman Levy. Hayman Levy is noted for his patriotism during the Revolutionary War and the French and Indian War, his ownership of a privateer, and his presidency of Shearith Israel Synagogue in New York City.

Issue of the New-York Mercury newspaper published in New York, New York on November 8, 1756. Includes advertisements for Gomez and Hays, a distinguished merchant and constable who served in the French and Indian Wars.

Newspaper advertisement from the May 3, 1817, edition of the New-York Columbian, announcing the sale of medical lotteries by Judah & Lazarus. Published in New York, New York, United States.

This item contains a page from the *New-York Journal & Patriotic Register*, published in New York, New York on February 18, 1792. The page features advertisements, including one in English and another in French, for an auction service offered by a merchant. The merchant is noted as being well-known and involved in a commercial dispute with Thomas Jefferson.

Newspaper advertisement from the *New-York Journal & Patriotic Register*, published in New York, New York on March 24, 1792. The advertisement offers auction services in both English and French. It also includes ads for books and stationery from a merchant involved in a commercial dispute with Thomas Jefferson, and is noted as being the first Jewish book dealer in the USA.

Newspaper advertisement from the *New-York Journal & Patriotic Register*, April 4, 1792, featuring two advertisements. One is in English and the other in French, offering auction services. The advertisement also mentions a well-known merchant involved in a commercial dispute with Thomas Jefferson, and an advertisement for books and stationery from the first Jewish book dealer in the USA.

Issue of the New-York Journal & Patriotic Register newspaper published in New York, New York on April 7, 1792. This issue contains advertisements, including one in English and one in French offering auction services from a well-known merchant involved in a commercial dispute with Thomas Jefferson. An advertisement for books and stationery is also present, mentioning the first Jewish book dealer in the USA.

Issue of the New-York Journal & Patriotic Register newspaper published in New York, New York on May 16, 1792. This issue contains an advertisement for books and stationery, notably mentioning the first Jewish book dealer in the USA.

Issue of the New-York Journal & Patriotic Register newspaper published in New York, New York on June 30, 1792. This issue contains advertisements, including one in English and another in French, for an auction service offered by a well-known merchant. The issue also contains material related to a commercial dispute involving Thomas Jefferson.

Issue of the New-York Journal & Patriotic Register newspaper, published in New York, New York on June 6, 1792. This issue includes advertisements, one in English and one in French, for the auction services of a merchant involved in a commercial dispute with Thomas Jefferson.

Issue of the New-York Journal & Patriotic Register newspaper published in New York, New York on June 9, 1792. This issue features advertisements, including one in English and another in French, for auction services from a well-known merchant involved in a commercial dispute with Thomas Jefferson. It also includes an advertisement for books and stationery from what is considered the first Jewish book dealer in the USA.

Issue of the *Public Advertiser*, a New York City newspaper, published on January 7, 1809. This issue contains advertisements for Myers & Judah, including their auction of property and their offices located at 150 Pearl Street, as well as a pawnbroker advertisement for Benjamin Gomez at 74 Maiden Lane.

Newspaper issue of the *Public Advertiser*, published in New York, New York on January 9, 1809. The issue features advertisements from Myers & Judah, including a long list of items for sale and an auction announcement. A prominent pawnbroker advertisement for Benjamin Gomez at 74 Maiden Lane is also present.

Issue of the New-York Spectator newspaper from June 5, 1811, reporting on the killing of Richard Bowden by Samuel Myers in New York City. The article details the circumstances surrounding the event, including the role of Bowden's father, Moses Myers, and the location of the incident in Norfolk, Virginia.

Issue of the New York Tribune newspaper published on August 6, 1853, announcing the Woman's Rights Convention to be held in New York City on September 6th and 7th, 1853. The newspaper includes ten resolutions from the convention and mentions Ernestine Rose's role as first vice president. Published in New York, New York.

Newspaper clipping from the New York Tribune, September 10, 1853, extensively covering the Woman's Rights Convention held in New York City on September 6th and 7th, 1853. The article highlights the election of Ernestine Rose as first vice president and includes excerpts from her speech advocating for women's property rights. The ten resolutions adopted by the convention are also detailed.

Newspaper page from Harper's Weekly, published in New York, New York on November 3, 1866, featuring a full-page illustration of the Philadelphia Athletics and the Atlantic Club of Brooklyn baseball teams. The image prominently features Lipman Pike, one of the first professional Jewish baseball players.

Issue of the New-York Journal & Patriotic Register newspaper published in New York, New York on November 9, 1791. This issue includes advertisements from Gomez and Nathan, notably a bilingual (English and French) advertisement by Nathan. The newspaper also contains the first official U.S. Census compiled by Thomas Jefferson.

Issue of the New York Clipper newspaper from October 5, 1867, featuring a major biographical sketch and obituary of Izzy Lazarus (1812-1867), a renowned Jewish American boxer, trainer, and promoter. The newspaper also includes a report on Lipman Pike (1845-1893), the first Jewish baseball player, who played for the Mutuals against the Eckfords.

Issue of the New York Clipper newspaper from December 5, 1857, featuring a box score of a baseball game between the National Baseball Club of Brooklyn and the Montaue Baseball Club of Bedford. The game is notable for the participation of Boaz Pike, brother of Lip Pike, the first known Jewish professional baseball player. Published in New York, New York.

Newspaper clipping from the February 4, 1882, edition of the New York Clipper featuring a short article about Lipman Pike, a Jewish baseball player, hitting a record number of home runs in a single game. The article notes he played for the Athletics in a game against the Alerts in Philadelphia on July 16, 1866, hitting six home runs, five consecutively. Published in New York, New York.

Newspaper clipping from the August 19, 1865, edition of the New York Tribune featuring a baseball box score. The score highlights the performance of Lipman and Benjamin Pike, both playing for the Atlantics. Published in New York, New York, United States.

A reprint of a proclamation issued by Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, declaring March 27, 1863, as a day of prayer. The reprint appeared in the New York Herald on April 4, 1863. The original proclamation was reprinted from the Richmond Enquirer on February 28, 1863. The proclamation is notable for its nondenominational nature.

Newspaper clipping from the *New-York Journal and Weekly Register*, dated January 13, 1785, announcing the death of Haym Salomon a week prior and his burial in the synagogue grounds. The clipping also includes advertisements by Isaac Moses and Judah. Published in New York, New York.

This is a clipping from the New-York Times newspaper, published on May 26, 1871, in New York, New York. The article discusses baseball player Lipman Pike's performance, including his hitting record and the high attendance at the game.

This is a newspaper clipping from the *New-York Mirror*, dated February 21, 1835, featuring an article by Mordecai Manuel Noah titled "Advice to Parents on How to Bring Up Children." The article is part of Volume XII, #34 of the newspaper and discusses fashionable parties, late hours, and child-rearing practices. Published in New York, New York.

Issue of the New-York Mirror newspaper from March 28, 1835, featuring Mordecai Manuel Noah's morality story, "A Day at Carthage." Published in New York, New York.

This newspaper clipping from the March 7, 1835, edition of the *New-York Mirror* features an article by Mordecai Manuel Noah titled "The Bashful Man." The article offers advice to parents on raising children. This is Volume XII, #36 of the periodical.

Issue #45, Volume XII of the New-York Mirror newspaper, published in New York, New York on May 9, 1835. This issue features a morality story titled "The City Gentleman & Country Girl."

Issue of the New-York Enquirer newspaper published in New York, New York on February 2, 1828. This issue mentions Mordecai Manuel Noah.

Issue of the New-York Enquirer newspaper published in New York, New York on February 4, 1828. This issue features an article about Mordecai Manuel Noah, a prominent Jewish figure of his time.

Issue of the New-York Enquirer newspaper published in New York, New York on February 7, 1828. This issue contains an article mentioning Mordecai Manuel Noah.

This is a page from the April 2, 1828, edition of the New-York Enquirer, a newspaper published in New York, New York. The page features an advertisement by L.I. Cohen for a pencil and crayon manufactory located at 72 William Street. It also mentions Mordecai Manuel Noah, a prominent Jewish figure.

Issue of the New-York Enquirer newspaper published in New York, New York on April 8, 1828. This issue contains an article mentioning Mordecai Manuel Noah, a prominent Jewish figure.

Issue of the New-York Enquirer newspaper from May 14, 1828, published in New York, New York. The issue contains an article about Mordecai Manuel Noah.

Newspaper clipping from the *New-York Mirror*, March 14, 1835, featuring an editorial piece titled "A Bashful Woman" by Mordecai Manuel Noah. Published in New York, New York.

This is an excerpt from the *New-York Mirror*, a periodical published in New York City on March 21, 1835. The excerpt features an editorial by Mordecai Manuel Noah titled "A Chapter on Gambling."

Newspaper clipping from the *New-York Mirror*, March 28, 1835, featuring an editorial piece titled "A Day at Carthage." The clipping is from Volume F, Page 20 of the archival collection.

This is a newspaper clipping from the March 7, 1835, edition of the *New-York Mirror*. The clipping features an editorial story titled "A Bashful Man". Published in New York, New York.

Issue of the New-York Enquirer newspaper published in New York, New York, on April 15, 1828. The newspaper includes an advertisement for the Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun presidential campaign, as well as a 'House to Let' advertisement by M. Myers.

Newspaper article from the October 19, 1844 edition of *The Anglo-American*, published in New York, New York, detailing the 23rd anniversary dinner of the Hebrew Benevolent Society. The article names M.M. Noah (President) and A.H. Lissac (Vice President), along with the managers: Lionel A. Myers, Mark Levy, Louis Genslers, Solomon I. Hart, and Solomon Joseph.

Newspaper clipping from the *Christian Inquirer*, published in New York, New York on February 11, 1854. The clipping features an extensive and complimentary article about the bequests of Judah Touro.

Newspaper clipping from the *Christian Inquirer*, published in New York, New York on June 17, 1854. This clipping features a column on the funeral of Judah Touro in Rhode Island, including an eulogy by Isaac Leeser. Volume VIII, page 36.

Issue of Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper published in New York, New York on April 5, 1862. This issue contains a lengthy obituary, notes on the War of 1812, details about a two-year period as a prisoner of war, the purchase of Monticello, the abolishment of flogging, the gift of a Jefferson statue to Congress, and a review of the recently published "Manual of Rules and Regulations for Ships of War."

Article and illustration from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper covering Sir Moses Montefiore's 99th birthday. Published in New York, New York on November 17, 1883.

Newspaper article from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, published March 3, 1860 in New York, New York. The article features Rabbi Morris Jacob Raphall of the Great Synagogue in New York City and includes a picture.

Newspaper clipping from the September 11, 1790, edition of the *Gazette of the United States*, featuring a letter from Moses Seixas, Grand Master of King David's Masonic Lodge in Newport, Rhode Island, to President George Washington, and Washington's reply. Published in New York, New York.

Newspaper clipping from the *Gazette of the United States*, June 19, 1790, featuring a letter from Levi Sheftel, President of the Savannah, Georgia Hebrew Congregation, to President George Washington, and Washington's reply. This is considered the first published example of Jewish support for the newly elected President of the United States. The item consists of two folio leaves (16.25 x 10 inches).

Newspaper issue of the *Gazette of the United States*, published in New York, New York on September 15, 1790. This issue features a significant exchange of letters between Moses Seixas of the Newport, Rhode Island Hebrew Congregation and President George Washington. Seixas' letter congratulates Washington on his inauguration, and Washington's reply is a landmark statement on religious tolerance and the principles of the new American government. The complete text of both letters is included.

Single page from the periodical *Judge*, published in New York, New York, on January 1, 1902. The page features an article titled "Secretary Hay's Note and the Jewish Question" and includes five unflattering photographs of Jews in New York City. The article exhibits antisemitic sentiments.

Two-page article from the November 26, 1898, issue of *Harper's Weekly*, covering the Second Zionist Congress held in Basel, Switzerland. The article includes four photographs, one of which depicts Theodor Herzl speaking.

Issue of Harper's Weekly newspaper published in New York, New York on February 18, 1882. This issue features an article and accompanying illustration about Russian exiles arriving in New York City.

This is an article from Harper's Weekly, published July 6, 1872, featuring a drawing of the Central Synagogue located at 55th and Lexington Street in New York, New York. The article is approximately one-quarter of a page in length.

Newspaper page from Harper's Weekly, published in New York, New York on September 14, 1872. The page features a full-page illustration and a small article, notably including a depiction of 'Jews Drinking Mineral Water' in Central Park.

Issue of the Hebrew Leader, a weekly newspaper published in New York, New York, on September 29, 1865. This four-page newspaper contains Jewish news from across the USA, including reports on new synagogues, obituaries, and letters to the editor. It also features a significant number of advertisements and is interspersed with German text. Founded in 1859, the paper ceased publication on December 8, 1882.

Issue of the Hebrew Leader, a weekly newspaper published in New York City, dated December 25, 1868. This issue contains Jewish news from across the USA, including reports on new synagogues, obituaries, and letters to the editor. It also features a significant amount of advertising.

A half-page color cartoon from the January 1, 1902 issue of *Judge* magazine, published in New York, New York. The cartoon is antisemitic in nature, depicting Jewish individuals in a negative and stereotypical manner. The caption reads, "It was dangerous to say 'money.' Shows Jews sick; in bed."

A half-page color cartoon from the January 1, 1903, issue of the American humor magazine *Judge*, depicting Israelstein, a clothes merchant, "clinching a deal." The cartoon is overtly antisemitic.

A color cartoon from the June 6, 1903, issue of *Judge* magazine. The cartoon depicts the Kishinev pogrom, showing a scene of violence against Jews in Russia. The caption reads "Guilty & Unpunished."

A full-page color cartoon from the July 22, 1882, issue of *The Judge* newspaper, depicting an antisemitic caricature of New York City in 1900, titled "The New Jerusalem, Formerly New York." The cartoon satirizes Jewish immigration and depicts a scene on Broadway.

A full-page print from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, dated September 29, 1860, depicting the consecration of the "Gates of Israel" at Congregation Shearith Israel in New York City on September 12, 1860. Published in New York, New York.

Five-page article titled "The Jews of Wall Street" from the January 1905 issue of Leslie's Monthly Magazine. The article includes photographs of prominent figures. Published in New York, New York.

Issue of the National Advocate newspaper published in New York, New York on July 16, 1818. This is notable as the first newspaper published by a Jew in the USA. The issue contains advertisements from Lazarus & Judah (selling lotteries), Myers, and H. Hendricks.

Newspaper clipping from the *New-York American*, October 10, 1826, detailing a Hebrew wedding in London. The article is found on page 2, column 6.

Issue of the New-York Tribune newspaper published in New York, New York on January 5, 1861. This issue includes a summary of Reverend Dr. Raphael's misunderstood sermon on slavery.

Newspaper clipping from the New York Herald, dated April 21, 1865, detailing funeral services held for Abraham Lincoln in New York City. The article specifically mentions services at Bnai Israel, Bikur Cholim U. Kadisha, and Shaari Zedek synagogues, providing details of the sermons and events.

This item contains a section from the May 2, 1875, edition of the New York Herald newspaper. The excerpt focuses on a summary of Reverend S. M. Isaacs' sermon delivered at a 44th Street Synagogue in New York City. The page also features numerous Jewish advertisements.

Newspaper clipping from the *New-York Journal & Patriotic Register*, June 22, 1790, featuring a letter from Levi Sheftel, President of the Hebrew Congregation in Savannah, Georgia, to President George Washington, along with Washington's reply. This is an early printing of this correspondence, discussing religious toleration in the newly formed United States.

Issue of The New-York Journal & Patriotic Register newspaper from September 17, 1790, featuring a letter from Moses Seixas of the Newport, Rhode Island Congregation to President George Washington, along with Washington's reply. This correspondence is considered highly significant in American Jewish history. Published in New York, New York.

Article from the New-York Observer, dated December 23, 1848, covering Mordecai Manuel Noah's address at a Hebrew Synagogue. Noah discusses his reasons for establishing a homeland for Jews in the United States. The article transitions into a Christian sermon.

Newspaper clipping from the *New-York Times*, published in New York, New York, on January 5, 1861. The clipping summarizes a sermon by Rev. Dr. Raphael on slavery, which was apparently misunderstood. The article appears on page 3, occupying approximately 1.5 columns.

Newspaper clipping from the *New York Times*, November 28, 1862, summarizing a sermon delivered by Reverend Morris Jacob Raphall at Congregation B'nai Jeshurun in New York, New York. The clipping details the sermon's location at Green Street between Bleecker Street.

This newspaper clipping from the March 23, 1864, edition of the New-York Times details the Purim Association's annual Grand Fancy Dress Ball. The article, approximately three-quarters of a column, describes the ball as the third in a series, with previous events held at Irving Hall (1862) and the Academy of Music. An advertisement for B. L. Solomon & Sons (formerly Solomon & Hart), furniture covering merchants at 369 Broadway, appears on the second page.

This newspaper clipping from the November 16, 1855, edition of the New-York Tribune reports on the 34th anniversary of the Hebrew Benevolent Society. The article includes excerpts from speeches and mentions numerous names. Published in New York, New York.

Newspaper clipping from the *New-York Mirror*, February 22, 1840, featuring a response to a reader's question about the biblical history of Jewish marriage. Published in New York, New York. The article appears on page 278, column 1.

Issue of The New York Mirror, and Ladies' Literary Gazette newspaper published in New York, New York on September 26, 1829. This issue contains a steel engraving of the Elm Street Synagogue and a three-inch article about its construction and use by German and Polish Jews beginning in the summer of 1826. This may be the earliest known image of the second congregation in New York City.

Full-page color cartoon from the February 6, 1884, issue of *Puck*, a satirical weekly magazine published in New York City. The cartoon, titled "The Tammany Fagin and His Pupils," depicts Tammany Hall politicians as pupils of Fagin, presented as a Hasidic Jew with Tammany funds in his pocket. The image is overtly antisemitic.

A double-page, color cartoon from the July 29, 1891 issue of *Puck*, a satirical weekly newspaper published in New York City. The cartoon depicts a caricature of a Jewish person surrounded by figures representing historical persecutors, accompanied by a poem emphasizing the theme of enduring persecution.

A full-page color cartoon from the August 12, 1884, issue of the satirical weekly *Puck*, published in New York, New York. The cartoon, titled "When honest men fall out thieves have to suffer," depicts Mrs. Mandelbaum, a receiver of stolen goods, and is overtly antisemitic.

Newspaper clipping from *The Spectator*, published in New York, New York on December 6, 1797. The clipping contains an obituary, mentioning a person who died at age 78, possibly the father of Raphael and grandfather of Jacob. The obituary is located on page 3, column 3.

Newspaper clipping from The Independent, a Christian newspaper published in New York, New York, on April 18, 1861. The clipping includes a sermon "On the War" by Henry Ward Beecher and an article on the state of Jews in America, specifically focusing on German Jews and their socio-economic conditions.

Color postcard depicting a market scene on Hester Street in New York City. The postcard is used, but in good condition. Published circa 1908.

Stereoscopic view card depicting L. M. Cohen's store at 238 Bowery, New York, New York. The reverse of the card displays an advertisement for the store, listing various items sold, including albums, jewelry, toilet sets, satchels, bird cages, dolls, toys, wagons, and musical instruments. The date of the photograph is unknown, but it is likely from around 1875.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting the storefront of Z. Rosman's New York Clothing House in New York, New York. The image also shows a dentist's office, M.A. Carman, on the second floor at 205 Main St., Canandaigua, New York. The photograph is undated, but circa 1890.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting the Bowery in New York City, New York. The image is in color and shows the Bowery as it appeared circa 1910. The card indicates that the photo shows the "FAMOUS BOWERY AS IT IS TODAY."

Color stereoscopic view card depicting a market scene under the East River Bridge in New York City. The photograph was likely taken around 1910.

Two cabinet photographs depicting the same, well-dressed Jewish man at different life stages. The first shows a bust portrait of the man in his early forties, while the second shows him seated, holding a book, in his early fifties. Both images are marked on the back with "WENDEL SUCCESSOR TO NEWMAN..13 AVE. A, NYC." The photographs are undated but are presumed to be from circa 1885 based on photographic style and studio information. These photographs are part of the E Collection.

Cabinet photograph depicting a well-dressed Jewish man wearing a skullcap, seated in a chair and holding a piece of paper. The image was taken at the Newman Photographic Art Studio, located at 13 Avenue A, New York City. The photograph is undated, but is estimated to be circa 1885.

Color postcard depicting a Jewish store in the Jewish Quarter of New York City. Part of the U.S. Series 109/4. Published circa 1904.

Stereoscopic card depicting the Jewish Synagogue located at 5th Avenue and 43rd Street in New York City. Published by E. & H. T. Anthony & Co., 591 Broadway, opposite the Metropolitan Hotel, New York City. This is considered the earliest known stereo view of this famous synagogue. Published circa 1870.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting Mikveh Israel Synagogue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The image, part of the 'Philadelphia Series #44' by B. Ropes & Co., shows the synagogue in the Moorish style. The photograph is undated, but is circa 1875.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting Congregation Emanu-El in New York, New York, circa 1885. The image shows the congregation's Moorish-style building located on Fifth Avenue and 43rd Street, designed by Leopold Eidlitz. This building is described as "a vivid combination of Viollet-le-Duc's structural theories and Saracenic ornament" (Robert A. M. Stern, Gregory Gilmartin, and Thomas Mellins, *New York 1930, Architecture and Urbanism between the Two World Wars*, Rizzoli International, 1987). The photograph is part of the School Set Series II, No. 37.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting a scene on the Lower East Side of New York City. Published by the Keystone View Company circa 1897.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting Temple Emanu-El in New York, New York. The photograph, likely a stereo card, shows exterior views of the synagogue. It was taken circa 1880.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting a street scene in the tenement district of New York, New York. The photograph is in color and was likely taken circa 1910.

Stereoscopic view card depicting immigrants landing from a barge at Ellis Island, New York. Published by the Keystone View Company, circa 1914. Part of the Judaica Americana collection.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) portrait photograph of Philip Phillips (December 17, 1807 - January 14, 1884), an American lawyer and politician. The photograph is attributed to E. & H. T. Anthony & Co. and was likely taken in New York, New York, sometime around 1860. Phillips served as a U.S. Representative from Alabama and was a prominent lawyer in Washington, D.C., significantly involved in political events surrounding the American Civil War. He was also the secretary of the Reformed Society of Israelites.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) photograph of Solomon Van Etten. Bust view. New York, New York. Circa 1860. The photograph is part of the collection of Judaica Americana. The image shows a man in a formal pose, likely a portrait. The photographer was J. H. Whitley & Co.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) photograph of Judah P. Benjamin. Printed by Chas. Magnus, 12 Frankfort Street, New York City. Undated, but likely between 1860-1865 based on the style and known activities of Benjamin.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) photograph of Adah Isaacs Menken as Mazeppa. The photograph was taken by Charles D. Fredricks & Co. in New York, New York, in 1863.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) portrait photograph of Madeline Henriques. The imprint on the back of the mount reads "Brady's Broadway & 10th, NYC." Madeline Henriques debuted in "The Model Hypocrite" at Wallack's Theatre in Manhattan in 1860. Her father was David H. Henriques of the West Indies. She married Louis Jennings in 1867.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) photograph of Mrs. Beilmer. The back of the photograph features a full advertisement for Bogardus & Bendann Brothers, located at 1115 Broadway, near 27th Street, in New York, New York. The photograph is undated, but based on the style and the advertisement, it is likely from around 1875.

Carte de visite photograph of Mr. Beilmer. The back of the photograph features an advertisement for Bogardus, located at 963 Broadway near Franklin Street in New York, New York. The photograph is undated, but based on the style and the advertisement, it is likely from around 1875.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) portrait photograph of Yetta Moore. The verso of the photograph displays an advertisement for Aschhoff & Fricke, located at 50 Bowery, New York City. The photograph is dated circa 1875.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) portrait photograph of Madeline Henriques, taken by Gurney at 5th Avenue and 16th Street in New York City. The photograph shows a full-sitting view of the subject. The image is undated, but based on the subject's lifespan and the photographic style, it is estimated to date from around 1875.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) portrait photograph of Leopold Damrosch. The photograph was taken by Benjamin Joseph Falk at his studio located at 347 East 14th Street in New York, NY. The photograph is undated, but based on other materials in this collection appears to date from around 1876.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) portrait photograph of Eduard Reményi, a Hungarian violinist. The photograph was taken by Benjamin Joseph Falk at his studio at 347 East 14th Street in New York City. The image shows Reményi in a seated pose, holding a violin. The photograph is part of a collection assembled by F.L.H. Fribourg, circa 1876.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) photograph depicting Morris J. Cohen and Frank E. Polk with their dogs. The photograph was taken on June 8, 1897, in New York City. The inscription indicates a planned walk from New York City to San Francisco, to be completed by January 7, 1898.

Cabinet photograph depicting a scene from David Belasco's play *May Blossom* at the Madison Square Theatre in New York, New York, on January 13, 1908. The photograph, possibly a publicity piece, is mounted on board. It is noted for being one of the first plays to command $5.00 tickets.

Cabinet photograph depicting the Levy Sisters and a newsboy in New York, New York. The photograph appears to be a color image showing well-dressed sisters in tights. Date of creation is estimated to be around 1890.

Cabinet photograph depicting a newsboy and the Levy Sisters. The photograph was taken in New York, New York, United States, sometime around 1890. The image shows the sisters, who appear well-fed, wearing tights.

Carte de visite photograph of Lulu Glaser in costume as a newsboy. Published by Newsboy. The photograph is signed. Taken in New York, New York in 1910.

A photographic portrait of Louise Beaton in character as Rachel Goldstein. The photograph appears to be related to Yiddish theater. Created circa 1910.

A cabinet card photograph of Solomon Stein, taken in New York, New York on October 3, 1907. The photograph appears to be a police mug shot, noting that Stein was arrested for burglary. Additional information indicates he was born in Russia and used the alias "Nigger".

Black and white police mug shot photograph of Abraham Roth, arrested for homicide in New York City on July 28, 1910. Born in Romania.

Black and white police mug shot photograph of Louis Cohen, arrested as a pickpocket in New York City on September 6, 1907. The photograph notes that Cohen was born in New York City and used the alias Harry Ineuberg.

Sheet music for the song "A Brivele fun der Heim" (A Letter from Home), words and music by Doctor Rubin, arranged by H. A. Russotta. Published by the Hebrew Publishing Co., 50-52 Eldridge St., New York, New York, circa 1900.

Sheet music for the song "A Freilichs," with words and music by J. Rumshisky. Arranged by an unknown arranger and sung by K. Lipzin at the Lipzin Theatre in "The White Slave." Published by the Hebrew Publishing Co. in New York, New York in 1910. Advertisements are present on the back.

Sheet music for the song "A Gut Masoldig" by D. Meyerowitz, arranged by D. Hornstein. Sung by William Schwartz. Published in New York, New York in 1915 by the Hebrew Publishing Co., 50-52 Eldridge St. Advertisements are present on the front and back covers.

Sheet music for the song "Shalach Monos" by S. Mogulesco, arranged by J.M. Rumshisky. Published by the Hebrew Publishing Co., 50-52 Eldridge St., New York, New York in 1914.

Sheet music for the song 'It Is the Chime!' composed by Benjamin S. Hart. Published by Atwill at 201 Broadway, New York City in 1845. Includes a romantic drawing.

Sheet music for "Jephtha's Daughter" from the Hebrew Melodies. Composed by John Braham and Isaac Nathan. Published in Boston by C. Bradlee circa 1835. Additional publication information indicates editions published by E.S. Mesier, Braham & Nathan in New York, New York, undated. WorldCat indicates only one copy of this edition exists.

Sheet music for the song 'Light May the Boat Row', composed by Jonas Phillips. Published in New York City in 1836. The sheet music indicates that the song was performed at the Park Theatre and in concerts. The composer is identified as the grandson of Jonas Phillips, who served in the Revolutionary War, and a member of an important Philadelphia family. The sheet music includes a print of Castle Garden.

Sheet music for "Maud Waltz" composed by J. Levy, the Celebrated Cornet Player. Published by Wm. A. Pond & Co. in New York, New York in 1869. Includes a color lithograph portrait of a young woman.

Sheet music for two pieces by Louis Moreau Gottschalk: Murmures Eoliens and Pastorella e Cavaliere. Published by William Hall & Son in New York, New York, circa 1862. The music reflects Gottschalk's Creole-influenced style, blending European classical forms with Caribbean folk music.

Sheet music for "Purim Quadrilles as Played at the Purim Ball, Academy of Music, March 5, 1863," composed by Meyer S. Isaacs and published by William A. Pond & Co. in New York, New York in 1863. The sheet music is dedicated "to my mother" and features a cover illustration depicting a Purim celebration. This was the second annual grand fancy dress ball held by the Purim Association in New York City, and the first held at the Academy of Music.

Sheet music for "To Mademoiselle Rachel...Rachel Polka," published in New York, New York in 1855. The sheet music features a large colored lithograph. Mademoiselle Rachel was a world-famous French/Jewish actress (1820-1858).

Sheet music for "The Hebrew Fancy Ball," published by Richard Saalfield in New York, New York in 1898. The music contains antisemitic caricatures.

Sheet music commemorating Mr. and Mrs. Strauss, who perished in the Titanic disaster. Published in New York, New York by the New York Hebrew Publishing Co. in 1912. The sheet music features a blue and white art cover depicting a ship sinking and a picture of the Strauss couple. Text is primarily in Yiddish.

This trade card advertises Griggs, Zabriskie & Lovell, importers and dealers in teas, coffees, and spices. The front of the card displays elegant lettering announcing the business name and the goods they offered. The address is clearly printed as "252 Washington Street, between Murray and Robinson Sts." The card is printed on shiny stock. Handwriting on the back of the card indicates a date, suggesting it may have been kept as a personal record. The back of the card is not fully visible in the provided image.

This trade card advertises S. Bachman, a traveling merchant specializing in silk shawls and dress goods. The card is printed in black ink on white card stock. The text indicates that Bachman traveled from New York, and the card likely dates from the mid-19th century based on the style of the text. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the legal firm of Van Buren & Seixas, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, located at 237 Broadway, over the Broadway Bank, in New York City. The front of the card features the firm's name and address in a simple, elegant typeface. The back of the card is blank. [Gershom A. Seixas was the grandson of Gershom Mendes Seixas.]

This trade card advertises Eleazer Block, an importer and manufacturer of ladies' hats. The front of the card features an illustration of ladies hats. The address, 120 Water St., two doors from the wall, is prominently displayed. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Lissa, Stern & Co., manufacturers of trunks, traveling bags, and ladies' satchels. The front of the card displays the company's name and a list of their addresses: No. 649 & 651 Broadway and No. 216 & 218 Mercer Street, New York City, and their factory in Newark, N.J. The text is elegantly arranged. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Chas. Cohen's business, specializing in poultry, game, fruits, and vegetables. The front of the card (Image 1) features the business name prominently displayed, along with the address: 74 Vesey Street, and a statement that hotels, steamboats, restaurants, and boarding houses were supplied. The back of the card (Image 2) is blank. The style and typography suggest a late 19th-century origin.

This trade card advertises Hoffman & Co., a clothing retailer located at the Northeast corner of Green and Grand Streets in New York City. The front of the card (image 1) features text indicating the business's location and the availability of an 1860 store catalog. The image shows an ornate design, suggesting a late 19th-century aesthetic. The back of the card (image 2) is blank.

This orange-coated trade card advertises the services of John O. Manuel, a banker and broker in New York City. The front of the card displays the business name, "JOHN O. MANUEL, BANKER & BROKER," prominently, along with the address: "185 GREENWICH ST., COR OF DEY UNDER NEW YORK NATIONAL EXCHANGE BANK." The back of the card contains a handwritten note: "MR. NATHAN PLEASE LET THE BEARER."

This trade card advertises Asher Leiser, an importer and dealer in watch materials, tools, and glasses, located at 36 Maiden Lane, New York. The card is printed in black ink on white paper. The front of the card features the business name and address. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Diamond Bro's, manufacturers of fine roll plate and gold jewelry, located at 36 Maiden Lane in New York City. The front of the card features the company name, "DIAMOND BROTHERS," prominently displayed, along with their description, "MANUFACTURERS OF FINE ROLL PLATE AND GOLD JEWELERY." The address, "36 Maiden Lane," is also clearly visible. The back of the card is blank. The style of the lettering suggests a late 19th-century origin.

This trade card advertises Ungerer & Co., a company specializing in perfume and toilet soap making ingredients. The front of the card features the company name, address, and tagline: 'SPECIALIZE IN PERFUME AND TOILET SOAP MAKERS INGREDIENTS'. The address is listed as 273 Pearl Street. The back of the card is blank.

This business card advertises Rosenfeld Bros., clothing importers, located at 365 & 367 Broadway, New York, NY. The front of the card features the business name, 'ROSENFELD BROS.', prominently displayed in a stylized, uppercase font. Below the name, 'CLOTHING IMPORTERS' is also displayed. The address, '365 & 367 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NEW YORK', is clearly visible beneath. The design is simple and elegant, typical of business cards from the late 19th century. The back of the card is blank. The card's overall color scheme is monochromatic and understated.

This trade card advertises M. Hurwitz's "First Class Family Shoe Store." The front of the card features a large, vibrant lithograph of the American eagle and shield, a patriotic symbol representing quality and national pride. Below the image, the text clearly states the business name, type of goods, and the address: 15 Hester Street, cor. Suffolk Street, New York. The back of the card is blank. The imagery and style suggest a late 19th-century origin.

This trade card advertises Millerd & Hertzel, a business located at 312 Washington Street, New York. The front of the card has a glossy finish and the name of the business, along with the address, is written in cursive script, located on the left side. There is a banner with a border and a flourish in the corner of the banner, which is centered and written in a bold and clear typeface. The text is written on the front of the card. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Julius Levy, a dealer in cloths, cassimeres, and tailors' trimmings, located at 198 William Street, corner of Frankfort Street, New York, New York. The card features a simple design with the business name, address, and goods sold printed in a bold, clear typeface. The back of the card is blank.

This ornate trade card advertises Schlesinger & Blumenthal, importers of brandies, gin, wines, and proprietors of the X.L.C.R. & Silver Creek Whiskies. The front of the card features an elaborately designed text layout typical of late 19th-century advertising. The text prominently displays the company name, "Schlesinger & Blumenthal," along with their address, "92 & 94 Liberty Street." The card's design is richly detailed, likely incorporating decorative flourishes and possibly a vignette or logo. The back of the card is blank. [Charles Schlesinger and Joseph Blumenthal were the proprietors of the business.]

Trade card advertising bonds for the Industrial Exhibition Co. Issued in New York, New York, between March 1 and April 5, 1875. Morgenthau, Bruno & Co. acted as financial agents. The card features drawings and a puzzle on the reverse.

Trade card for Sussfeld, Lorsch & Co., importers of optical and mathematical instruments, watchmakers' tools, and materials. The card lists their New York City address as 13 Maiden Lane and their Paris address as 27 Rue de Paradis Poissonniere. It also notes their participation in a Centennial Exhibition. Undated, but likely from around 1876.

This trade card advertises Joseph Nelken's business, located in Cohn's Cigar Store in New York City. The front of the card (Image 1: https://iiif-images.library.upenn.edu/iiif/2/54ccd651-fc2f-4d26-9e2f-e53011e65587%2Faccess/full/!600,600/0/default.jpg) shows [a detailed description of the card's imagery is needed here based on visual inspection of the image. Include descriptions of any prominent features like logos, illustrations, text, colors, or styles]. The back of the card (Image 2: https://iiif-images.library.upenn.edu/iiif/2/c845e0fa-cef1-4105-ac77-7b3c90bcd698%2Faccess/full/!600,600/0/default.jpg) is [describe the back of the card; if blank, state so].

This is a business card for A. Gitensten, advertising "Shirts and Waists." The front of the card displays the business name and address: 387 Grand St., New York. The image shows simple typography, common in late 19th-century business cards. The back of the card is blank.

This business card advertises the Metropolitan Detective Agency, with Charles W. Levy listed as Principal. The front of the card displays the agency's name prominently, followed by its address: 243 Broadway, New York. The image is simple and features only the text. The back of the card is blank.

This business card represents Lenneberg & Meyer, clothing manufacturers, with Weil Brothers acting as their selling agents. The front of the card displays the business's name and address: 491 Broadway, New York. The card's design is simple and straightforward, likely typical of business cards from the late 19th century. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the Leader Department Store, a cooperative department store, with locations in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and New York City. The front of the card features a colorful lithograph depicting a bustling city street with streetcars, an early automobile, and horse-drawn carriages. The back of the card is blank. The card's address in Pittsburgh includes Fourth Avenue, Market Street, and Third Avenue. The New York City address lists 458 Broadway.

This trade card advertises Francis C. Neale, sole proprietors of Rosedale Vineyards, purveyors of wines and liquors. The front of the card displays the business name and address prominently: Francis C. Neale, Wines and Liquor...Sole Proprietors of Rosedale Vineyards...24 Dey & 43 Church Streets. It also indicates that the business is represented by David Levy and provides a telephone number: Tel. 4043 Cortlandt. The back of the card is blank. The image suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic.

This trade card advertises S. Steinfeld & Co., located at 72, 74, 76 Walker Street in New York City. The card states that the company was a 'jobber of fancy goods, hosiery, laces, embroideries, etc.' It is printed on white cardstock. The business name is centered, the address is below. The back is blank.

This trade card, one of three identical cards in the collection, advertises Julius Colberg & Son, manufacturers of fine cigars located at 507 Fulton Street, opposite Hoyt, New York. The cards are printed in black ink on white card stock with a red border. Each card depicts a simple design featuring the company name and address. The back of the card is blank.

This business card advertises M. Neuburger & Co., importers of small wares, located at 305 Canal Street and 47 Howard Street, New York. [The business was also associated with J. Rosenberg and S. Wilhelm.] The front of the card features the company name in large bold lettering. The card also indicates that the business was an importer of small wares. The back of the card is blank. This is a business card and not a trade card as initially categorized.

This trade card advertises Max Kuehl, a manufacturer of fine vests located at 222 Stagg Street, New York. The front of the card features the business's name and address in bold font. The card also describes the business's specialization, 'Manufacturer of Fine Vests.' The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Kaldenberg & Son, manufacturers and dealers in glazier diamonds and brilliant points for engravers, and manufacturers of meerschaum pipes. The front of the card displays the business's name and services: "Turners and Fancy Workers," "Mfg. & Dealer in Glazier Diamonds & Brilliant Points for Engravers." It also mentions the creation of meerschaum pipes, including portraits cut onto the pipes themselves. The address is listed as No. 6 John St., one house from Broadway, New York. The back of the card lists additional services, including statuary. The overall style and design are typical of trade cards from the late 19th century.

This trade card advertises M. H. Levin, an importer of Havana tobacco and dealer in all kinds of tobacco. The front of the card features text-based advertisement that reads "IMPORTER OF HAVANA AND DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF TOBACCO." and the street address 162 PEARL STREET. The back of the card is blank.

This business card advertises H. Lehmann, an importer of human hair and ornamental hair manufacturer, located at 1213 Broadway, between 29th and 30th Streets in New York City. The front of the card displays the business name and a description of their services, indicating that they specialize in importing human hair and manufacturing hair ornaments. The back of the card is blank. The image is primarily text-based, with the business information prominently displayed. The style is typical of late 19th-century business cards.

This trade card advertises Stadler & Co., a men's and boys' clothing retailer located at 184 to 192 Church Street and 31 & 33 White Street in New York City. The front of the card features a simple, elegant design with the company name and address printed in bold font. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card, likely advertising dress accessories, features a single, small image on the front: a black and white illustration of a storefront with a banner above it, with a single, large, bold “L” above the storefront. The text “757 BROADWAY, CORNER OF 8TH” is printed above the image. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises J. Abrahams, a book dealer in New York City. The front of the card (image 2) features simple text, advertising "New, Old, and Rare Books." The address, 145 4th Ave., near 14th St., is also clearly printed. The back of the card (image 1) is blank. The overall design is simple and unadorned, characteristic of late 19th-century trade cards.

This trade card advertises Joseph Weinberg, a clothier, located at 370 Grand Street, New York. The card features a red, white, and blue color scheme with a black border. The front of the card depicts an array of men's clothing, including suits, hats, and ties. The image is surrounded by text that includes the store name, address, and other information. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the DeSola Mendes Company, a cutting factory located at 12 John Street, New York. The front of the card features the company's name and address. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Joseph S. Gans & Co., tobacco merchants located at 150 Water Street in New York City. The front of the card displays the business's name and address prominently. It also includes a telephone number: Telephone 346 Johns for Purchase. The exact nature of the goods and services offered beyond tobacco is unclear. The back of the card is blank. The style suggests a late 19th-century origin.

This trade card advertises Philip Bissinger & Co., as "Sole Agents for the Bohemian Garnet Jewelry." The front of the card displays the company's name and address prominently: 22 John Street, New York. It also notes their London office: 9 Ely Place, Holburn Circus. The design is simple and elegant, focusing on the textual information. The back of the card is blank. The image is primarily text-based, lacking elaborate illustrations.

This trade card advertises Ludwig Baumann & Co., a furniture store located on West 125th Street in New York City. The card features an ornate illustration of a room interior with a variety of furniture pieces. The back of the card is blank. For a complete list of the partners, see card 12.952 or item 1200 in the Judaica catalog.

This trade card advertises Siegel Brothers, clothing manufacturers, with a striking illustration of a metalwork piece from the 1889 Exposition Universelle in Paris, France. The card displays two addresses: 65 & 67 Wooster Street and 163 & 165 South Fifth Avenue. The card is a colorful and eye-catching piece, incorporating various shades of blue, gold, and red in its design. The illustration highlights the intricate details and grandeur of the metalwork exhibit, showcasing the artistic and technical advancements of the era.

This trade card advertises the services of Henry Feuerstein, a specialist in the treatment of rupture and physical deformities. The front of the card features a rather unusual illustration of a woman wearing various types of trusses on her body. This graphic visual likely served to highlight Feuerstein’s expertise and the range of products he offered. The back of the card provides a detailed advertisement, listing his specialties: "SPECIALIST IN TREATMENT OF RUPTURE & PHYSICAL DEFORMITIES," along with additional services such as "ARTIFICIAL LIMBS & CORSETS" and the manufacture of "EXCELSIOR TRUSS." The address is clearly stated as: "OFFICE, 159 W. 23D STREET."

This trade card advertises Samuel Friedeman, a manufacturer and importer of flowers, feathers, and pattern bonnets. The front of the card displays the business name and a description of its wares: "MFG. & IMPORTERS OF FLOWERS & FEATHERS..PATTERN BONNETS A SPECIALTY." The address is clearly indicated below: 1 DIVISION STREET, CORNER OF CATHERINE STREET. The card's design is simple and elegant. The image suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Levy & Co., cigar manufacturers located at 423 & 425 East 63rd Street, New York. The card has a red border and features the company's name printed in bold lettering. The phrase 'Telephone Connection' appears on the front of the card, indicating that the business had access to this relatively new technology. The card has a red border.

Trade card for Schall & Co., wholesale manufacturers and importers of confectioners' ornaments and materials. Located at 388 Pearl Street, at the junction of New Bowery, New York, New York. The card lists a variety of confectionery items. Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises "The Cash Bargain Store," owned by I. Wechsler, located at 156 West St., opposite Piers 16 & 17 in New York City. The front of the card features a lithograph of a pocket watch and a ring, highlighting the store's sale of watches, revolvers, and jewelry. The text also advertises watch cleaning services for 50 cents. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card advertising the business of Hugo Gorsch. The card lists two addresses: 215 Bowery (New Amsterdam Savings Bank), corner of Rivington St., and a residence at 128 Orchard Street. The card is circa 1885.

This trade card advertises Hugo Rosenstein, an artist's materials supplier located at 424 Sixth Avenue between 25th and 26th streets in New York City. The front of the card features a white background, with the business name and address printed in black. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Frank Bros., dry goods merchants in New York City. The front of the card features text stating the business's address, "44 Ann Street," and mentions "The Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society," noting its founding date (March 3, 1875) and listing Hugo Frank as President in 1901. The back of the card is blank. [There is additional information about Hugo Frank and his brothers that might be useful to research further to add more context about this business.].

This trade card for A. Blum, located at 49 Broadway and 105 New Church Street, New York City, features a red border and a white background. On the front of the card, the business name appears at the top, and the two addresses are listed below. The card also lists 'Importer' and 'Wholesale & Retail', which suggests that A. Blum was involved in wholesale and retail food sales and imported goods. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the services of Rev. Joseph Schwed. The card, printed in German, Hebrew, and English, lists the Rabbi's address as 400 E. 52nd Street, New York. The card also lists his services as performing circumcisions, marriages, and delivering sermons in German and English. Additionally, he offers private lessons in Hebrew, German, English, and French.

Trade card for M. Moldatsky, located at 344 Williams Avenue in New York, New York. The card includes the handwritten Yiddish inscription, "SEND POSTAL AND I WILL CALL." The card is circa 1885.

This trade card advertises Benjamin the Shirt Maker, located at 75 & 77 Catherine St., cor. Hamilton St., New York. The front of the card features the business's name prominently displayed as "BENJAMIN THE SHIRT MAKER." The address is also clearly visible below the name. The back of the card is blank. The provided images show a simple, likely text-based design focused on conveying the business name and location.

This trade card advertises Gumbinner & Friedlander, located at 51 Crosby Street, near Broome Street, New York. The card features a simple design with the company's name and address printed in bold lettering. It is a standard 2x3.5 inch trade card format. The front of the card is blank, while the back of the card provides more details.

This trade card, printed on a pale pink cardstock, advertises A. New & Co., a clothier located at 737 Broadway, New York. The front of the card is printed in black with a simple design; the card lists the products sold, including bicycle suits and golf suits, and the name of the store. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Baum & Co., wholesale clothiers located at 34 Walker Street in New York City. The front of the card features a simple design with the company name and address printed in black ink on a white background. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Lewinstein & Fuchs, clothing manufacturers located at 26 Walker Street, between West Broadway and Church Street in New York City. The front of the card highlights the fact that "All Goods Made by Electric Power." The card also includes a section encouraging farmers to bring their chickens on various Jewish holidays, and lists the dates for these holidays. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card, featuring a Japanese motif on the front, advertises Harry Frank's Ticket Office, located at 523 Broadway, New York. [The card identifies Ben Wasserman as the manager]. The back of the card provides further information about the business.

This trade card advertises Mager & Levin, manufacturers and jobbers of all kinds of gold and plated jewelry, located at 3 John Street, near Broadway, Room No. 4, in New York City. The front of the card features the business name, address, and a description of the goods they sell. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises J. Solomon & Co., importers and dealers in watches, diamonds, and jewelry, located at 1189 Broadway (3 doors above 28th Street) in New York City. The front of the card features a simple black and white design with the company name and address printed in bold, black lettering. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises J. Friedlander, a jeweler located at 264 1/2 Bowery, New York City. The front of the card is a simple black and white design, with the business name and address printed in bold lettering. The card is quite small and appears to be from the late 19th century. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Herman Jantzen, a clothing store located at 284 Sixth Avenue in New York City. The card features a simple design with a prominent advertisement for Herman Jantzen in bold letters. The card is printed in black and white. [There is a smaller image on the card of a man with glasses, but there isn't enough information about the card for us to ascertain what it is advertising].

This trade card advertises B. Weisburger & Co., manufacturers' agents and importers of hosiery. The front of the card displays the business's name prominently: "B. WEISBURGER & CO., MANUFACTURER'S AGENTS AND IMPORTERS OF HOSIERY." Beneath the name, the card provides the company's address: 656 & 658 BROADWAY, and telephone number: PHONE SPRING 682. The card's design is simple and functional, prioritizing the clear presentation of contact information. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. & I. Amdur & Goodman, clothing manufacturers located at 16 Waverly Place in New York. The card features the company name in bold lettering, followed by their address and phone number (Spring 1829). The front of the card is divided into two sections by a vertical line. The left section shows the business information, while the right section features a design element, although it is too blurry to make out. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Simon, Singer & Co., clothing manufacturers. The front of the card displays the company name prominently: "SIMON, SINGER & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF CLOTHING." Below the name, the street address is given as 231 Mercer Street, and a telephone number is listed: Phone Spring 32. The image is predominantly text-based. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Mayer & Loewenstein, manufacturers of fine clothing, established in 1846. The card features elegant, intricate graphic designs, showcasing the quality of the business. The card details the company’s office at 80 Beekman Street in New York City and its works located in Long Island City, New York. The business was run by S.W. Mayer, D.L. Mayer, and Loewenstein. The back of the card is blank.

NOT ENOUGH INFO

This trade card advertises Levinstein & Campbell, a manufacturer of cotton goods, with offices at 25 New Chamber Street, New York City. The card notes that the company’s manufacturing works are located in Manchester, England. The card's back side is blank.

Trade card advertising The Castle Braid Co. and Schloss & Sons, manufacturers, located at 15 & 17 Mercer Street, between Canal and Grand Street, New York, New York. The card includes a lithograph of a factory in Brooklyn. The date is undated but the date range is estimated to be between 1890 and 1910 based on the style and available information.

This is a trade card advertising H. Sack, a dealer in French and American window glass located at 2303 Eighth Avenue, New York. The card is a straight card with a black border. The front of the card is in black and white with bold lettering and the business name and address. The back is blank.

This trade card advertises Hatch & Cohn, a Creditors' Agency located at 320 & 322 Broadway, New York, New York. The card is a simple, straight design and states that the agency was “late of Law” and the “Collection Dept. of H.B. Claflin.” The card is printed on white card stock. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Ehrich, a dealer in watches, jewelry, and clocks, located at 108 Greenwich Street, between Rector and Carlisle Streets in New York City. The card is a coated card. The front of the card displays the business's name and services in simple lettering. The back of the card is blank. The card is a standard straight card format.

This trade card advertises Levin Bros., manufacturers and dealers in store fixtures, with a specialty in restaurant fixtures. The front of the card features a black and white illustration of a roll top desk. The address listed on the card is 121 Bowery, 3 doors below Canal Street, New York.

This trade card advertises J. Wiener, described as "The Leading Cloak & Suit House," specializing in jobbing. The front of the card features text that prominently displays the business name and its claim as a leading establishment. The address is clearly stated as 121 1/2 Greene Street, near Prince Street, New York. The card is a straight card, meaning it is not folded. The back of the card is blank.

This business card advertises the services of S. Tischler, a sanitary plumbing business located in New York City. The front of the card features the business name, "SANITARY PLUMBING," prominently displayed at the top. The address, "27 CANNON STREET," is clearly printed underneath. The back of the card is blank. The card's design is simple and straightforward, typical of late 19th-century business cards.

This trade card advertises Sam. Goldstein, a carpenter and general contractor. The front of the card displays the business name, "Sam. Goldstein," prominently, along with the description "Carpenter and General Contractor." The address, "89 Columbia Street, bet. Stanton & Rivington St.," is also clearly printed. The back of the card is blank. The image is simple and functional, focused on providing the necessary information for potential customers.

This trade card advertises the practice of Louis A. Rodenstein, a physician located at the northeast corner of 141st Street and Boulevard in New York City. The card notes that Rodenstein has relocated from his previous practice at 138th Street and Hudson River. The front of the card features a border of decorative flourishes. It is printed in black and white on white paper. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Gans Brothers, a dry goods store located in New York City. The front of the card displays the business's name and address: 570 Third Ave., bet. 37th & 38th Streets. The design is simple and features text primarily, likely from a time before widespread use of photographic printing. The back of the card is blank. There are two images in the record. The second image is a better representation of the front of the trade card. The first image is more damaged.

This trade card advertises H. Seidenberg's "The After-Lunch Cigarettes." The card features an image that appears to depict a stylishly dressed man enjoying a cigarette after lunch. The overall aesthetic suggests a late 19th-century or early 20th-century style. The text is prominently displayed, indicating the brand name, "The After-Lunch Cigarettes." The back of the card is blank. There is a second image in the record, but it is not described because only one image is available to view.

This trade card advertises Myers & Gordon, commission merchants specializing in hides and leather. The front of the card (image 1) displays the business's name prominently, followed by their specialty, "Commission Merchants...Hides & Leather." Their address, 82 Gold Street, is also clearly listed. The overall design is simple and functional. The back of the card (image 2) is blank.

This trade card advertises Edelstein Bros., pawnbrokers located at 2813 Jackson Ave. at Queens Plaza in New York. The front of the card depicts the traditional symbol of pawnbroking—three gold balls—arranged in a visually appealing manner. The illustration style suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic. The back of the card features a comical prayer, a humorous element likely intended to engage customers. The card also highlights the convenient location, mentioning accessibility via all subways, elevated trains, buses, and trolley cars. The text on the card indicates they were the "Oldest Established Pawnbrokers in Queens."

This trade card advertises A. Friedlander & Co., importers and manufacturers of cloaks, suits, and mantles. The front of the card showcases an elaborate, colorful graphic featuring stylized, Art Nouveau-inspired illustrations of women in various elegant garments. The illustrations are arranged around a central text panel that prominently displays the business name and slogan. The back of the card contains a lithograph image of a factory. It lists the business addresses in Boston and New York City as well as factory locations in Berlin, Germany, and Paris, France.

This trade card advertises Joseph Scheider & Co., manufacturers of patent self-righting cuspidors. The front of the card features an illustration of a cuspidor. The text indicates that the company is located at 58 Beekman Street in New York City and that they have factories in Portland, Connecticut. [The business name is Joseph Scheider & Co., and the individual associated with it is Joseph Scheider.] The back of the card is blank.

This trade card for Oscar Strasburger & Co., a dry goods store, features a decorative lithograph design. The card lists the company's address as 443 & 445 Broadway, New York. The trade card is printed on thick paper stock with a decorative border. The front of the card depicts a group of six figures arranged around a large circular banner. The banner displays the company's name in gold lettering. There are five figures: 1) three children in a line, 2) an adult man seated on a chair, and 3) an adult woman standing holding a book. In the background of the scene there are two large trees, one with a large white bird perched on a branch. Two small, winged creatures in a circular design are in the bottom right corner. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises J. Lochman, a hatter with a shop located at 107 Eighth Avenue, between 15th and 16th Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a chicken carrying a man on its back, with the caption "Who will care for Mother now?" This unusual image is likely intended to be eye-catching and memorable. Below the illustration, the card advertises silk hats at $3, made to order. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the Newark Paraffine & Parchment Paper Co. The front of the card is divided into two sections. On the left, the text 'Newark Paraffine & Parchment Paper Co.' appears in a dark red block at the top of the card. Below the company name, the company's address, which is not visible, is likely listed. On the right side of the card is a full-page image of a large building. It appears to be a factory or warehouse. The building's brick facade is adorned with a large, open window, creating a sense of grandeur. The building is surrounded by trees, suggesting an industrial landscape. The bottom of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Henry Gimpel & Co., manufacturers of trimmings. The front of the card lists the company's office at 395 Broadway and factory at 119 Walker Street, both in New York City. The card advertises a variety of trimmings: fringes, gimps, cords, tassels, chenilles, loops, etc. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the firm of Schiff & Bodenheimer, located at 96 & 98 Franklin Street, corner of Church Street, in New York. [L. Isaacs is also mentioned on the card, but his specific role in the business is unclear.] The front of the card is printed in black and white, and the text is laid out in a simple format. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Alois Kohn & Co., jewelers located at 16 Maiden Lane, near Broadway, New York. The card is printed in black ink with a simple design, showcasing their business name and address. The business was established in 1850 and had a telephone number, 1402 Cortlandt. This card features the address and business information on the front, with a blank verso.

This trade card advertises the Clinton Business Exchange, located at 89 Clinton Street, New York. The front of the card features a small rectangular block of text. The business name, address, and telephone number are listed in both English and Yiddish, possibly indicating that the Exchange catered to both English and Yiddish-speaking clientele. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises H. Gershel & Bro., a purveyor of cloaks, mantillas, and fancy furs located at 233 Eighth Avenue, between 22nd and 23rd Streets, New York. The card is simple, with black text on a white background, and includes the business name, address, and a list of products. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the business of Solomon Reich, a furrier located at 307 Eighth Avenue, New York. The front of the card features a large illustration of a lion, signifying strength and quality, and the text “Furs, Hats, Caps, Straw Goods.” The illustration also includes children wearing fancy hats. The back of the card features the full advertisement.

This trade card advertises J. A. Joel & Co., purveyors of military and society goods. The front of the card displays a full advertisement detailing their offerings, including uniforms, swords, equipment, cords, tassels, and badges. The address is clearly listed as 88 Nassau St., one door from the corner of Fulton St., New York. The back of the card features a depiction of the Battle of Gettysburg. The image is likely a wood engraving or lithograph, common printing techniques for trade cards of the period. The style and details suggest it was created sometime in the late 19th century.

This trade card advertises the American Rattan & Reed Mfg. Co. located in New York, NY. The front of the card displays the company name prominently, along with its warehouse address (33 & 35 Richardson Street) and office address (18 & 22 Guernsey Street) and telephone number (91 Williamsburg). The card's design is simple and functional, focusing on conveying essential business information. The back of the card is blank. [The company's president was Chas. H. Louis.]

This trade card advertises Henry Grub, a suit manufacturer located at 10 Pell Street, New York, between the Bowery and Mott streets. The card features a very ornate design with a large font size that highlights the business name and address. The front of the card has text, 'PARLOR SUITS, MANUFACTURER,' written in a bold and prominent font, making it a noticeable advertisement.

This trade card advertises Z. Horikoshi & Co., a business represented by Clarence C. Stein. The card features a decorative pattern on the front, with a red border. It is a simple card with no graphic design beyond the text. The text reads, '32, GREEN STREET,' 'REPRESENTS Z. HORIKOSHI & CO.,' 'TELEPHONE 1648 SPRING.' [The business was likely located in Paris, France, and imported goods from Japan.] The card is from the late 1880s or early 1890s. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Lyon Brothers, wholesale dry goods merchants located at 33 Cortland Street in New York City. The front of the card, which is printed in black ink, features a simple text layout that lists the name and address of the business. The card also advertises the fact that the business serves as an agent for Excelsior Buck Goods, Gloves, National Fire Works, and Mont Glen Paper Company. The back of the card is blank. The card is printed in a plain, simple style.

This trade card advertises Lilienthal Brothers, dealers in hops and barley. The front of the card features text that prominently displays the business name, "Lilienthal Brothers." The address, "8 & 10 Water Street," is also clearly visible. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card advertising Frank's Cut Rate Ticket Office, located at 591 Broadway between Prince and Houston Streets in New York, New York. The card notes that the business had been operating for a quarter of a century prior to the date of the card. Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises the services of M. Steinberg, a supplier of essential oils, fruit extracts, and colorings for confectioners and soda water dealers. The front of the card features an ornate floral design. The business's name is prominently displayed at the top, followed by a description of the products offered and the address: 1687 Park Avenue, between 118th and 119th Streets, New York, NY.

This trade card advertises Hoffman Bros., manufacturers of all kinds of cloth hats and caps. Located at 133 Mercer Street, near Prince Street, New York City, the card features a grey floral background. The front of the card is black and white. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the Standard Hosiery Co., located at 1310-1326 Lawrence Street, Philadelphia, PA. The front of the card features a good quality lithograph of the company's office and mills. The buildings depicted are multi-storied structures, suggesting a significant industrial operation. The image likely showcases the scale and success of the Standard Hosiery Co. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card for Rugoff & Co., located at 83.87 Canal Street, New York, New York. The card wishes the recipient a Happy New Year. A handwritten inscription on the reverse reads: "DAVID KATZ C/O HEBREW PUB. CO. 50; ELDRIDGE ST. NYC". Date is inferred as circa 1900 based on the style and context.

This trade card advertises Wolfsheim & Sachs Inc., a business located at 35 Maiden Lane in New York, New York. The front of the card features a simple design with the company name, address, and establishment date of 1888. The card does not have a visual illustration, but is framed with a dark border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card is for Dr. jur F. M. Warburg in New York, New York. The card is printed in black ink and features a simple handwritten sentence on the front. The back of the card is blank.

This business card advertises the legal services of Joseph C. Levi, an attorney at law in New York City. The card is blank. The business address is 7 Warren Street. The card is a standard business card format with black text on a cream-colored background. The address and professional title are printed at the top of the card.

This business card advertises N. Hirschfeld's hardware and electrical supplies store located at 328 Grand Street, between Orchard and Ludlow Streets, in New York City. The front of the card is predominantly text-based, clearly displaying the business name, address, and type of goods sold. The back of the card is blank. The overall style suggests a late 19th-century business card.

This trade card advertises Starr & Marcus, located at 22 John Street, New York City. The front of the card shows the text ‘Starr & Marcus’ and the address ‘22 John Street – Upstairs’. The back of the card is blank. [Starr & Marcus were likely Jewish merchants selling house furnishings or jewelry.]

This trade card advertises Bloom's, a dry goods and house furnishings store located in New York City. The front of the card features a playful illustration of children marching. The back of the card is a full advertisement with a calendar. The card includes an 1877 date.

This trade card advertises B. Hartill Manufacturing Co., makers of Scandinavian padlocks. The front of the card displays multiple addresses: 353 Grand St., 290 Grand St., 264 Grand St., and 208 Broome St., suggesting a widespread business presence in New York City's Lower East Side. A small illustration shows a man kicking a cat with the caption “Getting Even,” which is unrelated to the business advertised. A business directory of stores is printed on the back of the card. The card is identified as a "National Card for B. Hatsill Mfg. of Scandinavian Padlocks." There is an additional address listed on the back: 273 1/2 Division St.

Trade card advertising B. Hartill, manufacturer of Scandinavian padlocks, located at multiple addresses on the Lower East Side of New York City. The card includes addresses: 353 Grand St, 290 Grand St, 264 Grand St, 208 Broome St, and 273 1/2 Division St. The card also features an illustration of a dog and lobster, with the text "Call back your dog." It appears to be part of a business directory of stores on the Lower East Side. Date circa 1878.

This trade card advertises B. Hartill Manufacturing, a company specializing in Scandinavian padlocks. The front of the card features an illustration of a man and woman tumbling out of bed. There are two smaller illustrations in the bottom right corner, including a man and woman lying in bed and the address 273 1/2 Division Street. The text includes addresses for various stores on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, including 353 Grand Street, 290 Grand Street, 264 Grand Street, and 208 Broome Street. The back of the card is blank. The back of the card features a list of businesses in the neighborhood of the Lower East Side. This directory includes the names of Mayer, Jacob, Schloss, L.A., Wannack, A., and Wiessner, H., who likely owned and operated businesses in the area.

This trade card advertises the grand fall opening of Weil Brothers, clothiers, at 165 & 167 Avenue A, New York City. The card is oval-shaped and features an elegant design in black ink with gold accents. The card is printed on heavy card stock with a smooth, polished surface. The front of the card features an ornate inscription announcing the “Grand Fall Opening” of Weil Brothers. The card is dated 1878. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises David Zabinski, a clothier with two locations in New York City: 1499 Third Avenue on the East Side and 2296 Third Avenue on the West Side. The front of the card depicts a young girl feeding birds. A calendar is included on one side of the card. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Ehrichs', a clothing store located at 24th & 25th Streets on Eighth Avenue in New York. The front of the card depicts a young boy on ice skates pushing a girl on skates. The girl is wearing a white dress, a black coat, and a black hat. The boy is wearing a red hat and a blue coat. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for the business.

This trade card is for Edwin C. Burt's Fine Shoes, a shoe store located at 281 Grand Street in New York City. The front of the card features a black and white illustration of a boy in a red hat ice skating and pushing a girl on a shoe. The card is a national advertisement. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Edwin C. Burt's Fine Shoes, located at 281 Grand Street in New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of two doves pulling a chariot carrying Cupid, all within the outline of a shoe. This imagery emphasizes the elegance and desirability of Burt's footwear. The business's address is prominently displayed below the image. The back of the card contains a full advertisement, though the text itself is not legible in the image. This is a "National Card for Burt's Shoes."

This trade card advertises Meyer's, a gents' furnishing store located at 483 Grand Street, New York. The card features an illustration of an older man with a cane, a younger man with a hat, and a dog in a park setting. The text on the front of the card states 'HATS AND CAPES GENTS FURNISHING; FURS CLEANED AND ALTERED...CALL AT MEYER'S'.

This trade card, dated 1882, advertises S. W. Freund, a dry goods and jewelry merchant located at 329 Grand Street, between Orchard and Ludlow Streets in New York. The front of the card displays a comical scene on a train. Some passengers are sleeping, while others are engaged in more animated activities. The scene is light-hearted, featuring individuals kissing, one holding a newspaper, and a man with a sleeping cap and a wide-open mouth. The back of the card is blank.

This die-cut trade card advertises Nathan's, a clothing store located at 221 Sixth Avenue, between 14th and 15th Streets, in New York City. The front of the card features a unique illustration of a young boy standing in a cup and saucer. The back of the card features a stamped advertisement, which includes the business's name, address, and possibly other details about the store.

This trade card advertises H. Wolf's Novelty Clothing House of New York. The front of the card features a basket of blue flowers. The back of the card provides the business's address: 1397 3rd Ave., between 79th and 80th Streets, New York City.

This trade card advertises the Novelty Clothing House of New York. The front of the card features a delicate illustration of a basket overflowing with white flowers. The back of the card displays the full advertisement, which includes the business's name, address (1397 3rd Ave, bet. 79th & 80th Streets), and a simple, elegant design.

This trade card for Jas. Rothschild's business, known as "Scott's Old Stand," features a windmill on the front. The back of the card contains a full advertisement with the business's address: 477 Eighth Ave. The imagery suggests a potentially rural or quaint aesthetic, possibly contrasting with the urban location in New York City. The style of the illustration on the front is suggestive of late 19th-century design, consistent with the circa 1885 dating. The back of the card is not blank; it displays the full advertisement.

This trade card advertises Kaufmann & Strauss, publishers located at 75 & 77 Duane Street in New York City. The front of the card displays a large, colorful illustration of an agricultural building. This illustration suggests that the publishers specialized in or had a particular interest in books and literature related to agriculture. The card is printed in a style suggestive of the late 19th century.

This trade card advertises R. Goldvogel, a jeweler located at 357 Grand Street in New York City. The front of the card features a satirical image of a man, possibly Irish, being mocked and ridiculed by other men. The words “HONORABLE MR. ROURKE” are printed above the image along with the phrase “OUR NEW CITIZENS..ANTI.IRISH”. The business is identified in the bottom right corner, and the text mentions the business was established in 1854. The card mentions “Small Repair”. The verso of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Bloomfield, a clothier located at 367 6th Avenue in New York City. The front of the card features a comical illustration of a boy in a Spanish costume, with a large sombrero and a mustache. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Jacobs & Bernstein's One Price Shoe Emporium, located at the corner of 14th Street and 8th Avenue in New York. The front of the card features an illustration of a bird perched on a branch with flowers blooming beneath. The card is bordered by a line of blue and gold, and the shop name is listed in blue text.

This trade card advertises Adolf Adelmann, a tobacco dealer located at 625 Eigth Street, New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of children playing with a cat and mouse. The cat is perched on top of a barrel, and the mouse is trying to escape its clutches. The children are dressed in colorful clothing, and the scene is set against a background of buildings. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business.

This trade card advertises H. Lustberg, a clothier located at 379 8th Avenue between 28th and 29th Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a comical illustration of a man rowing a boat. The man is wearing a long coat and a hat, and he is holding a pair of oars. The boat is floating on a body of water, and there are trees and bushes in the background. The back of the card is blank. The card is in a style typical of trade cards from the late 19th century, using a simple design and a humorous illustration to attract attention.

This trade card advertises W. Jacobs, a clothier located at 1177 Third Avenue, between 68th and 69th Streets, New York. The front of the card depicts two comical men in a humorous scene battling a large fish. One of the men is dressed in a tuxedo, the other in a military-style uniform. The card is set against a yellow background with a dark blue border.

This is a discount card from Rothenberg's, located at 14th & 6th Avenue in New York City. The card offers a discount for orders of $3.00 or more. The front of the card is simple and features only text stating the discount offer and the business's address. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Sulzberger, a dry goods store located at 8th Avenue and 23rd Street in New York. The card features an illustration of ducks. The image is damaged. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Cohen Bros., a clothing store located at 289 Sixth Avenue, corner of 18th Street, New York City. The front of the card features a stylized depiction of flowers. It has a very simple design with only the name of the business and the address printed in black ink on a white background. The back of the card is blank.

The trade card for Nathan's, a clothing store, features an illustration of a donkey carrying a basket filled with flowers. The business address is listed on the card as 229 Sixth Avenue, corner 15th Street, New York City. The card appears to be a single sided card with a blank reverse side. The card is an example of early 20th-century design, and its colorful image and simple layout are typical of trade cards of the period.

This trade card advertises Nathan's, a flower shop in New York City. The front of the card showcases an advertisement for reduced stock bargains on flowers for July and August. The address is clearly printed as 229 Sixth Ave., corner of 15th Street. The design is simple and text-focused, typical of trade cards from the late 19th century. The back of the card is blank. There is a second image in the record, but it is not described.

This trade card, advertising Samuel Aronson's business at 288 Bleecker Street, corner of Commerce Street, New York, features a lithograph of a young girl seated and reading with a man standing behind her. The card has a pink background with the business name in gold lettering, and a yellow banner announcing 'China and Glass' along with the address in red. The back of the card is filled with advertising information about the store.

This trade card, part of a set of two, advertises W. Jacobs, a clothing store located at 282 Bowery, near Houston Street, New York City. The front of the card is adorned with a decorative floral border featuring yellow flowers and green leaves. This decorative motif is a recurring design on many of the trade cards found in this collection. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Edwin C. Burt's store in Toledo, Ohio. The front of the card features an advertisement for AUSTENS FOREST FLOWER COLOGNE with the address 94 MAIN STREET printed beneath. The back of the card is blank. [This card appears to be from the collection of J. Reizensten].

This trade card advertises Bloomingdale Bros. a general store. The front of the card is dominated by a large illustration of a bouquet of roses in a vase. It is printed in shades of red, white, and green. The back is blank.

Collection of trade cards for Max Stadler & Co., a clothing manufacturer, active in Jersey City and New York, New Jersey, United States, circa 1885. The cards depict various scenes, including baseball players and caricatures, some potentially depicting racist imagery. The descriptions include phrases such as "GOT EM FOUL," "THE DARLING DUDE," "A BASE HIT," "A HEADER," and other related baseball terminology. Some scenes appear to depict leisure activities and possibly plantation life. The collection comprises thirteen distinct cards.

This trade card advertises Fleischmann & Co.'s Compressed Yeast. The front of the card features an elaborate illustration of a bouquet of flowers and butterflies. The text “Fleischmann & Co.'s Compressed Yeast” appears above the image. The background is a light blue color. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card advertising Ed. Pinaud's Perfumery, located at 37 Blvd. de Strasbourg, Paris. The card features illustrations of a boy in an adult costume proposing and a boy in an adult costume as a soldier walking with a girl. Published in New York, New York, circa 1885. Associated with Henry Dreyfus.

Trade card advertising Geo. Oliver & Co., Wholesale Commission Markets in New York, New York. The card includes a calendar for farmers, noting Jewish holidays and the types of fowl most in demand for each holiday. Published in New York, NY in 1910. Physical location: Ms. Coll. 1410, M, Box 8, Folder 57.

This trade card advertises Abraham J. Berkowitz's sewing machine and motor business at 50 East 10th Street, New York. The front of the card features the name of the company, the address, and the phone number: 'PHONE STUYVESANT 972.' It also indicates the business was established in 1886. The back of the card contains a greeting written in Yiddish.

This trade card advertises Jos. Stiner & Co., importers and wholesale dealers in confectionery, located at 663 Ninth Avenue, New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a young boy standing on a beach with a bucket and shovel. The back of the card is blank. The card is printed in black and white.

This trade card advertises Jos. Stiner & Co., importers and dealers in fine groceries, located at 663 Ninth Avenue, New York City. The card depicts a young girl standing on a beach with a view of a boat and a beach house in the distance. She wears a light-colored dress, holding a parasol. This card has a red border and a decorative pattern on the back.

This trade card advertises Bernstein's Glove Emporium, located at 817 Broadway in New York. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a boy and girl dressed in colonial-era garb. The boy wears a brown jacket and a blue waistcoat. The girl wears a pale blue dress and a white bonnet. The illustration is done in a style that might suggest the business was still in operation in the early 20th century, but given its placement in a collection of trade cards dated circa 1885, the card is likely from that time period.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., clothiers located in New York, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of two boys playing on a patch of grass. One boy is pulling another on a makeshift rope. The text 'WEAR RESISTANT' appears above the image. Below, the addresses for two stores are listed: 565.567 Broadway Cor. Prince, and 619.621 8th Ave. Cor. 40th. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Adelmann, a tobacco dealer located at 625 Eighth Avenue, New York. The front of the card depicts children attending school, with desks and a blackboard. The illustration is in a lively, detailed style. The back of the card contains the full advertisement for Adelmann's business.

This trade card advertises A. Adelmann, a cigar manufacturer located at 625 Eighth Avenue in New York City. The card features a caricature of an Irish porter, a common sight in New York at the time. The front of the card is printed in black and white, while the back is blank. The card is part of a collection of Judaica Americana and may represent an example of a Jewish-owned business in New York City during the late 19th century.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing store located at 565-567 Broadway and 619-621 Eighth Avenue, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of a woman standing in a wooded area. Her clothing is hard to make out because of the darkness of the image, but she has a white collar and appears to be holding a bag. The text on the card indicates that the company is holding a January sale at cost. The back of the card has a detailed advertisement for the store.

This trade card advertises A. Frankfield & Co., jewelers, located at 209 Sixth Avenue, corner of 14th Street, New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of children climbing a ladder, symbolizing their ascent to success. The back of the card is blank. The card is in excellent condition, with vibrant colors and clear printing.

This trade card advertises S. Bloomfield, a clothing merchant located at 367 6th Ave., near 23rd Street in New York City. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a boy dressed in a comical, possibly Hungarian-inspired costume. The boy's attire suggests a theatrical or folk-inspired design, reflecting a potential marketing approach aiming to capture attention and evoke a sense of humor and character. The word "HONGRIE" is prominently displayed near the illustration, alluding to a potential specialty or perhaps highlighting the origin of some of the clothing designs. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Bloomfield, a clothier located at 367 6th Avenue, near 23rd Street in New York City. The front of the card features a comical illustration of a boy dressed in a Turkish costume. The card has a red and blue border. The back of the card is blank. [Bloomfield's store was dissolved by 1890].

This trade card advertises Samuel M. Lederer, a clothier located at 207 Greenwich Street, New York. The front of the card features a child standing in a park-like setting, next to a Native American child. The image appears to be a depiction of the relationship between a settler child and a Native American child, and could be construed as a representation of racism and assimilation. The card features an ornate, rectangular frame. The card has a red border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Leichter, a clothier located at 150 Canal Street in New York City, New York. The front of the card features a simple illustration of a bird, possibly a stylized design element rather than a detailed depiction of a specific species. The text on the card clearly states the business name, address, and location in relation to another building: "150 CANAL STREET...UNDER CITIZENS SAVINGS BANK." The back of the card is blank.

This trade card for Nat Bernstein is located at 268 Grand Street in New York, NY. The front of the card features a drawing of a hand holding a bouquet of flowers. The background is a textured, geometric design. The card has a red border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Rosenstein Brothers, agents for Royal Brand Fish Delicacies. The card features a vibrant picnic scene with families enjoying various fish products. The scene includes a picnic basket, children playing, and a couple sharing a meal. There is a large tree in the background with a view of a lake. The front of the card features an illustrated image of a family picnicking. The back of the card is a full advertisement listing all the various types of Royal Brand fish delicacies.

This trade card advertises J. S. Lazarus, a men's furnisher located at 155 Eighth Avenue, New York. The front of the card features a simple illustration of a sailboat against a blue sky and white clouds. The words 'MEN'S FURNISHER...HOLIDAY GOODS IN GREAT VARIETY' are printed in bold, large letters on the card. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing retailer located in New York City. The front of the card features a young boy playing a mandolin. The illustration is set against a backdrop of a building. Text on the card indicates two of the store's locations: Broadway and Grand Street, and 8th Avenue and 40th Street. The back of the card has a full advertisement for a 'Prior to Stock Taking Sale'.

This trade card, shaped like a bookmark, advertises Jacobs' Book Store in New York City. The front features a beautiful lithograph of flowers. Text on the front directs customers to the store for Christmas and New Year's cards, providing the address: 251 Eighth Ave. The back of the card is a full advertisement for books, games, and cards, including those by Prang and Tuck.

This trade card advertises S. E. Isaacson's cigars. The front of the card features a prominent illustration of a horse's head, possibly a stylistic representation of strength and quality. Below the image, the text clearly states, "HAVANA AND DOMESTIC SEGARS." The business's address is also provided: 1 Astor Place...1 door east of Broadway, New York. The back of the card is blank.

This item consists of a two-sided advertisement for Joseph Ullmann, a furrier located at 165 & 167 Mercer Street in New York City. One side features a calendar for the year, prominently displaying the address. The reverse side contains an advertisement with instructions on how to ship furs and skins to Ullmann. [J. Ullmann was the Treasurer of Ahabath Achim Kalhal in St. Paul.]

This trade card advertises the New York Clothing Manufacturing Co., managed by L.M. Jacobs. The front of the card features a bird's nest with eggs. The back of the card provides a detailed advertisement for the company, with the following information: Office: 558 Broadway, New York. Warehouse: 94 and 96 Crosby Street, New York.

This trade card advertises Scholes Brothers, a grocery store located at 281 First Ave, 370 Ninth Avenue, and 132 First Avenue in New York, New York. The front of the card features a woman in a blue dress and a floral headpiece. She looks at the viewer, holding a basket. The back of the card lists the grocery prices. Coffee is advertised at 20 cents per pound.

This trade card advertises Samuel M. Lederer, a clothier located at 207 & 209 Greenwich Street, New York. The front of the card features a caricature of a Chinese man holding a child. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises B. Goldschmidt, a clothing merchant located at 70 First Avenue in New York City, between 4th and 5th Streets. The front of the card features a decorative floral motif. The illustration depicts a group of colorful birds perched on branches and flowers with a large bouquet at the bottom. The background is a soft blue, perhaps representing the sky. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Jacobs & Bernstein's Shoe Emporium located at the corner of 14th Street and 8th Avenue in New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a girl standing next to a cat. The text on the card is in a bold, eye-catching font, while the back is blank.

This trade card, from S. Sulzberger, a dry goods store in New York City, features a charming illustration of two children smelling flowers. The store was located at 8th Avenue and 23rd Street. The front of the card is in color and the back is blank. The card is part of an archival collection of trade cards from the late 19th century.

Trade card advertising Button & Ottley's Raven Gloss Shoe Dressing. The card depicts children playing with toys. It was published circa 1885 in New York, New York, United States. The address 304 Lakawanna Ave. is listed on the card.

The trade card advertises Stern Brothers, clothiers in New York City. The front of the card features a drawing of a young girl wearing a Danish folk costume. She is standing and holding her hands in front of her. The drawing has black outlines and a stippled background. The background is a solid color, but a lighter stippled pattern is visible on the edges of the card. The business address is printed in the bottom right corner of the card. This is a very simple design, almost like a silhouette, featuring a young girl in a decorative dress. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Rosenthal, a clothing manufacturer located at 375 Eighth Avenue in New York City. The card is designed in the shape of a fan with flowers depicted. It is unclear if the card has a back side, as the image only shows the front.

This trade card advertises Stern Brothers, a department store in New York, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of a woman dressed in traditional Turkish clothing. She is holding a long, thin pipe. The back of the card includes a full-page picture of a woman wearing a dress and holding a fan. The address of the store, 32, 34, 36 West 23rd Street, is printed on the card.

This trade card advertises Stern Brothers, a dry goods and clothing store located at 32, 34, and 36 West 23rd Street in New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a girl dressed in an Austrian costume, highlighting the store's varied fashion offerings. The back of the card showcases a boy in a suit, further emphasizing the store's attire for both men and women.

This trade card advertises W. Silverberg, located at 221 Sixth Avenue, New York. The card features a beautiful basket of flowers. The back of the card is blank.

Black trade card advertising Herman Loeb & Co., purveyors of perfumes. The card features a white rose and text indicating locations in New York City and Paris. Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises P. B. Levy's "Boss Pat Gold Watch Cases." The front of the card showcases a detailed illustration of a marble statue or bust, possibly classical in style, positioned next to a decorative clock. This combination suggests a connection between luxury goods and the passage of time. The text on the front of the card indicates the business's address: 159 Fulton Street, New York. The back of the card features a full advertisement for the watch cases. The design of the card, incorporating a marble statue and a clock, suggests the late 19th century.

This is a double-sided trade card for Stern Brothers, a prominent New York City department store. The front of the card is shaped like a stocking and poses the question, "What shall we put in the children's stockings? See inside." The inside (shown in the second image) unfolds to reveal a full advertisement for a wide variety of goods, including items for girls and notions for men. The back of the card lists the store's address: 32, 34, 36 West 23rd Street. The card is predominantly red and features an array of smaller illustrations of the various items advertised.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing retailer in New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of two young women conversing in a wooded setting. The scene is idyllic, conveying a sense of leisurely elegance that likely reflects the company's target market for women's fashionable outerwear. The text on the front reads "Confidence" above the illustration, and the business addresses below the illustration are: Broadway Cor. Prince / 8th Ave. Cor. 40th. The back of the card is a full advertisement for the company, featuring more details of their offerings. This card is one of two in the record.

This trade card advertises music lessons offered by S. & E. Weinlander's. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a child playing a drum accompanied by a monkey. The style of the illustration suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic. The back of the card provides the full advertisement, detailing pricing for music instruction: "Gents $6.00 & Ladies $5.00 for ten weeks of twenty lessons." Two addresses are listed: 290 Court Street, Brooklyn, and 125 Rivington St., NYC. Private lessons were also available.

This trade card advertises S. & E. Weinlander's dancing academy, which offered dancing lessons in New York City and Brooklyn. The front of the card features a young girl holding a fan and a bubble pipe. The back of the card is an advertisement for dancing lessons, which cost $6.00 for gentlemen and $5.00 for ladies for ten weeks of twenty lessons. The academy was located at 290 Court Street, Brooklyn and 125 Rivington Street, New York City. They also offered private lessons.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing store with locations in Jersey City, New Jersey and New York City. The front of the card features a woman with a bright red umbrella standing on a beach shore. The ocean, a lighthouse, and a sailboat are depicted in the background. The illustration is a stylized depiction of a seaside scene. On the back of the card, there is a full advertisement with the name of the store and multiple locations, including a listing for 565-567 Broadway, 619-621 Eighth Ave in New York, and 43-44 Newark Avenue in Jersey City.

This trade card advertises M. P. Frank, a clothier located at 84 South Pearl Street in Gloversville, New York. It depicts two children reading a book on the front of the card. The front of the card also notes the business's headquarters in Boston, Massachusetts, and mentions four other branches. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises L. Ephraim, a clothier located at No. 176 Bowery, opposite Delancey Street, New York. The front of the card depicts a boy smelling a flower. He is dressed in a suit and holds a hat in his hand. The background features a building and a cityscape.

This trade card advertises S. Isselbacher, a cobbler in New York City. The front of the card depicts a detailed illustration of a cobbler seated at his workbench, mending a shoe by candlelight. The scene is rendered in dark tones, creating a sense of intimacy and highlighting the meticulous nature of the cobbler's craft. The address is visible in the illustration: 77 Columbia St., near Rivington. The back of the card features a full advertisement, clearly stating "BOOTS & SHOES MADE TO ORDER."

This trade card advertises L. Ephraim, a clothier located at 176 Bowery, opposite Delancey Street, New York, New York. The front of the card depicts a young girl picking a flower. The background features trees and foliage.

This trade card advertises the clothing business Hershfield & Silverstone, located at 170 Bowery, between Broome and Spring Streets in New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of a young boy holding an American flag, standing next to an American eagle. The back of the card includes a full advertisement for the business.

This trade card advertises M. Levitsky, a clothing merchant located at 274 Bleecker Street, New York. The front of the card depicts a comical scene of a young boy stealing apples from a basket. The boy is dressed in a striped shirt and pants. He is holding a stick in his left hand and has one apple in his right hand. He looks back at the viewer with a sly grin. The image is set against a backdrop of a leafy tree, with a red brick wall and wooden fence in the background. The back of the card is a full advertisement, promoting Levitsky's clothing offerings and stating that the business has been established since 1857. The back of the card also advertises that Levitsky speaks French and German.

This trade card advertises Hershfield & Silverstone, a clothing store located at 170 Bowery, between Broome and Spring Streets in New York. The front of the card depicts a shepherd with a flock of sheep. The background includes a landscape with a river. The back of the card features a full advertisement for the business. The card has a blue border, with the company's name printed in the center of the card.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing store located in New York City. The front of the card features a depiction of a young man and woman walking down a street. The text below them indicates two store locations: 565.567 Broadway corner Prince and 619.621 8th Ave. corner 40th. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for a January sale.

This trade card advertises D. Hartfield, a dry goods store established for 21 years at 326 Bleecker Street in New York City. The front of the card showcases a charming illustration of a child gleefully riding a sled made entirely of thread, with a butterfly perched nearby. This whimsical image likely represents the "Star Braid" product line, as advertised in the text at the top of the card. The back of the card features a fuller advertisement, emphasizing the store's longevity with the tagline, "The Old Reliable Stand." The back is not blank. The design style and imagery suggest the card dates from the late 19th century.

This trade card advertises M. H. Moses & Co., grocers located at 347 Grand Street, New York. The front of the card features a comical illustration of young boys in a band, playing musical instruments. Two of the boys are dressed in white outfits. There are three boys total. The card has a red border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Harry Marx, a clothier located at 2695 Third Avenue, New York, between 143rd and 144th Street. The front of the card features a head and bust portrait of a beautiful child wearing a bonnet. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business.

This trade card for Ehrich's department store in New York City features a two-sided design. The front depicts a child playing with toys, suggesting the store's focus on children's merchandise. The back of the card is a full advertisement that reads, "Santa Claus at Home! Every Day at Ehrich's," along with the store's address: Eighth Ave. & 24th St. The advertisement's festive message and imagery likely promoted holiday shopping. The style of illustration and the overall design suggest a late 19th-century origin.

This trade card advertises A. Abrams, described as "The Leading Harlem Hatter." The front of the card features a stylized illustration of a man wearing a tam o'shanter. The image is primarily in shades of brown and black. The text on the card is clear and states the business's name and address: 2202 & 2204 Third Ave. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Henry Dreyfus, a retailer of Ed. Pinaud's Perfumery. The front of the card showcases a woman holding a fan with the words "Bouton d'Or" visible. The image suggests elegance and sophistication, typical of perfume advertising in the late 19th century. The back of the card features a full advertisement for Ed. Pinaud's Perfumery including their address: 6 Cortland St., New York, and a calendar for the month of June. The style and imagery suggest a production date consistent with the 1881 date provided.

This trade card advertises Edwin C. Burt's Fine Shoes, sold by Samuel Cohn & Bro. at 281 Grand Street in New York City. The front of the card features a portrait of Lily Langtry, a famous English actress. The back of the card advertises a sale of 2,000 pairs of slightly soiled and misshapen shoes at half price.

A set of five trade cards featuring comical illustrations of zoo animals. Each card showcases a different scene. The cards were issued by S. W. Freund in New York, New York, United States, circa 1885. The cards are part of the collection Arc.MS.56, Volume 27, Page 1.

This trade card advertises the Wilbur Opera Company's performance at Jacobs & Proctor's Academy of Music in New York City. The front of the card depicts a hand holding flowers, announcing the opera company's commencement on May 4th. The back of the card features a full advertisement for Jacobs & Proctor's Academy of Music, stating admission is 10 cents. The card's design and illustration style suggest it is from the late 19th century. [The H.R. Jacobs Thalia Theatre, which operated from 1889-1890, was formerly known as the Bowery Theatre, a renowned venue that hosted famous guests such as Charles Dickens, Walt Whitman, and several U.S. Presidents. In 1889-1890, it was subleased to H.R. Jacobs, a Jewish theatre company that performed in Yiddish.]

This trade card advertises Samuel M. Lederer's "Popular Downtown Store" located at 207 & 209 Greenwich Street in New York City. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of three children carrying a giant egg. The illustration style is characteristic of late 19th-century advertising. The text on the card clearly identifies the business name and address. The back of the card is blank.

A black trade card advertising the perfumes of Herman Loeb & Co. The card features an illustration of birds in a nest in a dogwood tree. It indicates that the company operates in both Paris, France and New York City, New York, United States. Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises Armant's Perfumes, distributed by Herman Loeb & Co. The front of the card is black with a prominent white rose illustration. The text 'Armant's Perfumes...Herman Loeb & Co.; NYC' is visible. The back of the card contains additional advertising, though the specifics are not detailed in the provided information.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing store with locations in Jersey City, New Jersey and New York City. The front of the card features a cartoon cat dressed in a formal suit. The back of the card includes a detailed advertisement for the company.

Trade card for Max Stadler & Co., a clothing merchant located in New York, New York. The card features an illustration of a boy emerging from a piece of paper. The reverse side contains extensive advertising. Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises the business of George Meindel, a milliner and fancy goods dealer. The card is shaped like a fan and features a floral motif. The text on the front indicates that the business is located at 54 Avenue A, between 3rd and 4th Streets in New York City. The back of the card includes a full advertisement for the business, and notes that George Meindel has 5 years of experience with Le Moult and 13 years with Hanft Bros.

This trade card advertises Golding's, a dress goods store located at 8th Avenue and 36th Street in New York City. The front of the card features two girls in a park-like setting with a parrot. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business, including their services and products.

This trade card advertises Peiser's, a millinery goods store located at 409 8th Avenue, between 30th and 31st Streets, in New York City. The card features a whimsical illustration of a young boy tying a note around a bird. The bird flies to a tower where a girl is standing and the note is delivered. The girl, who is positioned in a tower, grabs the note and a rope ladder falls, leading to a fall into the boy's arms. This scene is illustrative of the delivery of a message, potentially related to the store's millinery goods. The card's back is blank.

This trade card advertises Ch. W. Waldman, a silk and fur hat manufacturer, located at 617 10th Ave., near 44th & 45th Street in New York City. The front of the card depicts a charming illustration of a boy wearing a hat sitting in a wheelbarrow. The image is likely intended to evoke a sense of childhood and the quality of the hats. The text 'Silk & Fur Hat Manufacturer' is clearly printed below the illustration. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Chas. W. Waldman, a silk and felt hat manufacturer in New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of a young boy ironing a hat. The card lists two addresses: a retail store located at 617 10th Avenue, near 44th Street, and a factory at 521 to 523 West 45th Street. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card, likely from the late 19th century, advertises R.H. Macy & Co. The front of the card depicts a charming illustration of a mother and child shopping in a department store. The image is reminiscent of the era and creates a positive feeling about the shopping experience. The store's name, "R.H. Macy," is prominently displayed, possibly near the bottom. The illustration is likely a depiction of the store's interior, showcasing the welcoming ambiance. The back of the card is blank. [Isidor and Nathan Straus were owners of R.H. Macy & Co. at this time.]

This collection comprises five trade cards issued by R.H. Macy & Co. in New York, New York, circa 1885. The cards, part of a larger collection (Arc.MS.56, Volume 21, Pages 12-13), depict imagery related to the department store's merchandise. The donor's note indicates the set is from "Arabian Nights" and that the cards were owned by Isidor and Nathan Straus.

This trade card advertises George Heyman, a furniture and household goods merchant located at 179 Canal Street in New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of two children hiding under a white sheet. They are peeking out at the viewer and laughing. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Bloomfield, a clothier located at 367 6th Avenue near 23rd Street in New York, New York. The front of the card features a black boy in a pose reminiscent of South American imagery, with a caption referencing 'South America'. The illustration is likely meant to promote exotic goods or an emphasis on a specific style of clothing. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., clothiers located at 565-567 Broadway, corner of Prince Street, New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a young boy pulling boats at the seashore. The scene is framed with a bright blue, green, and red border, while a yellow and orange sun sits at the top of the image. The back of the card contains a full advertisement, including prices for various clothing items.

This trade card advertises S. Bloomfield, a clothier located at 367 6th Avenue, New York. The front of the card features a drawing of two dogs, a Bassett hound and a terrier. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises H. L. Spiesman, a clothing merchant located at 19 Union Block, 1st Ave in Corry, Pennsylvania. The card depicts a whimsical scene, with a boy in a high shoe acting as a boat, carrying a girl in a dress. The back of the card features an advertisement for Edwin Burt, a New York based clothing merchant. The back of the card also includes the text 'National Card of Edwin Burt'.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing store with two locations in New York City: 565-567 Broadway, corner of Prince Street, and 619-621 8th Avenue, corner of 40th Street. The front of the card features a romantic illustration of Cupid holding back a garden gate from a young girl who is trying to enter. The illustration is framed with a green border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises W. Duke, Sons & Co. The front of the card features a caricature depicting a man, possibly Ockstein, greeting a baby. The illustration is in a style common to late 19th-century trade cards, employing simple lines and shading. The name "Duke & Sons" is prominently displayed. The back of the card is blank. The card's imagery, combining a friendly scene with the company name, suggests a marketing strategy aimed at establishing a positive brand image. However, the subject tags provided by the donor indicate the presence of anti-Semitic elements, which should be interpreted carefully by researchers and viewers. This is particularly important given the historical context of anti-semitism and the representation of Jewish merchants in this period.

This trade card advertises E.C. Burt's, a shoe and fine goods store located at 281 Grand Street, New York City. The front of the card depicts four children riding a large egg decorated with the American flag. The back of the card provides further details about the business and the types of shoes and fine goods sold.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a merchant tailoring firm in New York City. The front features an image of a woman standing in the center of a circular wreath of flowers. She wears a dress with a ruffled collar and a feathered hat. She holds a fan and appears to be looking up at the viewer. The background features a floral design. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business, including its two addresses: 461.467 Broadway, corner of Grand Street, and 619.621 Eighth Avenue, corner of 40th Street. It also advertises custom tailoring services, suits, and coats.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing retailer with two locations in New York City: 461-467 Broadway, cor. Grand St., and 619-621 Eighth Ave., cor. 40th St. The front of the card features a drawing of a Black girl with a blue bonnet and a yellow and orange dress holding clothes pins. She stands in front of a fence with an advertisement on it and pink lilacs. The back of the card announces a “Full Dissolution Sale.” The style of the illustration and the sale announcement suggest that this card is from the late 19th century. The back of the card shows an image of clothing items.

This trade card advertises Harris Bros., a glove manufacturer and retailer located at 877 Broadway between 18th and 19th Streets in New York City. The front of the card features an elegant illustration of a young woman wearing a stylish hat and matching gloves. The gloves are tan-colored and are prominently displayed. The background features a decorative pattern. The back of the card provides a detailed advertisement for gloves of all descriptions, including chamois and other novelties. The back of the card includes a border.

This trade card advertises Stern Brothers, a clothing retailer located at 32, 34, and 36 West 23rd Street in New York City. The front of the card features a ship in the middle of a circular design with flowers along the border. The back of the card includes a full advertisement, with a picture of a lady's boot in the center.

This circular trade card advertises Stern Brothers, a dry goods store located at 32, 34, and 36 West 23rd Street, New York City. The front of the card features a ship sailing on a body of water. There are flowers on the border. The back of the card has a full advertisement. In the center of the advertisement, is a depiction of a ladies' glove.

This trade card advertises S. Cohn, a dry goods store located at 73 Avenue A, New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of an angel holding a basket of flowers, promoting 'National Austen Cologne.' The back of the card contains a full advertisement, but the details are not visible in the image.

This trade card advertises Ehrichs', a glove store located at 8th Ave. & 24th Street in New York City. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of two children interacting with a doll. The style of the illustration is lighthearted and comical, and the overall color scheme appears to be predominantly green. The text on the front seems to include the phrase “No Such Thing”, possibly part of a slogan or caption related to the image. The back of the card is fully dedicated to an advertisement for Alexandre Kid Gloves.

This trade card advertises Oscar Strasburger & Co., a dry goods store located at 445 Broadway, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of five birds perched on a branch. Two blue birds with tufted heads are sitting near a nest. The image has a bright, vibrant feel with the birds painted against a background of vibrant orange blossoms. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Oscar Strasburger & Co., a dry goods store located at 445 Broadway in New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of five birds. Two blue birds are perched on a branch of pink flowers with red berries. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Oscar Strasburger & Co. at 445 Broadway, New York, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of two bluejays with a nest and red flowers. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Oscar Strasburger & Co., a general store located at 445 Broadway in New York City. The front of the card features a stylized illustration of seashells nestled on leaves. The seashells are mostly pink, with one broken open to reveal its inner pearl. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Oscar Strasburger & Co., a general store located at 445 Broadway, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of seashells, leaves, and flowers. The back of the card is blank. The card has a red border and is part of a set of five cards.

This trade card advertises Oscar Strasburger & Co., located at 445 Broadway, New York, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of a tiger cowrie seashell on a colorful leaf. The shell is surrounded by other seashells and leaves. The back of the card is blank. There is an additional trade card in this record, that features a similar design with other seashells.

This trade card advertises Oscar Strasburger & Co., a dry goods store located at 445 Broadway, New York City. The card features a simple design with three seashells resting on leaves. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Oscar Strasburger & Co., a dry goods store located at 445 Broadway, New York City. The front of the card features a decorative design with sea shells, leaves, and pink flower bells. This card is one of five in the set. The shells are depicted in shades of yellow, pink, black, and white. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Oscar Strasburger & Co., a dry goods store located at 445 Broadway, New York. The front of the card features a delicate illustration of three birds, two of which are blue. A nest of eggs is shown beneath a branch of berries, adding a charming touch to the image. The card has a red border around the edges. The verso of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Oscar Strasburger & Co., a general store located at 445 Broadway in New York, New York. The front of the card features an image of birds, including two quails and four chicks, surrounded by green leaves. The background of the card is blank. The back of the card, not included in the record, likely contained more information about the store and its offerings.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing store located at 565 and 567 Broadway, corner of Prince Street, and 619 and 621 Eighth Avenue, corner of 40th Street, New York. The card features a well-dressed boy and girl playing outside with a toy cannon. The front of the card is bordered in red, and the text is in black. The back of the card features a holiday advertisement, advertising a valuable gift with purchase.

This trade card advertises the clothing business, Cohen Bros., located at 289 Sixth Ave, corner 18th Street, New York City. The front of the card is a simple design. It features an image of a red rose, the business name, and their address. The card is entirely black and white, with a yellow, gold, or very light brown tint. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Nathan's Fine Shoes, located at 229 Sixth Avenue corner 15th Street in New York City. The card features a young woman in a bright orange coat and a fur-lined collar. She is standing on a snowy landscape with a dog and a duck beside her. She holds ice skates in her hands. The card notes that it is copyrighted by Graf Bros. in Philadelphia. The card is one of three in a set.

This trade card advertises Nathan's, a clothier located at 229 Sixth Avenue, corner of 15th Street, New York. The card features a charming image of a young girl, standing outside, wearing a long, dark coat and black boots. She holds a walking stick and has a dog by her feet. The image has an autumnal feel. The back of the card has a full advertisement.

This trade card advertises Nathan's Fine Shoes, a shoe store located at 229 Sixth Avenue (corner of 15th Street) in New York. The front of the card features a color illustration of a young girl in a white dress and stockings holding a cat by a ribbon. She stands outside in a garden setting, holding a parasol. The card includes a copyright notice by Graf Bros. in Philadelphia.

This is a unique, fold-out trade card in the shape of a stocking from Stern Brothers, a prominent New York City department store. The front of the card is designed to resemble the top of a Christmas stocking, with the playful question: "What shall we put in the children's stockings? See inside." When opened, the inside reveals a comprehensive advertisement showcasing a wide variety of goods for girls and notions for men. The card is predominantly red and features a detailed listing of items. The back of the card includes the business's full address: 32, 34, 36 West 23rd Street.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing store with multiple locations in New York City and Jersey City. The front of the card depicts a group of people roller skating. The scene is set in a park with trees and greenery. The card features a red border. The back of the card includes an advertisement for the business. It mentions a removal from the Broadway store.

Trade card advertising Max Stadler & Co., located at Broadway, corner of Prince Street, and 8th Avenue, corner of 40th Street, in New York, New York. The card depicts a mother holding a child high against a dark background with a basket of goods on the ground. The reverse side features a full advertisement. Circa 1885.

Trade card advertising Ehrichs', located at Eighth Avenue and 24th Street in New York, New York. The card depicts a girl teaching a dressed dog to sit up. The reverse side advertises a grand opening exhibition of toys and holiday goods. Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises Oldenborg's, a grocery store in East New York, New York. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a girl wearing a red hat. The style of the illustration and the overall aesthetic suggest a late 19th-century origin. On the back of the card, the text reads, "Successor to H. Ehrich's," identifying the store's predecessor, followed by the business's description as "The Cheap Cash Grocer." The address, corner of Glenmore and Schenck Aves, East New York, is also clearly printed.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing retailer located at 565 & 567 Broadway Corner Prince Street and 619 & 621 Eighth Ave. Cor. 40th St. in New York, New York. The front of the card depicts a man presenting a lady with a bird's nest filled with birds. The back of the card provides a full advertisement, promoting 'ten day bargins'. The back of the card also includes text that appears to be in Hebrew.

Trade card for Max Stadler & Co., located at Broadway, cor. Grand Street, and Eighth Ave. cor. 40th Street, New York, New York. The card depicts a man looking at a cat on grass and a man holding a sign that reads "My Compliments." The reverse side features a full advertisement and an announcement of an open house. Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises S. Sulzberger, a dealer of fancy goods, located at 8th Avenue and 23rd Street, near the Grand Opera House in New York City. The card features a whimsical illustration of a train filled with people, mostly couples. It is one of three cards in the record. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Sulzberger, a dry goods store located at 8th Avenue and 23rd Street, New York City. The front of the card depicts a scene inside a restaurant. People are seated at tables, and waiters are walking around carrying trays. The card is part of a set of three trade cards.

This trade card advertises Peiser's, a millinery shop located at 409 Eighth Avenue, between 30th and 31st Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a minstrel boy playing with a dog and a rabbit. The minstrel is dressed in colorful attire and holds a musical instrument, adding a festive feel to the scene. The background features a park-like setting, with trees and foliage. The back of the card provides more information about the business, emphasizing Peiser's expertise in exclusive millinery. The card has a simple, elegant design, with a black border and a white background.

This trade card advertises Louis Geist, a men's and boys' clothing store located at 260 Bowery, between Prince and Houston Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a comical illustration. A Black man has his head stuck in a board, and a person throwing a ball accidentally hits a woman. The illustration is a caricature and contains racist imagery. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the jewelry business of R. Goldvogel, located at 357 Grand Street in New York City. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of three boys playing in the snow. A snowman stands in the background with a broom. Two of the boys are having a snowball fight. The card notes that the business was established in 1854. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Rosenstein Brothers, agents for Royal Brand Fish Delicacies, located in New York City. The front of the card depicts a lively picnic scene where people are enjoying various fish delicacies. The back of the card features an advertisement for Royal Brand Fish Delicacies, which lists several different varieties of fish. [Royal Brand Fish Delicacies was a product of the Union Fish Co. of Maine, the American Sardine Co., and the Frontier Packing Co.] The card includes a bold red border.

This trade card for Peiser's, located at 409 Eighth Avenue between 30th and 31st Streets in New York City, features a detailed illustration of a boy in a blue jacket standing by a brick wall, looking toward the left while holding a small bird in his right hand. The bird is facing left and appears to be singing. The boy's hair is light brown, and he wears a straw hat. The image is surrounded by a decorative, dark brown border and a red banner with the company's name at the top, with the address below. The background of the image is a cream-colored wall, and the brick wall has a light gray mortar. The card's reverse side provides additional details about the business.

This trade card advertises Peiser's, a clothing store located at 409 Eighth Avenue, New York City. The card features an image of two children hugging on a stone wall. They are dressed in Victorian style attire. The card is printed in black and white. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Peiser's, a fancy goods store located at 409 Eighth Avenue in New York, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of a girl with a bird perched on a stone wall. She appears to be wearing a dress with an elaborate pattern. The image is framed by a decorative border. The back of the card is full of advertisements for the store.

Trade card advertising Peiser's, located at 409 Eighth Avenue, between 30th and 31st Streets in New York, New York. The card depicts two children tumbling off a stone wall. The back of the card contains a full advertisement. The card dates from circa 1885. Two versions of the trade card are present in the collection.

This trade card advertises Langsdorf & Co., a clothing store located at 643 Broadway, corner of Bleecker Street in New York City. The front of the card shows a romantic scene with a couple about to kiss, while a woman in a red dress observes them. A cow grazes in the background. The back of the card advertises men's and boys' dress and business wear.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing retailer in New York City. The front of the card depicts a comical scene of two well-dressed African American boys in a horse-drawn buggy that appears to be toppling over. The back of the card provides details about the store's locations: 42 & 44 Newark Avenue, Branch of Broadway cor. Prince St.; Eighth Avenue cor. 40th St. It also includes a full advertisement for the business.

Trade card advertising the move of Julius Sichel's business to a new building at 50, 52, and 54 North Eighth Street in New York, New York. The card depicts a baby eating out of a blue bowl and standing on a bed. The card also advertises a move from the previous location at 105, 107, 109 North Eighth Street. The card is circa 1885.

This trade card advertises H. B. Epstein, a men's furnisher located at 246 Third Avenue, New York City, between 20th and 21st Streets. The front of the card features a humorous illustration of a man cutting a shirt while another man pulls on something with a cane. A cashier watches the scene and a young boy observes. The back of the card provides a full advertisement for men's furnishings.

This trade card advertises Ehrichs', a toy and holiday goods store located at Eighth Avenue and 24th Street in New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of a young girl holding a parrot on a stand. The background is light and uncluttered. The back of the card lists the store's inventory of toys and holiday goods.

This trade card advertises Ehrichs', a clothing store in New York City. The front of the card features a pink rose on a bed of white flowers. The back of the card advertises cloaks and dolmans, but the rest of the text is obscured. The address is listed as Eighth Avenue and between 24th and 25th Streets, New York. The card has a red border, with the address listed in a red box at the top. The text is in black. The card is dated circa 1885.

This trade card advertises the London & New York Plants Co., owned by S. Friedemann. The front of the card depicts a basket overflowing with a colorful assortment of artificial flowers. The address, 639 Broadway, New York, is prominently displayed on the front of the card. The back of the card lists the business name and address and states that their flowers are 'copied from nature.'

This trade card advertises R.H. Macy & Co., located in New York City. The card features a charming illustration of three children dressed in elegant attire and riding in a gondola. The gondola is decorated with a white, red, and pink color scheme. A gold spiral awning adorns the boat, and a golden palace is visible in the background. The design of the card is whimsical and captivating. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Nathan & Co., a shoe store located at 221 Sixth Avenue between 14th and 15th Streets in New York City. The front of the card showcases a full-color illustration of a young Japanese woman, dressed in a pink kimono, holding a fan. This image is surrounded by text advertising men's, boys', misses', and children's shoes, highlighting the store as 'Headquarters for Roller Skates and Shoes'. The style and colors of the illustration suggest a late 19th-century aesthetic. The back of the card is blank. Note that the depiction of the Japanese girl in this image reflects the cultural attitudes and stereotypes prevalent at the time and should be viewed within that historical context.

Trade card advertising M. Schneider's hair and shaving dressing parlor and bath rooms, also a dealer in domestic and imported cigars, located at 396 Sixth Avenue near 24th Street in New York, New York. Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises M. Schneider's hair and shaving dressing parlor, located at 396 Sixth Avenue near 24th Street in New York City. [It is interesting to note that the business also sold domestic and imported cigars.] The front of the card displays a hand holding a basket of white flowers. There is a red stripe on the sweater worn by the hand. The back of the card features a more detailed advertisement.

This black trade card advertises Herman Loeb & Co., a perfumery with locations in New York City and Paris, France. The card features an illustration of two birds in a nest inside a dogwood tree, The card's text reads “EXQUISTE PERFUMES…HERMAN LOEB & CO…PARIS &; NYC;”. The front of the card contains the image and text, and the back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Jacob Geswein, a clothier located at 325 8th Avenue, between 26th and 27th Streets in New York, New York. The front of the card features a simple design with the store's name and address printed in black on a light background. The card appears to be made of textured paper with a reddish-brown hue. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Louis R. Grabowsky, a clothier located at 717 Third Avenue, between 44th and 45th Streets, New York. The front of the card features a single red rose, a symbol of elegance and beauty often associated with high-quality clothing. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card for A. L. Isaac's, a grocery store located at the corner of 28th Street and 8th Avenue in New York City, features a prominent red rose design. The image likely represents the store's name and the quality of its products. The card is likely from around 1885 and is printed in English. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Blumenthal's, a furnishings store located at 631 Eighth Avenue between 40th and 41st Streets in New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of a couple dressed in colonial attire standing outside a building. The building is a two-story structure with a white facade and a dark roof. The back of the card features an advertisement for Blumenthal's wide selection of household goods, including refrigerators, tables, pocket cutlery, china, and glassware.

This trade card advertises Jacob Hyman & Son, a dealer of scrap pictures, cards, and paper. The front of the card features a basket of flowers on a background with a design suggestive of a floral bouquet. The address is printed at the bottom: 165 William Street, New York, NY. The back of the card contains more detailed information about the business, including the advertising of programs and novelties.

This trade card advertises Blankenstein's, a tobacco merchant with locations at 630 Eighth Avenue and the corner of Vesey Street and Church Street in New York City. The front of the card features a group of children looking up at a man holding a sign, which is too faded to be deciphered. The back of the card is blank. The card has a blue border. The card appears to be from the early 1900s, but the exact date is unknown.

This trade card for Ehrichs' Boot and Shoe Merchants, located at Eighth Avenue and 24th Street, New York City, features a black boot-shaped card with a white cat inside. The back of the card depicts a woman in a dress and the store's advertisement.

This trade card, from the Gustave & Charles Frohman theatrical company, features a dramatic illustration on the front. A woman in a white dress kneels with her head in her hands, while a man in a fine suit appears poised to strike her. The image is set against a dark backdrop. Text at the bottom of the card reads, "The Veil for You, The Shroud for Him." The back of the card is blank. A second image from this record shows a similar dark illustration, with a woman and man in period clothing. This record also includes biographical information on Daniel Frohman.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., clothiers. The front of the card depicts a man and a woman on a phone call. A father, looking anxious, watches on. [Max Stadler and Co. operated several locations. The trade card lists addresses in both Jersey City, New Jersey and New York, New York.] The back of the card includes an advertisement.

This trade card advertises Fleischmann & Co., yeast manufacturers. The front of the card features an illustration of three children on a sled. The back of the card warns consumers to beware of imitations and counterfeit products. It also indicates that the card was issued in 1897.

This trade card advertises Rice, Born & Co., a New Orleans-based company that sold New York Enamel Paint. The front of the card features a comical illustration of an artist painting. The back of the card advertises the New York Enamel Paint Company, a company based in New York City.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., clothiers with multiple locations in New York City and Newark, New Jersey. The front of the card depicts a caricature of Black children with a broken horse-drawn seat. This imagery is problematic and reflects the racist attitudes prevalent during the time period. The illustration's style is consistent with late 19th-century printmaking techniques. Below the illustration, the card lists the business's addresses: 619 & 621 Eighth Ave. cor. 40th St.; Branch of Broadway cor. Prince; and 42 and 44 Newark Ave. The back of the card features a full advertisement; the text is too small to fully transcribe.

This trade card advertises the Vienna Delicatessen, owned by A. Levi. It features an illustration of a frog shooting frogs out of a cannon, creating a whimsical and humorous scene. The card's design is done in red and sepia tones. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card for R.H. Macy & Co. features a charming illustration of a Dutch boy holding a large umbrella. The image is likely meant to evoke a sense of Dutch heritage and craftsmanship, possibly alluding to the store's extensive selection of goods. The text on the card is minimal, primarily featuring the R.H. Macy & Co. logo. The back of the card is blank. This card is one of two in this record. The second image also features a Dutch boy with an umbrella, but with slightly different details in the illustration. The background and coloring are similar. The back of this second card is also blank.

This trade card advertises L. Lowenstein, a house furnishings store located at 683 8th Avenue, near the corner of 43rd Street in New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of four bunnies looking up at an owl perched in a moonlit sky. The bunnies are standing on a topaz-colored leaf. The card is printed in brown sepia tones. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Jacobs & Bernstein's, clothing merchants located at the corner of 14th Street and 8th Avenue in New York City, under the New York Savings Bank. The front of the card depicts a mother bird in a nest with four baby birds. The nest is surrounded by flowers in shades of blue. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises M. H. Moses & Co., a meat market located at 208 East 120th Street, New York. The front of the card depicts a tranquil stream with a wagon parked near a tree. The back of the card features a more detailed advertisement for the business. The card is in a landscape orientation, with the stream and trees filling most of the image. The text is in black against a white background.

This trade card advertises the business of S. Bine, a retailer of laces, embroideries, and fancy goods. The card features a terrier dog standing on its hind legs with its paws crossed. The dog is holding an advertisement in its mouth, which promotes S. Bine's business. The back of the card features an advertisement for S. Bine's business. It includes the store's address: 130 Kearny Street, near Sutter, San Francisco, California. It also lists S. Bine's New York office address: 101 Franklin Street, New York. [S. Bine was previously in business with Lazarus Kline and Julius Kahn.]

This trade card advertises S. J. Nathan & Co., a clothing store located at 301, 303, 305 K Street N. E. Corner Third in Sacramento, California. [The company also had a wholesale location at 29 Battery Street in New York City.] The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of five children attempting to remove apples from a boy's basket. The back of the card includes an advertisement for the company's New York factory located at 78 Reade Street and mentions L. Phillips as a salesman working in both New York and San Francisco.

This trade card advertises Langsdorf & Co., a clothing retailer located at 643 Broadway, corner of Bleecker Street, in New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a baby in a basket, accompanied by two dogs. The background is a simple, decorative pattern. The back of the card includes a full advertisement for the business, advertising boys' and papas' suits and overcoats.

This trade card advertises R. H. Macy & Co. in New York. The front of the card features a detailed illustration of a baby in a crib. The baby is wearing a large blanket and is looking down at a doll laying on the crib bar. The card features a red border and a text box underneath the image.

This trade card advertises Peiser's, a clothing store located at 409 Eighth Avenue between 30th and 31st Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a scene of Afghan warriors riding on elephants. One warrior walks beside the elephant. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises E. Jacobs, a clothier located at 55 & 57 Avenue A, corner of 4th Street, in New York. The front of the card features a young girl in a green dress dancing with a doll. The background features a leafy floral motif. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises De Young's, a purveyor of artists' supplies. The front of the card features a sepia-toned portrait of Zachary Taylor, the 12th president of the United States. The portrait is likely intended to evoke a sense of American history and patriotism, associating De Young's with high-quality materials favored by skilled artists. Below the portrait, the address is clearly printed: 815 Broadway, three doors from 12th St., New York. The back of the card is blank. The card indicates that De Young's sold oil paints and crayons.

This trade card advertises the clothing store Max Stadler & Co. in New York City. The front of the card features a large, colorful illustration of Santa Claus riding in a sleigh pulled by reindeer. The illustration is festive and includes a depiction of the company's storefront. There is a large amount of text surrounding the illustration on the front of the card, with a bold headline reading: 'Holiday Sale!' The back of the card is blank. The card lists two addresses for the business: 565.567 Broadway, Corner Prince [presumably Prince Street], and 619.621 Eighth Ave., Cor. 40th [presumably 40th Street].

This trade card advertises Louis Bock, a dealer in fine groceries located at 652 Sixth Avenue, New York. The front of the card depicts two children interacting with a mouse and a cat. The mouse is perched on a stack of books, while the cat sits on a pillow. The girl in the illustration is holding a doll. The back of the card has a full advertisement for a holiday sale. The card is likely from the 1880s.

This folded trade card advertises Tobin's 'Xmas' Card Bazaar located at 216 Sixth Avenue above 14th Street and 299 Broadway near Duane Street in New York. The front of the card features two gentlemen on one side and two ladies on the other. The inside of the card contains a full advertisement for art souvenirs and Christmas cards. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Joseph Jacobs, a clothier located at 83 Chatham Street, New York. The front of the card features a scene at a zoo, with a girl in a blue dress with a ribbon in her hair standing in front of a large animal enclosure. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business.

This trade card advertises Joseph Jacobs, a clothier located at 83 Chatham Street, New York. The front of the card features a charming illustration of children playing croquet in a park-like setting. A dog is chasing ducks, adding a playful touch to the scene. A girl in a red dress, a girl in a yellow dress, and a boy in a blue jacket are depicted. The background includes trees and greenery. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business.

This trade card, issued on January 1, 1899, advertises Fleischmann & Co., yeast manufacturers in New York City. The front of the card depicts a young woman wearing a red hat and matching sleeves, a gold dress, and sitting on a bench. A blue bird with a flower in its mouth flies above her. The background is a peach color. The back of the card features the company's advertising message.

This trade card advertises Ehrichs', a clothing and dry goods store located at 8th Avenue and 24th Street, New York. The front of the card features a small kitten wearing a shoe. The back of the card has a full advertisement featuring two well-dressed women. The back opens up to reveal a full advertisement size, though the card itself is half the size of the shoe advertisement.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing retailer with two locations in New York City: Eighth Avenue corner 10th Street and Broadway corner Grand Street. The front of the card features a charming illustration of two kittens on toboggans, sliding up and down a hill. The card has a bright red border. The back of the card is fully devoted to advertising.

This trade card advertises Peiser's, a clothing store located at 409 Eighth Avenue, between 30th and 31st Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a simple design with a basket of white and purple flowers. The back of the card provides additional information about the business.

This trade card advertises the business of Edwin C. Burt, a clothier and merchant tailor located at 81 N. Eutaw Street, Baltimore. The card features an illustration of a peacock and a Chinese lady in blue and sepia with gold accents. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business. [Levi Weinberger is mentioned in association with this business].

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothier located in New York City. The front of the card is a charming illustration of a group of infants playing with upside-down flowers. The babies are all wearing white gowns and caps and are holding the upside-down flowers in their hands. The card is printed in shades of red, cream, and black. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for a sale, advertising “Final Chance Sale.”

This trade card advertises C. H. & E. S. Goldberg, furniture dealers with locations at 326 Washington Street and 31 Jay Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a comical illustration of a boy in black and sepia leaning over a ship's rail. The back of the card advertises showcases, featuring an illustration.

This trade card advertises Eckstein & Wertheimer, jewelers located at 529 Broadway, New York City. The front of the card depicts a well-dressed young man playing a flute, resembling a horn. He is standing amidst ornate floral and scrolling designs. The card is printed in shades of brown and gold, adding a luxurious touch. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., clothing merchants with locations at Broadway and Grand Street, and 8th Avenue and 40th Street in New York City. The front of the card depicts a young woman holding a pug dog. Her left hand rests on the dog's head, while her right hand rests on the dog's back. The background features a decorative design of floral and geometric patterns. The back of the card features a full advertisement for the business.

This trade card advertises S. Salomon, a hatter and furrier located at 92 Lexington Street, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of two buildings that appear to be the Astor family's mansions (Astor House) on Broadway in Manhattan, one of the most expensive areas of the city. They stand tall in a seemingly urban setting. The card has a red and black border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises M. Schneidt's, a clothing store located at 155 Essex Street, New York City. The card shows a girl and a boy playing with a toy gun. The back of the card features an advertisement for the store. There are two other cards associated with the store in this collection. This is two out of three.

This trade card advertises M. Schneidt's, a store located at 155 Essex Street, New York, between Rivington and Stanton Streets. The front of the card shows two children pushing a dolly, decorated with a hat. The back of the card is filled with an advertisement.

This trade card advertises M. Schneidt's, a dry goods store located at 155 Essex Street, between Rivington and Stanton Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of two boys in soldier garb carrying a girl in a cage. The girl is crying. The back of the card provides more information about the business.

This trade card advertises H. Weinhagen, a pretzel baker located at 152 William Street, New York. The front of the card depicts a young boy and girl pulling a large pretzel. The image is likely intended to evoke a sense of childhood innocence and enjoyment, suggesting that Weinhagen's pretzels are perfect for children. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Kahn's Meat Market located at 37 First Avenue, near 2nd Street, New York. The front of the card features a cherub holding a weapon on a stick fence in a carrot patch. A building with a large archway can be seen in the distance. The card has a red border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Sulzberger's clothing store located at 8th Avenue and 23rd Street, New York, near the Grand Opera House. The card features a boy dressed in a suit, standing before a mirror. He appears to be admiring his reflection. The back of the card features an advertisement for the business.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing retailer with locations at Broadway and Grand Street, as well as Eighth Avenue near 40th Street in New York City. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a boy riding a hare, wearing a straw hat. The illustration depicts a young man in a striped shirt and pants, holding a stick and riding a hare with a small white bird perched on its back. The illustration is surrounded by text. The text indicates that the business is open for business, indicating that the trade card could have been used to advertise a sale or grand opening. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing retailer in New York, New York. The front of the card features a simple illustration of a pair of doves against a light background. The back of the card includes a full advertisement for the business. Max Stadler & Co. had two locations in New York: 565 & 567 Broadway, corner of Prince Street, and 619 & 621 Eighth Avenue, corner of 40th Street.

This trade card advertises the dry-goods business of S. Bine, located at 130 Kearny Street, near Sutter, in the Thurlow Block, San Francisco, California. [Bine was previously in business with Lazarus Kline and Julius Kahn.] The card features an illustration of two women standing on a beach, watching a man in the water who is being bitten by a crab. The women are wearing long dresses, and one holds a parasol. The background includes the sea, sky, and sand. The front of the card includes the business name, address, and a decorative border.

Trade card advertising Max Stadler & Co., clothiers, located at 565, 567 Broadway (corner of Prince Street) and 619, 621 Eighth Avenue (corner of Fortieth Street), New York, New York. The card features illustrations including a caricature of a man and a Black woman in a window. The card also advertises "10,000 Books Given Away." Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises S. Salomon, a dealer in dress trimmings and findings, located at 92 Lexington Street in New York City. The front of the card features a red rose with green leaves, centered against a light green background. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card features a black and white image of Al Kaufman, a boxer, posed in fighting stance, wearing black trunks. The front of the card is a typical advertising card showcasing an athlete, suggesting a sponsorship or endorsement. The text on the back of the card mentions "Turkish Whiffs" and a "Win Record," indicating a connection to tobacco products. The back of the card also refers to a national card. The card likely dates to around 1910, consistent with the style of the photograph and printing techniques.

This trade card advertises Hassan, a cigar manufacturer located in New York. The front of the card features an illustration of Al Kaufman, a well-known boxer and wrestler who is known as 'The Jewish Hercules', in a fighting pose. He is wearing white pants and a white shirt. The card has a blue border and states that Al Kaufman is a Hassan smoker. The reverse side provides biographical information about Kaufman and advertises Hassan Cigars.

This trade card advertises the clothing store M. Rosenthal located at 375 Eighth Avenue, near 29th Street in New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of a young girl in a pink dress. She is looking at a rabbit that is near several raw tomatoes on the ground. The image is framed by a black border with a red and white trim. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card, one of three in the record, advertises Isaac M. Seltzer's drugstore located at the corner of Clark Street and 403 Hudson Street in New York City. The front of the card features a decorative design with a rosebud and blue flowers and buds above it. The color scheme is predominantly blue and pink. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for Jamaica Ginger.

This trade card, one of three in the record, advertises Isaac M. Seltzer's drugstore located at the corner of Clark and Hudson Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a large, full-bloom red rose as its primary design element. The rose is depicted in a realistic style, with detailed rendering of its petals, leaves and stem, suggesting the use of color printing techniques. Below the rose, the address, "Corner Clark, 403 Hudson Street," is clearly visible. The back of the card features a full advertisement for Calisaya bark.

This trade card advertises Isaac M. Seltzer's drugstore located at the corner of Clark and 403 Hudson Street, New York. The front of the card features a cluster of grapes hanging from a branch, showcasing the variety of products that Seltzer sold. The card's back provides a full advertisement for a cholera remedy.

This trade card advertises Goldstein Brothers, clothiers, located at 183 & 185 Eighth Avenue, between 19th and 20th Streets, New York, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of two young boys fishing from a rock in a stream. They are wearing clothing that appears to be the product sold by Goldstein Brothers, as the boys have a gentlemanly appearance. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card for Lazarus & Stender, a wine and liquor store located at 2274 Third Avenue between 124th and 125th Streets in New York, features an illustration of children playing. The front of the card has a red and gold border. The image features children playing in a park-like setting. They are depicted in various poses and activities. There are two trees to the left and right of the children. The illustration captures the sense of joy and innocence associated with childhood. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Nathan's clothing store, located at 229 Sixth Avenue, corner of 14th Street in New York City. The card features a simple design with a basket of white flowers on a dark background. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Bloomfield, a merchant located at 367 6th Avenue, New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of a young woman dressed in Indigenous clothing and accessories, including a feather headdress. The woman holds a long staff and stands before a backdrop of a mountainous landscape, with a moon and stars visible in the sky. The card also notes that mail orders are accepted. The back of the card includes a detailed advertisement for the business.

This trade card advertises James Rothschild, a clothing manufacturer located at 477 Eighth Avenue, corner of 34th Street, New York. The front of the card displays a photograph of machinery, likely from Rothschild's manufacturing facility. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for the business, including details about its offerings and services.

This trade card advertises S. Sulzberger, a dry goods store located at the corner of 8th Avenue and 23rd Street in New York City. The front of the card depicts a lively scene of people dancing at a ball. The card is likely from the 1880s. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises R.H. Macy & Co. in New York City. The front of the card features a young boy dressed in a military uniform and holding a sword and a bottle. He is looking at the viewer with a serious expression. The illustration appears to be set in a park with trees in the background. The background is white with red and black lettering. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Bloom's, a dry goods and house furnishings store located at 48 and 50 West 14th Street, New York. The front of the card features a charming illustration of two children, a boy and a girl, reading a book together in a park setting. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business.

This trade card for R. H. Macy & Co. features a young boy, dressed as a prince, with a sword between his legs. He wears a lavish crown and is holding a decorative scepter. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Rosenstein Brothers, General Agents for Royal Brand Fish Delicacies, in New York City. The front of the card depicts a family enjoying a picnic with cans of sardines. The card appears to be printed in colors, with the family figures and the cans of sardines highlighted in red. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for the company.

This trade card advertises R. H. Macy & Co. at their location in New York, New York. The front of the card depicts two stylish girls playing with a doll. The girls are well-dressed, and their attire suggests a time period around 1885. The background of the illustration is unclear. The back of the card features a full advertisement for the business.

This trade card advertises S. Milkman's Popular Millinery Store at 442 & 444 Fulton Street, New York. The front of the card features a girl holding a bouquet of flowers. The back of the card is a full advertisement.

This trade card advertises Stern Brothers, a department store located at 32, 34, 36 West 23rd Street, New York, New York. The front of the card shows a young woman wearing a richly decorated Italian costume, holding a fan in her hand. She appears to be standing in a room with an ornate, patterned rug and a table to the left. The back of the card features a full-length portrait of a boy wearing a suit, standing with his hands behind his back. He is looking directly at the viewer. The background of the image appears to be an outdoor setting with some greenery.

This trade card advertises Ehrichs', a cloaks and dolmans business located at Eighth Avenue and 24th Street in New York. The front of the card depicts a child holding a piece of jellied bread which a small dog appears to be attempting to snatch. The card is printed in brown ink and features a white border. The back of the card includes a full advertisement for Ehrichs', promoting their range of cloaks and dolmans.

This trade card advertises Ehrichs', a New York City retailer specializing in cloaks and dolmans. The front of the card features a delightful illustration of a young girl teaching her pet dog to sit up. The dog is wearing a collar and is looking at the girl with a playful expression. The girl's dress and hat are stylish, reflecting the fashion trends of the time. The back of the card is dedicated to a full advertisement for Ehrichs', highlighting their offerings of cloaks and dolmans in various styles. The ad also includes the store's location: Eighth Avenue & 24th Street, New York City.

This trade card advertises Ehrichs', a cloak and dolman manufacturer located at Eighth Avenue and 24th Street in New York. The front of the card depicts a young girl with a parrot perched on a stand. The parrot is wearing a necklace and a red cap. The girl is wearing a simple dress and a sash. The back of the card provides details about Ehrichs' business, advertising cloaks and dolmans in various styles. The background on the front is a single, light-colored area with a line at the bottom that appears to be a patterned carpet. It is a simple card with a simple illustration, but one that conveys the message well.

This trade card advertises M. Meyer, a shoe dealer located at 444 Grand Street, near the corner of Ridge Street, in New York City. The front of the card features a large drawing of a shoe decorated with flowers. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Jacob Hyman, a paper dealer located at 165 William Street, New York, New York. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a young boy, a young girl, and a baby. The boy is holding a ball, while the girl holds a doll. They are surrounded by flowers and trees. The back of the card is fully covered in advertising text.

This trade card advertises Abramson & Drechsler, manufacturers of upholstery goods, located at 34 West 14th Street in New York City. The front of the card features a colorful illustration of three children sitting amongst a flock of geese, surrounded by a decorative floral border. The children are wearing elaborate clothing with bright colors and patterns. The image suggests a theme of leisure and family. The reverse of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Cahn's drugstore located at 209 Bleecker Street, corner of Cottage Place, New York. The front of the card features a humorous illustration of a man seemingly in an accident. He is surrounded by household items and debris in a comical scene. The text on the card reads, 'A Mere Accident.' The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises David Zabinski, a clothier located at 1499 Third Avenue, New York, New York. The front of the card features a colorful illustration of a boy and girl on a boat shaped like a shoe. The back of the card provides a full advertisement for Zabinski's business.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., clothiers with multiple locations in New York and New Jersey. The front of the card features a comical illustration titled "They Rang Him Up the Wrong Number." The drawing shows a humorous scene likely related to ordering clothing or communication. The back of the card features a full advertisement with the business's multiple addresses: 565, 567 Broadway cor. Prince; 619, 621 8th Ave. cor. 40th (New York City); and 42 & 44 Newark Ave., Jersey City, New Jersey.

This trade card advertises Rosen, a business located at 37 Broadway in New York City. The front of the card features a portrait of Theodore Tilton, a prominent American journalist and author, and the back of the card includes a detailed advertisement for the business. The front of the card is in black and white, with a dark background. The lettering is in a stylized script font.

This trade card advertises Siegel's, a grocery store located on the corner of Warren and Broadway in New York City. The front of the card depicts a woman in a garden, holding a small basket and surrounded by flowers. The illustration is stylized, and the woman has a large, ornate hat. It appears to be a late 19th century image, likely from the 1880s. The back of the card features advertisements for the store's goods and services.

This trade card advertises Hecht & Morris, a dry goods store located at 8th Avenue and 47th Street in New York City. The card features an illustration of lilies, a common motif in trade cards of the period. The image is in black and white. The card appears to be blank on the back.

This trade card for I. Cohn, a clothier, depicts a group of children playing with a dog in a park setting. The card features a red border and includes the address 364 MANHATTAN AVE., NEW YORK. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Jos. Friedlander & Bro., opticians located at 8 Maiden Lane, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of a pair of eyeglasses. The back of the card has a full advertisement with more details about the business.

This trade card advertises F. Cohen, a grocer and provision dealer located at 15 Avenue C, corner of 2nd Street, New York City. The front of the card features an image of a fireman. [The card may have advertised a fire insurance policy in conjunction with the grocer and provision business.] The back of the card contains the business's address and a full advertisement.

The front of this trade card for A. Bottstein, a jeweler, is a simple design with an elaborate rose against a black background. Below the rose is the address, 285 6th Avenue, New York. The back of the card is a full advertisement.

This trade card advertises Mrs. R. Hafferberg's shop, specializing in ladies' underwear. The front of the card features a yellow rose, a common floral motif in advertising during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The text prominently displays "LADIES UNDERWEAR A SPECIALTY" and the address: 2010 THIRD AVE. BET. 110TH & 111TH STS., New York. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card advertising Nathan's Shoe Establishment and the Ankle Supporting Shoe Company, located in New York, New York. The card features a caricature of a Black woman and addresses at 221 Sixth Street between 14th and 15th Streets and 48 Warren Street. Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., clothiers with locations in Jersey City, New Jersey, and New York City. The front of the card features a comical illustration with text that reads, “I’m Wanted....It’s About Time.” The illustration's style suggests a humorous approach to advertising, likely aimed at a broad audience. The back of the card is a full advertisement listing multiple addresses in Jersey City and New York: 565.567 Broadway cor. Prince; 619.621 8th Ave. cor. 40th; 42 & 44 Newark Ave., Jersey City, New Jersey.

This trade card, from Max Stadler & Co., features a comical illustration on the front of a woman playing a bass fiddle, with the caption "WAITING TO BE ASKED." The illustration is likely meant to be humorous and eye-catching. Below the image, the card lists two addresses: Broadway cor. Grand St. and 8th Ave. cor. 40th St. The back of the card is fully printed with an advertisement for a dissolution sale, indicating a business closing. The style of the illustration and the overall design suggest a late 19th-century origin.

The trade card advertises M. Benjamin's, a grocer located at 199 Bowery, opposite Spring Street, in New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a young girl holding a fan and a cat. The girl is adorned with a beautiful gown and her hair is styled in a fashionable way. The overall style of the illustration is evocative of the Victorian era, with delicate details and soft colors. The image is likely meant to appeal to customers seeking a stylish and high-quality grocery experience. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Menkhoff's Candy Depot, located at 513 Eighth Avenue between 35th and 36th Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a simple illustration of a young boy reaching into a box of candy while his mother leads him away. The illustration appears to be based on a black-and-white drawing or engraving, creating a somewhat whimsical feel. The image is framed by a simple border, and the text is clear and easily legible. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Schwartz's Toy Bazaar, a toy store located at 300 Fulton Street, opposite Johnson, New York City. The front of the card features an image of an eagle. The back of the card features a full advertisement with the business name and a list of the products they sell: 'BABY CARRIAGES, VELOCIPEDE, TOYS AND GAMES'.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing retailer in New York City. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of children playing with a tricycle, a swing, and a rocking horse. The image likely represents the joy of childhood and the promise of happiness associated with the store's products. The card includes the store's addresses: 565 & 567 Broadway, corner of Prince Street and 619 & 621 8th Avenue, corner of 40th Street. The back of the card contains an advertisement for 'Holiday Bargains.'

This trade card for Max Stadler & Co. depicts a comical baseball scene titled "A Fine Catch." The illustration shows a humorous moment on a baseball field, likely intended to attract attention and be memorable. The card's front showcases the lively scene, and underneath, the company's addresses are prominently displayed: 461, 463, 465, & 467 Broadway, cor. Grand St.; and 619 & 621 8th Ave., cor. 40th St., New York City. The back of the card features an advertisement with prices, likely listing the clothing and furnishings sold by the company.

This trade card, advertising Max Stadler & Co., depicts a comical horse race scene. The illustration is done in black and white and shows horses and jockeys in a humorous, slightly chaotic race. The style suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic. The card includes the company's address: 565 & 567 Broadway, cor. Prince Street, New York. The front of the card features the illustration and address. The back of the card is not blank and displays an advertisement for a removal sale.

This trade card advertises Isaac Meyer, an "Artistic Hair Cutter," located at 88 Wall Street, between Water and Pearl Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a simple design with two rose buds and the business's name and description. The back of the card is blank. The style of the card suggests a late 19th-century origin.

This trade card advertises S. Bloomfield, a clothier located at 367 6th Avenue near 23rd Street, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of a young boy wearing a traditional English dress with a round collar, a small, pointed hat, and knee-length breeches. The words 'ENGLAND' are printed above the boy's image, suggesting that S. Bloomfield specializes in English clothing. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card for M. Rosendorff & Sons, dry goods merchants, features a prominent illustration of red and yellow roses with an Irish harp. The design is simple and elegant, likely to appeal to customers of the time. The card includes the business address: 277 & 279 Grand Street, between Eldridge and Forsyth Streets, New York City. The card has a narrow border of a brown-black color. The back of the card is blank. The text on the card is in English.

This trade card advertises Bloomingdale Bros., a clothing retailer located at Third Avenue and 56th Street in New York City. The front of the card features a single purple shoe with white flowers. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Bloomfield, a clothier located at 367 Sixth Avenue, New York. The front of the card features a beautifully lithographed image of a young boy. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Fleischmann & Co., yeast manufacturers. The front of the card features an illustration of two children on a swing, with a cat watching them. The swing is depicted with a bright, orange seat, and the children are dressed in period clothing. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for Fleischmann & Co. and its various yeast products.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., clothiers in New York City. The front of the card features a humorous illustration depicting a seaside scene with a man and a woman. The woman is looking at the man's new suit with an amused expression. The text on the card indicates two locations for the business: Broadway cor. Grand St. and 8th Ave. cor. 40th St. The back of the card is blank.

This is a national trade card advertising W. J. Austen & Co.'s Forest Flower Cologne. The card features a young woman with blonde curls wearing a straw hat. The illustration is set against a green backdrop. The back of the card has a full advertisement for the cologne. [The card was printed by C. Ulrich & Son. Ulrich, a Jewish merchant, operated a wholesale and retail dry goods store in Oswego, New York, in the late 19th century. He also printed trade cards, likely for other businesses in the area, as well as for his own products].

This trade card for Wiener, a clothing retailer located at 20 Fulton Street in New York City, features a comical illustration. The image is a caricature of a Black man playing a tambourine. The style and subject matter reflect the racist stereotypes prevalent in the late 19th century. The main text on the card reads, "COMICAL BLACK..."JUST SO"...BLACK WITH A TAMBOOREN." and lists the address of the business. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Wiener the Tailor, located at 20 Fulton Street, New York City. The front of the card features a caricature of a Black man playing a mandolin while wearing a large, bright red bow tie. The text “Sweet Violets” appears above the figure in the center of the card, which is framed by a simple black border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Ellis Jewelry Store, located at 359 6th Avenue, New York. The card features a bust of a young woman in black and white. The front of the card has a light blue border, with a white center. The card is embossed and the bust is printed in relief. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card advertising Peiser's, a millinery shop in New York, New York. The card depicts a girl on a balcony receiving a note from a dove. The reverse side features a full advertisement with prices for Derby and beaver hats. Circa 1885. From the collection of Judaica Americana.

Set of four comical trade cards for Mayer's, located at 490 & 492 Grand Street, New York, New York. The cards are black and white and feature advertisements on the back. The cards are part of a larger collection of trade cards and are dated circa 1885.

This trade card advertises Ph. Simon, a boot and shoe dealer located in New York. The front of the card features a comical illustration of a man in a soldier's uniform kneeling in front of a woman. The man is holding a gun and appears to be in a kneeling position, possibly proposing. The background is not detailed, but the card has a red border. The back of the card provides the business address and a detailed advertisement for the products offered by Ph. Simon. The address is written in pencil over a previous address and reads 151 (written in pencil over 103) East 103rd Street, between 3rd and Lexington Aves.

This trade card for Friedhoff & Brockmann, dealers in "Selected Wines, Liquors and Segars," features a comical illustration. The front of the card depicts a man aiming a rifle at a scarecrow. Text on the image reads, "Which Shall it Be?" The business's address is printed below the illustration: 608 Grand Street, Cor. Tompkins Street, New York. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card for Friedhoff & Brockman, dealers in selected wines, liquors, and segars, features a comical illustration of a man shooting a bird and falling down. The image is captioned "A Fowl Shot." The text on the card also includes the business's address: 608 Grand Street, Cor. Tompkins Street, New York. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Berliner Brothers, dry goods merchants located at 75 Avenue A, corner of 5th Street, in New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of a group of babies' heads, all positioned close together. The card has a red border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card, one of five in a series, advertises Langsdorf & Co., clothiers located at 643 Broadway, corner of Bleecker Street in New York City. The card features a child, a boy dressed in a solid-colored jacket. The card states its purpose is to showcase the merchandise. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Langsdorf & Co. at 643 Broadway, corner of Bleecker Street, New York. The card is printed in black and white. It features an illustration of a boy wearing a plaid jacket and short pants. The illustration appears to be a representation of the types of clothing sold by Langsdorf & Co. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Langsdorf & Co., clothiers located at 643 Broadway, corner of Bleecker Street, New York. The front of the card features a young boy wearing a solid-colored jacket and short pants. The image focuses on the boy's clothing, likely to showcase the merchandise offered by Langsdorf & Co. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Goldsmid, a hatter located in New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of ducks and text that reads, "The One Price Hatter." Below this, the address is clearly printed: 2312 Third Avenue, Bet. 125th & 126th Streets. The card also notes that silk hats made to order are a specialty. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card for Langsdorf & Co., a clothier located at 643 Broadway, corner of Bleecker Street, New York, shows a man wearing a plaid suit. This card is part of a set of five cards that are intended to show off the merchandise sold by the company. This card is one of five in a series. The front of the card features a man in a plaid suit. The front of the card is designed to showcase the merchandise, while the back likely contains additional information about the business.

This trade card advertises Langsdorf & Co., a clothing store located at 643 Broadway, corner of Bleecker Street in New York. The front of the card features a man in a plaid suit, an overcoat, and a silk hat, standing with his hands on his hips. The card's design is a bold visual statement, highlighting the quality and style of Langsdorf & Co's merchandise. The reverse side of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Goldsmid, a hatter located in New York City. The front of the card prominently features the phrase "THE ONE PRICE HATTER" above the business address: 2312 THIRD AVENUE, BET. 125TH & 126TH STREETS. It also notes that "Silk Hats Made to Order [are a] Specialty." The illustration on the card is difficult to interpret clearly from the provided image, but seems to depict a turkey. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Goldsmid, a hatter located in New York City. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of two birds perched in a tree; one bird has a feather jauntily placed on its head. Below the illustration, the text reads: "The One Price Hatter; 2312 Third Avenue, Bet. 125th & 126th Streets; Silk Hats Made to Order a Specialty." The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Goldsmid, a hatter located at 2312 Third Avenue between 125th and 126th Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a pair of blue jays perched on a tree branch. The card states that 'Silk Hats Made to Order' are a specialty. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Goldsmid, a hatter located at 2312 Third Avenue, between 125th and 126th Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of two hummingbirds, one of which is perched on a nest. The text prominently displays "The One Price Hatter" above the address and the statement "Silk Hats Made to Order a Specialty." The overall style and color scheme suggest it likely dates to the late 19th century. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Goldsmid, described as "The One Price Hatter." The front of the card features a charming illustration of two parrots perched in a tree. Below the image, the business name, address (2312 Third Avenue, bet. 125th & 126th Streets), and a statement highlighting the specialty in silk hats made to order are clearly printed. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises David's Prize Soap Co., a soap company located at 185 & 187 1st Avenue in New York. The front of the card depicts a young girl, with pigtails, playing a small piano. The inscription on the card reads, “All Got By Using David’s Prize Soap,” which suggests that the soap was associated with a prize or contest. The back of the card has a full advertisement, including a list of prizes, and the company name.

This trade card advertises David's Prize Soap Co., located at 185 and 187 1st Avenue in New York City. The front of the card features an angel presenting a woman with a gold watch. The background includes a colorful floral pattern. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business and a list of prizes.

This trade card advertises David's Prize Soap Company, located at 185 & 187 1st Avenue, New York City. The front of the card features a caricature of two African American women. The first woman holds up a basket of clothes as she tells the second woman about her chance to win a house and lot. The back of the card features a full advertisement with a list of prizes. It is unclear what, if anything, the prize soap was intended to be used for, but given the time period and subject matter, it is possible that the soap was marketed to those wanting to lighten their skin.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., clothing merchants located at Broadway corner Grand Street and 8th Avenue corner 40th Street, New York. The front of the card features a stylized illustration of a man in a top hat holding a walking stick and talking to a large turkey. The turkey appears to be wearing a crown. The background is a red and white checkered pattern. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for Max Stadler & Co. It is unclear what the content of the advertisement is.

This trade card advertises The Star Shoe Store, located at 20 West 14th Street in New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a young girl catching butterflies in a field. The text proudly proclaims, "The Largest, Handsomest, Cheapest Shoe Store in this Country." The business name and address are clearly printed beneath the image. The back of the card is a full advertisement with prices listed for various shoes.

This trade card advertises Armant's Perfumes, sold by Herman Loeb & Co. in New York, New York. The front of the card features an elegant floral design with pink and yellow roses, and daisies on branches. The back of the card is filled with an advertisement.

This trade card advertises S. & E. Weinlander's, a school supplies store in New York. The card features an illustration of a child dressed in a clown costume. The front of the card lists two addresses: 290 Court Street, Brooklyn and 125 Rivington Street, New York. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for the business.

This trade card advertises S. J. Nathan & Co., a clothing store located at 301, 303, and 305 K Street, corner of Third, in Sacramento, California. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a baby riding on a grasshopper. The baby is wearing a yellow bonnet. The background appears to show an empty, green landscape. The card has a blue border and a yellow frame around the image. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business.

This trade card advertises Jacobs & Bernstein, a clothing retailer located at the corner of 14th Street and Eighth Avenue, New York City. The card features a young woman in a purple dress. She wears a large hat with purple flowers and a band. She holds a fan in her lap, and the address of the store is printed on the fan. The back of the card is blank. The card is made of paper.

This trade card advertises Jacobs & Bernstein's clothing store, located at the corner of 14th Street and Eighth Avenue, New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a young girl in a red dress and white cap with a red bow. A bird is kissing her on the cheek, while a fan behind her displays the store's address. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card advertising Ehrichs', located at Eighth Avenue and 24th Street in New York, New York. The card depicts a hunting scene with two men on horseback and dogs. The reverse side announces a "Grand Spring Opening". The card is undated, but is circa 1885.

This trade card advertises Ehrichs', a clothing and dry goods store located at Eighth Avenue and 24th Street in New York City. The front of the card features a red bird with black wings and a black head sitting on a branch. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business.

This trade card advertises H. Waldstein, an optician located at 41 Union Square in New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of an Oriental woman holding a fan near a body of water. A bird perches on a parasol next to a bouquet of flowers. The style and subject matter of the illustration are suggestive of late 19th-century aesthetics. The back of the card is blank. [Henry Waldstein was a Jewish immigrant who began working as an optician in New York around 1840. Some of the instruments in his shop were made by his relatives in Munich and in Vienna.]

This trade card advertises Samuel Cohn & Bro., a shoe retailer located at 361 Sixth Avenue, near 22nd Street and 271 Grand Street, corner of Forsyth, in New York City. The front of the card depicts a woman in a blue dress and red stockings trying on a shoe. A turning wheel at the side of the card changes her shoe, adding a dynamic element to the scene. The back of the card features a full advertisement for the business.

This trade card advertises L. Kahn's Meat Market in New York City. The front features a decorative design of white and pink flowers in a sprig. The address is printed in a block. The back of the card describes the business, stating they offer a meat market and other food items, and free delivery. There is a separate address for a branch location.

This is a multi-page advertisement for Stern Brothers, a prominent New York City department store. The front page features a large illustration of the store's impressive building, depicted in architectural detail, with figures approaching its entrance. This image provides a clear visual representation of the store's scale and grandeur. The inside pages contain a detailed advertisement with further information about the merchandise offered, although the exact details are not fully visible from the available image. The back of the advertisement showcases an unusual and detailed map providing directions to the store, which occupied addresses across West 32nd, 34th, and 36th Streets and West 23rd Street.

This trade card advertises Kaufmann & Co., publishers located at 107 Duane Street, New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of a Grecian woman in a blue and pink gown. The woman has long, dark hair, and is wearing a simple, elegant dress that falls to her ankles. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Herman Loeb & Co., purveyors of Armant's Perfumes. The front of the card features two birds in a nest on a sprig of flowers. This is a small card with a simple design. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Armant's Perfumes, sold by Herman Loeb & Co. in New York. The front of the card features a red flower with a daisy inside and a sprig of flowers. The card has a white border. The back of the card is full of advertising text.

This trade card advertises S. J. Nathan & Co., a clothing store located at 301, 303, and 305 K Street, corner of Third Street in Sacramento, California. The front of the card depicts a girl and boy in fancy dress. The boy offers a plate of pears to the girl. The back of the card features a full advertisement, emphasizing that S. J. Nathan & Co. has no connection with any other house bearing their name.

This trade card advertises Abramson & Drechsler, dealers in yarns, crewels, silks, woolens, and other materials, located at 34 West 14th Street in New York City. The card features a white cat with a red ribbon, a popular motif for textile and craft-related businesses. The front of the card is in color. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Abramson & Drechsler, located at 34 West 14th Street in New York City. The card features a gray tiger cat with no ribbon. The image takes up the majority of the card, with text at the bottom describing the business's offerings. The text states that they sell yarn, crewls, silks, woolens, and other goods. The back of the card has not been digitized.

Trade card for Abramson & Drechsler, located at 34 West 14th Street, New York, New York. The card depicts a golden white cat (possibly without a ribbon) and advertises yarn, crewels, silks, woolens, etc. Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises the firm of Abramson & Drechsler, located at 34 West 14th Street, New York City. The card features a black cat with a red ribbon. It is listed as selling yarn, crewels, silks, woolens, and other related items.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothier operating in New York City. The card lists two addresses: 565-567 Broadway, corner of Prince Street and 619-621 Eighth Avenue, corner of Fortieth Street. The card features a black man holding an advertisement out of a window, which reads, '10,000 Books Given Away with Purchase'. The background features buildings in the city. The illustration is likely intended to be humorous or satirical, and it may perpetuate racist stereotypes. The back of the card provides a full advertisement for the company.

This trade card advertises Moritz Richter, a wine and liquor dealer located in New York City. The front of the card features a still life with cherries, peaches, and grapes. A basket of fruit is on the table in the center of the image. A cooler full of wine bottles is depicted on the right side of the card. The card has a dark background. The back is blank.

This trade card advertises Moritz Richter's restaurant and oyster house in New York, New York. The front of the card depicts a lavishly set table. A platter of clams, a bottle of wine, a loaf of bread, and plates are prominent features on the table. There is also a lobster on a plate, a vase of flowers, and a dark background. The back of the card is blank. This is one of three cards in this record.

This trade card advertises Nathan's Shoe Establishment, located at 221 Sixth Avenue between 14th and 15th Streets in New York City. The front of the card (Image 1) depicts a caricature of a Black minstrel, labeled as "Card No. 58." The illustration is a visual representation of the racist minstrelsy that was prevalent in American entertainment at the time. The back of the card (Image 2) provides additional information: "Headquarters for the Patent Ankle-Supporting Shoes; Ankle Supporting Shoe Company 44 Warren Street, NYC." The back also indicates the card number, 58. The imagery and subject matter reflect the social and cultural norms of the late 19th century. The back of the card is not blank.

This trade card advertises B. Nathan's store, specializing in patent ankle-supporting shoes. The front of the card depicts a charming illustration of a toddler in a white dress playfully taking money from a bank. Two girls are situated in the bottom corner of the card. The business's address is prominently displayed: 221 Sixth Avenue, bet. 14th & 15th Streets, New York. The back of the card states that this location is the "Headquarters for the Patent Ankle-Supporting Shoes."

This trade card advertises B. Nathan, a shoe dealer located at 219-221 Sixth Avenue in New York City. The front of the card features a young girl wearing a pale orange jersey and a cap. The card also includes a list of other shoe stores. The back of the card provides more information about the business. The card appears to be printed in a light, elegant style, with the store name and address prominently displayed in black lettering. The girl is rendered in a simple, almost cartoonish style. The back of the card includes an advertisement for the store, listing other stores that sell Nathan's shoes. This suggests that Nathan may have been a wholesaler or distributor of shoes.

Trade card advertising Fleischmann & Co. in New York, New York, dated 1896. The card depicts blue birds on a snow-covered limb. The back of the card features a full advertisement with an offer to send in 50 yellow labels. The card is part of the Ms. Coll. 1410 collection, Box 7, Folder 3.

This trade card advertises Fleischmann & Co., manufacturers of yeast. The front of the card features a colorful illustration of a morning glory flower. The back of the card includes an advertisement and an offer to send in 50 yellow labels for something of value.

This trade card advertises the Union Square Theatre and a performance by The Danicheffs. The front of the card depicts a girl riding a donkey. The image is likely illustrative of a scene or character from their act. The back of the card features an advertisement for the performance. The text on the back reads, "THE GREAT UNION THEATRE NEW YORK SUCCESS...THE DANICHEFFS" AT; THE OPERA HOUSE. The style of illustration and the overall presentation of the card suggest a late 19th-century aesthetic.

This trade card advertises Fleischmann & Co., a yeast manufacturer, prominently featuring their label. The front of the card depicts a Gibson Girl with a parasol, possibly representing the lightness and airiness of their product. The card's back includes a warning against fake yeast products.

Civil War-era trade token advertising the Felix Dining Saloon, located at 256 Broadway, New York, New York. The token's obverse features an Indian head and the date 1863. The reverse indicates that the saloon was kosher (in Hebrew) and shows the address. Marx and Ederheimer owned several restaurants between 1861 and 1873; a saloon was at this address between 1864 and 1869.

This trade card advertises Philip Levy, a shoe dealer at 566 & 568 Broadway in New York, New York. The front of the card features a comical illustration of a mother bird being fitted for shoes. The mother bird is dressed in a fashionable outfit and is looking down at her feet with a pleased expression. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card advertising Siegel's Extra Dry Champagne. The card depicts a girl on a tree limb. The reverse side features a price list for Siegel's champagne. Published circa 1885 in New York, New York. The card is part of the collection Arc.MS.56, Volume 22, Page 13.

This trade card advertises Wachsman's Vienna Cafe in New York City. The front of the card depicts two young boys fiddling while a turtle dances in front of them. The image is framed with a light-colored border. The back of the card provides the cafe's address: 611 Broadway, corner of Houston Street, basement, and 294 Canal Street, corner of Broadway.

This trade card advertises Wachsman's Vienna Cafe, located at 611 Broadway, corner of Houston Street, New York, New York. The front of the card depicts two young boys opening a basket filled with a lobster and a goose, showcasing the cafe's menu. The back of the card lists the cafe's addresses: 611 Broadway, corner of Houston Street, and 294 Canal Street, corner of Broadway. The back of the card also contains an advertisement for the cafe.

This trade card advertises Stern Brothers, a prominent dry goods store located at 32, 34, & 36 West 23rd Street in New York City. The front of the card showcases a detailed illustration of the store's building and Booth's Theatre, offering a glimpse into the bustling urban landscape of late 19th-century New York. The illustration is likely a bird's-eye view, depicting the store's impressive architecture and its prominent position within the neighborhood. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for the store, indicating a comprehensive promotional strategy. The illustration style and detail suggest a high-quality printing process, reflecting the sophistication and prominence of the Stern Brothers business.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a boys' clothing retailer in New York City. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a boy riding a horse. The image is likely a chromolithograph, though the exact printing method is unclear from the image alone. The colors are likely bright and bold, common for advertising materials of this era.  The card also lists two addresses: 565 & 567 Broadway, Corner Prince Street, and 619 & 621 Eighth Ave., Cor. 40th St. The back of the card features a full advertisement, indicating that 10,000 of these cards were given away as promotional items for boys.

This trade card advertises Jacob Roth, a grocer and provision dealer located at 106 First Avenue, between 6th and 7th Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a large, steam-powered sailing ship. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business, including a list of goods and services offered. The card states that Roth is a supplier to steamboats, hotels, and families.

This trade card advertises S. Mayer & Bro., clothiers located at 320 Bowery, corner of Bleecker Street, in New York City. The front of the card features a comical illustration of children crying, possibly referencing a popular comedic trope. The illustration likely served to attract attention. The style of the drawing and the subject matter are characteristic of late 19th-century advertising. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Mahrenholz, a clothier located at 523 Broadway, New York. The front of the card features a caricature of a Black man giving a speech, which is a common stereotype that reflects anti-Black racism. The back of the card is not visible in the image provided. This card is likely from the early 1890s, based on the style of the illustration. The second card, which appears to advertise 'The Broadway’ displays a man in a top hat and another with a walking stick.

This trade card advertises A. Mahrenholz, a men's furnishing store located at 523 Broadway in New York City. The front of the card features a caricature of a Black banjo player, depicted in a comically exaggerated style. This imagery reflects the racist caricatures prevalent in popular culture during the late 19th century. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for the business. The style of the illustration and the overall design of the card suggest a date around 1890.

This trade card advertises Luis M. Meyer, a merchant tailor located at 235 Sixth Avenue, New York, New York. The front of the card features a simple design with a hand holding a bouquet of roses. The back of the card provides more details about the business.

This trade card advertises Nathan's, a clothing dealer located at 221 Sixth Avenue, between 14th and 15th Streets in New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of a young girl holding a white rabbit. She is wearing a light-colored dress with a dark sash and white gloves. The image is surrounded by a decorative frame. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business.

This trade card advertises A. Cohen, an importer and dealer in china, glass, crockery, lamps, oil, and other goods. The card features a die-cut of a horseshoe with an owl sitting on it. The front of the card lists two addresses for the business: 673 Fulton Street and 201 Court Street, both in New York City. The back of the card is blank. [The collection also includes two crocks with the business's advertisement impressed on them.]

This trade card is for H. & A. Rosenbloom, clothiers in New York City. The front of the card features a Christmas dinner scene, with a table set for a large meal. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises R. Mautner, a clothing and furnishing merchant located at 49 Crosby Street, near Broome Street, in New York City. The card features a striking lithographic illustration of a lion, perhaps symbolizing strength or quality. The text on the card lists the business's address. [The source indicates that R. Mautner is a known Jewish individual.]

Trade card advertising the services of S. Zimmerman, a real estate and business broker in New York, NY. The card provides his address (174 Clinton Street, between Grand & Division Sts.) and office hours (7-9 AM & 6-9 PM). Undated; estimated circa 1890.

Trade card for the Altman Summer Neckwear Co., located at 616 & 618 Broadway, near Houston Street, New York, New York. The card indicates that Solomon Denzer is president and lists office hours as 7-9 AM and 6-9 PM. Undated, but likely circa 1890.

Newspaper clipping from the *New York Herald*, February 22, 1860, featuring a significant editorial by Rabbi David Einhorn titled "Trouble Among the Hebrews." The editorial is a protest against the establishment of the Board of Delegates of American Israelites, referencing its first meeting in late November 1859. The article is noted for its unusual length and significance as the first major attempt at forming such a board, eventually encompassing one-third of the congregations in the USA. The Board of Delegates of American Israelites (BDAI) was later succeeded by the Union of American Congregations. The clipping is from Volume D, Page 19 of the archive.

This trade card advertises D. Mayer, a millinery and fancy goods store located at 273 Grand Street, New York, New York. The card is printed on glossy stock. The front of the card features a woodcut illustration of a bonnet, along with an extensive advertisement. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises I. Steinberg, an upholsterer located at 52 Orchard Street, New York City. The front of the card is pink and features the business name and address in black lettering. The card also includes the telephone number, 975 Orchard. The back of the card is blank. The image is of a card with a pink color scheme, with the company name and address in dark lettering.

This trade card advertises Sol. Kingsburg's dry goods and jewelry business located at 63 Throop Avenue, Brooklyn, New York. [Kingsburg is mentioned as a prominent jeweler in the Brooklyn Eagle in 1884.] The front of the card is in black and white and features a large font that emphasizes the business name and its offerings: Dry Goods, Jewelry, and Fancy Goods. The back of the card has a full advertisement in a smaller, more condensed font.

This trade card advertises S. Baumann & Bro., located at 229 to 245 Sixth Avenue in New York City. The front of the card features a simple text design with the store's name, address, and a description of the goods sold, but the specific items are not listed. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card for C. Tobin, located at 332 Sixth Avenue, New York, New York. Business hours are listed as 9 am to 5 pm. The card is undated, but context suggests a date around 1895.

Trade card advertising Capadura Cigars by R. C. Brown & Co. of New York, NY. The card features a caricature of a Jewish man praising the cigars in broken English, exhibiting anti-Semitic stereotypes. Undated, circa 1890.

This trade card advertises R. Wolf's Reliable Shoe Store, located at 2569 Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of a woman in a long dress and a man in a suit. The woman is holding a shoe in her hand, while the man is standing next to a table displaying shoes. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises L. Schwartz, a painter and decorator located at 131 Glenmore Avenue in Brooklyn, New York. The card features a lithographic illustration of various painting supplies, including brushes, paints, and rollers. The front of the card includes the address, phone number, and business name. The back of the card appears to be blank.

This trade card advertises H. B. Epstein, purveyor of men's and boys' clothing, located at 246 Third Avenue between 20th and 21st Streets in New York City. The front of the card features a caricature of a Black man in what might be considered a racially insensitive depiction of the time. The illustration's style is comical, likely intended to be humorous, though its racial connotations are problematic by modern standards. The text on the card indicates the business's address and the types of clothing sold. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card for Hyman & Co., clothiers, features a charming illustration of children dressed in various costumes. The card indicates that Hyman & Co. has offices in New York City at 452 Broadway. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Moses Schwartz, a trunk and traveling bag manufacturer located at 54 Court Street, New York. The card features a cherub holding a small, open book. The cherub is wearing a white dress with yellow trim, a blue sash, and a pink bow in its hair. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Cohen & Grabowski, clothiers located at 317 Hudson Street in New York City. The front of the card features a portrait of President James Monroe. The inclusion of President Monroe's image is intriguing and suggests a potential connection to the business or a design choice meant to evoke patriotism or national pride. The text '317 Hudson Street' is clearly visible. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Cohen & Grabowski, clothiers located at 317 Hudson Street in New York City. The front of the card features a portrait of President William Henry Harrison. The text '317 Hudson Street' is visible beneath the portrait. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the clothing store Cohen & Grabowski, located at 317 Hudson Street, New York City. The front of the card features a portrait of President Martin Van Buren. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Hirschfelder & Co., a clothing merchant located in New York City. The front of the card features a drawing of a white cat with a red bow. The business address is printed on the card: Between Prince & Houston Streets, up stairs. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card for Hirschfelder & Co. advertises a clothing store located between Prince and Houston Streets in New York. The card features a black cat. The back is blank.

This trade card advertises Fleishman Bros., a dry goods and dress accessories store with locations in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; New York, New York; and Paris, France. The front of the card (Image 1) depicts a young woman picking roses, suggesting the delicacy and beauty of the merchandise offered by the store. The back of the card (Image 2) features a full advertisement mentioning the "City of Paris," which references the Paris location and implies a connection to Parisian fashion trends. The address listed on the card is 92 Market Street. The back of the card is not blank, it contains a full advertisement.

A half-page letter dated June 4, 1765, from Moses Michael Hays in New York to Michael Gratz in Philadelphia. Hays requests Gratz forward an enclosed letter (now missing) to Abraham Sarzedas in Charleston, South Carolina, via Isaac DaCosta. The letter also mentions an enclosed letter for Elias Miranda and Hays's wishes for Gratz's upcoming business trip to Curaçao. The cover is addressed to Gratz but notes it is "in favor Mr. Levy."

This trade card advertises Kaufmann & Strauss, Art Publishers, located at 75 and 77 Duane Street, New York. The front of the card features a die-cut design with birds and a woman in a Japanese dress. The back of the card displays a full advertisement for this type of trade card, which is priced at $20 per 1,000. The card's use of a Japanese woman in a stereotyped pose could be considered racist.

This trade card advertises Weingarten Brothers, located at 62 Walker Street, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of a woman holding a fan and wearing a dress with a lace collar. The background is a muted yellow, which appears as white in the scan. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for the company's corsets. The ad implies that the Weingarten Brothers may have manufactured their corsets. [It's likely that the Weingarten Brothers were a wholesale and retail corset manufacturer.]

Sheet music for the song "The Brave Old Oak," composed by Henry Russell and dedicated to Dr. Kelsey of Rochester, New York. Published in New York in 1837 by James L. Hewitt & Co. The cover is signed by Russell.

A circa 1855 Colt pistol in its original box with accoutrements. This pistol has a complex provenance, passing through the hands of Thomas L. Rhodes (superintendent of Monticello), Frederick Rhodes, Joseph and Ruth Greenberger, and Bess-Mae Jones before entering the Deanne & Arnold Kaplan Foundation collection. Its history is intertwined with the Levy family's ownership of Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson.

Invoice from Lawrence, Cohen & Co., successors to Lewis I. Cohen, manufacturers of improved gold illuminated ivory surfaced playing cards, located at 184 William Street, New York, New York. Dated October 22, 1857. The bill lists 100 India Cards (playing cards?) with a price of 75¢ and was sent to T. I. Hathaway, Fair Haven, Connecticut. This billhead features a beautiful illustration of a four-story building in New York City, ornate Victorian-style lettering, and a detailed description of the business's services.

This trade card advertises Louis Rubenstein, a clothier located at 595 Third Avenue, New York City. The front of the card depicts a young boy on a hobby horse. The back of the card is a full advertisement for the business. [The card dates to around 1885, a period of significant Jewish immigration to New York City. The special city census of 1854 showed a population of 10,777, including a growing Jewish community that established the B'nai Abraham congregation in 1852. This community needed a shochet (ritual slaughterer), who often served as a religious leader. The first congregants, mostly German immigrants, included the Bachrach brothers (grocers), tailor David Hermann, clothier Zacharius Hirsch, tailor Moses Jacobs, the Lesem family (dry goods and clothing), and the Samuel brothers (clothiers). The congregation initially held services above David Hermann's store but built a permanent home on Jefferson Square by 1864.]

The front of this trade card advertises Lewis Jacobs, a clothier located at 155 & 157 Fulton Street, New York. The card features a design of flowers and ivy around the business name. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. W. Neumann's business located at 297 Pearl Street in New York City. The front of the card features a depiction of flowers and a hummingbird, suggesting the sale of floral-themed items or perhaps decorative goods. The back of the card functions as a stock card for "poor man's dye." The illustration style and color palette of the card suggest it is from the late 19th century, in line with the provided date of circa 1885.

This trade card advertises Weil Brothers, a clothing and dress accessories store located at 165 & 167 Avenue A, between 10th & 11th Street in New York. The front of the card features an illustration of an angel with a halo. The angel is wearing a long, flowing robe and holding a small, white object in one hand. The back of the card features an invitation to a spring opening. The invitation text is written in elaborate script lettering.

This trade card advertises Louis Rubenstein, a dry goods merchant located at 595 Third Avenue, New York. The front of the card features a die-cut pallet with a child holding a baby doll. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business.

Lithographed trade card advertising Joseph Cohen's children's clothing store, located at 4 & 6 Fourth Street, New York, New York. The card depicts a boy in a sailor suit. Circa 1885.

This blue trade card advertises Jacob Bloom, Jr.'s business, specializing in lamb, veal, and mutton. The front of the card displays the address: 262 1/2 Washington Market, New York. The back of the card is blank.

Certified copy of the will of Jacob H. Lazarus (1822-1891), a well-known American artist, dated March 7, 1879, in New York, New York. The will is a four-page folio document with an additional certification note. This archival record also includes a copy of the will of Amelia B. Lazarus (1825-1906), Jacob's wife, consisting of a three-page folio document. These documents offer insight into the personal lives of Jacob and Amelia Lazarus, members of prominent early American Jewish families and aunt and uncle to Emma Lazarus.

Certified copy of the will of Amelia B. Lazarus (1825-1906), written in New York, New York on May 13, 1897. This document, along with a companion will of her husband Jacob H. Lazarus, offers insight into the personal lives of this well-known Jewish artist and his wife, both members of wealthy early American Jewish families and aunt and uncle to Emma Lazarus.

This catalogue from B. Altman & Co., a prominent New York City department store, showcases special featured items offered from October 15th to October 31st, 1913. The catalogue consists of thirteen glossy cards, each printed on both sides with photographs of the merchandise and corresponding prices. The items likely represent a selection of the store's offerings during this period, possibly including clothing, home goods, and other luxury items typical of a high-end department store in the early 20th century.

Billhead for a securities trade from August Belmont & Co., dated May 2, 1857, in New York, New York. The billhead features the name of F. Milldroun and August Belmont (1813-1890).

NOT ENOUGH INFO

A three-page letter written on February 9, 1818, by Dr. Elias Marks of Charleston, South Carolina, to Cornelius E. De Puy of New York, New York. The letter discusses the recent yellow fever epidemic in Charleston and various theories regarding its causes.

An advertising envelope from Bloomingdale Brothers, located at Third Avenue, 59th & 60th Streets, New York, New York. Dated October 12, 1898, the envelope informs customers that general catalogues are no longer available. The envelope features the Bloomingdale Brothers logo.

Broadside announcing the notary public services of Joseph B. Nones in New York and Iowa City. Dated August 5, 1857, the broadside lists 37 states, Canada, British Indies, and French possessions where Nones is a commissioned Notary Public, indicating his authority to issue passports, protections, and other legal documents. It also includes his New York City office and residence addresses. This document is attached to a letter requesting a commission renewal.

Newspaper reporting on the trial of Elijah J. Roberts for assaulting Mordecai Manuel Noah. The July 18, 1828 edition of the New-York American provides detailed coverage of the trial, including witness testimony. The newspaper also contains a notice regarding the election of officers for the Medical Society of New York City.

Partially printed and handwritten shipping record detailing imported goods and their value. Signed by Harmon Hendricks and David N. Carvalho. The document lists imported items and their values, and includes annotations on the verso, including a circular stamp and inscription relating to David N. Carvalho, expert in handwriting. Dated June 18, 1799, New York, New York.

Stock certificate for 100 shares in the Sheridan Hill Mining & Smelting Company of Utah, issued to Moses Anker on March 1, 1873, in Salt Lake City, Utah. The certificate is signed by Isaac Schoenberg (President) and Abraham Schoenberg (Treasurer) and endorsed on the back by Moses Anker. The certificate was issued in New York, New York.

Receipt documenting the sale of a chest of Bokea tea from Isaac Moses to Samuel Gilford on January 27, 1794, in New York, New York. The receipt may be in the hand of Isaac Moses.

Billhead from Nussbaum & Dannenberg, located at the New Palace Building, Corner Cherry & 3rd Street, Macon, Georgia. Dated May 15, 1880. The billhead features a lithograph of the store.

Letter from Greenebaum Bros. & Co., Bankers, located at No. 1 Nassau Street, New York. Dated December 9, 1874. The letter is addressed to R. D. Gribble of Jefferson, Texas. The letter states that Greenebaum Bros. & Co. has enclosed a corrected list of European correspondents for Gribble's guidance. The letter also states that drafts on Germany are henceforth to be issued in Reichsmarks, which please note. Thalers and Florins cease to be legal currency with the end of the current year. The letter concludes by requesting Gribble to return the old list of instructions.

Colored lithograph depicting General Winfield Scott receiving the surrender of Mexican forces at Vera Cruz, Mexico. The image likely commemorates the events of the Mexican-American War. Created in 1848.

This pamphlet presents the first report of the American Society for Meliorating the Condition of the Jews, published in New York in May 1823. Founded in 1820, the society aimed to improve the condition of Jews through colonization and evangelization. The report details the society's activities, fundraising efforts, and its approach to achieving its goals, highlighting the involvement of key figures like John Quincy Adams, who served as the 1st Vice President. It also discusses the role of a converted Jewish agent from Germany in the society's work. This report provides valuable insights into the early 19th-century American missionary movement focused on Jewish conversion.

Commercial supplement to Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, published October 27, 1888 in New York, New York. Features illustrations of various businesses in Cincinnati, Ohio; Buffalo, New York; and Baltimore, Maryland, including Brunswick-Balke-Collender (bowling equipment), Samuel Trost cigar box factory, G. Elias lumber factory, Hutzler Brothers Department Store, and Joel Gutman Department Store.

A one-page commercial letter, written on April 13, 1821, from J. M. Phillips in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses merchandise, primarily dry goods, that were sent on consignment from New York to Philadelphia, including details about pricing and sales.

Newspaper clipping from the New York Times, November 30, 1868, featuring a series of three reprinted letters from the Israelite regarding General Grant's Order No. 11. The letters include correspondence between Rabbi Adolph Moses and General Grant (September 3, 1868), Grant's response to Senator Morris (September 14, 1868), and Morris's transmission of the letters to Isaac Mayer Wise (November 15, 1868), prior to their publication.

Newspaper page from Harper's Weekly, published in New York, New York on November 3, 1866, featuring a full-page photograph of the Philadelphia Athletics and Brooklyn Atlantics baseball teams. The image prominently features Lipman Pike, noted as the first Jewish professional baseball player.

Gold medal presented to I. Cohen on July 28, 1895. The medal is marked "EX PRES AND PRESENTED TO I. COHEN BY THE JULY 28 1895 124" and features letters arranged in a Jewish star. Manufactured by I. Kraus, 122 Clinton St., New York, NY. The medal is in its original box.

Autograph letter signed by Thomas Gage to Thomas Whatley, dated January 23, 1765, from New York, New York. The letter discusses challenges in contracting for provisions for British troops in North America, specifically mentioning difficulties with spoilage under a previous contractor and praising the firm of Sir Samuel Fludyer, Adam Drummond, and Moses Franks, who assumed the contract. Brigadier General Burton's order for inspection of provision stores at Montreal is also noted.

Newspaper clipping from the *New-York Mirror*, dated February 28, 1835, featuring an account of a visit with Mordecai M. Noah at his boarding-house lodgings in New York, New York. Published in New York, New York.

A personal letter addressed to Harriet M. Isaacs in New York, New York, dated September 16, 1821. The letter mentions a steamboat trip and suggests the writer was a personal acquaintance of Isaacs.

This document consists of a letter written from Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and New York, New York, United States, on March 13 and 20, 1840. The letter, sent by Joseph Webster and H. Francis Xavier of the law firm Webster & Gates, is addressed to Eli Hart and concerns a legal claim. The specific details of the claim are not fully discernible from the provided metadata.

This pamphlet contains the text of Richard Cumberland's comic opera, *The Jew of Mogadore*, as published by D. Longworth in New York in 1808. The opera, set in Mogador (present-day Essaouira, Morocco), likely involves comedic elements related to Jewish characters and life in the area. This edition is an American imprint and shows that the opera was popular enough to be published across the Atlantic.

This trade card advertises Leventhal & Mandelbaum, a dry goods store in New York City. The front of the card depicts a boy and a girl holding a hat. The style of clothing suggests a late 19th-century setting. The back of the card is blank. The card lists two addresses: 289 & 289 1/2 Grand St. and 79 & 81 Eldridge Street, New York City.

A one and a quarter page letter written on May 24, 1817, from Isaac Cohen in Savannah, Georgia, to George W. Lynch, a merchant in New York City. Cohen discusses business conditions in Savannah, including prices for various commodities such as rum, cotton, rice, flour, corn, tobacco, sugar, coffee, molasses, and tea. The letter includes a black Savannah, Georgia postmark and red manuscript 25c postage rate.

A printed circular issued on October 22, 1831, by a committee of five physicians from the New York Medical Society. The circular details proposals for establishing professional standards and examinations for medical licensing across the United States. The document was sent to Benjamin Lincoln, M.D., of Burlington, Vermont, and bears the annotation of Philip E. Milledoler. This item is not found in OCLC.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting A. T. Stewart & Co.'s retail store in New York City. Published by L. M. Cohen, 238 Bowery, New York. The image shows a bustling department store interior, showcasing a wide variety of merchandise including human hair, jewelry, musical instruments, toiletries, dolls, toys, children's carriages, and birdcages.

A single-page business letter written by Jewish merchant Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia on October 20, 1845, to I. T. Tobias, a New York merchant. Minis discusses slow business, anticipates increased activity, and requests Tobias's attention to consignments, specifically regarding the import of champagne.

A broadside advertising circular from Mark Levy & Brothers, importers of French and English stationery, fancy goods, playing and visiting cards, and manufacturers of Circular Pointed Metalline Pens. The circular, dated May 1, 1852, announces new stock and is addressed to customers. An illustration of their Maiden Lane building is featured.

Autograph letter signed by Isaac Moses to Moses Myers, dated August 8, 1784. Written from New York, New York, the letter discusses business matters, including the shipwreck of the North Britain, family news, and financial concerns. The recipient, Moses Myers, was a merchant in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This letter offers insight into colonial American Jewish life and business practices.

Two-page handwritten letter from H. Cohan in Liverpool, England, to his "cousins," Mr. and Mrs. T. Tobias in New York, New York, dated November 24, 1833. Cohan expresses disappointment and hurt at the lack of contact from their son during his time in Liverpool. The letter's reverse side shows a postmark and address to Tobias as "Merchant, New York."

Three letters, dated June 28, 1841, concerning the sale of wines and champagnes at auction in New York and Philadelphia. The correspondence involves noted Jewish merchants Joseph Moss and E. S. Moss, and is addressed to T. I. Tobias. The letters discuss shipments, sales, and issues with the quality of the wines and champagnes.

Cabinet photograph depicting Ulysses S. Grant's tomb in New York City, New York, with soldiers guarding it. Taken by David Nunes Carvalho shortly after the interment in August 1885. The photograph is embossed with the Grant Monument Association logo. Measures approximately 6 1/4 x 4 inches. Shows a crack at the left upper edge.

Invitation to a Soirée Dansante held at Dodworth's Academy in New York City on January 5, 1858, issued by the Society for the Relief of Indigent Persons of the Jewish Persuasion. The invitation is printed on a ticket and includes the location (806 Broadway).

Receipt for dues paid to the Society for the Education of Poor Children and Relief of Indigent Persons of the Jewish Persuasion in New York City. The receipt is dated December 12, 1842, and signed by M. H. Cardoza, Secretary of the Society. The recipient of the payment was Henry Hendricks.

This document is a financial record detailing the rental of seats at Congregation Shearith Israel in New York, New York. The record, dated June 8, 1842, shows the rental of one man's seat and three women's seats for a six-month period. The names Phillips, D. and Hendricks, Henry, are associated with the transaction.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Dunlop, Moncure & Co. in Richmond, Virginia on August 25, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of merchandise from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Richmond, Virginia on October 10, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York. Features an eagle logo.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of merchandise from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Richmond, Virginia on October 15, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York. Features an eagle logo.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of merchandise from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Richmond, Virginia on September 3, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record documenting merchandise shipment from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Charleston, South Carolina on September 29, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Printed broadside documenting the port of entry for merchandise shipped by T. I. Tobias, a Jewish merchant, from New York to Alexandria, Virginia. The document was printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York, New York, on October 19, 1835. It features an eagle logo.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in Petersburg, Virginia, to New York, New York. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York, New York, October 17, 1835.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Jacob Levy in New Orleans, Louisiana on January 23, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York, New York, and Washington, District of Columbia to Norfolk, Virginia on November 3, 1826. One of five shipping records. The Soho Copper Refinery was founded by Hendricks & Isaacs (brother-in-law) in Soho, New Jersey.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York, New York to Norfolk, Virginia on December 22, 1826. The record notes the port of entry. The Soho Copper Refinery was founded by Hendricks & Isaacs (brothers-in-law) in Soho, New Jersey.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. detailing the shipment of finished copper from Norfolk, Virginia to New York, New York on January 8, 1827. The record notes the port of entry. Hendricks & Isaacs (brothers-in-law) founded the Soho Copper Refinery in Soho, New Jersey. This record is one of five related documents.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. documenting the shipment of finished copper to John Galligher in Norfolk, Virginia on September 25, 1826. The Soho Copper Refinery was founded by Hendricks & Isaacs (brother-in-law) in Soho, New Jersey. This record is one of five related documents.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. documenting the shipment of finished copper from Norfolk, Virginia to New York, New York on October 30, 1826. The record is part of the larger archival collection documenting the Hendricks family's contributions to American industry, particularly in copper production.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. documenting the shipment of finished copper to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from New York, New York on December 13, 1826. The record provides details of the shipment and is one of two related documents. The Soho Copper Refinery was founded by Hendricks & Isaacs (brother-in-law) in Soho, New Jersey.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 17, 1826. The record details the port of entry and is one of two related documents. The Soho Copper Refinery, founded by Hendricks & Isaacs (brother-in-law), was a significant contributor to the early American Industrial Revolution.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. documenting the shipment of finished copper to William Crane in Boston, Massachusetts on October 20, 1826. The record indicates a shipment from New York, New York. The Soho Copper Refinery was founded by Hendricks & Isaacs (brothers-in-law) in Soho, New Jersey.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York to New Orleans, Louisiana on December 9, 1845. The record provides details about the port of entry and the shipment of copper products. This is one of three parts of the record.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York to New Haven, Connecticut on July 31, 1845. This is one of three related documents. The Hendricks family played a significant role in the American Industrial Revolution through their copper production.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York to New Haven, Connecticut on August 11, 1836. The record provides details of the port of entry and is part of a larger collection illustrating the business activities of Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent American copper manufacturing firm.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers in New York, NY to Brown & Elton in New Haven, CT, detailing the shipment of finished copper. Dated September 10, 1840. The record is part of a larger collection documenting the Hendricks family's copper business, which played a significant role in the American Industrial Revolution.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers documenting the shipment of finished copper from Providence, Rhode Island to New York, New York on July 18, 1845. The record provides details about a shipment of finished copper from the firm's operations in Providence to New York City. This is one of two shipping records from this date.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, documenting the shipment of finished copper from Providence, Rhode Island to New York, New York on July 29, 1845. The record mentions the company's connection to the Soho Copper Refinery in Soho, New Jersey, founded by Hendricks & Isaacs.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York to Hartford, Connecticut on April 12, 1836. The record indicates Charles Brainard as the recipient. This document is one of five shipping records in the collection.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers documenting the shipment of finished copper to Hartford, Connecticut on November 4, 1845. The record also notes the involvement of Hendricks & Isaacs (brother-in-law) and their Soho Copper Refinery in Soho, New Jersey. Part of a larger collection detailing the history of Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent American copper manufacturing firm.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York, NY to Hartford, CT on July 10, 1845. This record is part of a larger collection related to the Hendricks family's prominent role in the American copper industry and their contributions to the Industrial Revolution.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent New York-based copper manufacturing firm, detailing the shipment of finished copper from Hartford, Connecticut to New York, New York on July 15, 1845. The record is part of a larger collection documenting the Hendricks family's significant contributions to American industry.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, detailing the shipment of finished copper from New York, New York to Hartford, Connecticut on November 8, 1845. The record notes the port of entry and is one of five related documents.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, dated April 12, 1836, detailing the shipment of finished copper from New York, New York to Charleston, South Carolina. The record provides insight into the business operations of Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent American copper manufacturing firm.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of finished copper from Harmon Hendricks in New York, New York, to Curaçao on May 13, 1830. The record highlights the activities of Harmon Hendricks and his family's copper business, a significant contributor to American industry.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of finished copper from Harmon Hendricks in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York on May 11, 1826. The record is associated with the Hendricks family's Soho Copper Refinery in New Jersey, a significant contributor to early American industrial development.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of cloth from M. I. Tobias in Liverpool, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, on February 5, 1835. This is one of two parts of the record.

Shipping record documenting the receipt of merchandise by T. I. Tobias in New York from a family member in Liverpool, England, on April 15, 1835. The record indicates a shipment of cloth. T.I. Tobias was from a well-known Jewish merchant family.

Receipt for goods shipped from Liverpool, England to New York, New York. Issued by the Old Line Liverpool Packets to T. I. Tobias on June 18, 1835. This is part 1 of 2.

A shipping receipt documenting the shipment of goods from Liverpool, England to New York, New York on May 10, 1832. The receipt is dated June 18, 1835, and includes the names of T. I. Tobias and John Jay. This item is part of a larger collection of commercial and financial records.

Check drawn on the Paris branch of the New York branch of the House of Rothschild, dated October 29, 1844. The check is signed by August Belmont and made payable to Clermont & Co. The check reflects Belmont's role as the American representative of the Rothschild banking house.

This is one of three trade cards advertising M. Kohn & Co., a store in New York. This card depicts a man falling from a diving board, seemingly in distress, with the name M. Kohn & Co. and 'The New York Store' below. The card's back side is blank.

A comical set of three trade cards for M. Kohn & Co., a New York City store, circa 1885. Two of the three cards are included in this record. One card depicts a boy on a goat cart. The cards advertise M. Kohn & Co.'s New York store. Information from the 1874 Wichita Eagle indicates that Morris Kohn erected a substantial awning over the sidewalk of his store, known as the 'New York Store,' and installed French plate glass.

A comical set of three trade cards for M. Kohn & Co.'s New York store. The cards depict a man and a girl falling into a pond. Circa 1885.

This record contains a trade card and a related broadside. The trade card advertises Golding Bros., located at 8th Ave. and 36th St., New York City. The front of the card features imagery suggestive of the late 19th-century athletic scene, possibly depicting strongmen or a sporting event, reflecting the time's social and industrial conflicts. The back of the card is a broadside announcing the "Grand Annual Ball of the Cigarette Makers Association," to be held at Tammany Hall on Saturday, November 12th, 1881. The broadside lists the association's officers: Wm. Rubens (President), Abe Rubens (Secretary), Barney Kommel (Vice President), and Nathan Cohen (Treasurer).

A business letter from I. Hamburger & Co. in New York, New York, to H. Finn in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated June 14, 1878. The letter discusses various outstanding accounts and money owed. The letterhead shows the address 151 Water Street, New York.

This 16-page pamphlet, "An Appeal for the Union," is a pro-Union speech delivered by Robert J. Walker in 1856. It advocates for the election of James Buchanan, arguing that the Republican Party's platform poses a threat to the Union. The pamphlet was sent as a free frank by U.S. Senator David Levy Yulee and addressed to Charles Augustus Davis, a New York merchant and bank official. The pamphlet's significance is heightened by Yulee's handwritten address and signature, representing an important pro-slavery document published five years before the Civil War.

Partly-printed receipt document, signed, measuring 8 x 3-1/4 inches. Issued in New York on October 1, 1843, to Frederick M. Tobias from the Trustees of Congregation Shearith Israel. The receipt details a $20 offering by Tobias and a $5 offering on behalf of his sister. The document is signed by D. Phillips.

This trade card advertises Mr. S. Levy's treatment for inflamed eyes. The card is a plain, rectangular format measuring approximately 4" x 2 1/2". The front of the card features printed text explaining the treatment. The back of the card is blank. The address, 517 E. 83rd St. NYC, is clearly printed on the front of the card.

Check dated September 28, 1877, issued by R. N. Hershfield of Leavenworth, Kansas, payable to Kountze Bros. The check includes a vignette depicting the successor firm "Hershfield & Mitchell." Biographical information on R. N. Hershfield is included, detailing his career in watchmaking and retail in Leavenworth, Kansas, from 1856 to 1877. Information from William G. Cutler's *History of the State of Kansas* (1883) is cited.

A return report submitted on July 1, 1863 (received August 1863), detailing the personnel of the Independent Battalion of New York Volunteers stationed at Folly Island, South Carolina, during the American Civil War. The report is signed by Colonel Simon Levy and includes a roster of officers, non-commissioned officers, and enlisted personnel. It also notes absences and reasons for absences. The document is fragile and measures approximately 1' 22" x 18" unfolded and 9 1/4" x 4" folded.

A letter written under "Flag of Truce" from Richmond, Virginia to New York City, postmarked "Old Point Comfort," circa September 1, 1863. Ruby Hutzler writes to her brother, Moses, sharing family news, hopes for peace, and details about the blockade. The letter mentions Major Joe Stern, and family members Charley and Uncle Moses.

Two-page letter written by David C. Levy in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 13, 1848, to T. J. Tobias in New York, New York. Levy expresses gratitude for Tobias' hospitality in New York and describes his new life in Philadelphia, mentioning his family and social engagements.

This sepia-toned trade card advertises Edwin C. Burt Shoes, located at 281 Grand Avenue, New York City. The front of the card features a bust portrait of a girl. The back of the card is a full advertisement.

A two-page commercial letter dated April 19, 1845, from the firm Sachs & Brother in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses a delayed shipment of cloths, the impact on sales due to the late arrival, and the current state of the clothing market in Cincinnati, noting that goods are plentiful and selling at low rates. The letter is addressed to Tobias and includes a postal surcharge.

Sheet music for "Maud Waltz" by J. Levy, the celebrated cornet player. Published by W. A. Pond & Co. in New York City in 1869. Includes a color lithograph portrait of a young woman.

Six-page sheet music for "Rachel Polka" by George R. Cromwell, published in New York by S. T. Gordon. Includes two biographical sketches of Elisa-Rachel Felix, a famous French Jewish actress known as "Rachel." Published in New York, New York, circa 1855.

Trade card advertising Cohen, Davis & Co.'s Golden Rule Bazaar, located at 162 First Street, Portland, Oregon (next to the corner of Morrison Street). The reverse features a full advertisement for Cohen, Davis & Co., importers of fancy goods, notions, and varieties. Also lists an address in New York City: 83 Walker Street. Circa 1885.

A partially pre-printed advertising letter from A. G. Mandel & Co. to I. F. Leas, dated October 19, 1868. The letter was sent from New York, New York, to Orville, Ohio. The letter is on a letterhead and is in excellent condition; the cover shows some damage, staining, age yellowing, and a fancy cancel. I. F. Leas was an 1873 trustee of the Institute for the Improved Instruction of Deaf-Mutes, all of whose trustees and officers were Jewish.

Invoice or bill from A. G. Mandel & Co., located at 242 Pearl Street, New York, New York, dated August 24, 1868. The bill was issued to I. F. Seas in Orville, Ohio. The invoice has an itemized list of goods, likely varnish products, with prices and totals, including

A letter dated January 31, 1879, from L. Zeckendorf & Co. in New York City to the Singer Manufacturing Company. The letter discusses the potential for establishing a Singer agency in Tucson, Arizona Territory, and highlights the prospect of sales to Mexico. The letter mentions Albert Steinfeld in Tucson.

Art Deco-style copper or copper-plated tray presented as an award. The tray commemorates the 300th anniversary of Jewish settlement in New York (1654-1954) and bears the inscription "Emma Lazarus Award". The recipient of the award is unknown.

Deed of sale transferring 2600 acres of land in Albany County, New York, from Hayman Levy to Solomon Meyers Cohen. Dated May 10, 1771. The document mentions British non-commissioned soldiers among previous owners of the land.

Single page from Harper's Weekly, November 14, 1868, featuring a ¾ page illustration of Temple Emanu-El in New York, New York. Published in the United States.

Illustrated billhead of Semon Bache & Co., established 1847, located at 443-453 Greenwich Street, New York, New York. The billhead is dated April 24, 1891. It includes correspondence with H. C. Porter & Son of Towanda, Pennsylvania.

Lithographic broadside advertising the play *The Wife* at the Lyceum Theatre in New York, New York. The broadside likely dates from circa 1885, based on Daniel Frohman's management of the Lyceum Theatre.

Sheet music for the song "Over the Garden Wall," published by R.A. Saalfield in either Chicago, Illinois or New York, New York, around 1880. The cover features a lithograph.

Four-page deed of conveyance, dated March 24, 1818, from Solomon Moses to Isaac Moses for $1.00. This legal document transfers property from Solomon to Isaac and his son, Moses Levy Moses, following the dissolution of Isaac Moses & Sons. The deed lists the property owned by Isaac Moses at his death and includes mention of land on Long Island. Signed by Solomon Moses, his wife Rachel Gratz Moses, and witnessed by Benjamin Gratz and Reuben Etting. It also bears the signature of William Tilghman, Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.

This deed, dated May 28, 1818, details the settlement of the estate of Isaac Moses. Moses L. Moses and David Moses transfer property to Gulian Ludlow and Joshua Moses. The document includes a schedule of debts owed to various creditors in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Richmond, and Norfolk. Signed by David Moses and Moses Moses, witnessed and signed by Hayman Moses.

Original edition sheet music for Louis Moreau Gottschalk's "The Banjo", Opus 15. Published in New York, New York by William Hall & Son in 1855. A lithographed booklet of 16 pages (10-3/4" x 14"). The piece was entered according to the Act of Congress in 1855.

Commercial letter from Cohen, Mack & Co., located at 52 White Street, New York City, to F. Auerbach & Bro. in Salt Lake City, Utah, dated June 16, 1875. The letter is written on illustrated letterhead and discusses early Utah settlers who made fortunes in mining and started as storekeepers.

Memorandum receipt for a gold deposit at the U.S. Assay Office in New York City on November 7, 1874, by L. H. Hershfield of Helena, Montana. The receipt details the deposit of four gold bars weighing 578.10 oz, 70.85 oz, 48.86 oz, and 82.94 oz, along with $2.32 in gold coin and $111.83 in silver coin. The document provides a breakdown of the gold, silver, and non-value assay of the bars. The receipt is from Donnell Lawson & Co.

Complete issue of the New York Illustrated News, dated May 14, 1853, featuring an illustration of the interior of the new Jewish Synagogue, Congregation Rodeph Sholom, located on Clinton Street between Stanton and Houston Streets in New York City. The newspaper also includes illustrations and reports on Henri Franconi and his horse Bayard, the Latting Observatory at the New York Crystal Palace, the opening night of the Hippodrome, the ruins of a recent fire in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Norwalk Railroad calamity.

Newspaper clipping from March 13, 1852, from *Gleason's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion*, featuring a biographical sketch and portrait of Max Maretzek and his Italian Opera Company. The clipping discusses Maretzek's career, the company's history, and its contributions to opera in the United States. Published in New York, New York.

Carte-de-visite photograph depicting Ada Isaacs Menken as a French spy. Issued by Charles D. Fredricks & Co., New York, circa 1862. The photograph shows Menken in costume, balancing a large jug on her leg. The original card features a printed caption: "ADA ISAACS MENKEN AS [THE] FRENCH SPY."

Billhead from the A. Rachofsky Dry Goods Co. in Central City, Colorado, dated December 9, 1891. The billhead notes that the company was established in 1869 and that it brought the first Torah to Central City.

A signed petition from Congregation B'nai Jeshurun of New York City, dated May 1, 1850, requesting permission to sell their property on Elm Street. The petition cites nuisances from nearby machine shops, the relocation of congregants uptown, the building's disrepair, and a favorable offer of $18,000. The congregation aimed to use the sale proceeds to pay off a $7,000 mortgage and construct a new synagogue uptown.

A commercial letter written by M. Bondy on the letterhead of his office at 190 Pearl Street, New York, New York, to the First National Bank of Andes, New York, on February 19, 1885. The letterhead features an illustration and mentions Havana & Seed Leaf Tobacco. The letter pertains to a business transaction.

Civil War-era meat cleaver stamped "J. Levy, 96 Vesey St., N. Y." The blade has an ornate shape with fancy cut edges, and the handle is made of layered leather rings. The blade extends the full length of the handle and is hammered over at the end. The cleaver is in excellent condition with no cracks or breaks. Jacob Kohn, a Bavarian immigrant who arrived in the 1840s, was the superintendent of a Confederate shoe factory in Montgomery before taking it over after the war. It subsequently became one of the largest factories in the South during Reconstruction.

Issue of the New-York Daily Tribune newspaper published on May 11, 1843 in New York, New York. The back page includes a column on the Florida election mentioning David Levy Yulee.

Stereoscopic photograph of Temple Emanu-El located at Fifth Avenue and 43rd Street in New York City, New York. Circa 1870s. The stereoview is mounted on a slightly curved mount board. A paper label on the back identifies the view as part of a series titled "Public Buildings in New York City and Vicinity" and attributes the photograph to E. & H. T. Anthony & Co. Light surface soiling is present.

A business letter dated March 19, 1869, from JNO. J. Levy & Co., a playing card manufactory, to the Spring Grove Paper Co. in New York, New York. The letter requests an order for card stock to be shipped. The letterhead includes the address 177 & 179 Grand Street, New York, New York.

Commercial letter from Mark Levy & Brothers, importers of stationery, wafers, games, and playing cards in New York City, to Merriam Chapin & Co. in Springfield, Massachusetts. Dated July 29, 1852. The letter mentions specific types of paper.

A commercial letter sent from Bridge, Rayburn & Co. in St. Louis, Missouri to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York, on January 1, 1831. The letter, sent via the ship Huntsville, concerns an invoice for copper.

A half-sheet letter from Levy & Katzman, located at 122 Duane Street, New York City, to Simons & Cappelman in Charleston, South Carolina, dated January 7, 1887. The letter pertains to ladies' and gentlemen's hand-sewn boots.

Handwritten chancery court case document from New York City, dated January 26, 1799. The case involves Benjamin Seixas and John Delafield, concerning stocks and finances, specifically subscriptions to the Bank of the United States in 1791. The document includes statements from George Lewis, a deponent for Seixas, and is signed by Edward W. Laight on February 21, 1799, certifying it as a true copy. The case mentions several prominent New York City financiers of the time.

Naturalization certificate filed with the Court of Common Pleas in New York, New York, on April 6, 1858, documenting the naturalization of Jacob Wertheim. The document includes an affidavit attesting to Wertheim's character by Leopold Goldschmidt and a renunciation of allegiance to other governments. The certificate measures approximately 8" x 13" and shows minor edge damage and wrinkling.

This trade card advertises Fred. W. L. Cunz, an apothecary located at 77th Street and 3rd Avenue in New York, New York. The card is printed in black ink with white text. It indicates that the apothecary is located across the street from the Hebrew Orphan Society. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Charles Zornow, a dealer in fine jewelry located at 80 Avenue A in New York. The card is a simple design, featuring the business name and address in bold text. The card has a black border and is printed on white paper.

This trade card advertises A. Pakscher Boot & Shoe Store located at 248 & 294 1/2 Grand Street, New York, New York. The card is printed on glossy stock. The card's front is the only side visible in the record. [The card is likely from 1880, when Charles Zornow owned a boot and shoe store at 248 Grand Street.]

This trade card advertises P. Bergman's, a shoe store located at 2210 Second Street in Harlem, New York. The front of the card features text-based advertisement. The text on the card reads, "P. Bergman, Good Durable Shoes. Gaiters to order...2210 Second Street (Harlem)." The back of the card is blank.

Issue of Harper's Weekly, a New York City illustrated newspaper, published March 21, 1863. This issue features a full-page engraving and a detailed report on the Financial Gold Panic of 1863, with commentary on the role of Jewish speculators in the crisis. The newspaper includes illustrations.

Sheet music for the song "Oh Breathe Not Her Name Lest With Anguish I Die," composed by Austin Phillips and with poetry by Moses E. Gomez. Sung by Julia L. Northall and dedicated to Warren Hill. Published by Firth & Hall in New York, New York in 1847.

Half-page illustration and accompanying article from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, depicting "The Old Clo' Traffic on the Lower East Side" of New York City. Published in New York, New York on December 11, 1886.

Woodblock print depicting Mazeppa bound to the back of a horse, a scene made famous by Ada Menken's stage performance. Published by Turner & Fisher in Philadelphia and New York, circa 1855.

Pair of oil on canvas wedding portraits of Manuel Josephson (1729-1796) and Rachel Josephson (1732-1797), painted in oval format (29 x 24 1/2 in. or 73.7 x 61.6 cm each). Attributed to Lawrence Kilburn (American, 1720-1775). Painted circa 1760 in New York, New York. The portraits were originally owned by Dr. I. Minnis Hays of Philadelphia and were featured in Hannah R. London's 1926 book, "Portraits of Jews." Currently on long-term loan to the National Museum of American Jewish History in Philadelphia.

Newspaper issue of The Sun, published in New York, New York, on April 21, 1834. The issue includes a 4 3/4" column on page 2 detailing Mordecai Manuel Noah's attack on the Courier and Enquirer newspaper.

Three-page promissory note dated July 7, 1807, in New York City. Ephraim Hart, a broker, promises to pay James C. Roosevelt $12,600.00 by July 7, 1810, with 7% interest. Francis Arden also signs the note, and multiple signatures of James C. Roosevelt indicate partial payments received. Absalom Nelson and Samuel Gedney witnessed the note. By 1812, Hart's insolvency and subsequent use of the Insolvent Act are noted.

This trade card advertises Gregor Speck & Son, successors to Isaac Cohen, in New York City. The front of the card lists their business as dealers in musical merchandise, books, stationery, and periodicals, along with pianos and organs. The text indicates their location as Third Avenue, New York. The card's design is simple and text-heavy. The back of the card is blank. A second image is included in this record, but it is not described, as no information about it is available.

A two-page letter from Judah Touro in New Orleans, Louisiana to David Hart in New York City, dated September 1, 1835. Touro discusses problems with a runaway slave. Hart was a long-time friend and business associate of Touro. Letters with personal content from Touro are extremely rare.

This billhead is from the famous card manufacturer Lewis I. Cohen, who is listed as successor to the business, and is dated August 9, 1848. The bill lists items purchased by Durrie & Peck. The items include: 5 gross Rubber Bands, 3 doz. Playing Cards, 1 doz. Cards. It lists the total cost as $8.00. The billhead has an image of the business building, ornate lettering, and decorative elements, including a framed header section with the business name.

Chromolithograph depicting a highly exaggerated Jewish shoemaker and an African American customer. This anti-Semitic print, likely produced between 1881 and 1890 by Currier & Ives, shows a comical scene where the shoemaker falls off his seat as the shoe sole hits him. Published in the United States.

Billhead from August 4, 1882, for Hendricks & Brothers, proprietors of the Belleville Copper Milling Mills in New York City. The firm manufactured bolt and sheet copper, locomotive flues, copper wire and rivets, and imported and dealt in metals. The billhead shows stains and creases. The Hendricks family business, initially founded by Uriah Hendricks in 1764, spanned five generations and was affiliated with the same synagogue for 200 years. The company's history included periods of reorganization, expansion into copper rolling mills (one of the first in the U.S. in 1812), and involvement of various family members across generations, including Uriah, Harmon, Henry, Washington, Montague, Joshua, Edmund, and Francis Hendricks. The mill finally closed in December 1938.

Original and complete issue of Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, dated July 3, 1869. Features an illustration of the new Jewish Synagogue (Temple Shaaray Tefila) on West Forty-Fourth Street, New York City, and a portrait of Reverend Samuel M. Isaacs, the minister. Includes an in-depth report on the synagogue and its community.

Newspaper clipping from the New York Times, dated November 30, 1868, featuring letters concerning General Grant's Order No. 11. The article discusses the order's impact and its emergence as a significant issue in the Presidential campaign. Published in New York City.

This 56-page pamphlet, published in 1854 by M. W. Dodd in New York, presents William Jay's examination of the Mosaic laws concerning servitude. The first edition, originally issued in octavo format and lacking its wrappers, offers a scholarly analysis of this aspect of Jewish law within its historical context.

Two trade cards for Cohen Bros., located at 289 Sixth Avenue, corner of 18th Street, New York, NY. The cards feature an art deco design of flowers and a vase. The front of both cards is identical; the versos differ. Circa 1885.

Three-page promissory note (12x15 inches) dated July 7, 1807, in which Ephraim Hart, a New York City broker, and his wife Frances, are bound to James C. Roosevelt for three thousand dollars as part of a larger land purchase on Ridge Street. The total purchase price was $6,150.56, with the remaining balance accruing 7% interest. The note is signed by Ephraim Hart, Frances Hart, and Francis Arden on the third page.

This trade card advertises Louis Latz, a manufacturer and importer of ladies' and misses' cloaks and wraps, located at 46 Walker Street in New York. The card features a plain white background with black text. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Kayton, Mayer & Co., manufacturers and importers of cloaks and suits, located at 404 Broadway, New York, New York. The front of the card is printed in black ink on white cardstock and has a dark red border. The business name is printed in the center of the card in a large, bold font. Below the business name are the words 'Manufacturers and Importers of Cloaks and Suits.' The card also lists the company's address: 404 Broadway, New York. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Carl L. Rose & Cohen, manufacturers and importers of ladies' and children's cloaks. The front of the card (Image 1) displays elegant script lettering announcing the business name and the type of merchandise offered: 'Carl L. Rose & Cohen... Manufacturers and Importers of Ladies and Childrens Cloaks'. Below that, the street address is clearly visible: '120 & 122 West Broadway, New York'. The back of the card (Image 2) is blank. The design style and typography suggest a late 19th-century origin.

Trade card advertising the Feist Brothers, manufacturers and importers of jerseys, located at 232 Church Street, New York, New York. The card is undated, but likely dates from around 1880 based on stylistic elements and other similar items.

This trade card advertises Johnston & Goodman, a retailer of misses' and children's cloaks and suits located at 360 Broadway, New York, New York. The front of the card features the business name and address in bold, sans-serif text with an ornate decorative border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Popkin & Levy, manufacturers and wholesale dealers of cloaks, suits, and other clothing items. The card features a simple design with the business name printed in large, bold lettering. The company's address, 86 to 96 Canal Street, New York, is also prominently displayed. The card is likely from the late 19th century, as the address of the firm was in this area, as well as the style and color of the card. The card is printed on thick card stock, and is in good condition. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card, for the business L. Harzfeld, advertises their services as manufacturers of novelties in cloaks, suits and other clothing. The card is in portrait orientation. The address for the business is listed as 35 Walker Street, New York City. The bottom right corner of the card has a handwritten note: M. Stern.

A three-page legal document (8 x 13 inches) detailing the forced public auction of a property located on Love Lane, New York City. Dated 1812-1817, the document outlines the sale by Ephraim Hart and his wife Frances to satisfy a loan defaulted on July 7, 1807, to James C. Roosevelt. The property, a country house, was formerly owned by the deceased Abraham Duryee. The document includes signatures of James C. Roosevelt, Harry Peters, Michael Burnham, Thomas Bolton, and William Slocum.

Invoice from Samuels and Goldberg, Pants Exclusively, located at 481 Broadway, New York. Dated March 6, 1886. The bill lists an item purchased by J. E. & S. W. Doe, likely pants. The billhead includes an itemized list of the purchase, quantities, prices, and total. The transaction is likely an invoice for a purchase of trousers. The billhead features ornamental lettering and the use of red ink for the company name and address. The style reflects the design sensibilities of the late-19th century.

Billhead from Rosengarten & Sons, a manufacturing chemist, located in Philadelphia. The billhead is dated February 14, 1878, and includes a list of items purchased by Glover Warner & Clark of Sandy Hook, Connecticut. The billhead features an ornate, cursive script for the business name and the buyer. The header section is framed, with a note that the business is represented by Charles H. Rutherford, at 26 Liberty Street, New York. The billhead also includes the phrase, “Terms: Net Cash.”

Billhead for Howard, Sanger & Co., importers and jobbers of foreign and domestic fancy goods. The business is located at 105 & 107 Chambers Street and 89 & 91 Reade Street, New York, New York. Dated June 26, 1862, the bill lists items purchased by Fenau & Davis. The billhead features a printed header, ornate lettering, and a detailed business address. The billhead also includes a red rubber stamp stating “TERMS CASH,” “5 per cent. discount 30 days, 6 per cent. discount 10 days, on approved accounts.”

Bill of Exchange drawn on the paper of A. B. & Co. to the House of Rothschild in Paris for A. Camus on June 18, 1860. The bill is endorsed by August Belmont, a prominent American Jewish financier.

This archival collection contains two sets of invitations. The first is a complete set of four cards announcing the marriage of Mary Goldsmith to Solomon Frank at the Greene Street Synagogue in New York City, circa late 1860s. A reception followed at the home of Mr. & Mrs. Henry Goldsmith, 454 West 34th Street. The second invitation announces the celebration of the Golden Wedding Anniversary of Mr. & Mrs. Emmanuel Goldsmith, to be held at the residence of Mr. & Mrs. Henry Goldsmith, 284 West 34th Street. Rev. Raphael and Rev. S.M. Isaacs were to deliver addresses at the event. The invitations suggest the Goldsmith family was prominent in the New York Jewish community.

A brief note dated November 28, 1853, from Jacob Mark to Congregation B'nai Jeshurun in New York, New York, submitting a $50.00 payment for a printing job.

Cabinet photograph of A. Bolof in an Usiglio opera, inscribed to S. Behrens. The photograph is dated circa 1880 and features the subject in a theatrical setting. The image was likely taken by C. M. Gilbert.

Shipping record documenting the transport of one case of silks from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York on November 14, 1857, by L. I. Levy & Co. The verso notes that the shipment was transported by railroad. The document mentions L. J. Levy & Co's 1857 suspension and subsequent debt repayment.

Shipping record documenting the transport of five cases of silks from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York on November 14, 1857, by L. I. Levy & Co. The verso notes that the goods were transported by railroad. The record also includes a note referencing the company's later financial recovery after suspending operations in 1857.

A business letter, spanning one and one-quarter pages, written by F. H. Woolf in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Henry Tobias in New York City, New York on June 23, 1838. The letter details business transactions between the two correspondents.

A two and a half page letter written by a father in New York City to his son Jacob on December 26, 1835. The letter, which is numbered 7, offers advice on living a meaningful life, emphasizing kindness, charitable work, and the importance of encouraging labor over mere alms-giving. Portions of the letter containing checks or bills of exchange have been removed, resulting in a missing address. The letter's content is otherwise complete.

Printed three-page will of Edmund Hendricks, dated June 25, 1908, pertaining to the Hendricks Copper fortune. The will was executed in New York, New York.

This is a six-page (plus insert) catalog from the New York showroom of Jacob & Josef Kohn, the renowned Viennese bentwood furniture manufacturers. The catalog showcases a selection of their furniture with detailed descriptions, likely targeting upscale clientele in New York City. The catalog's small size (4.5" x 6.5") suggests it may have been intended for distribution or browsing in the store itself.

This is a 17-page article, with 21 illustrations by S. Carvalho, extracted from the January 1874 issue of Harper's New Monthly Magazine. The article, "Rambles in Martinique," details a journey through Martinique in the Caribbean, offering a glimpse into the island's landscape and culture in the 19th century. Each page measures 6 1/2" x 9 1/2".

Four-page letter from "R.P." in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Matilda Samuel Cohen in Fort Hamilton, New York, dated June 2, 1848. The letter contains detailed family information and is one of six letters in an archive providing insight into the daily life of a prominent Philadelphia Jewish family.

This archival item consists of an invitation and program for the commencement exercises of the Medical School of the University of the City of New York, held on February 16, 1875, at Steinway Hall in New York, New York. The invitation is a separate pass measuring 3-1/4" x 5-1/2". The one-page program lists S. Kohn and E. De Lyon as ushers.

A broadside advertisement for Isaacs' Printers' Supply House, located at 51 Dey Street, New York, New York. The advertisement promotes "Isaac's Magic Kosharine," a cleaning solution for printing presses. The broadside is undated, but likely dates from circa 1890 based on stylistic elements.

This collection comprises three undated trade cards. One card advertises the services of Rabbi J. Sechtzer, likely associated with Beth Israel Hospital in New York, New York. A second card features S. J. Englander, and the third, Joseph Grossman, both located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The cards are printed in English, Hebrew, and German, suggesting a diverse clientele and possibly reflecting the multilingual nature of the communities served by these individuals.

Glossy trade card for the American Skirt Manufacturing Co., located at 368 Broadway, New York, New York. The card lists E. A. Stern and William E. Stein. Circa 1880.

Shipping record detailing the transport of 131 gallons of gin from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York. The shipment arrived in New York on July 23, 1861, and was withdrawn by Joseph F. Tobias & Co. on March 31, 1862.

Cabinet card photograph depicting a family and their dog posing in front of Levy's One Price Store in New York, New York. The photograph's reverse features a stamp indicating it was produced by the N.Y. Photograph Co. The image is dated circa 1890.

This archive contains a collection of financial documents spanning from 1870 to 1948, primarily related to Simon and Mary Lewy, Jewish merchants in Eufaula, Alabama. The collection includes loan documents, balance sheets, mortgages, and tax receipts, offering insights into the Lewys' business activities and financial dealings. Specific documents include a loan from Solomon Lewy to Simon Lewy (1870), three complete balance sheets from the 1880s, numerous loan documents from 1890 to 1904, several poll tax receipts (circa late 1890s), and approximately ten documents from the 1940s concerning local taxes. The collection provides a valuable glimpse into the financial life of a Jewish merchant family in a small Southern town. Notable documents include a mortgage between Simon and Mary Lewy and an illegible seller (possibly J. G. Guire) dated December 30, 1890; a mortgage between Mary Lewy et al. and an illegible seller (possibly J. G. Guire) dated December 30, 1890; documentation of a loan taken out by Simon Lewy from the Eufaula Building and Loan Association for $2,000 on April 17, 1875; and a mortgage between Simon and Mary Lewy and A. Friedlander & Co. dated March 30, 1886. The collection comprises over 50 documents.

Invoice from Ellis & Goltermann, manufacturers of hard rubber, fancy perfume atomizers, Millard’s atomizers and syringes, hot water bottles, and steam atomizers. Located at 88 Leonard Street, New York, New York. Dated September 24, 1898. The bill is for the purchase of an unknown quantity of items, likely atomizers or other related products, by Mr. Arthur P. Brooke. The billhead has a simple design with a box listing the business name, address, and products. The buyer’s address is written at the top.

Handwritten letter from G. De Cordova, manufacturer of Annattoine (dry extract of annatto), to I. P. Howell & Co. Discusses West Indies bark. Dated May 6, 1871. Sent from New York City to Newark, New Jersey.

Billhead for Stern Brothers, Importers and Retailers of Dry Goods, Suits, Underwear, Etc., located at 32, 34 & 36 W. 23rd Street, New York City. Dated January 17, 1885, this bill was sent to T. E. Harwood, Trenton, Tennessee. The invoice details the transaction, including the price, quantity and description of the goods purchased. The billhead features an ornate Victorian-style design, including a company logo and framed header.

This trade card advertises Warner Brothers Corsets through the firm of J. Levy & Son. The front of the card features a portrait of actress Rose Temple. The image is likely a photographic reproduction, given the detail and realism of the portrait. The card is primarily in color, with the image likely having a focus on the actress. The back of the card displays an advertisement for Warner Brothers Corsets. The back provides further details about the corsets, possibly including styles, sizes, and pricing. The card's overall design blends a celebrity endorsement with the product advertisement. This suggests that the card was created to appeal to a wide audience, using Temple's popularity to generate interest. The back of the card is not blank.

This trade card advertises Ulrich & Co., a dry goods store located at 2204 Third Avenue, corner of 120th Street in New York, New York. The card features a comical illustration of a man looking at a rack of clothing. The card is formatted to look like a store front and uses a caricature of a man to depict the business owner's name. The back of the card is blank.

A one-and-a-half-page letter dated March 8, 1822, from the publishers Gales & Seaton in Washington, D.C., to Mordecai Manuel Noah in New York City. The letter discusses the commissioning of an American artist to create a sculpture of George Washington, specifically mentioning the sculptor Henry Causici and his qualifications.

This trade card advertises Abr'm Jacobs, a tailor located at 315 Columbia Street in South Brooklyn, New York. The front of the card features a design of seashells and is printed in black ink. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises E. Jacobs, a clothier located at Nos. 55 & 57 Avenue A, corner of 4th Street, in New York City. The front of the card (image 1) features a design incorporating a white rose motif. The text is partially obscured, but clearly states the business's address and trade. The image is somewhat faded but maintains a sense of elegance. The back of the card (image 2) is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Selig, a milliner located at 38 West 23rd Street in New York City. The front of the card features a small illustration of two children standing in front of a blackboard, with one pointing to something on it. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for A. Selig's millinery business.

This trade card advertises David Wetzler's Meat Market located at 2292 First Avenue, New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of a man carrying books with a background image of a building. The text below the image notes that the market does not sell pork. The back of the card contains a more detailed advertisement.

Trade card advertising M. Hamburger's business, located at 306 Broadway, New York City, and 59 Oranienburger, Berlin, Germany. The card advertises "Scrap Pictures, Cards & Novelties." Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises the New Idea Store owned by S. Samelson, located in the Kirchner Building at 278 Main Street, Poughkeepsie, New York. The front of the card depicts a young boy wearing bib overalls. The illustration style suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic. The back of the card features a full advertisement; the text is not legible in the provided image.

Trade card advertising Greenebaum, Sachs & Freeman, clothing manufacturers, with business addresses in San Francisco, California (17 & 19 Sansome Street) and New York, New York (34 Thomas Street). The card features an image of actress Clara Coleman affixed to it. Circa 1885.

A commercial letter dated September 8, 1864, from Gustav Isaac of Stern, Jonas & Co., located at 176 and 178 Water Street in New York, New York, to Moses Dropsie in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses business matters, potentially related to the tobacco industry or law, as indicated by subject tags in the original record.

Invoice from M. L. Levy, an importer of watches, jewelry, and watch materials, located at No. 14 John Street, Room 2, New York, New York. The bill is dated February 16, 1872, and is made out to W. Hunt in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The invoice lists a variety of items purchased, including 'Spirits,' 'Pirkers,' 'Card Seemis,' and 'Gold Spects.' The billhead features a printed header, ornate lettering, and clear details of the business address and transaction.

Billhead - M.L. Levy...Watches, Jewelery and Watch Material....14 John Street, room 3, New York, New York .....12/11/1872...part of a group of 9 invoices 1870-1874, each with major commercial detail...all made out to W. Hunt in Uniontown, PA. During this time span Mr. Levy is in three different locations.

Invoice from M. L. Levy, importer of watches, jewelry, and watch materials, located at No. 14 John Street, room 3, New York, New York. Dated June 13, 1873. The bill lists a variety of watch parts and materials purchased by W. Hunt of Uniontown, Pennsylvania, including gold and silver watch parts, chains, and other items, with corresponding quantities and prices. The billhead is simple and features handwritten details in a plain style.

Invoice from M. L. Levy, a dealer in watches, jewelry, and materials, located at 14 John Street, Room 3, New York City. Dated November 19, 1874, the bill is made out to W. Hunt of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The transaction lists an itemized purchase of materials, likely parts for watches or jewelry, such as pins, rings, and watch parts. The prices of each item are written out. The billhead is a handwritten document.

Invoice from M.L. Levy, Importer of Watches, Jewelry, and Watch Materials located at 66 Nassau Street, room 1, New York, New York. Dated November 24, 1871. The bill includes a list of itemized purchases by W. Hunt, likely for a watchmaking business, and includes a total of $74.10. The billhead is printed on a standard form with neatly written entries. The header has handwritten information indicating the buyer, date, and business.

This billhead from M. L. Levy, importer of watches, jewelry, and watch materials, is dated August 4, 1871. The business is located at 66 Nassau Street, Room 1 in New York, New York. The billhead is an invoice listing a variety of jewelry items sold to W. Hunt, likely from Uniontown, PA. The billhead is part of a group of nine invoices from Levy spanning from 1870-1874, and showcases the range and detail of transactions Levy handled with a specific customer.

Invoice from M. L. Levy, importer of watches, jewelry, and watch materials located at No. 11 Maiden Lane, New York, New York, dated July 16, 1870. The invoice shows a list of purchases, including a variety of watch parts and materials, for a total of 117.40. The invoice was made out to W. Hunt of Uniontown, Pennsylvania, and likely included in a group of nine invoices covering the period 1870-1874.

Invoice from M. L. Levy, a dealer in watches and jewelry, located at 14 John Street, room 3, New York, New York. The bill is dated December 16, 1873, and lists the purchase of various jewelry items, including a gold guard chain, ear rings, and a silver ring, by W. Hunt, of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The transaction includes a detailed breakdown of items and prices. The billhead has a printed header, ornate lettering, and clear details of the business address and transaction.

Billhead of M. L. Levy, a seller of watches, jewelry, and gold-plated chains, located at 14 John Street, Room 3, New York, New York. The bill is dated June 5, 1874, and is addressed to W. Hunt of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The transaction includes a list of items purchased, quantities, prices, and a total amount due at the bottom of the bill. The billhead displays the company name and address in elegant script.

Invoice from M. L. LEVY, a dealer in watches and jewelry, gold, silver, and fine gold-plated chains, located at 14 John Street, room 3, New York, New York. Dated September 16, 1873. This invoice is for a variety of jewelry and watchmaking materials, such as chains, keys, settings, and springs. It is likely an invoice for materials, rather than completed products, as the detailed lists of watchmaking materials and their associated prices. This invoice was made out to W. Hunt of Uniontown, PA.

Billhead from Levy, Dreyfus & Co., located at 11 Maiden Lane, New York City. The billhead features a vignette of opera glasses and advertises the company as the "Sole Importer of Verdi's Opera Glasses," along with "Watchmakers' Tools & Materials" and "Manufacturers of Imperial Spectacles & Eye Glasses." Dated January 28, 1889, the billhead shows a sale to William Hurst of Uniontown, Pennsylvania.

Invoice from Levy, Dreyfus & Co., importers and manufacturers, located at No. 11 Maiden Lane, New York City. Dated June 29, 1883. The bill lists numerous items, including optical goods, such as lenses, and other items, including a “Stereoscope stamp” and a “Reg. Compass.” Sold to William Hunt of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The billhead is handwritten. The business was a prominent jeweler and importer of optical goods. The business’s address, the date, and the names of both the buyer and seller appear clearly on the billhead.

Billhead for Levy, Dreyfus & Co., importers and manufacturers located at No. 11 Maiden Lane, New York, New York. Dated October 27, 1883, this bill displays an itemized list of goods purchased by William Hunt, of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The bill lists a variety of goods including watch parts, eyeglasses, opera glasses, and “look keys”, indicating that the business sold various optical and watch-related items. The billhead notes that the business is the sole agent for Eureka Watch Dials, and a manufacturer of Imperial Spectacles and Eye Glasses.

An invoice from Levy, Dreyfus & Co. of New York, NY, dated March 17, 1884. The business was an importer and manufacturer of supplies for watchmakers, jewelers, engravers, and opticians. The bill is for a purchase made by William Hurst of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The bill lists 23 different items and their prices. It features a printed header with ornate lettering and decorative borders. The header also advertises the business's products, including optical instruments, mathematical instruments, crescent spectacles, eye glasses, and cresent opera glasses.

Invoice from Ehrich & Co., importers and dealers in millinery, fancy and dry goods. Located at Nos. 287, 289, 291, 293, 295 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY, the bill is dated October 21, 1879. It includes an itemized list of goods purchased by G. F. Back. The billhead features a printed header with ornate lettering and decorative elements, including a company logo of a building with a decorative banner. The text includes the publisher information for “Ehrich’s Fashion Quarterly,” which was a magazine published by the company.

This is the program for the Chanukah celebration held by the Young Men's Hebrew Association (YMHA) in New York City on December 15, 1881. The program includes a libretto, advertisements, and information about the YMHA and other associated New York Jewish organizations. The program offers insights into the social and cultural life of the Jewish community in 19th-century New York, highlighting the YMHA's role in community life and the celebration of Hanukkah. The program is notable for its occasional use of Hebrew and its extensive details on the YMHA and related organizations.

Billhead from Wechsler & Abraham, importers and retailers, located at 297-299 Fulton Street and 266-268 Washington Street, Brooklyn, New York. The billhead is dated July 1, 1883.

Invoice from Frederick Loeser & Co., importers and retailers, located at Fulton, Tillary, and Washington Streets in Brooklyn, New York. Dated September 16, 1878. The bill lists the purchase of 3 'Glove' and 1 'Collarrette' by M. Pitt, located at 111 N. Oxford. It displays handwritten numbers and an L trademark in a decorative circle. The billhead is formatted as a standard commercial bill, with numbered columns for item description, quantity, unit price, and total price.

Invoice from Louis Rosenstein & Co. to George Blanchard & Co. for the purchase of bird food. The billhead lists the quantity and price for a purchase of 25 cases of bird food. The transaction took place on August 22, 1881 in New York, NY and included a shipping cost of $5. The billhead features an ornate header section with the name of the business and their services, an Excelsior Bird Food logo, and a hand-drawn bird cage. The business was located at Nos. 317 and 319 Greenwich St., New York, NY.

Billhead of B. Altman & Co., importers and manufacturers of fine costumes, ladies' and children's underclothing, and general dry goods, located at 19th Street & Sixth Ave., New York, New York. Dated March 4, 1884. The billhead lists a purchase of items, likely clothing, by R. F. Freuman. It includes a list of item quantities and prices, and a total of the transaction. The billhead is handwritten with elegant cursive. The billhead displays the company's name and address in cursive. It also includes a printed line with the company's industry and services. The billhead features a decorative header.

Invoice from Koeppler & Cohen, Cigar Manufacturers, located at 337 East 75th Street, New York City, between 1st and 2nd Avenues. Dated November 12, 1887. The bill lists a purchase of 'El Mexicano' cigars by Walter Price. The billhead is printed on lined paper and contains handwritten details about the purchase and price. The business name is printed in bold lettering.

Invoice from Kerbs & Spiess, manufacturers of fine cigars and dealers in leaf tobacco, located at 1014-1020 Second Avenue, New York. Dated September 22, 1884. The bill is for five 'Our Edition' cigars, at a cost of $13.25. The bill was likely shipped by the 'Steam Line'. The billhead is printed with an ornate design and a banner with the company name.

Billhead from Louis Arnheim, a tailor known as “The American Tailor,” located at Nos. 4 & 5 Astor House, Broadway in New York, dated October 27, 1884. The billhead features a decorative design with ribbons and an image of the Astor House. It appears to be an invoice for a transaction with R. Smith, and it includes a handwritten note indicating the transaction has been paid.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) portrait photograph of S. C. Campbell (born S. Cohen), a baritone singer and theatrical entrepreneur, taken circa 1870 at Gurney's studio in New York City. The photograph's reverse features a Gurney studio backmark: "Gurney, Fifth Avenue, Cor. 16th St, N.Y." The sitter's name is printed at the top of the image and handwritten on the back.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) portrait photograph of Leopold Kahn, known professionally as Admiral Dot, a famous 19th-century American dwarf comedian and performer. The photograph, likely taken by E. & H. T. Anthony & Co., was produced in New York, New York sometime before 1918. The image shows Admiral Dot at an unknown age, before his death in the 1918 influenza pandemic.

This trade card advertises Elias W. Levy, a clothier located at 809 9th Street in New York City. The front of the card features a portrait of Ulysses S. Grant, the Union Army leader during the Civil War. The card also includes historical information about Grant and advertising text for the business. The back of the card is blank.

The Tobias Archive comprises over 750 pages of business and personal correspondence, receipts, manifests, invoices, and legal documents spanning from 1816 to 1886. It documents the mercantile activities and family life of the Tobias family, a prominent branch of the New York Sephardic elite. The collection includes 278 individual letters and documents on 426 leaves, three copybooks containing 365 letters on 234 leaves, and approximately 50 pages of additional uncataloged materials. The materials provide insights into 19th-century business practices, family relationships, and social life within the New York Sephardic community. Geographic locations referenced include Liverpool, England; New York, New York; New Orleans, Louisiana; and various Caribbean locales. The archive has a detailed finding aid.

This 1884 pamphlet from the United States Cremation Company, Ltd., details the company's prospectus, certificate of incorporation, by-laws, and rules. Printed by the Eagle Book and Job Printing Department in Brooklyn, New York, the 16-page pamphlet advocates for cremation as a "safe, cleanly, expeditious and economical method of facilitating nature's work." It includes an illustration of a cinerary urn on the rear wrapper and comes with a laid-in broadside stock subscription form. The pamphlet is notable for listing Felix Adler among the company's directors. The New York Times reported on the opening and dedication ceremony of the company's crematorium in 1893.

Billhead from Em. Meyer & Co., sole agents for E. Pinaud in the United States, dated May 3, 1884. The billhead lists addresses in New York, New York and New London, Connecticut.

Partly-printed manuscript document, boldly signed by officers elected by the Grand Lodge of the State of New York on June 20, 1833. Sent as a stampless letter to a Vermont Lodge. Includes the signature of Mordecai Myers as Deputy Grand Master.

This trade card advertises B. Cohen, a wholesale and retail dealer in fresh and salt water fish located at 2 and 4 Ludlow Street, NYC. The card is actually a two-sided order form, featuring the business of P. Coleman & Co. of Constantia, NY on the first side. P. Coleman & Co. sold pike, perch, and eels from Lake Erie. The reverse side of the card features B. Cohen's business information. The front of the card has a handwritten order on it.

Check dated December 28, 1789, drawn on the New York Bank by Aaron Burr and payable to B. S. Judah. The check bears Aaron Burr's full signature. This check is significant due to the involvement of both Aaron Burr, the third Vice President of the United States, and Benjamin S. Judah, a prominent New York merchant and member of Congregation Shearith Israel.

Three-page handwritten contract dated April 14, 1817, in which James C. Roosevelt of New York City is bonded with Samuel Tobias, a merchant, to finance a piece of land in New York. Signed by Samuel Tobias, James C. Roosevelt, Ephraim Hart, and Andrew Garr. The document measures 8 x 13 inches and is in fine condition.

Broadside advertising a performance of the play "The Mistletoe Bough" at the Academy of Music in New York City on Tuesday evening, April 10, 1876. The performance was a benefit for the Mount Vernon Endowment Fund. The broadside lists prominent attendees, including Mrs. Uriah Hendricks (Fanny Tobias Hendricks, 1809-1881).

Invoice from Creamer & Goodman, a shoe store supply company, located at 177 Church Street, New York, New York. Dated August 23, 1894. The bill lists several items, including

This trade card advertises S. & H. Goldstein, clothiers in Brooklyn, New York. The front of the card features a picture of two gentlemen talking, possibly in a clothing store. The illustration is in a light brown color, with black accents. The text on the card lists their address: 65 Myrtle Avenue, near Jay Street, Brooklyn. The back of the card is blank.

A commercial letter dated June 23, 1887, from I. E. Levy of Samuel Levy, Jobbers in Watches, located at 401 Broadway, New York, New York, to A. E. Patton. The letter concerns the collection of $8.00 from Joseph Borst. Levy notes that business is going well and that he no longer has partners.

Invoice from J. Levy & Co., manufacturers of men's neck wear, located at 50 Lispenard Street, New York, New York. Dated June 7, 1882. The bill lists a purchase of an item(s) from the business by H. W. Underwood. This bill features handwritten details and a basic, plain header with the company name and address.

Invoice from M. J. Lichtenberg, Manufacturer of Jewelry, located at 450 Broome Street, New York. The bill is dated March 5, 1883. The billhead indicates that Lichtenberg is also the Manufacturer of X C L’nt non-separable lever sleeve buttons and the sole agent for St. Augustine Diamonds. The invoice appears to be addressed to H. W. Underwood. The invoice is a summary of various transactions likely related to the sale of jewelry or buttons. There is a handwritten notation for terms: ‘as before’.

Billhead from Meyer Simon, manufacturer of the 'Improved Dress Shirt,' and dealer in men's furnishing goods, located at 462 Broome St, New York, New York. Dated December 16, 1881. The bill is for goods purchased by H. W. Underwood. The billhead features a small framed graphic of the American Institute seal in the upper left corner, an ornate Victorian-style banner reading 'Bought of' below the buyer's name, and the 'Medal of Excellence' awarded to Meyer Simon for shirts in the upper right corner.

Billhead from Meyer Simon, manufacturer of the “Improved Dress Shirt” and dealer in men’s furnishing goods, located at 462 Broome St., New York, New York. Dated November 26, 1880. The bill is for the purchase of 2 1/2 dozen “can. jackets” at a price of $2.00 per item. The billhead features a printed header section, a company logo, and a seal of excellence awarded to Meyer Simon. The billhead is adorned with several decorative elements, including an ornate Victorian-style font and a seal from the American Institute, New York. The billhead is written in blue ink on a yellowed paper base. The bill is addressed to H. W. Underwood, who likely purchased the jackets for $15.50.

Billhead from J. Rothschild, an importer, jobber, and retailer of rich millinery goods, located at 269 & 271 Fulton Street, Brooklyn, New York. Dated July 3, 1884, the bill lists items purchased by J. Weberoise, likely millinery items, with prices and quantities. The billhead has an ornate decorative header with the business name, addresses, and a brief description of the offered goods. The header also displays a delicate, ornate Victorian-style flourish.

This extraordinary trade card from Berliner & Strauss, manufacturers located at 481 Broadway in New York City, advertises their "Gems in Neck Dress" for the Fall season of 1880. The front of the yellow card features three illustrations showcasing various styles of neckwear. The back of the card is equally fascinating, presenting the popular and electoral votes by state for the 1876 presidential election between Hayes and Tilden. Two additional blank columns are included, presumably for recording the results of the 1880 Garfield/Hancock election.

This collection comprises thirteen items: seven letters and six envelopes exchanged between Leopold (or Lee) Mittelstaedt and members of his family, primarily his cousin Minnie, between 1880 and 1885. The letters, written from New York, NY, reveal details of Leopold's life as a traveling salesman for Dunlap & Co., a silk and opera hat manufacturer. The correspondence also offers glimpses into the family's financial circumstances and daily life. Four letters are accompanied by their original envelopes, providing additional postal and geographic information. One letter is addressed to Mrs. A. Mittelstaedt from a Lucy.

Invoice from E. Rosenfeld, an importer and manufacturer of ladies' ties, scarfs, lace goods, novelties, and other items. Located at No. 202 Church Street, between White and Walker Streets, New York. Dated November 23, 1880. The bill is for a purchase made by Mrs. Henry Widdiswood. The billhead is well-organized with a clear header section and neatly printed text. The buyer's name is handwritten above the business name, while the rest of the details are printed.

Printed broadside advertisement for Huestis & Levy Playing Cards, located at 177 & 179 Grand Street, New York, New York. The advertisement features an illustration of the factory/storefront. This broadside comes from a disbound volume of "The Illustrated American Biography" by A.D. Jones, published by J. Milton Emerson and Co., 29 Gold Street, New York, in 1854-1855. The broadside measures approximately 8" x 10.5".

Printed broadside issued by a Baltimore Citizens' Committee, chaired by Mayor General Samuel Smith, on or about December 23, 1835. The broadside appeals for aid for New York City following the Great Fire of 1835, detailing the committee's efforts to offer relief and suggesting Congressional action to alleviate the economic consequences of the disaster. The document is accompanied by two manuscript letters (described below) addressed to U.S. Congressman Gideon Lee, providing firsthand accounts of the fire's devastation and suggesting federal intervention. The letters express the scale of the destruction, the financial ruin of insurance companies, and the need for national support.

Invoice from Cook & Bernheimer, proprietors of AAA Old Valley Whiskey, located at 67 New Street, New York. Dated May 25, 1881. The bill lists an item purchased, likely whiskey, by Nichols & Harris of New London, Connecticut. The billhead displays ornate Victorian-style lettering. The billhead includes a circular logo that features the company's name and a depiction of a wooden barrel.

Invoice from Oestreicher & Meyer, manufacturers of cloth hats, caps, and children's fancy turbans, located at 153 South Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dated April 2, 1881. The bill lists the purchase of various quantities of “college” hats, likely for men's wear, by Honig & Schutter. The total cost was $34.25. The billhead is hand-written, in a neat cursive style, on a printed ruled form. There are some numbers in red ink, likely indicating a cost associated with each transaction.

This trade card advertises Schranz & Bieber Co. located at 149 5th Ave. in New York City. The card is one of a set of 52 featuring 10 different animals. This card features a reindeer. The back of the card has an advertisement for Schranz & Bieber Co. as the distributor of the card set.

This record contains two trade cards. The first card showcases a detailed illustration of a tapir, one of a series of 52 animal cards. The second card displays advertising for Schranz & Bieber Co. on the back, identifying them as distributors of the animal card set. The advertisement lists their address as 149 5th Ave., NYC. The front of the card features a high-quality illustration, likely chromolithographed, of the tapir against a plain background. The back of the card displays the advertisement for Schranz & Bieber Co. indicating that the cards are part of a larger set of 52.

This trade card, one of a set of 52, features a hand-colored illustration of an opossum. The back of the card advertises Schranz & Bieber Co. at 149 5th Avenue in New York City, New York. The company is identified as the distributor of the animal trade cards.

This is one of a set of 52 trade cards featuring various animals. This particular card depicts a fox. The front of the card has a simple layout with a black and white illustration of a fox surrounded by a white border. The back of the card advertises Schranz & Bieber Co. of 149 5th Ave., New York City, as the distributors of the animal trade card set.

This trade card features a color illustration of a zebra with black and white stripes on a white background. The card is part of a set of 52 animal cards. The back of the card advertises Schranz & Bieber Co., located at 149 5th Avenue, NYC. They are the distributors of the set of cards. This is one of ten animal trade cards in the collection.

This record contains two trade cards. The displayed card features a badger, one of a set of 52 animal trade cards. The illustration is likely a color lithograph or chromolithograph, showcasing the badger in a natural setting. The back of the card advertises Schranz & Bieber Co., located at 149 5th Ave., NYC, as distributors of the complete set of 52 cards. The text on the back indicates that these cards were part of a larger collection, with each card likely depicting a different animal. The image suggests a late 19th-century printing style.

This trade card advertises Schranz & Bieber Co., located at 149 5th Ave., New York City. It is one of 52 cards in a set of animal trade cards. The card depicts a rat, one of many animals in the series. The back of the card features advertising for Schranz & Bieber Co., distributors of the card set. The back of the card is not blank.

This trade card advertises Schranz & Bieber Co., located at 149 5th Ave in New York City, as distributors of a set of 52 animal cards. The front of the card features a picture of a pig. The back of the card lists the company address and states that the cards are part of a set of 52.

This trade card advertises Schranz & Bieber Co., distributors of animal trade cards. The front of the card features an illustration of a rhinoceros. The back of the card advertises Schranz & Bieber Co., located at 149 5th Ave. in New York City. The card notes that this is one of 52 cards, suggesting the company was offering a set of animal cards. [The company Schranz & Bieber Co. was likely a business dealing in wholesale and retail sales of various items, including novelty items such as animal trade cards. The cards were likely given away free with purchases or given to children to encourage buying. The company may have sold wholesale to other businesses. ]

Billhead from Immerman & Cohn, glaziers, located at 22 Ann Street, New York, New York. The billhead is dated April 27, 1888. The firm's name appears as Immerman & Cohn, with 'Cohn' crossed out on the document, suggesting a change in the business name. The billhead advertises 'French and American Picture and Window Glass Glazing' services.

Invoice from Louis Arnheim, 'The American Tailor,' located at 4 & 5 Astor House, Broadway, New York City. Dated May 20, 1884. The bill lists a purchase of 36 1/2 units of an item (potentially clothing or textiles) for $85.00. The buyer, R. Smith, paid the bill on May 22, 1884, as marked by a stamp. The billhead includes an image of a multi-story building in a frame, possibly the Astor House or a depiction of the business.

This trade card advertises the business of A. Adelmann, a tobacconist located at 625 8th Street in New York City. The card is dated circa 1885. The reverse of the card is blank. Two cards are included in this record.

This trade card advertises Meyer's Millinery, a hat shop located at 36 West 14th Street, New York City. The card features an ornate design with a landscape and flowers, suggesting a stylish and high-quality product. The card notes that Meyer's also sells ribbons, feathers, and flowers, expanding its offerings beyond hats. The back of the card contains additional advertising information. The card mentions that the store is having a grand opening and that the company also has stores in Chicago and Paris.

This trade card advertises Bloom's, a dry goods and fancy goods store in New York City. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a boy and girl reading a book. The illustration is created in pastel tints and ink. The back of the card provides details about the store's inventory, which includes a wide array of items including women's and children's clothing, lace, and artificial flowers. The card employs over a dozen different fonts in a well-designed layout.

This trade card advertises Sam'l M. Lederer's down-town store in Manhattan, specializing in rugs and wallpaper. The front of the card features [information about the imagery on the card is missing from the description]. The text on the card clearly states the business name and address: 207 & 209 Greenwich St., NYC. A note indicates that there is a message to children on the card, but specifics are not provided. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises J. Lichtenstein, a business located at 285 & 287 Grand Street in New York City. The card is illustrated with two colorful images of exotic birds, one a blue-bellied lorikeet and one a pale-headed parrot. The background is a simple, textured pattern. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises J. Lichtenstein, a business located at 285 & 287 Grand Street, New York City. The card features two colorful illustrations of birds. One is a trogon, a tropical bird that eats insects. The other is a sun-collared bird that drinks nectar, like a hummingbird. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card announces Ehrich's Fall Opening. The front of the card (image 1) shows children with an umbrella, suggesting an autumnal setting. The back of the card (image 2) contains a full advertisement that includes the business's address: 8th Av. & 24th St., New York, New York. The card's design and imagery suggest a late 19th-century origin.

This trade card advertises Ehrichs', a store located at 8th Avenue and 24th Street in New York, New York. The front of the card features an image of a young boy with a playmate on his back. The back of the card provides a full advertisement for the store.

NOT ENOUGH INFO

Billhead showing receipt of payment from Strasburger, Pfeiffer & Co., Toys and Fancy Goods, located on Broadway, New York City. Dated January 2, 1879. The billhead is addressed to G. H. Clark in Salisbury, Connecticut. The second page is blank.

A two-and-a-half-page letter dated January 27-28, 1834, from Henry Hays in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Seth Low & Co. in New York City. Hays details his financial troubles, promising to repay debts and outlining a plan for settling his accounts with creditors. The letter reflects the business practices and financial anxieties of the time.

Sheet music for "The Favorite 'Blue Bird Polka Redowa,'" as performed by Hassler's Orchestra. Composed by G. Weingarten and published by Chas. W. A. Trumpter in Philadelphia in 1866.

Deed dated February 12, 1793, in which Gabriel William Ludlow, merchant, executor to William Brownjohn, druggist, sold a piece of land on Wall Street, New York City, to Benjamin Seixas. The deed includes a subsequent assignment of the purchase to John Ray by Benjamin Seixas. The document measures 9x14 inches and comprises a single page.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Rosalie from Liverpool, England, to New York City on April 25, 1817. The record lists Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias as involved parties. The document is a broadside.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Sally Anne in New York City from Hamburg, Germany on July 7, 1819. The record indicates the shipment was consigned to Samuel I. Tobias and T. I. Tobias. This document is part of a larger collection of commercial records.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Robert Burns in New York City from Liverpool, England on April 26, 1817. The record lists Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias as involved parties. The document was valued as one collection and purchased on January 7, 2013.

Shipping record documenting the arrival of goods in New York City from Liverpool, England, on April 26, 1817. The record lists Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias as involved in the transaction. The ship was the Robert Burns. This document is part of a larger collection of business records.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of goods from Liverpool, England to New York, New York on April 25, 1817, by Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias aboard the ship Rosalie. This document serves as a record of the shipment's port of entry and its contents.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Aurora in New York City from Liverpool, England on May 24, 1817. The record lists Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias in connection with the shipment.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Amity from Liverpool, England to New York, New York, on April 9, 1817. The record indicates Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias as consignees.

Shipping record documenting the arrival of cargo in New York from Liverpool, England on December 13, 1816. The record details the shipment by Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias and lists the port of entry as New York City.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Solon in New York City from Liverpool, England on July 7, 1817. The document lists Samuel I. Tobias and John Hudson in connection with the shipment. This broadside is part of a larger collection of business records.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship *Aurora* from Liverpool, England, to New York, New York, on October 25, 1817. The record indicates Samuel I. Tobias and John Hudson were involved in the shipment. The document's value suggests its importance as a record of commercial activity between England and the United States during that period.

Shipping record detailing goods imported into New York City by Samuel I. Tobias and T. I. Tobias from Cayez (possibly Puerto Rico) aboard the ship Solon on May 18, 1817. The record includes information about the port of entry and the value of the goods.

Shipping record detailing the import of goods from Liverpool, England to New York, New York, by Samuel I. Tobias and John Hudson on May 6, 1817. The record indicates the port of entry and likely includes details of the shipment's contents and value.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Ann in New York City from Liverpool, England on July 11, 1817. The record notes Samuel I. Tobias and John Hudson's involvement in the shipment. This broadside was likely created as part of the customs documentation process upon the ship's arrival in New York.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Hercules in New York City from Liverpool, England on August 28, 1817. The record indicates the involvement of Samuel I. Tobias and John Hudson.

Shipping record detailing the import of goods by Samuel I. Tobias and John Hudson from Liverpool, England to New York, New York on November 18, 1816. The record indicates the port of entry and likely includes details of the shipment's contents and value.

Three-page handwritten ledger sheet (8" x 10") detailing spring purchases made by David Judah (DJ) in Richmond, Virginia, from Pollock & Co. in New York City. Dated December 22, 1822.

One-page ledger sheet detailing the account of Edward Pollock from the auction held by Haggerty, Austin & Co. in New York, New York on March 18, 1822. The sheet measures 13" x 8".

One-page ledger sheet (9.75" x 8") detailing the account of Edward Pollock with L. B. Boruck & Co. in New York City. The sheet includes a signature by John Boruck and is dated August 13, 1822. The account covers transactions from April 1, 1822 to August 12, 1822.

A receipt for a purchase made by Edward Pollock from Haggerty, Austin & Co. in New York, New York on January 24, 1822. The receipt is a single sheet measuring 6" x 8.5".

A one-quarter page receipt (2.5" x 8.5") documenting a purchase made by Edward Pollock from Haggerty, Austen & Co. in New York City on January 24, 1822. The receipt is part of a larger collection of financial records related to Dodge & Sons.

Printed receipt form documenting a payment by E. Pollock to the Mercantile Line for shipping a box from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York on January 20, 1822. The receipt measures 7.25" x 2".

Printed receipt documenting payment by T. I. Tobias & Co. to the New-York Daily Advertiser for advertisements published between March 11, 1825 and May 3, 1825. The advertisements announced the firm's "Removal," likely indicating a change of business location. The receipt measures 7.25" x 2".

Printed receipt for payment from T. I. Tobias & Co. to the New-York Daily Advertiser for a 24-day and 9-month subscription, dated November 1, 1825. The receipt measures 7.25" x 2" and is glued to another item (17-1139).

Handwritten receipt documenting the payment of property taxes by T. J. Tobias in New York City on March 15, 1825. The receipt measures 8.75" x 2.75". Acquired as part of a larger collection on January 7, 2013.

A signed receipt from T. I. Tobias & Co. to Solomon H. Jackson, a Jewish printer, for bills of lading. Dated May 18, 1825, New York City. Measures 7" x 6".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Cohen & Nisbet in New York City on May 12, 1825. The receipt measures 7.5" x 5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Cohen & Nisbet in New York City on April 15, 1825. The receipt measures 7.5" x 3". It is part of a larger collection of financial records.

Newspaper issue from April 8, 1809, published in New York, New York. The four-page issue contains a detailed account of a fire that occurred in Richmond, Virginia, at the shop of Solomon Marks, a Jewish merchant.

This trade card advertises Frank, Gutmann & Co., a New York City business specializing in lace and silk goods. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a young girl with flowers in her hair. The image is likely chromolithographed, given its vibrant colors. The card measures 3 1/8 by 4 5/8 inches. The back of the card contains a full advertisement, which is not fully visible in the current image. The advertisement mentions the store's location is between Broadway and Church Streets.

Receipt documenting items purchased by T. I. Tobias & Co. from David Brooks & Son in New York City on April 13, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from David Brooks & Son in New York City on April 30, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

This archival item consists of two receipts, dated April 21, 1825, documenting purchases made by T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City. One receipt is from David Brooks & Sons, and the other is from Randolph & Withers. The receipts measure 8" x 3.5". These receipts were purchased on January 7, 2013, and are valued as a single collection, listed with historical context as item 20.1132 in Collectify.

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Randolph & Withers in New York City on May 12, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

Receipt documenting the return of 60 barrels of whiskey, totaling 2,023.97 gallons, by William & John James to John Duffy, the gauger, on June 15, 1825 in New York, New York. The receipt details the quantity in each barrel. It measures 7.75" x 7". This receipt is connected to a purchase of this whiskey lot by Gomez, as referenced in receipt 17-1163T. Tobias was also involved in the wholesale liquor business and auctioneering.

A receipt documenting the sale of 2,023.97 gallons of whiskey by William & John James to A. L. Gomus (Gomez) for $526.26 (26 cents per gallon). The receipt was issued on June 16, 1825 in New York, New York.

Receipt documenting the sale of 1743.84 gallons of whiskey by Jacob Cram to A. L. Gomez for $549.31 on May 27, 1825 in New York City. The receipt details the price per gallon as 31.5 cents. The document measures 7.75" x 7".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Shetters & King in New York City on May 13, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 4.5". It is part of a larger collection of financial records.

Receipt issued by Walter Thorp to T. I. Tobias & Co. for goods or services rendered on April 15, 1825 in New York City, New York. The receipt measures 8" x 4.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from William Hutchinson in New York, New York on April 14, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 4.5".

Receipt for items bought by T. J. Tobias & Co. from George C. Lamb in New York City on April 25, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 4.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Buchanan, Calder & Co. in New York City on May 7, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

A receipt issued on May 11, 1825, in New York City by Casper Meier to T. I. Tobias & Co. for goods purchased. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Thomas Newbould & Co. in New York City on April 23, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 4.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from P. M. Wetmore in New York City on May 6, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 4.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from T. Bell in New York City on May 2, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 2".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Thomas Newbould & Co. in New York, New York on November 26, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 4.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from William Hutchinson in New York City on November 10, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 4.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Buchanan, Calder & Co. in New York City on November 25, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Buchanan, Calder & Co. in New York City on November 11, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

A receipt issued on November 16, 1825, by Hicks, Lawrence & Co. in New York, New York, to T. J. Tobias & Co. for unspecified goods. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

This document is a receipt for goods purchased by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Thomas H. Leggett & Co. in New York City on May 5, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

Receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Thomas H. Leggett & Co. in New York, New York on October 18, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Vandewoort & Vanwinkle in New York, New York on October 17, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

Receipt documenting items purchased by T. I. Tobias & Co. from A. O. Brodie in New York City on October 6, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Corlies, Mabbett & Merritt in New York, New York on November 26, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

Receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Thomas Newbould & Co. in New York City on December 19, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

A receipt issued by E. W. Dunham & Co. of New York, New York to T. J. Tobias & Co. for goods or services purchased on October 29, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

Receipt for items purchased by T. I. Tobias & Co. from D. Brooks in New York City on October 31, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5". It is part of a larger collection of financial records acquired on January 7, 2013.

A receipt documenting items purchased by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Joseph Walker in New York City on November 5, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Laverty & Gantley in New York City on November 26, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 6.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from S. E. Fotterall & Sons in New York City on October 18, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 4.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. I. Tobias & Co. from Rich Holt Lager in New York, New York on October 18, 1825. The receipt measures 9" x 7.5".

A receipt documenting a purchase made by M. I. Tobias & Co. from S. E. Fotterall & Sons in New York City on October 19, 1825. The receipt measures 9" x 7.5".

Printed property tax receipt for property owned by T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated December 5, 1825. The receipt was issued by William Berrian.

Billhead from P. Nentzel, boot maker from Paris, to H. Tobias, located in New York City. Dated June 8, 1841. The bill lists the purchase of a pair of boots on May 22, and 3 more pairs on June 2, totaling $4.50. The billhead has a printed header, with simple lettering.

Invoice from P. Nentzel, Boot Maker from Paris, located at No. 359 Broadway, New York City, to Mr. H. Tobias. Dated February 22, 1841. The billhead lists a variety of shoe items, including: 'a pair of bottoms English soles,' 'a pair of Do Do,' 'a pair of Cork boot English soles,' 'a pair of ruskin wrappers,' 'a pair of slippers double soles.' Prices are listed for each item, with a total of $19.25. The billhead is written in elegant script, with the name of the business printed at the top of the billhead. The name and address of the business are also included.

Billhead from the New York City firm S. J. Neustadt & Barnett to Henry Tobias for personal items, including jewelry, dated November 18, 1842. The billhead suggests a connection between New York City and London.

Billhead from E. Stebbins & Co. to Henry & Charles Tobias for personal items, including jewelry, dated August 5, 1841, in New York City. The billhead is part of a larger collection of business records documenting the activities of Jewish merchants in 19th-century New York.

Billhead from W. Parkinson of New York City, dated January 1841, for framing services rendered to Henry Tobias for a copy of the Declaration of Independence. The billhead features a vignette of an American eagle and the text "American Manufactory."

Billhead from Leary & Co. to Henry Tobias for personal items, including a hat, dated October 9, 1841, in New York City. The billhead features a vignette of an American eagle.

Billhead from R. Hovey to Henry Tobias for personal items, including a trunk, dated April 9, 1841, in New York City. The billhead is part of a larger collection of financial records related to Charles Tobias.

Billhead from Ball, Tompkins & Black to Henry Tobias for personal items, including a silver presentation pitcher for Capt. J. Collins, dated October 12, 1841, New York City. The billhead documents a purchase of goods for $60.00.

Invoice from Jos. Richardson, a mason, for work done for W. Hisslope at No. 63 Exchange Place, New York, New York. Dated September 1841. The bill includes an itemized list of mason work, including repairs and setting of grates, and notes the materials used. The total amount due is $16.50. The billhead is in simple handwritten script and includes the business address and the date of the transaction.

Billhead from Edmund Baldwin, Importer of English Books, located at 102 Broadway, New York City. Dated May 17, 1841. The billhead lists a series of books purchased by Henry Tobias. The total for the transaction was $52.25. There is a small rectangular stamp in the top left corner reading 'Agent for the Penny Magazine, Penny Cyclopedia, &c.'

Billhead from St. John, Raymond & Co., drapers and tailors, located at 84 Broadway, 3 doors below Wall Street, New York City. Dated July, 1841. The bill lists a series of transactions for tailoring services, including

A billhead from Edward Storrs, a woolen draper, tailor, and hatter, located in Liverpool, England. The billhead is dated October 29, 1840. The bill is for Henry Tobias and lists multiple items of clothing, including trousers, vests, and shirting. The handwriting is clear and easy to read. The billhead includes a printed header, ornate lettering, and a detailed description of the items sold.

Printed receipt for property taxes paid on a home located at 73 Amity Street in New York City. The receipt is dated December 12, 1840, and is made out to Henry Tobias.

Printed receipt for medical advice issued by Dr. E. G. Ludlow to Henry Tobias in New York City on August 16, 1841. The receipt suggests a possible secondary recipient, though the primary recipient appears to be Henry Tobias. This receipt is part of a larger collection of financial records purchased on January 7, 2013.

Printed receipt for a subscription to the *New-York Journal of Commerce*, issued to H. Tobias & Co. at 158 Pearl Street, New York City, on January 18, 1841. This receipt is part of a larger collection of financial records.

Receipt documenting the sale of various pieces of furniture from Louis Belloni to Henry Tobias in New York City on October 22, 1842. The receipt measures 8" x 8.5".

Receipt issued on January 9, 1841, in New York City, documenting payment for professional services rendered by I. Kearny Rodgers to Henry Tobias in August 1840. The receipt measures 8" x 3".

Receipt issued on March 13, 1821 in New York City from D. R. N. Sutherland to Mr. Tobias for six loaves of sugar and ten boxes of sperm candles. The receipt measures 8" x 3".

A receipt documenting the sale of two bushels of apples from Clark & Smith to H. & C. Tobias in New York City on March 19, 1841. The receipt measures 7" x 4.25".

A receipt documenting the rental of a coach from A. Hagan to Mr. Tobias in New York City on October 26, 1841. The receipt measures 7" x 3".

This document is a hand-written receipt from Robert Famantz to H. C. Tobias for the creation of pants and a frock coat. The receipt was issued in New York City on June 22, 1841. It measures 7.5" x 4".

Receipt documenting payment for the use of a saddle horse twice in October 1841, from J. S. Roulstone and J. S. Bloom to C. Tobias. The receipt mentions a connection to a riding school (see 17-1250T). The receipt measures 2.5" x 6" and was issued in New York City.

A receipt for payment to C. Tobias for services rendered to the "Riding School" by J. S. Roulstone and J. S. Bloom during July. The receipt is dated January 18, 1841, and originates from New York City, New York, United States. It measures 2.5" x 7.5".

Receipt for volumes 1, 2, and 3 (unspecified) from M. H. Cardozo to Henry Tobias for the amount of $ in New York City, New York, dated February 9, 1841. The receipt measures 4.25" x 8".

A billhead from Geo. Trull, a wholesale and retail hosiery and glove store located at 34 Maiden Lane in New York, NY. The billhead is dated October 8, 1840, and records the purchase of three merino shirts for $7.50 by Mr. Henry Tobias. The document has an elegant and formal look, with ornate script fonts and subtle flourishes. The billhead is printed on quality paper and includes a framed advertisement for the business, detailing their offerings of stockings, gloves, and other goods.

A receipt documenting a purchase of a "Large Brilliant," likely a crystal chandelier, from Read & Taylor by Henry Tobias. The receipt details a payment of $150.00, with a $10.00 cash discount, on September 1, 1841, in New York City. The receipt measures 8" x 4.5".

Receipt from Woodward & Pearce (?), a business in New York City, to Mr. Tobias for a pair of hose. Dated September 10, 1841. The receipt measures 8" x 3".

A receipt for undoing 652 balls of cord at one cent per ball, from Francis Tudehope to Mr. Harrison. The receipt is dated June 9, 1842, and originates from New York City. It measures 5" x 4".

Receipt documenting a transaction for clothing from Robert Famariss to H. Tobias in New York City on August 5, 1841. The receipt measures 4" x 8".

An advertisement for R. C. Godfrey, a merchant tailor located at 16 Liberty Street, New York, offering 250 plates of winter and fall fashions. Published by Funster in London, circa 1842. The advertisement is handwritten and measures 8" x 6". Found with Tobias papers.

A receipt documenting the sale of a lot of wool shawls from Prave & Livermore to H. & C. Tobias in New York City on October 23, 1841. The receipt measures 8" x 4".

A receipt for one and a half dozen hair brushes and three additional hair brushes, issued by J. H. Noe to H. Tobias in New York City on October 24, 1841. The receipt measures 8" x 4".

A receipt documenting the sale of 14 pounds of sugar and 3 gallons of brandy from Chester Driggs to Mr. Tobias on September 19, 1839, in New York City. The receipt measures 8" x 3".

A receipt documenting a transaction for sugar from J. E. Sutherland to Mr. Tobias in New York City, dated November 28, 1840. The receipt measures 8" x 3.5".

A receipt documenting the sale of furniture from John Horspool to Mr. Tobias in New York City on March 30, 1838. The receipt measures 7" x 3".

A receipt listing numerous textile purchases, forwarded for the account of Henry & Charles Tobias in New York through Leech Harrison & Co. in Liverpool. The receipt, dated July 15, 1840, is a single folded sheet with two sides numbered 352 and 353; the verso is blank. The document indicates transactions between New York City and London/Liverpool, England, and Huddersfield, England. The document measures 8" x 10.5".

Printed and handwritten receipt issued by Congregation Shearith Israel to Charles Tobias on June 8, 1841, for payment of six months' rent for seat #13. The receipt is signed by D. Phillips Cohn. The receipt measures 7.75" x 3.25".

Printed and handwritten receipt from Congregation Shearith Israel in New York, New York, to Charles Tobias for donations received during the first and second quarters of 1841. The receipt is signed by D. Phillips Cohn. Measures 7.75" x 3.25".

Printed and handwritten receipt issued by Congregation Shearith Israel to Charles Tobias for donations received during the third and fourth quarters of 1841. The receipt is signed by D. Phillips Cohn. It measures 7.5" x 2.5".

Printed receipt issued by Congregation Shearith Israel in New York, New York on June 8, 1841, to Henry Tobias for seat rental. The receipt indicates payment for six months and is signed by D. Phillips Cohn. The receipt measures 7.5" x 2.75".

Printed and handwritten receipt issued by Congregation Shearith Israel in New York, New York to Henry Tobias for donations received during the first two quarters of 1841. The receipt is signed by D. Phillips Cohn. Measures 7.75" x 3.25".

Power of Attorney document appointing Henry and Charles Tobias of New York City as agents to transact business for the firm of J., W. & E. Ward of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated February 20, 1839. Measures 8" x 10.75".

Three-page manuscript trust agreement (13" x 8.5") dated May 8, 1886, in which Edmund and Francis Hendricks resign as trustees for Augusta and Henry A. Tobias, appointing the United States Trust Company as successor trustee. The document is part of a larger collection.

Transcription of a trust agreement between the Hendricks and Tobias families, detailing the resignation of Edmund and Francis Hendricks as trustees for Augusta and Henry A. Tobias, and the appointment of the United States Trust Company. Prepared by attorney Samuel Riker for a fee of $200. The document includes details of the original trust established in 1844. Six pages, 13" x 8", bound in a legal cover. Filed May 8, 1886, in New York, New York.

A receipt documenting a statement of account between William Page of London, England and I. J. Tobias of New York, New York, dated December 23, 1859. The document measures 7.5" x 10".

This document is a receipt and statement of account from J. A. Becker of Paris, France to Henry Tobias of New York, New York. The statement details a current account balance as of November 30, 1845. The receipt measures 8.5" x 11".

A billhead from Alex T. Stewart & Co. in New York, New York, dated April 1, 1846. The billhead lists merchandise sent to Mr. Tobias. The document measures 8" x 4".

A one-page letter written by Aaron B. Nones in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to S. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on February 9, 1819. Nones reports on his arrival in Haiti, the poor prospects for sales due to a large influx of goods from France, and his intention to travel to Aux Cayes to sell goods for Tobias & Co. He expresses gratitude for the hospitality received in New York City. Nones is identified as the son of Benjamin Nones, a patriot of the American Revolutionary War. A related 1825 legal document from New York City, in which Nones is a defendant in a civil matter, is also part of this collection.

Two-page letter written by Aaron B. Nones in Les Cayes, Haiti, to S. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on March 12, 1819. The letter discusses sales of cologne water, lists prices of various commodities, requests references to Mr. Harbeck and colleagues, and notes the opportunities for business ventures in Haiti.

Two-page letter written by Aaron B. Nones in Les Cayes, Haiti, to S. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on August 7, 1819. Nones reports on the sales of cologne water, lists prices of various commodities, and discusses his inability to sell silks due to French imports.

Three-page letter from N. Hart in London, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated November 10, 1820. The letter contains gossip and business news, including details of a lawsuit, bankruptcy, and family updates.

Five-page letter from Abraham Joseph in London, England to T.I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated December 20, 1820. The letter details economic conditions in Europe and family news from England, France, Ireland, and Jamaica. It also mentions the release of Nathan Joseph from prison after clearing debts.

A one-page stampless business letter from N. Hart in London, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated November 28, 1822. The letter discusses accounts and mentions Tobias's illness (gout).

Four-page letter from Abraham Joseph in London, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated October 22, 1822. The letter contains community news, including the marriage of a young Montefiore to Sally Mocatto, and expresses relief that Tobias escaped the yellow fever epidemic in New York. Joseph also inquires about business opportunities with Tobias's brother Sam, who is working with Simpson-Jew in London.

A seven-page (including three cross-hatched pages) letter from Abraham Joseph to Tobias I. Tobias in London, dated December 12, 1822. The letter contains community and commercial news and reports. This stampless letter is part of a larger collection purchased on January 7, 2013.

A 1 1/2-page letter written by G. Sylvester in London, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, New York on April 9, 1822. The letter contains family news, including details about a brother's experiences at a synagogue, the recovery of Elizabeth from smallpox, some business news, and Sylvester's desire to visit America.

A one-and-a-half-page stampless letter from D. Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia, to Edward Pollock & Co. in New York, New York, dated October 9, 1822. The letter discusses drafts received totaling $5,178.63. A third page contains a separate, unusual letter to Tobias, with Judah denying involvement and ending with "I am here where are you? I am done, D J."

Two-page letter written by Mike Tobias in Liverpool, England to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on November 5, 1822. The letter expresses anger and details a property deal. The letter is stampless.

A two and three-quarters page letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond on February 21, 1822. Tobias expresses concern over the lack of received balance sheets from Judah and notes an increase in the profit share allocated to his brother, Isaac Tobias, to 50%.

A letter from Hoffmann & Fersch, manufacturers of show cases, located at 148 Chatham Street, New York City, to E. H. Leary. The letter, dated September 26, 1876, is printed on letterhead that also advertises their patent Magic Show-Case Door Spring (1870). The letter measures 8 x 10 inches when fully open.

Invoice from Spelman Brothers, importers of fancy goods, notions, and trimmings, located at 355 & 357 Broadway, New York. Dated December 22, 1881. The bill indicates the buyer is H. W. Underwood, located at 447 Fulton St., Brooklyn, New York. The bill lists “1/2 doz Royal Newport Chains 7.25” and the price of $1.88. The billhead has a printed header, simple but clear details of the business address and transaction. The writing is in a formal script.

This eight-page pamphlet is a sales catalog from Stern Brothers, a prominent New York City department store. Published in 1879, it showcases their collection of hats under the name "Le Monde Elegant." The catalog includes illustrations and descriptions of various hat styles, along with their prices. The catalog is printed on high-quality paper, indicative of the upscale nature of the store and its clientele.

This four-page catalog from Joseph Ullmann Furs, dated 1893, showcases the company's offerings. It includes a letter requesting quotations on furs for sale and an 1893 calendar. Established in 1854, Joseph Ullmann Furs had offices at 165 & 167 Mercer Street, New York City, and 353 Jackson Street, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Invoice from C. H.& E. S. Goldberg, successors to George Goldberg & Co., located at 326 Washington Street & 31 Jay Streets, New York, New York. The bill lists a variety of items purchased from the business by J. C. Buck & Son, including brooms, brushes, cordage, and other household items. Dated October 14, 1876. This billhead features intricate lettering and a printed header with the business name.

Handwritten payroll sheet for Engine Company 21 of the New York City Fire Department for January 1886. Lists names, ranks, and wages of firemen. Includes the total payroll for the company and individual salaries, such as Foreman John Eagan's $152.88 and Fireman Edward J. Levy's $93.42. The total payroll for the month was $1121.10. Names listed include: Eagan, Margison, Lamoreaux, McGill, McGlone, Dodge, Livingston, Melia, Broderick, and Levy. Levy's address, 483 3rd Ave., is also listed.

A one-page business letter dated January 22, 1886, from Samuel Cohn, Director of the Mechanics and Traders Bank of New York City (153 Bowery St.), to the Eagle & Phenix Savings Bank in Columbus, Georgia. Cohn transmits financial information and proposes a correspondent banking relationship between the two institutions. The letter is written on the letterhead of Samuel Cohn & Bro., 281 Grand Street, "East Side Agency for E.C. Burt Shoes."

Invoice from Julius Levy, dealer in cloths, cassimeres, vestings, tailoring goods, and goods from auction, located at the corner of William and Frankfort Streets, New York. Dated May 3, 1866. The bill is addressed to R. Simpson and lists the purchase of three items: “Cashmere,” “Bogum,” and “Black Cashmere”. The items are listed with the quantity, unit price, and total cost for each. The billhead has simple lettering and no decorative elements. The transaction is marked as paid.

Billhead from H. B. Stern & Co., a hat retailer located at 108 Grand Street, New York, New York. The bill is dated May 7, 1881. The bill is for a purchase from H. B. Stern & Co. by Hower & Bros. and includes an itemized list of the transaction. The billhead features a company logo of a lion with a flag, ornate lettering, and a decorative border.

A billhead or letterhead for the New York Collar Co., importers and manufacturers of ladies' and children's collars and neckwear, located at 55 Franklin Street, New York, New York. The billhead dates from February 5, 1885. The billhead is addressed to Hower Bros. of Burbank, Ohio, and is a sample of the company's collars, which are being sent on approval. The billhead features simple but elegant lettering with the business name in boldface. It also includes a clear and concise statement of the company's mission, as well as its address and contact information.

A printed, filled-in debt form representing a loan of $2,000 from Jacob Seixas to Elias Bloy. The note is dated April 29, 1809, and signed by Bloy. The form is a formal printed document with handwritten details.

Deed signed by Abraham De Peyster, Isaac De Peyster, Anne De Peyster, Pierre De Peyster, and Elizabeth De Peyster Hamilton. Witnessed by Hayman Levy, Samuel Seabury Jr., Jacob Walton, and William Sackett. Includes remains of five personal wax seals and an embossed New York IV Pence tax stamp. Describes property located on the East Side of Broadway, New York, between the house of the widow of John Minerson and the house of William Barker. Dated January 14, 1757.

A commercial letter written by Thalheimer & Hirsch, manufacturers of the Centennial Shirt, to Rhoades & Grosvenor on May 29, 1874. The letter, originating from 14 Bank Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, expresses dissatisfaction with received cloth. The letterhead features a patriotic design incorporating an eagle, the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, and a Star of David containing "C100", a registered trademark dating back to May 2, 1872. The letter measures approximately 12 x 8 1/2 inches.

Invoice from David Marks & Sons, located at 447 Broadway and 24 Mercer Street, New York, New York. Dated September 27, 1887, the bill lists an itemized list of items purchased, likely clothing, by Honig & Schutter, of Hazleton, Pennsylvania. The billhead includes a handwritten date and a detailed listing of the transaction, with handwritten checkmarks. The billhead has a printed header, ornate lettering, and a horseshoe logo. Decorative elements include a company name banner.

Billhead from Oestreicher & Meyer, manufacturers of cloth hats, caps, and children's fancy turbans. The business was located at 153 South Fifth Avenue, New York, New York. The bill lists an item purchased by Honig & Schutter, likely a hat or cap, for the amount of 25 cents. The date on the billhead is March 3, 1881. The billhead includes ornate lettering and decorative elements, such as a framed header section.

Billhead for Mayer & Loewenstein, Varnish Manufacturers, located at 80 Beekman Street, New York, NY. Dated July 31, 1885. The bill lists a purchase by J. C. Marsh of Bethel, Vermont, likely of varnish, with a quantity of 1/2 Bbl, 2 Bbl, 1 Can, and 1/2 Ptg. The billhead features a detailed lithograph depicting a factory building by the water with sailboats, likely the location of the company's manufacturing plant. The company's established date of 1846 is included in the printed header.

Invoice from Baruch, Meyer & Bro., men's furnishing goods manufacturers and sellers of shirts, drawers, overalls, cardigan jackets, etc. The business was located at 221 Church Street and 38 Lispenard Street in New York City. This bill is dated July 28, 1881 and was likely for a sale to Honig & Schutter, the bill includes an itemized list of the transaction with prices and quantities. The billhead has a printed header, ornate lettering, and clear details of the business address and transaction.

Invoice from A. Sellner & Co., manufacturers of men's, boys', and children's pants. The business is located at 577 Broadway in New York, New York. Dated August 29, 1888. The bill lists a large number of items, likely pants or other clothing items, purchased by Honig & Schutter. The billhead also states that Sellner & Co. has moved to a new location: 5 & 7 East 4th Street, N.Y.

An invoice from C. Stern & Co., manufacturers of gentlemen's neckwear, located at 227 Church Street in New York, New York. Dated October 18, 1883. The bill was issued to E. Rosenfeld & Co. and lists a series of neckwear items, likely ties or bow ties, with their corresponding quantities and prices. There are checkmarks next to each item indicating that they were likely delivered. The total cost of the items is $42.13. The header of the billhead has the company name and information printed in bold, ornate lettering. The body of the bill is printed on ruled lines.

American Jewish marriage contract (Ketubah) written and signed in New York City on September 20, 1832. Officiated by Rabbi Isaac B. Seixas of Congregation Shearith Israel. Jonathan Mitchell and William (?) Isaacs served as witnesses. The document is written in Hebrew and English.

Billhead from Meyer Simon, a manufacturer of the Improved Dress Shirt and dealer in Men's Furnishing Goods, located at 462 Broome Street, New York City. The bill was issued on June 19, 1882, and was likely for the purchase of a bath shirt by H. W. Underwood. It includes a decorative logo featuring a seal with the text 'AWARDED to MEYER SIMON, for Shirts, 1877.'

This trade card, die-cut in the shape of a paint easel, advertises J. Levy Dry Goods of New York City. Located at 93rd Street and Avenue B, the card features an illustration of a young girl holding a basket on the front. The reverse side contains advertising text. The card measures 4 inches by 3 inches.

This trade card advertises Cohen Brothers, importers and dealers in ladies', infants', and gents' furnishing goods. Located at 289 Sixth Avenue, corner 18th Street, New York City, Cohen Brothers appears to be liquidating their stock, as the back of the card announces the dissolution of their partnership. The front of the card features a colorful lithograph of a banner advertising Cohen Brothers, along with a sun, two scary, demon faces, a sailing ship, and a bird. The card measures 2-1/8 inches by 4-1/8 inches.

A business letter dated March 17, 1891, from L. Katzenstein & Co., general machinists and engineers' supplies manufacturers in New York City, to the Furr Alpaca Company in Holyoke, Massachusetts. The letter features an illustration of Katzenstein's patented metallic packing on the letterhead.

This trade card advertises James Rothschild's Boot and Shoe Store, located at 477 8th Avenue, corner of 34th Street in New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of a girl wearing a yellow cape. [The back of the card includes a full advertisement featuring price lists for various footwear. The ad notes that the store is on Scott's old stand.]

This trade card advertises James Rothschild's Boot and Shoe Store, located at 477 8th Avenue (corner of 34th Street) in New York City. The front of the card features an illustration of a young girl in a blue dress. The back of the card contains a full advertisement with prices listed for various types of footwear. The card shows some signs of trimming.

Legal document granting power of attorney from Morris A. Tynberg to Nathan Zemansky to represent him in a lawsuit against P. Lyons & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina. The document was signed by Joseph B. Nones, Commissioner of South Carolina in New York, on May 17, 1866. It includes a blue 50-cent revenue stamp.

This issue of *Scientific American*, dated February 10, 1866, features a full-page article with illustrations on Solomon Nunes Carvalho's apparatus for super-heating steam. The article details the design and functionality of Carvalho's invention, likely providing technical specifications and diagrams. This periodical offers insight into 19th-century engineering and the contributions of a prominent Jewish inventor.

Billhead from April 16, 1877, issued by Levy Bros. & Co., manufacturers of clothing, located at 14 & 16 White Street, New York City, and W. B. Hower & Son of Burbank, Ohio. The billhead details transactions totaling over $400.00 and features a lithograph of the store/factory. The billhead measures 12.5 x 8.5 inches.

Billhead from Adler & Mendelson, Manufacturers of Specialties in Boys' & Children's Clothing, located at 34 E. Houston Street, New York, NY. The bill is dated April 19, 1890 and includes an itemized list of the transaction. The billhead displays ornate Victorian-style lettering with a frame around the header section, the business name, address, and the terms of payment are prominently displayed.

Invoice from I. Golland's Sons, manufacturers of youths', boys', and children's clothing. Located at 438 Broome Street, 1 door East of Broadway, New York. The bill lists several items, including 'Boy Suits' and 'Child Suits,' purchased by Honig & Schutter. The bill includes details on the quantities, prices, and totals of the transaction. The billhead displays ornate Victorian-style lettering and is printed on ruled paper. The company name is handwritten.

Invoice for goods purchased from Hammerslough Bros., manufacturers and jobbers of men's and youths' clothing. Located at 478-480 and 482 Broadway and 435 Broome Street in New York City. Dated April 24, 1886. The bill is addressed to Honig & Schutter in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. The bill lists several items, including linen vests, duck vests, and some unnamed items. The billhead displays a handwritten header with an address and ornate lettering. The invoice features handwritten calculations, an itemized list, and a small check mark at the bottom.

A business letter from Eckman & Vetsburg, wholesale dry goods and notions merchants, located at 151 & 153 Congress Street, Savannah, Georgia. The letter, dated approximately November 1, 1884, mentions a New York City office at 39 Worth Street. The letterhead features a vignette of an office building and a horse-drawn carriage.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting the Plum Street Synagogue in Cincinnati, Ohio. Published by E. & H. T. Anthony & Co. in New York, New York, circa 1875. The reverse of the card indicates that it is 'View in and around Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 7570. The Jewish Synagogue.'

A bifolium broadside issued by Lazard Frères & Co. on March 31, 1884, announcing the appointment of Eugene Arnstein as a partner in their New York City office. The broadside also lists the firm's offices in London and Paris and specifies the banks on which the firm draws. One page displays Arnstein's signature for authentication.

Billhead from Mayer, Strouse & Co., corset and clasp makers, located at 412 Broadway, New York City. Dated April 28, 1893. Features two gold gilt lithographs depicting French medals awarded to the company for their products. A second business, C. W. Faneher & Co., is also mentioned on the billhead.

Three playing cards from the same deck, one being the Ace with a full advertisement. The cards are from JNo J. Levy of 177 & 179 Grand Street, New York. Circa late 1850s-early 1860s. John J. Levy was a partner of Huestis for a brief time. In 1854, Lewis I. Cohen retired, leaving the card manufactory to his son and nephew, who formed Lawrence and Cohen. In 1871, Lawrence and Cohen formed the New York Consolidated Card Company with Samuel Hart and Isaac Levy of Samuel Hart & Co., Philadelphia, and John J. Levy.

A four-sided legal document, partially printed and completed in manuscript, representing a twenty-thousand-dollar bond mortgage. The document is dated October 3, 1855, and signed by David Brown and Th. D. James. It includes a red disc seal and was printed by T. Wood, Successor to Geo. H. Bell, Stationer, 158 Nassau St., New York.

A three-page letter, with an additional two and a half pages of cross-hatched writing, from Abraham Joseph in London, England to T.I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated February 11, 1823. The letter discusses family matters and business dealings, referencing speculation linked to the Rothschilds. The handwriting is difficult to decipher due to the cross-hatching.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond, Virginia on April 9, 1823. The letter discusses ordinary business matters.

A one-page, stampless letter written on March 31, 1823, from an anonymous friend in Liverpool, England to Rebecca Tobias in New York City. The letter includes a short poem.

A three-page, stampless letter written by M. L. Mozley in Liverpool, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, New York, dated April 7, 1823. The letter contains personal news about friends and family.

Two-page letter written by Henry Joseph in Kingston, Jamaica, to T. I. Tobias in New York City on April 20, 1823. Joseph explains his inability to repay a debt, mentioning A. Piexotto & T. R. DeCordova.

A one and one-quarter page stampless letter from N. Hart in London, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated May 13, 1823. Hart congratulates Tobias on the birth of a son; the remainder of the letter pertains to business matters.

A four-page hand-written letter from Eleanor Joseph in Liverpool, England to Mrs. T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated May 22, 1823. Sent via the ship Robert Fulton, the letter conveys personal news, including congratulations on a new child and recovered health, as well as social updates and gossip. The letter is signed by Eleanor and includes a postscript from another woman signing as 'Cattebeilee'.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Fanny Tobias in New York City on June 15, 1823, addressed to her father, T. I. Tobias, also in New York City. The letter contains a playful tone, discussing astronomy and inquiring about the health of her father's family.

A three-page letter written by Abraham Joseph in London, England, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, on June 23, 1823. The letter discusses reconciliation between Tobias I. Tobias and his brother, and business matters concerning a debt owed to Moses Samuel of Liverpool.

A three-page, stampless letter written by M. L. Mozley in Liverpool, England, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, New York, on July 1, 1823. The letter discusses family matters and gossip, along with some business dealings.

A one-page stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his uncle, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York, New York, dated July 1, 1823. Charles requests his uncle not to inform his father about his brother George's misconduct, referencing correspondence from M. L. Mozley regarding problems.

A three and a half page letter from Abraham Joseph in London, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated July 5, 1823. The letter discusses the impending arrival of Mikee Tobias (brother of Tobias I. Tobias) in New York City, the health of Sylvester Joseph in Holland, and encourages his settlement in America. It also includes business gossip and mentions the Rothschilds.

Three-page stampless letter written by M. L. Mozley in Liverpool, England, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated July 31, 1823. The letter primarily discusses family matters, focusing on Mozley's nephew Charles.

One-page letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, dated August 8, 1823. The letter discusses business matters and family news, with Judah expressing concern about not hearing from Tobias.

Stampless letter, one and one-quarter pages, from N. Hart in London to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, dated September 11, 1823. The letter is an angry demand for payment of an outstanding debt.

One-page stampless letter from Mikee Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York, NY, dated November 29, 1823. The letter pertains to the ongoing collection of funds owed to Mikee Tobias by Tobias I. Tobias, a continuation of a matter also discussed in document 20.1222T. Mikee seeks assistance in obtaining payment from A. Joseph.

A one-page letter from N. Hart in London, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated January 30, 1824. The letter discusses accounts and a discrepancy in the amount due to Hart.

A two-page, stampless letter written by N. J. Hays in Montreal, Quebec, Canada to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, on October 20, 1824. Hays expresses thanks for a letter of condolence regarding his father's death and mentions a man known as 'Black Ben'. He also inquires about Tobias's interest in government bonds.

Three and a half page letter from Abraham Joseph in London, England to Mr. and Mrs. Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated October 3, 1824. Joseph expresses hopes for his recipients' inclusion in the "book of life," requests news from the United States, and mentions the serious illness of Elizabeth. The letter was delivered by a friend, N. Sylvester, from London.

A one-page letter written by Hyman Levy in Kingston, Jamaica, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on November 4, 1824. Levy expresses gratitude for the hospitality shown to his friend Costello by Tobias and his brother. He also provides a family update from Jamaica and mentions Asher Levy.

A one-half page, stampless letter written by Michael H. Samuels in Kingston, Jamaica, to T. I. Tobias in New York City on November 6, 1824. Samuels requests Tobias forward a letter and mentions Asher Levy, describing him as "quite rich and equally eccentric as he was 20 years ago." He also asks that regards be sent to their mutual friend U. Hendricks.

One-page letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to E. E. Nicholls in New York City on August 8, 1824. The letter mentions enclosing a draft related to the account of Judah Cohen as a legacy bequest to friends in Richmond, Virginia. The letter may be a draft itself.

A one-page, stampless letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on April 26, 1825. The letter discusses business matters and accounts.

A one-page, stampless letter written by M.B. Seixas to Tobias I. Tobias on September 3, 1834, in New York, concerning a synagogue controversy. The letter is part of a three-part correspondence, addressing Tobias's involvement and the status of accounts with the congregation.

A one-page stampless letter dated September 4, 1834, from S.I. Isaacs to T.I. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter addresses a synagogue controversy, specifically denying previous statements made by Isaacs to Mr. M.B. Seixas concerning Tobias's debts to the congregation.

A two-and-a-half page letter from Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to his brother, Mike Tobias (likely in England), dated January 24 and February 1, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the high prices of French brandy due to the possibility of war and suggests purchasing Pope Brandy instead. A later portion discusses clover seed purchases by Cohen in Baltimore for Rothschild and advises on selling due to oversupply.

A one-and-a-half page stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on January 24, 1836, to his brother Mike (likely residing in England). The letter primarily discusses business matters concerning shipments of seed, rum, and barley.

Two-page business letter from Abraham Tobias & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated October 8, 1836. The letter details business matters including a wine shipment, the cholera epidemic, cloth materials, and a draft on books. It concludes with a note from D. C. Levy expressing gratitude for hospitality in New York City.

A two-page letter from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his father, T. I. Tobias, in New York, New York, dated November 29, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, including commissions, credit limitations, and the upcoming publication of a new edition of Yontif Books. A short note, dated November 30, 1836, is added on a third page, mentioning poor business conditions in London.

A two and a half-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his parents, T. I. and Mrs. Tobias, in New York, New York, on December 23, 1836. The letter discusses questionable business associates and includes a moral reflection on parental duty. The letter is stampless.

A three-page letter from Michael I. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York, New York, dated December 7, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the shipping of knives and forks, and details the tight credit situation in London and the significant discount on bills of exchange, highlighting economic conditions in both the United Kingdom and the United States.

A three-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Manchester, England, to his father, T.I. Tobias, in New York, New York, on December 8, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, including cloth samples from Yorkshire, weather conditions affecting shipping delays, Henry's homesickness, and the sending of cheese to be shared with Mr. Hendricks, Uriah, and Henry.

This trade card advertises Marx Hartman, purveyor of wines, liquors, and cigars. The front of the card depicts two young girls in period attire feeding a deer. This idyllic scene creates a sense of wholesomeness and natural quality, potentially associating the products with a sense of refined taste. The style of the illustration suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic. On the back of the card, the following text is printed: "Families and tourists can be supplied with the choicest wines, liquids and cigars by sending their order to the above address." The address, 592 Atlantic Ave., Brooklyn, NY, is also prominently displayed on the front of the card.

Commencement program for the University of the City of New York (later New York University), held on July 17, 1834, at the Middle Dutch Church in New York, New York. The program lists nine graduates, including Washington Judah. This may be the program for NYU's first graduating class.

Invoice from Barnard & Cohen, manufacturers of ostrich feather dusters, located at 63 Walker Street, New York. Dated July 13, 1885. The bill details the purchase of various sizes of ostrich feather dusters by Gauntlett & Brooks, The billhead has a printed header, ornate lettering, and clear details of the business address and transaction.

A two-page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Manchester, England on January 11, 1836, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the arrival of Mr. Peck's shipment in England and Henry's upcoming travel to London and Paris.

A one-page letter written by Jonas Hasting in Port Gibson, Mississippi, on February 20, 1837, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter concerns a promise to pay a debt.

A two and three-quarter page letter from Michael I. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated March 7, 1837. The letter discusses business matters, advising caution in financial dealings and relaying concerns about the Bank of England. This letter, along with others in the collection, highlights the importance of transatlantic family commercial intelligence during the Panic of 1837.

A two and one-quarter page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York City on March 31, 1837. The letter discusses the difficult economic conditions in England, including business failures and widespread pessimism, in the context of the impending Panic of 1837.

A two-and-a-half-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York City on March 23, 1837. The letter discusses grim business conditions, anticipating the Panic of 1837, and includes personal family matters, such as the sending of an ermine boa.

A three-page letter dated April 7, 1837, from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, including concerns about a delayed ship carrying cash, difficulties discounting American notes, business failures, and economic hardships affecting spinners in England. The letter provides insight into transatlantic family commercial intelligence three weeks before the Panic of 1837.

A one-page stampless letter written by S. S. Thornton in Manchester, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City on July 15, 1837. The letter inquires about Henry Tobias's departure from Mr. P (possibly Peck) amidst the Panic of 1837.

A four-page letter, with an additional cross-hatched page, written by Sophia Levy in London, England, on August 28, 1837, to Henry Tobias in New York City. Levy, who is on vacation in Sanfield West Darby, England, is writing to Tobias to request that he care for her father upon the latter's arrival in America.

A two-page, stampless letter written by George Tobias in Liverpool, England, on November 7, 1837, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter primarily discusses business matters, mentioning potential market improvements, speculation impacting inventory, and an anticipated price drop after Christmas.

A two and a half page stampless letter written by L. M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his cousin Henry Tobias in New York, New York, on November 23, 1837. The letter contains personal news, gossip, and business matters, including a humorous reference to L. M. Tobias's mistress.

A three-page hand-written letter from Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his cousin Henry Tobias in New York City, dated December 1, 1837. The letter discusses a sickly clerk, weekly resources and pension, Fred M.'s views on marriage, and an apology for a joke Henry misunderstood.

A 1 1/2-page stampless letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on May 5th and 7th, 1838, to his father, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York City. The letter discusses the recent death of M.J. Tobias, plans to visit Uncle Asher in London, and contains business matters.

A one-and-a-half-page letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on April 7, 1838, to his cousin Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses family matters, including the potential return of Fred and his brother Henry to America at their father's request. It also details the challenges faced by British merchants selling goods in America due to high import duties and mentions a scheme to circumvent these duties. The letter further mentions that George is ill and that this increases Fred's workload.

A two-and-a-half-page stampless letter written by Lewin Mosely in Liverpool, England on April 10, 1838, to Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter expresses sympathy regarding the death of Charles's uncle and mentions that George's illness has increased Mosely's workload.

A two-and-a-half-page letter from Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, dated April 16, 1838, to his cousin Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses his brother George's melancholy, thanks Charles for condolences on the death of their father, details the inability to ship their father's body back to England for burial, and requests that Charles place a notice of their father's death in American newspapers. The letter also mentions the sons' assumption of the family firm.

Two-page letter from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated April 27 and May 1, 1838. The letter discusses the appointment of Henry and Charles as agents for their cousins George and Fred Tobias, Henry's hope to receive money from Uncle Asher, a suggestion of a loan from Uriah Hendricks, and the takeover of the family firm by the sons. The letter mentions American papers.

A one-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York, New York on May 1, 1838. The letter discusses a loan of 1,000 pounds from an Uncle Asher.

A two-and-a-quarter page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York City on May 7, 1838. The letter details business matters concerning two boxes of watches for Read & Taylor, Fellows & Wadsworth, and instructions to contact Hutchinson, Reed, Leseure, McGean, Farr, and Dixon regarding notes payable.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City on May 8, 1838. The letter discusses business matters, mentioning working late and missing breakfast.

Two commercial letters written in 1838. The first, dated May 16, 1838, is from M. I. Tobias & Co. in Liverpool, England, to Henry and Charles Tobias in New York City. The correspondent mentions a letter from the executor of their deceased parent and discusses business matters, particularly orders and inventory levels for Philadelphia clients. The second letter, dated May 29, 1838, from Fred Tobias in Liverpool to Charles Tobias in New York, mentions Henry's departure for New York and sends family greetings.

A 2 1/2 page letter from Henry Tobias in London, England to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated May 19, 1838. Henry announces receiving 1000 pounds from Uncle Asher, using the funds to purchase approximately 550 pounds worth of goods to be shipped to Charles, anticipating a handsome profit. He also mentions purchasing a new sign for the store.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York, New York, dated May 21, 1838. The letter discusses Henry's positive relationship with their Uncle Asher and his instructions regarding the sale of goods until his arrival in New York.

A one-page stampless letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on May 23, 1838, to his cousin Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York, New York on May 28, 1838. Henry details his booked passage on the Great Western, his expected arrival on the 17th (a twelve-day trip), and the cost of his passage (42 pounds). He requests that his arrival be kept quiet.

A one-page letter from Schmidt & Werner in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated May 30, 1838. The letter includes three pasted-in newspaper notices announcing the death of M. J. Tobias and the subsequent takeover of his business by his sons, F. M. and G. W. Tobias, with Henry & Chas. Tobias named as their agents in New York City. The cost of each newspaper notice is noted.

A one-page, stampless letter written by A. S. Thornton in Manchester, England, on June 1, 1838, to Mr. Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses insuring goods for shipment to America.

A one-page letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on May 23, 1838, to his cousin Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter requests the forwarding of a letter to Fred's brother Charles, who may be in New York City or Mexico City. It also mentions confusion caused by unnamed remittances and requests that names be included in future remittances.

A quarter-page letter written by Charles M. Tobias in Havana, Cuba, on December 13, 1838, to his uncle, T. I. Tobias, in New York City. The letter reports on the recent French capture of Vera Cruz castle and the writer's impending departure for Montezuma.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in London, England, on December 12, 1838, to his father, T.I. Tobias, in New York City. The letter contains family news, including updates on the health of an uncle recovering from a possible stroke and the grandfather's declining health. The uncle's plans to travel to America in August are also mentioned.

A 2 1/2 page letter from Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York, New York, dated February 6, 1839. The letter discusses family matters, business ventures, and the health of Rosalie. Charles also mentions his uncle, Asher Levy, and plans to contact Mr. Melhado. The letter includes an anecdote about a steamer captain ordering kosher meat for the Tobias brothers.

A four and a half page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on February 12, 1839, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details business matters, family news, and plans for Charles's impending trip to America. The letter mentions the recovery of merchandise from a shipwreck, family disputes involving their uncle Asher Levy, and Henry's upcoming marriage to Rosalie Hendricks.

A two-page letter written by C. A. D'Araigo in Madrid, Spain, on June 28, 1839, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, personal health, and the progress of a school for young Hebrews.

A three-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, on November 16, 1839, to his brother Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, family news, and the financial hardships faced by the Tobias family in the context of the Panic of 1837. Henry also requests Charles to obtain a copy of his Ketubah from Mr. Goldenburg and Mr. Moses.

A two-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Barnsley, England, on November 21, 1839, to his brother Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter details a business plan to address financial difficulties, discusses a failed business venture ('Pasell's'), and expresses concern about a relative ('Cousin Fred').

A one-page letter written by V.A. Sanginetti aboard a steamer to the West Indies on August 6, 1840, addressed to Charles Tobias in New York City. Sanginetti details his travel plans in the West Indies and requests that Tobias forward the letter to his wife in England. The letter is stampless.

Three-page letter written by V.A. Sanginetti in Kingston, Jamaica, to Charles Tobias in New York City on August 24, 1840. The letter discusses the devastating effects of drought on sugar crops, Sanginetti's plans to work in coffee fields, and the financial difficulties faced by Mr. W.T. Alfred and his mother.

A two-page commercial letter written in neat, small handwriting by Leech Harrison & Co. of Liverpool, England, to H. & C. Tobias in New York City on September 30, 1840. The letter discusses the political climate in Europe, predicting the avoidance of war, and provides a detailed trade report and market analysis focusing on cotton and flour.

A two-page commercial letter dated July 31, 1840, from Leech, Harrison & Co. in Liverpool, England, to H. & C. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter provides a detailed trade report and analysis of cotton, flour, and overall market conditions, including predictions about American crops. The writers express a generally optimistic outlook on the return of confidence in trade.

A two-page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England on January 3, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York, New York. The letter details business transactions involving goods such as buttons, velvet, and silk, including discussions of discounts and sales.

A three-page letter, plus a page of cross-hatch markings, from Charles Tobias in Holyhead, England, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City, dated May 7, 1841. Charles details his sea voyage to Liverpool, his health, and his sister Sophie's improved health. A significant portion of the letter discusses business matters, including the financial troubles of Elias Mosley and advice for Henry regarding bills of exchange.

A 1 1/2 page letter written by Charles Tobias in Huddersfield, England, on May 17, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details Charles's difficulties finding suitable goods for resale, his planned itinerary for sourcing goods, and updates on Sophie's improved health and stay at Rock Ferry.

Three-page letter, plus one page of cross-hatching, from Charles Tobias in Rock Ferry, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City, dated May 23, 1841. The letter discusses Sophie's health improvement, business dealings involving purchases for resale, sending samples to Henry, and Charles's view on the upcoming selling season.

A two-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Kidderminster, England, on May 26, 1841, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters related to the button trade, family news, and Charles's travels and lodging at the Lion Hotel.

Three-page letter, plus a two-page cross-hatch addition, from Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City, dated June 3, 1841. The letter details business matters, specifically orders for silk goods, including a discussion on credit and discounting notes. The letter also includes personal news regarding family members.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England on June 6, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter briefly discusses patterns for vestings and the credit terms to be received.

A three-page letter written by Charles Tobias in London, England on July 21, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details business transactions, including orders for jewelry and knives from Paris, financial difficulties, and a health update.

Three-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England on June 17, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter primarily discusses business matters, including orders for jewelry, silk, velvet, and knives placed in Paris on June 11, 1841. It also includes personal details expressing concern over Henry's spending habits and his emotional state.

A one-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on June 19, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter explains why a previous letter, dated June 17, 1841, missed the ship and asserts Charles's lack of responsibility for the delay.

A three-page, stampless business letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York, dated July 11, 1841. The letter discusses business matters, including collection issues and purchases.

A three-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on July 13, 1841, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter primarily discusses the health of Sophia and includes a transcription of a doctor's diagnosis, suggesting treatment options such as a warmer climate (Southern England or Spain), horseback riding, exercise, and medicine.

A three-page letter from Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, dated July 16 and July [day unknown], 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, including watch sales and a competitor's attempt to undercut prices. It also includes personal news about the family's health and activities, including a vacation in Wales.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on August 3, 1841, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. Charles describes his travels, a recent illness requiring an operation, and details purchases of gold rings, chains, and hairpins made in Paris with M.I. Tobias & Co.

A four-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on August 6, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details various purchases, including cloth, doeskins, watches, and paste diamonds. Charles Tobias also describes his illness and impending surgery.

A three-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City on August 17, 1841. The letter discusses Charles's recovery from an operation, business matters concerning braid and silk, and indicates a misunderstanding between the two brothers regarding business practices, specifically the sending of invoices and instructions.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York on August 31, 1841. The letter discusses general business news, mentioning buttons, terry silks, and satin.

A three-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City on September 12, 1841. The letter discusses Charles's impending departure for New York, his sister Sophie's health, the purchase of silk and gold dials, difficulties obtaining Hebrew books, the cost of a medical operation, the number of steerage passengers on his ship, suspicions of smuggling, sending a chronometer, and the purchase of an iron chest for transporting letters.

A one-page commercial letter from R. & A. Campbell in Baltimore, Maryland, dated October 30, 1841, to Henry & Charles Tobias, importers of watches in New York, New York. The letter details an order and description of a watch, chain, and fob.

A three-page, stampless letter from Henry Tobias in Manchester, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated November 28, 1841. The letter discusses general business matters, including watches, gold dials, braid, silk, and moleskins.

A three-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Kidderminster, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City on November 28, 1841. The letter discusses business matters, including a new product (elastic hair cord), sales of Sheffield cutlery, and advertising for a machinist. Henry mentions upcoming travel to London and Paris.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, New York, on December 3, 1841. The letter discusses the writer's return home and mentions new styles of buttons and braids.

A 2 1/2 page letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England, on December 3, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses general business matters, including cloth and buttons, and the health and affairs of Asher Tobias, who is planning a trip to America. Henry seeks assistance from Uriah Hendrick regarding Asher's financial matters.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England, on December 5, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses a lost carpet bag on a railroad, containing a sample case and boots.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Ventnor, Isle of Wight, England, on December 9, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses a meeting with Fanny and Uriah Hendricks, comments on Fanny's weight, and details business matters including buttons, twist, credit, and house repairs needed before renting a property on Amity Street. Henry instructs his mother to wait for his return before leaving her home.

A one-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Ventnor, Isle of Wight, England, on December 9, 1841, to his mother in New York City. The letter instructs his mother not to cross the Atlantic due to the ill health of 'Fan,' who is being cared for in England. It also mentions Fanny, wife of Uriah Hendricks, who lived to be 72 years old. The letter was forwarded by Leech, Harrison & Co., Liverpool.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Paris, France on December 22, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses vestments purchases and financial considerations for a potential business venture between the Tobias family and another party, requiring a 50% capital contribution from M.I. Tobias & Co.

Four-page letter from Henry Tobias in Paris to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated December 26 and 31, 1841. The letter details Henry's business trip, including invoices and a request for funds due to unexpected expenses.

This trade card is a puzzle card that advertises Lewis Jacobs, Merchant Tailor, located at 155 & 157 Fulton Street, Brooklyn, New York. The card features a visual representation of the shop with men's clothing displayed in the window and inside the store. The image likely shows the store's interior and exterior. The card is a unique example of a trade card with a built-in puzzle element.

A letter dated July 25, 1843, from Secku Meylert in Montrose, Pennsylvania, to John M. Read in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter includes a copy of a letter Meylert received from Christian Kunckel regarding a rejected business proposition and a proposed meeting in Wilkes Barre to settle the dispute. Meylert also updates Read on his travel plans.

Vintage carte de visite photograph of August Belmont, taken by Brady in New York, circa 1865. The photograph is accompanied by a signed note: "Compliments of A. Belmont." August Belmont (1816-1890) was a German-born American banker, diplomat, and political leader.

Two handwritten legal documents from New York City, dated August 28 and 29, 1834, and December 26, 1834, detail a suit brought by Benedict Joseph against the United States Government. The case involves the alleged undervaluation of imported goods—72 telescopes, 20 gross of steel pens, and one gross of imitation quills—purchased by Joseph's mother in London, England. The documents include affidavits, witness lists, and information about the transfer of the case to Judge Samuel R. Betts' chambers. The documents offer a glimpse into 19th-century legal practices and international trade, with a focus on a Jewish merchant family's transatlantic business dealings. One document is three pages long (two sheets, both sides written on), while the other is a single page.

Issue of the New York Herald newspaper from February 2, 1860, featuring a report on the opening prayer delivered by Rabbi Morris Raphall at the Thirty-Sixth Congress. This event marked a significant moment in American Jewish history, representing the first time a rabbi delivered an opening prayer before Congress. Published in New York, New York.

Invoice from A. Bernhard & Co., manufacturers of ornamental hair jewelry, charms, diamond work, and all kinds of solid work, located at the Gilsey Building, 169 Broadway, 2nd Floor. Factory located at 4th and 5th Floors. Dated March 11, 1868. The bill lists a purchase by Mr. Melcher of one pair of earrings, two others, one ring, and one hair chain. The total is $11.40, paid by Mr. Melcher. The billhead is printed on blue paper with a white grid and decorative text.

This trade card advertises Sherman, Samuels & Co., a clothing, clock, and dry goods store located at 132 Bowery, New York City. The front of the card depicts a charming illustration of three women dressed in fashionable attire walking towards a store. The ladies carry packages, suggesting their shopping trip is coming to an end. The front of the card also has the Sherman, Samuels & Co. logo and text listing the store’s offerings - clothing, clocks, dry goods, and credit. The back of the card is fully dedicated to an advertisement for Sherman, Samuels & Co. and lists the store’s offerings in greater detail.

This trade card advertises Sam'l M. Lederer's Shirts, located at 207 & 209 Greenwich Street in New York City. The front of the card depicts an illustration of two children reading. The card is approximately 4 x 3 inches and has a blank back.

This trade card advertises E. Bissinger, an importer of diamonds and fine jewelry, located at 182 Broadway in New York City. The front of the card features the business name and address in elegant typography, indicating the nature of their business. The back of the card is blank. [It is noted that E. Bissinger was active in Jewish affairs].

Two-page letter written in German on May 20, 1842, from August Belmont in New York City to his brother-in-law, Stephan Feist, in London. Belmont, a prominent banker and U.S. chargé d'affaires, discusses personal matters with Feist, the husband of Belmont's sister.

This trade card advertises Mahrenholz, a boot and shoe store established in 1867. The card lists two addresses: 458 Broadway and 123 Grand, corner of Broadway, both in New York, New York. The front of the card features a black printed advertisement overlaid on a red Centennial Medal. The reverse is a full advertisement, promoting kangaroo shoes for 'tender feet.'

Billhead from B. Altman & Co., importers and manufacturers of fine costumes, ladies and children's underclothing, and general dry goods, located at 19th Street and 6th Avenue, New York, N.Y. Dated June 9, 1879. The bill is for the purchase of various items, including Greys, Ozenda, and Dresses, likely for clothing. The buyer, H. C. Glenn, paid a total of $15.06. The billhead is handwritten in elegant cursive script and displays a framed header section.

Billhead from B. Altman & Co., located at 19th Street and 6th Avenue, New York City, NY. Dated March 16, 1885. The bill lists a transaction for various goods including paper, coffee, and other unidentified items, likely fabrics or clothing, purchased by H. C. Gleason, Rutland, VT. The billhead features ornate Victorian-style lettering and a printed company header.

Invoice for pants purchased from J. Werner & Co., manufacturers of men's, youths', boys' and children's pants exclusively, located at 432 Broome Street, New York. Dated August 9, 1882. The bill lists the purchase of pants by Hower Bros. The billhead contains the business's name, address, and a brief description of their products. The printed header includes a simple decorative border.

Issue of Harper's Weekly newspaper from New York, New York, dated June 22, 1872. The issue features a report on a women's rights meeting in England, including prominent figures such as Mrs. Fawcett, Mrs. Mark Pattison, Mrs. Ernestine L. Rose, Miss Lydia E. Becker, and Miss Rhoda Garrett. The newspaper is printed in black and white, and measures approximately 9 x 11 3/4 inches.

This is the first annual report of the New York Dispensary, covering the period from its opening on December 28, 1829, to January 1831. The report details the dispensary's activities, including its work on smallpox vaccination. It lists Daniel L. M. Peixotto among the attending physicians and notes Harmon Hendricks and M. M. Noah as donors.

Broadside wanted circular for Meynhard Proler, issued in New York City on July 31, 1840. The circular details Proler's alleged crime of forgery and physical description, noting he was 'supposed to be a Dutch Jew, born in Amsterdam'. It also mentions his escape aboard the British brig Eliza Liddell to Rotterdam and potential landing in the British Channel. The broadside is in good condition with minor foxing.

A one-page letter dated November 30, 1821, from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to Edward Pollock in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, including slow trade, a pending shipment of goods, and the anticipated arrival of a ship named 'The Leader'.

A one-page letter, approximately 8-1/4" x 7-1/4", dated December 27, 1843, from David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses a business matter involving a draft for three hundred dollars and mentions future account statements. The letter has a Charleston, S.C. postmark and a manuscript "25" rate.

A three-quarter page letter, approximately 8" x 10", dated January 6, 1825, from Michael Nisbet in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses commercial matters, specifically a bonded shawl transaction with Eleazer Cohen, Nisbet's business partner. The letter includes details about outstanding debts and payment arrangements. The letter bears a "PHIL" cds postmark, a "PAID" handstamp, and a manuscript "12-1/2" rate indication.

A broadside advertisement from Cohen Brothers, dated December 1892, advertising uniforms for railroad, steamboat, and yacht employees. The broadside includes illustrations of railroad workers in various uniforms and indicates that the company had been supplying uniforms since 1880. The document shows a stamped catalog number and the company's address at 96/98/100 Catherine Street, New York City.

A three-page business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, on June 4, 1826, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City. The letter discusses the poor business climate in Richmond, Judah's financial situation, and the prospects of a merchant named Isaac. It also includes personal reflections on his workload and social commentary on the economic situation.

Issue of the New-York Tribune newspaper from January 5, 1863, reporting on President Abraham Lincoln's revocation of General Ulysses S. Grant's General Order No. 11, which expelled Jews from military districts in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Mississippi. The newspaper details the events leading to the revocation, including the appeals from Jewish citizens and the President's instructions to countermand the order.

Billhead from A. (Abraham) Rachofsky's New York Store in Central City, Colorado, dated March 13, 1891. The billhead indicates the store was established in 1869. The verso contains an endorsement. Rachofsky purchased the store from his uncle, Abraham Rittmaster, an early Jewish pioneer in Colorado. Rachofsky later became a prominent businessman in Central City.

This archival collection contains a price list folder and a check from Greenhood & Bohm, a liquor distribution firm operating in Helena, Montana, in 1889. The eight-panel price list details wines, liquors, and other beverages offered by the company. The accompanying check, dated May 2, 1889, is drawn on a Helena bank. The collection offers insight into the business practices and operations of Greenhood & Bohm, and the broader context of the liquor trade in late 19th-century Montana. The folder measures 3.5"x5.75" (folded), 14"x5.75" (unfolded), while the check measures 7.5"x3". Minor soil is present on the folder.

Issue of the New York Evening Post newspaper, published July 2, 1816, in New York, New York, featuring an obituary for Gershom Mendes Seixas, the first native-born American Jewish Rabbi.

A two-page letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on December 16, 1823. The letter details business matters, including the state of the business climate, the availability of Irish whiskey, and difficulties fulfilling customer orders.

A one and one-quarter page stampless letter written by Michael Nesbit in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on April 25, 1835. The letter details a business transaction concerning port, bottles, and cloth.

A half-page letter written by David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on September 24, 1845. The letter discusses a $503.75 demand note drawn on the Union Bank (NYC), the sale of champagne and tea, and Levy's instructions to Tobias not to send more goods due to slow business. Levy also sends regards to Tobias's brother.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Joseph L. Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City on August 18, 1846. Joseph requests that Henry purchase coils of rope, specifying dimensions, and sends regards to Henry's wife.

A one-page letter written by David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on September 4, 1840. Levy requests Tobias forward a letter to Bordeaux, France, and discusses the business of selling port wine, gin, and champagne. He also expresses condolences on the death of Tobias's daughter-in-law.

A one-page stampless letter, dated March 7, 1848, from Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia to T. I. Tobias in New York City. Minis discusses unsatisfactory sales of goods, particularly wine, explaining discrepancies in quantities and attributing them to absorption during shipment. He apologizes for the poor results and includes his current prices.

A one-page stampless letter, measuring approximately 7-5/8" x 9-1/2", dated July 12, 1825, from H. Burts, Cashier of the Hartford Bank, to Harmon Hendricks in New York City. The letter discusses the enclosure of 100 shares of United States Bank stock as payment on a note and includes a list of U.S. Bank stock holders held at the Hartford Bank, notably including Aaron L. Gomez and Seixas Nathan. The letter also mentions Henry L. Ellsworth.

A letter dated February 25, 1876, from Greenfield & Strauss, wholesale confectioners in New York City, to the Kenton Savings Bank in Kenton, Ohio. The letter contains instructions to the bank. The letter measures approximately 5 1/4" x 8 1/4".

Billhead from S. Dessau, an importer of diamonds, carbon, bortz, and precious stones. The billhead is dated April 24, 1883 and was sent to William Hunt of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The bill details a single transaction involving the purchase of a stone from S. Dessau by William Hunt. The billhead features a printed header with the business name and address, along with the company's terms of payment. The text has ornate Victorian-style lettering and is framed within a header section.

Invoice from A. Rachofsky, a New York Store in Central City, Colorado, for dry goods, fancy goods, millinery, and clothing. Dated January 2, 1890. The bill lists the purchase of several items, likely clothing or fabrics, by B. E. Seymour. It includes an itemized list, quantities, prices, and a total sum. The billhead features a decorative border and the text 'Established 1869.'

Complete May 1851 issue of *The American Phrenological Journal and Repository of Science, Literature and General Intelligence*, published by Fowler and Wells in New York, New York. This issue includes a two-page article with a portrait of Mordecai Manuel Noah, titled "Mordecai Manuel Noah, his Phrenological Character and Biography." Noah died on March 22, 1851.

Broadside issued on October 24, 1857, by Christopher R. Robert, Chairman of the Special Committee and President of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, soliciting bondholders' votes on a report (not included) aimed at relieving the company's financial difficulties. Henry Hendricks is listed as a member of the committee.

This pamphlet, a supplement to the *Whig Almanac* for 1844, provides election results, including the 1841 Florida territorial election where David Levy won by a significant margin (1954 votes to 1622). While the Florida results for the May 1844 election are not included, the pamphlet notes Levy's reelection by a large majority. Published in New York in 1844.

Trade card advertising Scholem Tumases' Pure Grape Juice and Private Restaurant at 154 Allen Street, New York City. The card is printed in English and Yiddish and features an illustration of a bearded man. It dates from circa 1890.

A one-page letter written by Raphael J. De Cordova on September 25, 1868, from New York, New York, to Mr. Lockport in Lockport, New York. De Cordova refuses a request to alter the financial terms of a lecture.

Issue of the New-York Spectator newspaper, published in New York, New York on January 28, 1820. Pages 2 & 3 include various Acts from the New York Legislature, notably "AN ACT, Directing the commissioners of the land office to survey and sell Grand Island in the Niagara river, to Mordecai M. Noah."

Calligraphic certificate created by Daniel T. Ames & Co. for the Hebrew Benevolent Orphan Asylum Society of New York City in memory of Isaac Hoffman. Signed by Myer Stern and Jesse Seligman, President, on January 23, 1879. Measures 14.5" x 19".

A commercial letter written by Solomon Gans of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to J. S. & C. Wright & Co. of New York, New York, dated October 4, 1871. The letter pertains to Gans's wholesale clothing business located at 409 Market Street, Philadelphia.

A billhead dated April 30, 1881, from Oestreicher & Meyer, manufacturers of cloth hats, caps, and children's fancy turbans, located at 153 South Fifth Avenue, New York, New York. The bill lists a series of items with quantities, prices, and a total amount of 17.30. The billhead is marked as paid with a “paid” stamp.

Invoice from Oestreicher & Meyer, manufacturers of cloth hats, caps, and children's fancy turbans, located at 164 & 166 South Fifth Ave., New York City. Dated May 31, 1888. The bill lists several items purchased by Honig & Schutter with quantities and prices, for a total of $19.70. The billhead features a printed header with business details, handwritten text, and a neat, clear format.

This catalog from Isaac Kaufmann & Brother, manufacturers of toilet, odor, and jeweled cases, picture frames, and other goods, showcases their Fall 1882 offerings. The catalog includes detailed descriptions, illustrations, and prices of their products. The business operated at 84 Duane Street in New York City, with factories at 14 & 16 Vanderwater Street and 84 Duane Street. Oppenheimer & Schlesinger served as the printers for the catalog.

Billhead from Jacob Adler & Co., manufacturers and importers of gloves. The billhead includes a lithographic image of the company's factory, located at 116, 118 & 120 West Fulton Street, Gloversville, New York. Dated August 10, 1889, the bill is likely for an order of gloves placed by Babcock & Co. of Butte, Montana. It includes an itemized list of gloves purchased, including style, quantity, and price. The billhead also features a company logo in the upper right corner, decorative details of ornate lettering.

A commercial letter from Cohen, Mack & Co., clothiers in New York City, to F. Auerbach & Bro. in Salt Lake City, Utah, dated May 5, 1875. The letter acknowledges payment of a balance due on the account of Theodore H. Auerbach and details further payments made on his behalf.

Billhead from Mayer & Loewenstein, manufacturers of varnishes and japans, dated August 5, 1874. The billhead lists an address of 80 Beckman Street, New York, NY, and indicates a salesman, Mr. Jacobson, was involved in the transaction. The billhead also mentions Edwards & Baker, and Holley, New York.

Invoice from Mayer & Loewenstein, manufacturers of varnishes and japans, located at 80 Beckman Street, New York, New York. Dated November 24, 1874. The bill lists several items purchased, including “No. 1 Coach,” “No. 1 Japan,” and “Surfacine,” likely types of varnishes or paints. The invoice was sold to Ira Edwards, of Holley, New York. The invoice is hand-written in elegant cursive script. The document has a simple, yet clear layout with a printed header and neatly organized columns for the items, quantities, prices, and totals.

Shipping record documenting the importation of one box (12 pounds) of Hyson tea from Canton, China, into the District of New York by John A. Brown & Co. on the American ship "Italy", Master: Putnam. The document, dated December 30, 1831, includes the state seal and signatures of the inspector/collector (Bogart) and M.M. Noah.

This trade card advertises Louis Tobias, a jeweler located at 166 Bowery, New York. The front of the card depicts an illustration of children playing. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Willimantic Thread, sold by J. Weinberg. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a cherubic figure, dressed in a coat and tails, soaring through the air. The cherub is depicted with a large spool of thread, suggesting speed and coverage. The text accompanying the image is a playful reference to Shakespeare's *A Midsummer Night's Dream*: "I'll put a girdle (of WILLIMANTIC THREAD) round about the Earth in forty minutes." The back of the card displays advertising for J. Weinberg's dry goods store, located at 290 Bleecker Street, New York.

This trade card is a stock card for The Demorest Emporium of Fashions in New York City. It features a color lithograph of two cherubs. The verso of the card features local retailer advertising for Bamberger & Loeb, who were dealers in hats, bonnets, feathers, flowers, silks, velvets, ribbons, neckties, ruches, collars, cuffs, laces, crepe, crepe veils, hosiery, corsets, bustles, gloves, underwear, embroidery, fringes, ladies' coats, and linen dresses. The back of the card advertises their location: 26 and 28 North Queen Street, Lancaster, PA.

Business letter dated October 10, 1871, from J. Lowman & Brother, located at the northeast corner of Pearl and Race Streets in Cincinnati, Ohio, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. in New York, New York. The letter pertains to business dealings between the two companies.

This is an eight-page congressional report from January 11, 1796, detailing the petitions of several importers, including Moses Myers, seeking remission of duties. The report, prepared by the U.S. House Committee on Commerce and Manufactures, was presented to the House and referred to a committee of the whole. The document quotes Moses Myers regarding his business activities in Norfolk, Virginia. Printed by Francis Childs in Philadelphia.

This eight-page pamphlet, published anonymously in New York City on November 29, 1858, defends the Catholic Church's actions in the Edgardo Mortara case. The pamphlet, inscribed "With the compliments of 'Fair Play'" argues for the "liberty of a child of being a Christian and not forced compulsorily to be a Jew." It portrays the Pope's intervention as a "grandest moral spectacle." The case involved Edgardo Mortara, a Jewish boy baptized by his Catholic nanny, who was subsequently taken from his family by Papal authorities to be raised Catholic. The pamphlet represents a contemporary perspective on a highly controversial event that fueled anti-Catholic and antisemitic sentiments in the United States and Europe.

This trade card advertises Read's Grand Dutchess Cologne. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a young girl with long hair. The back of the card contains the advertisement for Read's Cologne and is stamped by the Cohen Brothers, indicating their role as agents selling the product. The back also lists their address: 289 Sixth Avenue, New York. The card shows minor edge wear and some paper/glue marks on the verso.

This trade card advertises George Cohen, a tailor and clothier located at 369 Eighth Avenue in New York City. The front of the card features a comical illustration of a man lying in a hammock with his hat on his head. The scene is in a shaded, lush forest setting. Behind him is a large tree. The text includes a small price list. The verso is blank.

Billhead from the millinery firm of J. Rothschild, with addresses at 56 & 58 West 14th Street, New York, and 26 Rue D'Enghien, Paris. The billhead also mentions offices or stores in Philadelphia, Boston, and Brooklyn. Dated June 27, 1882.

A collection of twelve miniature carte-de-visite photographs by Dr. Max Louis Rossvally, published by W. W. Hoyt in New York, circa 1879. The photographs depict various Jewish customs, including holding a lulav, kaparot, and blowing a shofar. Eleven photographs are portraits, and one depicts the "Shma Israel" blessing.

One-page, stampless letter concerning legal matters from Joseph Jacobs of the firm Jacob Levi & Jacobs in New York City to Henry Myer Phillips in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated March 6, 1855.

This pamphlet contains the text of a sermon delivered by Rabbi Morris J. Raphall at Congregation B'nai Jeshurun in New York City on January 4, 1861, the day President Buchanan proclaimed a National Fast. In this highly publicized sermon, Raphall argued that the Bible did not prohibit slavery and defended the institution, drawing both praise from the South and criticism from abolitionists in the North. Published by Rudd & Carleton, New York, 1861.

A business letter dated October 14, 1871, from Seliger & Newman, located at 18 Hanover Street, Baltimore, Maryland, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. in New York, New York. The letter includes a check.

This trade card advertises Samuel Cohn's fine shoes. The front of the card depicts a charming illustration of a boy pushing a shoe-shaped sled, likely meant to evoke a sense of childhood and playfulness, associating the shoes with joy and ease. The image style suggests it dates from the late 19th century. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for Samuel Cohn's business, including the address: 281 Grand St., NYC.

Issue of the *Morning Courier and New-York Enquirer* newspaper from January 28, 1834, published in New York, New York. This issue contains a 10" column on page 2 detailing the proceedings of the Board of Alderman, including a report on the presentation of a Thomas Jefferson statue to the Common Council by Lieutenant Uriah Phillips Levy of the U.S. Navy.

Citizenship/Naturalization Certificate for Jacob Unger, issued in New York, New York on September 20, 1847. The document includes seals.

This trade card advertises S. Brill & Co., clothiers located at 327 Canal Street, New York. The card has a simple design with black text on a white background. The name of the business is centered at the top of the card, followed by the address. The back of the card is blank.

Envelope addressed to B. E. Jones in Buffalo, Kansas, postmarked May 25, 1891. The envelope was sent from either New York, NY or Kansas City, MO. The recipient's marriage was announced in a Jewish newspaper.

An invoice from Hyneman & Schmidt, Art Publishers and Importers, located at 19 East 14th Street, New York City. The bill, dated December 1, 1884, shows a purchase of 2,000 items (likely prints or other art materials) by George W. Witbeck of Nassau, New York. The bill shows two items, priced at $15 each, for a total of $30. The billhead has a printed header, contains ornate lettering, and includes details of the business address and transaction.

This collection comprises 24 billheads from J. Hyman & Son, importers and manufacturers of pictures, paper, and cards, and dancing order novelties. The billheads were issued between 1886 and 1889 in New York, New York and Nassau, New York. The billheads list the business's address as 25 Beekman Street, New York. The recipient on each billhead is George W. Witbeck.

This collection comprises twenty-one billheads, dating from 1881 to 1885. The majority of the billheads are from J. Hyman & Son, importers and manufacturers of pictures, paper, cards, and dancing order novelties, located at 25 Beekman Street, New York City. Additional billheads are from Morgenstern, P. and Kaufmann & Co., also operating in New York City, and one from Nassau, New York. The billheads represent business records from various firms during the period.

Billheads -group of 8 dating 1882-1885,,,,,,,;S. F. Myers...Jeweler.... 48 & 50 MAIDEN LANE 33 & 35 LIBERTY STREET; GREAT GRAPHICS;

This collection comprises fourteen billheads from the firms P. Morgenstern and J. Hyman & Son, issued between December 1883 and December 1887. The billheads were used by these businesses for various transactions and are addressed to George W. Witbeck, primarily in Nassau and New York City, New York. The Morgenstern billheads list their address as 70 Duane Street, New York City.

This trade card advertises B. Altman & Co., a department store in New York City, specializing in ladies' suits. It depicts a woman in a dress, possibly meant to represent a fashionable style offered by the store. The card features the address 19th St. & 6th Ave., NYC. The back of the card is blank.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) photograph of composer Louis Moreau Gottschalk. The photograph, on a pinkish mount, is marked as taken by Charles D. Fredricks, 587 Broadway, New York. It is circa 1860s.

Trade card advertising M. W. Carr & Co. as the sole manufacturers and selling agents for Bornstein's Improved Patent Pin Hooks. The card includes an actual pin hook. Circa 1885. Issued in Boston and New York, United States.

Billhead from Spelman Brothers, importers of fancy goods, notions, and trimmings, located at 355 & 357 Broadway, New York, NY. Dated March 13, 1883. The bill lists the purchase of various items (e.g. “Paper,” “Telephone Paper,” “Telegraph” “Cigarette”, “Dutch Boards” ) by George W. Witbeck of Nassau, NY. The billhead has a printed header, ornate lettering, and clear details of the business address and transaction. The handwritten transaction details are not legible.

Billhead from Spelman Brothers, a fancy goods, notions, and trimmings business located at 355 & 357 Broadway, New York, New York. The billhead is dated March 27, 1885, and was sent to George W. Witbeck in Nassau, New York. The billhead indicates a statement to a bank.

Commercial letter sent from New York to L. A. Levy Jr. in New Orleans, Louisiana on April 4, 1842. The letter expresses dissatisfaction or unhappiness, the exact nature of which is not specified in the available metadata.

Commercial letter from J. D. Phillips in New York, New York to L. A. Levy Jr. in New Orleans, Louisiana, dated April 7, 1842. The letter expresses dissatisfaction, details available in the full letter.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Richmond, Virginia on December 25, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Jacob Levy in New Orleans, Louisiana on November 13, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York to Jas. I. Poole in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 17, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, Philadelphia.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York to A. Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina, on September 9, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Charleston, South Carolina on October 13, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Commercial letter from M. I. Tobias & Co. in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York, dated June 18, 1844. The letter pertains to business matters.

One-page commercial letter written by George Washington Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his uncle, T.I. Tobias, in New York, New York, on November 24, 1837. The letter discusses a billing error.

A stampless, one-quarter page commercial letter written by Dickson & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 6, 1846, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York. The letter pertains to commercial items.

Check dated July 24, 1845, issued by the Paris branch of the New York branch of Rothschild Bros. to R. G. Talcott. The check is signed by August Belmont. August Belmont, Sr. (1813-1890) was the American representative of the Rothschild family's banking house.

Invoice from Lewis I. Cohen, an importer of English & French stationery, located at 133 William Street, New York. Dated May 25, 1848. The bill lists various items, including paper, envelopes, folders, and boxes, likely purchased by Dunnie & Peck. The bill includes an itemized list of the transaction, quantities, and prices. The billhead features a company logo of an Eagle perched on an Ace of Spades with thirteen shining stars, ornate Victorian-style lettering and a printed header.