Subject: Racism against Asians

This trade card advertises the Allegheny Central Store. The front of the card features an illustration of a woman dressed in traditional Japanese clothing. She is depicted standing with one hand on her hip, with a kimono and obi. Her hair is styled in a traditional bun. The image has a black border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Altman & Co., clothiers located at the corner of Seneca and Ellicott Streets in Buffalo, New York. The front of the card depicts a child holding a Japanese umbrella. The back of the card contains a full advertisement for the business. The image on the front of the card appears to be part of a stereotypical representation of Japanese culture.

This trade card advertises C. I. Baumgartner, a dry goods store with locations in both Lambertville and Trenton, New Jersey. The front of the card features a woman in a Japanese-style dress. The illustration is likely intended to evoke an exotic or fashionable image associated with imported goods, a common marketing strategy in the late 19th century. The back of the card has additional details and locations for the store.

This trade card advertises Diamond Bros. in San Bernardino, California. The card features a stylized illustration of a young boy wearing a Chinese-style hat and costume. The boy is playing with a squirrel. The card is printed on textured paper and features a red, blue, and yellow color scheme. The front of the card is primarily a color image, and the business details are on the back.

This trade card advertises the business of Edwin C. Burt, a clothier and merchant tailor located at 81 N. Eutaw Street, Baltimore. The card features an illustration of a peacock and a Chinese lady in blue and sepia with gold accents. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business. [Levi Weinberger is mentioned in association with this business].

This trade card advertises H. Muhr's Sons, jewelers located at 633 & 635 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The front of the card features a woman in Chinese attire standing in front of a depiction of Chinese currency. The back of the card includes an advertisement. [H. Muhr's Sons was a prominent jewelry store in Philadelphia, known for their fine selection of jewelry and watches.]

This trade card, featuring a Japanese motif on the front, advertises Harry Frank's Ticket Office, located at 523 Broadway, New York. [The card identifies Ben Wasserman as the manager]. The back of the card provides further information about the business.

This trade card advertises Ink & Moser, clothiers located at 176 Main Street, Somerville, New Jersey. The front of the card features an illustration of a child in traditional Japanese clothing, which could be seen as a racist stereotype. The card has a decorative border with a gold-colored design.

This trade card advertises Julius Stone, a clothier located at 131 Main Street, Danbury, Connecticut. The front of the card features an illustration of two women in Japanese costumes. The back of the card is a full advertisement for the store.

This trade card advertises Kaufmann & Strauss, Art Publishers, located at 75 and 77 Duane Street, New York. The front of the card features a die-cut design with birds and a woman in a Japanese dress. The back of the card displays a full advertisement for this type of trade card, which is priced at $20 per 1,000. The card's use of a Japanese woman in a stereotyped pose could be considered racist.

This trade card advertises the clothing business of Morris Gross, located at 336 & 338 River Street, Troy, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of a Japanese girl with a fan, wearing a blue dress. The image is colorful, with a yellow and red hair piece. The back of the card, which is not visible in the scan, is likely to have more information about the business, as the front of the card only lists the address.

This trade card advertises the clothing business of Morris Gross, located at 336 & 338 River Street and 13.15 17 Fourth Street, Troy, New York. The card features a depiction of a Japanese woman in a green dress with a fan. Her hair is styled with a white and red hair piece. This trade card is one of a two-part series.

This trade card advertises N. A. Moses & Co., an importer and wholesale dealer located at 43 Tremont Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The card's front features an illustration of a young child, possibly a baby, wearing Chinese clothing and playing with toy trucks. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card for P. Fleischner & Co., located at 1026 Chestnut Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, features a Japanese-style print. This is one of five cards in a set depicting Japanese scenes or imagery. The front of the card displays a Japanese print scene with a a central figure in the print is a young woman holding a fan and wearing a traditional Japanese kimono. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises P. Fleischner & Co., importers of art. The card shows a Japanese print with a floral design, a red background, and a gold frame. The back of the card has been left blank. This card is part of a set of four trade cards featuring Japanese prints. The card lists the company's address at 1026 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

This trade card is one of a three-card set, advertising P. Fleischner & Co., located at 1026 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Each card features a different Japanese print, featuring a variety of colorful scenes and figures. The card shown here portrays a group of figures gathered on a hillside overlooking a landscape. The back of the card is blank.

This is one of five trade cards featuring Japanese prints. The card advertises P. Fleischner & Co. located at 1026 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The front of the card features a reproduction of a Japanese woodcut print depicting a man and woman in a landscape setting. The card has a red border and is printed in black and white. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises P. Fleischner & Co., a retailer of Japanese goods located at 1026 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. The card is one of five featuring Japanese woodblock prints. The image is a woodblock print featuring a Japanese woman dressed in kimono standing in a garden, with a mountain in the background. The card has a red border. The back is blank.

This trade card, from P. Ostheim & Son, clothiers, is located at 1102-1104 Germantown Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The front of the card features a woman in an oriental dress that is based on a stereotype of women of Asian descent. This stereotyped figure is meant to attract customers and potentially promote the image of the store as a supplier of fashionable or exotic clothing. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises R. Ballerstein & Co. located at 360 Main Street in Hartford, Connecticut. The card is a vibrant green and features a striking illustration of an Asian woman dressed in traditional clothing. She stands in a garden setting, surrounded by lush greenery and flowers. The image is likely meant to evoke a sense of exoticism and beauty, typical of late 19th-century representations of Asian cultures. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card for Julius Stone, located at 131 Main Street, Danbury, Connecticut. The card depicts a man and a woman in Japanese costumes. The reverse side features a full advertisement. Circa 1885.

Trade card advertising Morris Cohn's Globe Shirt business in Addison, New York. The card features racist imagery depicting Chinese individuals. Circa 1885.

This trade card for Rosenbloom Brothers, clothiers, features a woman depicted in stereotypical Japanese garb. She is wearing a red kimono-style dress. The illustration style is characteristic of late 19th-century printmaking. The image is presented without any additional text or business information on the front of the card. The back of the card is blank. The subject matter reflects the prevalent stereotypes and cultural misunderstandings of the era, and the trade card itself functions as a visual representation of that context. Note that the depiction of the woman in stereotypical Japanese garb is problematic and reflects biases of the time.