Subject: Jews--United States

This broadside, dated July 12, 1813, is a U.S. stampless cover postmarked with a Baltimore, Maryland circular date cancel and a "FREE" rate marking. It contains a printed list for the 57th day's drawing of the Medical College Lottery. The lottery was operated by Jacob I. Cohen, Jr., and sent to Samuel Hannah, Postmaster of Rough Creek Church, Virginia. The broadside shows some wear and toning.

This 63-page book, published in 1913 under the auspices of the Connecticut Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), serves as a guide for Jewish immigrants to the United States. It is a nearly literal translation of the second Yiddish edition and includes a large map of the USA in both Yiddish and English, as well as photographs. The book aims to assist Jewish immigrants in navigating their new lives in America.

This document is an abstract of licenses granted to individuals to engage in trade within Indian Country. It was compiled during the 18th Congress, 2nd Session, on January 17, 1825. Notably, all listed names appear to be Jewish. Further research may be needed to fully contextualize this record. The document is located in Arc.MS.56, Box 9.

Newspaper advertisement by Solomon Etting published in the *Federal Gazette and Baltimore Daily Advertiser* on September 5, 1817. The advertisement is found in Arc.MS.56, Volume E, Page 28. The advertisement's content is unknown, but given the subject tag of 'Religious' it is likely related to religious matters.

Newspaper advertisement from the *New York Journal and Patriotic Register*, March 31, 1792, featuring two ads for auction services. One ad is in English, and the other is in French. The advertisement was placed by a well-known merchant involved in a commercial dispute with Thomas Jefferson. A second advertisement promotes books and stationery, mentioning the advertiser as the first Jewish book dealer in the USA. The advertisement is found on page 4, column 2.

Newspaper advertisement from the *New York Journal and Patriotic Register*, April 25, 1792, advertising books and stationery sold by Benjamin Gomez, described as the "1st Jewish Book Dealer in the USA." The advertisement is located on page 4, column 4. The advertisement is from a newspaper published in New York, New York.

Blotter advertisement for hot and cold salt water baths, printed in English and Yiddish. The advertisement depicts a man and a woman bathing and mentions prices (women and small boys 10 cents). It is estimated to be from circa 1890 and originates from New York City.

Newspaper advertisement from the *General Advertiser*, published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 28, 1797. The advertisement mentions Patrick Rice, a Jewish clerk for David Frank, and notes that by 1800 Rice was High Sheriff of Philadelphia. The advertisement also mentions Israel.

Newspaper from Baltimore, Maryland, February 3, 1800. This issue includes an article about Mordecai, described as the first Jew in Allentown, Pennsylvania. The newspaper contains commercial advertisements and other news items.

Issue of the *American and Daily Advertiser* newspaper published in Baltimore, Maryland on February 5, 1800. This issue contains an article about Mordecai, described as the first Jew in Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Newspaper clipping from the *American and Daily Advertiser*, published in Baltimore, Maryland on January 29, 1800. The clipping focuses on an article titled "THE FIRST JEW IN ALLENTOWN, PA." and mentions Mordecai. Page 1 of the newspaper is referenced. The article likely discusses the early history of Jewish settlement in Allentown, Pennsylvania, and the individual Mordecai's role within that community.

Issue of the American and Mercantile Daily Advertiser newspaper from Baltimore, Maryland, dated January 27, 1800. This issue contains an article mentioning Mordecai, the first Jew in Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Four-page (8 ½ x 14 inches) pamphlet announcing the annual meeting of the Mutual Benefit Co. of Penna. in Philadelphia on May 22, 1876. The pamphlet includes a financial report for 1875-1876, and printed signatures of David Teller (President), S. Thalheimer, S. Pfaelzer, and Alex Reinstine (Secretary). According to Morais's *The Jews of Philadelphia* (1894), the company, chartered in 1871, was largely controlled by members of the Hebrew faith, with Simon W. Arnold serving as its first president. Biographic sketches of three individuals are also included.

Annual report of the Hebrew Women's Aid Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated May 11, 1864. The report details the society's finances and donations to the United States Sanitary Commission during the Civil War. It was compiled by Rebecca Moss.

Full-page black and white cartoon from the January 1, 1912 issue of *Life* magazine. The cartoon, titled "History as it Might Have Been," depicts a scene at the Cohenhurst Manor Hotel and is overtly antisemitic.

A full-page black and white antisemitic cartoon from December 9, 1897, depicting the "Hebraization of the American Drama." The cartoon suggests that Jewish people have a significant influence on American theater. The image is from a newspaper. Further details can be found by looking at almost any New York theater.

This archival item consists of a newspaper clipping from the April 6, 1822, edition of the *Providence Patriot*. The clipping reprints a death notice for Jacob Lopez from the *Newport Republican*, describing him as the nephew of Aaron Lopez and offering glowing remarks. The notice mentions Jacob's brother, still living at the time, and identifies Jacob as the son of Abraham Lopez, one of the last Jews in Newport, Rhode Island.

Two-page autograph letter signed "G. A. Myers" and addressed to John A. Washington III. Written in Richmond, Virginia, on May 28, 1858, the letter discusses various matters, including a check, a visit from Mr. Giles and Willie, a present, and barrels that arrived in perfect order. Myers expresses regrets that Willie could not accept an invitation. The letter mentions Mount Vernon and the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, founded by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The letter is in fine condition with dark writing and faint folds.

A one-page quarto autograph letter signed by John Claiborne, dated December 23, 1861, addressed to General Daniel Ruggles. Claiborne discusses a request for a staff appointment, referencing a letter from Judah P. Benjamin who declines to provide an appointment without a commanding officer's recommendation. The letter reflects the context of the American Civil War.

Autograph letter signed by Marx Edgeworth Lazarus (1822-1896), written in Baltimore, Maryland on December 1, 1847, to Dr. Charles Willing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The four-page letter discusses Lazarus's experiences as the first Jewish student at Georgetown University, his involvement in a farm school and utopian socialist commune in Maryland, and his thoughts on religion and society. It also mentions his friends Truxton and Edward Beale, with details about Edward's exploits in the Mexican-American War in California.

Autograph letter signed by David Levy Yulee, written on February 22, 1853, from Homosassa, Florida, to President Franklin Pierce. Yulee recommends his acquaintance, James F. Pierce, for the position of Purser in the US Navy. The letter is addressed to "To the President." The letter is two pages long, with an integral blank leaf, folded to reveal the address panel.

Autograph letter signed by Moses Michael Hays, addressed to Michael Gratz. Dated January 20, 1768. Hays discusses business matters, specifically the sale of sugar and leather, and mentions drawing a bill of exchange for $500. The letter is written on one page, with the address panel on the verso showing a New York postmark and bishop's mark. The letter's content reflects Hays's mercantile activities. In 1775, Hays famously refused to sign a declaration of loyalty to the American colonies due to a phrase about Christian faith, demonstrating his commitment to the principle of equality for all men. He later signed a revised version without the religious clause.

Autograph letter signed by Oscar S. Straus, the first Jewish member of a U.S. presidential cabinet, to Isidor Lewi, dated September 12, 1893. Written on "United States Hotel" stationery, the letter expresses gratitude for Lewi's editorial clippings and promises to seek opportunities for Lewi. The letter shows signs of expected folds and a small tear affecting one word, but remains in very good condition. It is one page and measures 5.75" x 9". The letter was written from Saratoga Springs, New York.

Autograph letter signed by Solomon Etting to Hyman Gratz, dated March 31, 1825, from Baltimore, Maryland. Etting discusses the disbursement of funds intended for Solomon De Castro's passage to Curaçao. He details De Castro's change of plans and ultimate receipt of a smaller sum for passage to Virginia. The letter also includes a Passover greeting. Two pages. Autograph address panel on integral blank.

An autographed NASA publicity photograph of Judith Resnik, a mission specialist on the Space Shuttle Challenger. Resnik was recruited into the astronaut program in January 1978 by actress Nichelle Nichols. Resnik's first space flight was aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery from August to September 1984. She was a mission specialist aboard Challenger for STS-51-L. Resnik was the first American Jewish astronaut to go into space and the first Jewish woman in space.

Stock certificate for 100 shares in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, issued to Israel Cohen on March 29, 1852. This certificate reflects Cohen's extensive stock brokerage business in Baltimore. The certificate includes information about Cohen's involvement with the Second Baltimore Stock Board, the Pittsburg and Connellville Railway, and his role as a founder of the Maryland Academy of Art and the Academy of Music.

Stock certificate for 100 shares of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, issued to Israel Cohen on January 19, 1849. This document provides evidence of Cohen's extensive stock brokerage business in Baltimore.

A filled and signed baptismal certificate in Hebrew (Yiddish), created on a printed form and completed with watercolors. The certificate is notable for being penned by Martin Wetzler, a Jewish scrivener, a rarity in the Lehigh Valley at the time. Wetzler, known as the "Jewish Dindamann" (penman) by Pennsylvania Germans, was proficient in Hebrew, German, and English, sometimes adding a Star of David and signing in Hebrew to these Christian certificates. This certificate was issued on December 25, 1864, in Bucks County, Pennsylvania.

Partially printed bill of sale, 8 x 13.25 inches, Charleston, South Carolina, March 4, 1847. Documents the sale of an enslaved woman named Chloe by Solomon Davis to Mary Kennedy for $430.00. The verso records the subsequent sale of Chloe by Kennedy to Henry Willis for $275.00 on September 1, 1847, with Thomas W. Mordecai witnessing the transaction as an officer of the court. This bill of sale highlights the involvement of Jewish slave traders in the American South.

Billhead and envelope from the retail department of Oberndorf & Ullman, located at 1000 & 1002 Broad Street, Selma, Alabama. The date on the materials is June 23, 1892. The description notes numerous Oberndorfs buried in the Selma Hebrew Cemetery starting in 1845.

Printed billhead for a four and a half day stay at the Fabyan House in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. The bill is made out to Simon Muhr and Mayer Sulzberger and dated September 8, 1879. The billhead reveals the presence of Jewish guests at the Fabyan House, which was unusual for the time.

Billhead from Augustus Pollack's business in Wheeling, West Virginia, dated June 22, 1889. The billhead includes biographical information about Pollack, noting his marriage to Rosalie Weinberg in 1855, his civic contributions (including the use of his building by the government during the Civil War), and his role as a leading citizen and friend of labor. The description also mentions the presence of a statue in his honor in Wheeling.

Billhead from Buckingham & Hecht, manufacturers and wholesalers of boots, shoes, leather, and shoe findings, sold to A. Cohen & Co. on June 15, 1870. The billhead lists the factory location at the Northwest corner of Haight and Gough Streets and the office and salesrooms at the Northwest corner of Battery and Halleck Streets, San Francisco, California. The billhead includes biographical information about Marcus Hecht, a partner in the firm, detailing his family history, career progression, involvement in various San Francisco businesses, and civic and political activities.

Billhead from Charles Ilfeld, a well-known early Jewish pioneer in New Mexico, located in Las Vegas, New Mexico. The billhead is dated March 2, 1886. The item is part of the E collection and is housed in Arc.MS.56, Box 14, Folder 8.

Billhead from the firm of Daltroff, Sparks & Oliver, General Merchandise, located in Wynne, Arkansas. The billhead is dated April 18, 1887. Shields Daltroff, an early Jewish settler in Wynne, Arkansas, is associated with this business. He relocated to Wynne from Wittsburg to help build the town. He initially clerked at D. Block and Company before acquiring the firm and renaming it Daltroff, Sparks, and Oliver. He subsequently moved the store to Wynne and served as a justice of the peace.

Billhead from Emil Calman, Varnish and Japan manufacturer, located at 297 Pearl Street, New York. The billhead is dated February 6, 1864. Emil Calman was active in Jewish affairs.

Billhead from L. Weiskopf, located at 325 King Street, Charleston, South Carolina. The billhead, dated February 19, 1875, details a sale of lamp oil. L. Weiskopf is mentioned in Jewish marriage notices.

Billhead from Morris Gross located at 10 & 12 Third Streets, Troy, New York, dated March 1, 1878. The billhead notes that a brother is no longer listed with the business and that Gross was active in Jewish affairs.

Billhead of N. L. Ransohoff, one of the earliest Jewish settlers in the Utah Territory. The billhead is dated March 3, 1868, and indicates that Ransohoff was a dealer in furs. Located in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Billhead from Olcovich Bros., located at 418 Sacramento Street, below Sansome Street, San Francisco, California. The billhead is dated August 4, 1869, and includes a revenue stamp. Olcovich Bros. was a prominent pioneer Jewish family in Nevada.

Billhead from November 5, 1886, issued by Olcovich Brothers, importers in San Francisco, California, to Rosenberg Brothers in Nevada City, California. The billhead features an illustration of a sailing ship. The Olcovich brothers, Hyman, Joseph, Herman, and Benjamin, immigrated to Carson City, Nevada from Prussia in the early 1860s and established a successful dry goods business. They later expanded into other ventures, including a saloon, drug store, jewelry store, and a Chinese wash house. Isaac and Selig Olcovich, sons of Hyman Olcovich, published the semi-weekly newspaper *The Sun* from June 1889 to July 1891.

Billhead from Simon Mayer's business in Natchez, Mississippi, dated June 8, 1867. The billhead features Mayer's name and address: MAIN STREET, Natchez, Mississippi. Simon Mayer (1839-1905) was a Confederate soldier, known as "Little Mississippi Major", who served in various Mississippi regiments. Born in New Orleans, he was the son of John and Jannette Mayer, who moved to Natchez in 1841 and established a shoe store. Prior to his military service, Mayer was an apprentice shoemaker in Paris.

Billhead from the New York Store Mercantile Company in Central City, Colorado, dated August 18, 1900. Abraham Rachofsky purchased this store from his uncle, Abraham Rittmaster, an early Jewish pioneer in Colorado. Rachofsky later became a prominent businessman in Central City. The store itself was established in 1869. J. L. Rachofsky is listed as president, A. (Abraham) Rachofsky as treasurer, and D. L. Rachofsky as secretary.

Billhead from the Pioneer Cigar Store owned by the Wasserman brothers in Portland, Oregon, dated August 5, 1864. The Wasserman brothers were among the earliest Jewish settlers in Portland. This billhead is a manuscript/mixed material item.

Billhead from the Wormser Glass Company in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, dated July 2, 1898. The billhead mentions "Green, Flint & Amber Bottles" and indicates the company's location at Laughlin Station, B&O RR. This billhead was part of a collection related to the Jewish glass manufacturing family, the Wormsers. William Frank and his brother-in-law Ephraim Wormser established a glassworks in 1858 on a three-acre plot along the Monongahela River waterfront and were prominent figures in the Jewish community.

Birth certificate for a child of Jacob Crefsmans and wife Maren Morgarethe, filled in and signed in Hebrew (Yiddish) by Martin Wetzler. The document, printed in German, also includes a note indicating a marriage on October 28th, 1849. The document features a Jewish star and is written in Hebrew, German, and English.

Bookplate of Mayer Sulzberger (1843-1923), a prominent communal leader in Philadelphia. The bookplate features his name. Sulzberger was the first practicing Jew elected as a judge in Philadelphia and a student in the office of Moses Dropsie. Circa 1880.

Newspaper clipping from the Boston Recorder, published in Boston, Massachusetts on February 8, 1820. The article discusses a pamphlet proposing a plan to settle Jews in the United States, possibly referencing Mordecai Manuel Noah's Ararat scheme, although not explicitly named. The article comments on the ideals of the plan and suggests the Southern borders of the Great Lakes as a suitable location due to the canals and commerce.

Bounty certificate for $300, issued to Isaac Weinberg in New York, New York on March 9, 1864. Weinberg is listed as a clerk and was born in Russia. The certificate is a printed form with handwritten details.

Brass plate that was soldered to a milk can for identification. The name, "EAST END DAIRY CO. SAM SEGAL," is hammered into the plate, which is shaped like a Jewish star. The artifact originates from New York, New York, and is dated circa 1890s.

A broadside advertising Jacob Epstein's book "The Spirit of the Ghetto," published by Funk & Wagnalls in New York, New York, circa 1900. The broadside features images related to the book's subject matter, depicting the people and life of the Jewish quarter on New York City's Lower East Side. The price is listed as $1.35.

Broadside advertisement for the Classical and English Academy, established by Isaac Harby in New York City, dated May 20, 1828. The broadside details the curriculum and costs associated with the academy. It includes the signatures of Isaac Harby, Hannah Isaacs, Grace Isaacs, and Montague Hendricks.

Handbill announcing the opening of a new store for men's and boys' clothing by Jacob Levy in Easton, Pennsylvania, circa 1870. The broadside features details about the store's offerings and location.

A broadside advertising an election for mayor in San Francisco, California, circa 1892. The broadside features Adolph Sutro, who was a candidate. It was displayed at the Library of Congress exhibit in Cincinnati in 2005.

Broadside announcing the notary public services of Joseph B. Nones in New York and Iowa City. Dated August 5, 1857, the broadside lists 37 states, Canada, British Indies, and French possessions where Nones is a commissioned Notary Public, indicating his authority to issue passports, protections, and other legal documents. It also includes his New York City office and residence addresses. This document is attached to a letter requesting a commission renewal.

Cabinet card photograph of Isaac and Carrie Langfeld, taken in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 5, 1893. The photograph is part of a presentation folder commemorating their 50th wedding anniversary and includes a connection to Mikveh Israel.

A cabinet card photograph of Solomon Stein, taken in New York, New York on October 3, 1907. The photograph appears to be a police mug shot, noting that Stein was arrested for burglary. Additional information indicates he was born in Russia and used the alias "Nigger".

Cabinet card photograph depicting three boys, each wearing a yarmulke. The photograph is circa 1885 and bears the photographer's imprint from Beatrice, Nebraska. An inscription on the back identifies the subjects as "Fred Baumfalk(?) sitting down, Morton Baumfalk and Dick, my father's cousins." The photograph shows some discoloration.

Cabinet photograph taken by Louis Heller circa 1880s. The photograph's verso is marked "Louis Heller Photographer, Fort Jones, Siskiyou Co California." Heller (1839-1928), a Jewish photographer born in Germany, immigrated to the United States and worked in New York City before settling in Northern California around 1862. He was known for his photographs of the Modoc War. This image is from the collection of Judaica Americana.

Cabinet photograph depicting a well-dressed Jewish man wearing a skullcap, seated in a chair and holding a piece of paper. The image was taken at the Newman Photographic Art Studio, located at 13 Avenue A, New York City. The photograph is undated, but is estimated to be circa 1885.

Cabinet photograph of Adolph Klauber Jr., taken by Star Gallery in St. Louis, Missouri, circa 1885. The photograph is from the collection of Judaica Americana. Adolph Klauber Jr. was the son of Adolph Klauber Sr. and nephew of E. Klauber, who moved to Louisville, Kentucky in 1853. Adolph Klauber Jr. is buried in The Temple Cemetery. He was a trustee of Cong. Adath Israel for over five decades. This should not be confused with the theatrical producer Adolph Klauber of Louisville, KY. Adolph Klauber (1879-1933) was an American drama critic and theatrical producer born in Louisville, Kentucky to Edward and Caroline Brahms Klauber. He worked for the New York Commercial Advertiser, New York Tribune, and the New York Times as a drama critic. He married actress and playwright Jane Cowl and worked with Archibald and Edgar Selwyn of Goldwyn Pictures.

Cabinet photograph of Adolph Klauber Sr. (1826-1891), taken by Voorhees in St. Louis, Missouri, circa 1885. Klauber is buried in the New Mount Sinai Cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri. The photograph's description notes that he was the brother of E. Klauber, who moved to Louisville, Kentucky in 1853, and that Adolph served as a trustee of Congregation Adath Israel for over five decades.

Cabinet photograph of Albert Jacob Cardozo (1828-1885), the first Jewish judge elected to the Supreme Court of New York. The photograph is undated, but given Cardozo's tenure on the court (1864-1872) and his death in 1885, it likely dates from sometime between those years. The image shows Cardozo in formal attire.

Cabinet photograph of Arthur Levy, a cadet at the Staunton Military Academy in Staunton, Virginia. The photograph is dated circa 1885. The reverse of the photograph bears the inscription "Respectfully yours, Arthur Levy". Benjamin Ami Blakemore, active 1872-1932, is the photographer. Arthur Levy is likely the son of Ezekiel Jacob Levy (1833-1908), a captain in the Confederacy and a member of a Richmond, Virginia Jewish family.

Cabinet photograph of the Fairplay Baseball Club in Fairplay, Colorado, circa 1890s. The photograph shows a bust view of the team in uniform, featuring Louis Cohen as catcher and Celsius Link as pitcher. Louis Cohen was the son of Samuel Cohen, a successful Jewish proprietor of a general store in Fairplay.

A hand-done calligraphic memorial broadside created by the Harvard Lodge No. 9, United Sons of Israel, on July 23, 1918. The broadside features the American and Israeli flags, an eagle, and a photograph of uniformed members. It describes a battle and is signed by lodge officers. The broadside includes a seal of Harvard. It was displayed at the Library of Congress Exhibit in Cincinnati (AJA) in 2005.

Eight-page newspaper, *Campaign Dial*, published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 26, 1864. Published by S.E. Cohen, the newspaper strongly endorses Abraham Lincoln for President and Andrew Johnson for Vice-President. The newspaper reflects pro-Lincoln sentiment during the 1864 presidential election and highlights the publisher's stance against slavery.

Carte de visite (CDV) photographic portrait of Samuel Kahn, performing under the stage name "Major Atom," taken by A. Bogardus in New York City circa 1870s. The photograph depicts Kahn standing on a desk, holding a cane, and wearing a suit. The image includes a caption identifying him as "Major Atom, aged 10 years, weight 15 lbs." and the publisher's imprint.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) photograph of a man in Odd Fellows regalia, taken by Edward Abraham Kusel in Oroville, California, during the 1870s. The photographer, Edward Abraham Kusel, was an active member of the Odd Fellows. The photograph's reverse side is inscribed: 'E. A. Kusel, Montgomery St., Oroville.' Kusel was a pioneer Jewish settler in northern California's gold country, known for his contributions as a merchant, photographer, and community leader. He imported one of the first sewing machines into California and was instrumental in developing scientifically-based photography methods.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) photograph of Jacob Liebman, father of L. Liebman. The photograph was likely taken in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, circa 1860. This item is from the collection of Judaica Americana.

Carte-de-visite photograph of A. E. Hessig, taken by Edward Abraham Kusel in Oroville, California, circa 1865-1870. The photograph features a revenue stamp on the back. Kusel was a pioneering Jewish photographer and merchant in northern California.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) portrait photograph of Colonel Marcus M. Spiegel, 120th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The photograph, taken circa 1861-1864 by Friedlander & Horwitz of New York City, shows Spiegel in his Union Army uniform. The CDV is signed. Spiegel, a German Jewish immigrant, served in the Civil War and was killed in action in Louisiana in 1864.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) portrait photograph of Mrs. Goldman. The verso of the card features an advertisement for F. Gutekunst, located at 712 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The photograph is undated, but based on Gutekunst's career, it is likely from between 1860 and 1917. Mrs. Goldman is identified as the sister of Mrs. Edward Loeb, suggesting a connection to the Mikveh Israel community.

Pair of sepia-toned oval cartes-de-visite portraits of Leopold and Mrs. Sulzberger. Photographs taken circa 1865 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A 16-page booklet published in New York in 1857 by John A. Gray, Printer. Authored by Udolpho Wolfe, sole manufacturer and importer of various schnapps, located at 18, 20 & 22 Beaver Street, New York. The catalogue details the problem of pure gin being adulterated with other liquids and extols the virtues of Wolfe's schnapps. Wolfe is described as the son of Dutch Jews.

Indenture document conveying a cemetery plot in the Congregation Benai Israel cemetery in Kalamazoo, Michigan, dated June 1, 1882. The deed lists Joseph Speyer as the owner of the plot and includes the signatures of several early Jewish settlers in Kalamazoo: Bernhard M. Desenberg, L. Stern, Henry Stern, D. Lilienfeld, and B. L. Desenberg.

Charter granted to the Shawnee Tribe No. 2 of the Improved Order of Red Men in Winchester, Virginia, on September 11, 1847. The charter lists the founding members and outlines the tribe's authority and responsibilities within the Improved Order of Red Men. Printed by Johnson & Schaffer, Book, Job and Ornamental Printers in Lynchburg, Virginia. The charter is notable for including C.W. Rosenfeld, a Jewish man, among the Great Chiefs who signed the document.

Check dated September 2, 1868, drawn on the Fourth National Bank of New York and made payable to Kamak Levy & Co. The check is signed by L.H. Hershfield & Bro. The check features a vignette of a figure of Justice. This check represents an early example of financial activity involving Jewish pioneers in Helena, Montana.

Check for 500 pounds sterling, dated August 20, 1810, drawn in Richmond, Virginia, to the order of Samuel Myers of London. The check is signed by David Milhado and endorsed by Samuel Myers and Seixas Nathan.

Newspaper clipping from the *Christian Inquirer*, published in New York, New York on February 11, 1854. The clipping features an extensive and complimentary article about the bequests of Judah Touro.

A signed petition and application for citizenship by Isaac Stuttgart (1785-1830) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 27, 1810. The document includes testimony and signature of Lyon Cadet (1754-1845), attesting to Stuttgart's residency in the United States. Stuttgart arrived from Amsterdam in 1807 and established a fancy goods store. He was a member of Rodeph Shalom Congregation and later Mikveh Israel Congregation. The application was submitted under the Act of March 26, 1804.

Citizenship certificate issued to Leopold Morse in Massachusetts on June 1, 1855. The document includes biographical information about Morse, noting his career in retail clothing (Leopold Morse & Co.), his terms as a United States Representative from Massachusetts (1877-1885, 1887-1889), his presidency of the Post Publishing Co. (publisher of The Boston Post), and his founding of the Boston Home for Infirm Hebrews and Orphanage in Mattapan, Massachusetts. Morse (August 15, 1831 – December 15, 1892) is described as having made his fortune in retail clothing.

Handwritten citizenship document on vellum, signed by Joseph Simon Cohen, Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, for Gustavus Rentak. Dated January 26, 1844, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Legal document recording the citizenship oath of Michael Gugenheim, taken in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on October 21, 1858. The document is signed by Jacob Beesen, Clerk.

Legal document detailing the naturalization process of Solomon Nathan. The document records Nathan's citizenship in Eureka, Nevada on August 1, 1874, and subsequent registrations in Maricopa, Arizona Territory (November 1878) and Shasta County, California (1886). The document suggests Nathan either owned a store or worked as a miner in each of these remote mining areas.

One of ten interest-bearing bearer bonds issued by the City of Philadelphia. This particular bond, dated September 15, 1854, was issued to "Har Nevah Lodge No. 12 in trust for K. Goldberg, Joseph Cohen, R. Brunswick, S. Hamerschlay and M. Reese." The bonds feature elaborate illustrations, including the Philadelphia City Hall complex, early locomotives, a wharf, George Washington, and Benjamin Franklin. Each bond bears the signatures of the City Controller and Treasurer. The collection includes bonds issued to various Jewish organizations and prominent Philadelphia Jewish individuals, including Henry Myer Phillips and his companion Constant Guillon.

One of ten intricately illustrated six percent bearer bonds issued by the City of Philadelphia. This particular bond, dated September 15, 1854, was issued to Henry Myer Phillips and Constant Guillon. The bonds feature detailed illustrations of Philadelphia City Hall, early locomotives, a wharf, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and other imagery. The bond is part of a collection issued to Jewish organizations and individuals in Philadelphia during the 1850s and 1860s. The bonds show signs of age but are largely in excellent condition.

Collection of ten interest-bearing six per cent loan bearer bonds issued by the City of Philadelphia between the 1850s and 1872. Issued to various Jewish organizations and individuals, including prominent figures such as Isaac J. Phillips, Treasurer of the United Hebrew Beneficent Society; S. M. Etting; Philip Nathans; and Henry Myer Phillips. The bonds feature illustrations of Philadelphia City Hall, early locomotives, a wharf, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and other imagery. Each bond bears the signatures of the City Controller and Treasurer. Bond denominations range from $100 to $9,000.

Civil War-era trade token issued by Felix Marx and Isaac Ederheimer's kosher dining saloon located at 256 Broadway, New York, New York. The front of the token features the names "MARX, FELIX / EDERHEIMER, ISAAC," along with "NEW YORK, NEW YORK" and a Liberty Shield design. The reverse displays "FELIX KOSHER (in Hebrew) DINNING SALOON" and the address "256 BROADWAY." The token is described as rare and is noted for a possible U.S. cent overstrike. Marx and Ederheimer owned several restaurants between 1861 and 1873, and a saloon existed at this address between 1864 and 1869. Dated circa 1863.

Coin silver server presented to Isaac and Louisa Wormser on their 10th wedding anniversary, May 2, 1864, by H. L. Kohn. Made or retailed by Braverman & Levy. The server features an inscription on the back. Isaac Wormser was a prominent San Francisco merchant, involved in the liquor business and community organizations.

Coin-silver soup ladle made by Solomon Ralph Biesenthal of Louisville, Kentucky (1829-1903). Engraved “Remember Jetta Gerstley.” Marked: “SRBiesenthal Louisville.” The ladle is dated circa 1854, based on Jetta Gerslet's marriage to Solomon Schoenfeld in 1854. The style of the ladle correlates with the mid-19th century. The inscription is a loving reminder to the bride of her former identity. There's no indication the couple remained in Louisville; a Jetty Schoenfeld died in Brooklyn, New York in 1902. The object's provenance is from the private collection of S & B B of VA, patrons and purveyors of Virginia and early Southern material culture. Additional information about the maker, Solomon Ralph Biesenthal, his life in Louisville, Kentucky, and the socio-economic context of Jewish silversmiths in the antebellum American South is included in the accompanying documentation.

Silver commemorative medal celebrating the 250th anniversary of Jewish settlement in America. Minted in 1905, less than five silver examples are known to exist. Two gold medals were presented to President Theodore Roosevelt and former President Grover Cleveland. An additional 36 silver medals and 284 bronze medals were struck. The planned public monument in Central Park was never erected; funds were instead diverted to aid Russian Jews persecuted by pogroms.

A one-page commercial letter written by Moses E. Levy on February 14, 1853, from Miconopy, Florida, to George N. Fairbanks, concerning land in Levy County, Florida. Levy, a prominent Jewish pioneer settler in Florida, arrived in 1821. The letter is significant due to its rarity; signed documents by this influential figure are scarce.

A brief commercial letter from the publishing firm Naar, Day & Naar to E. C. Taylor dated April 20, 1869, in Trenton, New Jersey. The letter is from the office of the Daily and Weekly True American.

Token depicting an eagle on the obverse and the inscription "Concordia Club 5" on the reverse. The Concordia Club was a liberal German club founded in 1842 in Baltimore, Maryland, located at the corner of Eutaw and Redwood (formerly German) Streets. It burned down in 1910. The token dates from January 1, 1875. Jews played an important role in the club, and it effectively became an elite Jewish club.

$2 Confederate States of America bank note, third series, dated June 2, 1862. The note features a portrait of Judah Philip Benjamin, Secretary of State of the Confederate States. Issued in Richmond, Virginia.

This excerpt from the Congressional Record of June 11, 1874, details the ongoing legal battles of Jonas Levy, focusing on his service during the Mexican-American War, specifically his role as captain of the USS America during the Battle of Veracruz. The document also highlights Levy's significant contributions to Jewish life in Washington, D.C., and his advocacy for American Jews against discriminatory practices in the 1850s. His involvement in a trade dispute between the United States and Switzerland over religious freedoms is mentioned, emphasizing Levy's activism for Jewish rights and equality. The excerpt mentions Levy's military career in the 1840s and his continued legal pursuits into the 1880s. Jonas Phillips Levy (1807-1883) was the younger brother of Uriah Phillips Levy, the first Jewish commodore in the U.S. Navy.

This 296-page Congressional Record documents the contested election of Stephen R. Mallory to the United States Senate from Florida in 1851. David Levy Yulee contested the election, resulting in a series of hearings and a final decision by the Senate. The record includes the full documentation of these hearings, culminating in the rejection of Yulee's claim and the confirmation of Mallory. Published August 24, 1852, this document details the legal arguments, political maneuvering, and ultimate outcome of this significant event in early American political history. Yulee's contest is notable given that he was the first Jewish Senator and the first Jew to participate in a contested election for federal office. The document highlights the complexities of Florida election laws, political strategies of the era, and the unique aspects of Yulee and Mallory's backgrounds as West Indies immigrants who entered Florida politics.

Six-dollar Continental Currency note printed by Hall and Sellers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on February 26, 1777. The note is signed by Benjamin Levy, one of two Jewish signers of colonial notes.

Two dollar Continental Currency note printed by Hall and Sellers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 2, 1776. The note is signed by Benjamin Levy, one of two Jewish signers of colonial notes.

Issue of the Daily National Intelligencer newspaper published in Washington, D.C. on September 13, 1850. This issue features a list of hundreds of licenses issued, including several for Jewish individuals. One entry notes a fine levied against A. Lehman for a dog license violation.

A collection of seven daily newspapers, numbered 1 through 7, published from January 1, 1888 to December 8, 1888, in Chicago, Illinois. These newspapers covered the events of a Jewish charity fair organized by the Young Men's Hebrew Charity Association and the Ladies Sewing and Aid Society. The papers contain news and social updates related to the fair.

Engraved broadside on rice paper, measuring 19 1/2 x 13 1/2 inches, commemorating the centennial of the Declaration of Independence (1776-1876). Published in New York by James D. McBride for the Columbian Publishing Company in 1874. This facsimile replicates the Stone engraving but includes a patriotic border and a revised signature arrangement to accommodate advertising in the lower right corner. This particular broadside was presented by S. Freedman & Co., Detroit, Michigan, dealers in dry goods and carpets, located at 147, 149 & 151 Woodward Avenue. S. Freedman was active in local Jewish affairs, and the Freedman family were early Jewish settlers in Detroit, listed in the 1837 city directory.

Deed signed by Israel Israel, son of Michael, to Andrew Sumners Jr. dated March 28, 1801, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Israel Israel, described as having been raised as a Christian, amassed a fortune by age 21 and served as High Sheriff of Philadelphia in 1800.

Deed from Andrew Thatcher to Israel Israel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated September 18, 1802. The deed includes signatures and seals of Israel Israel, who is described as the son of Michael, raised as a Christian, having amassed a fortune at age 21, and serving as High Sheriff of Philadelphia in 1800.

Indenture dated May 6, 1791, in Philadelphia, between Abigail Hamilton and Timothy Abbott and Samuel Barnes concerning land on the west side of Third Street between High and Chestnut Streets. The deed specifies the land as "the northerly moiety of a larger Lot" previously conveyed to Andrew Hamilton. Abigail Hamilton signed the deed, witnessed by David Franks and Benjamin Levy. The document highlights the post-Revolutionary reconciliation between individuals with differing loyalties during the American Revolution, as the Franks family were Loyalists, while Benjamin Levy was a supporter of the Revolution. Additional biographical information on the individuals involved is included within the record.

Vellum deed signed by the High Sheriff of Philadelphia, Israel Israel, documenting a land transfer from Henry Weissenbach on March 2, 1801. The document measures approximately 16" x 25 1/2". Some fading of the ink is present, but signatures and lettering remain legible. Israel Israel later served as Grand Master of the Masonic Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania.

Deed signed by Moses Levy, dated February 4, 1794, concerning land in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The deed indicates a direct land purchase from the government by Levy. Additional notes mention Levy's parentage, religious upbringing, and his role as a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, as well as his contributions to early American labor law.

Deed signed by Israel Israel, son of Michael, to Paul Beck Jr. dated March 28, 1801 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Israel Israel, described as having been raised as a Christian, amassed a fortune by age 21, and served as High Sheriff of Philadelphia in 1800.

Vellum deed documenting the sale of a twenty-foot-wide alleyway in Easton, Pennsylvania, on March 31, 1812. The sellers were John Penn, William Penn, and Juliana Catharine Penn, heirs of William Penn, represented by their attorney John R. Coates. The buyer was Jacob Hart. The deed includes the signatures of John Geyer, Mayor of Philadelphia, and witnesses Tobias Scheonheit and Frederick Beates. The document details the legal transfer of property from the Penn heirs to Jacob Hart.

This document is a deed of sale for Lot 19, Parcel 533 in Washington, D.C., dated May 15, 1827. Charlotte Abigail Myers and Mordecai Cohen Myers, a Jewish family from Georgetown, South Carolina, sold the land to John A. Smith of Washington City for $350. The land was inherited from David Pollock. The deed is signed by William Cranch, subscriber of Deeds for the District of Columbia, and witnessed by Solomon Cohen. A verso notation indicates that notary Thomas R. Mitchell appeared before William Cranch as subscribing witness on January 22, 1828. The main portion of the deed is handwritten by a secretary. William Brent, Clerk of the Court for the District of Columbia, also signed the document.

Deed of sale for land in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated October 8, 1794. Patrick Levy and John Levy sold land to Joseph Thomas. This deed is one of nine contiguous documents relating to the sale and transfer of land.

Deed of Trust signed by Simon Wolf as Notary Public on May 17, 1875. The document was signed by Civil War Captain E.C. Weaver. Simon Wolf (1836-1923) was a prominent figure in Jewish affairs, born in Hinzweiler, Kingdom of Bavaria. He emigrated to the United States in 1848, practiced law, served as Recorder of Deeds for the District of Columbia, and was Consul General to Egypt. He was active in Jewish charitable and educational movements and a prominent Freemason and member of the Independent Order B'nai B'rith.

Deed poll transferring property from John West to Aaron Levy in Tyrone, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, dated December 7, 1792. The document is written in English.

Deed involving Abraham D. Balis and George W. Balis of Sacramento County, California, dated June 2, 1872. The deed was signed by Abraham D. Balis.

Deed for the sale of land located on the west side of Second Street, above the Delaware River, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated February 23, 1828. The deed involves a transaction between Nathan Nathans and Curtis Cavender. This may represent a transaction between father and son; earlier transactions did not go through. See related items 18-119 and 200 in the collection.

Deed of conveyance between Samuel Disbrow and Sarah Disbrow, grantors, and Isaac Hanford and Aaron Adams, grantees, in Fairfield, Connecticut, dated March 9, 1804. The deed is signed twice by David Judah. Annotations mention David Judah's service in the Revolutionary War, his circumcision and conversion, and his appeal to Aron Lopez for post-war financial assistance.

Legal deposition given by Thomas Bradford in London, England on March 16, 1716, attesting to his acquaintance with Daniel Tittery and Joshua Tittery of Philadelphia. Bradford's testimony details the inheritance of land in Maryland by three daughters of Joshua Tittery, who is described as a potter of Philadelphia, and the family's Jewish origins and history as glass blowers.

This document contains a deposition related to accusations of smuggling against Jewish merchants during the 39th Congress, 1st Session. The deposition includes testimony from Myer Stern, Solomon Hamburger, S.A. Winstock, and Abraham Valaskie. The accused merchants claimed they were fleeing the South when their boat was captured, and their claim was denied due to evidence suggesting their families remained in the South and that the Amnesty Law did not apply to Jews. The date is December 14th, 1864. The document is part of the Congressional Record.

A discounted bill of exchange, dated April 9, 1776, originating from a note payable to C. Hayes from Samuel Wallis for labor performed on August 26, 1775. C. Hayes assigned his rights to Aaron Levy, with the endorsement witnessed by Joseph Alexander. Ezekiel Levy signed as agent for Aaron Levy. The document is related to Samuel Wallis, a significant landowner in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania. Additional biographical information on Aaron Levy, Ezekiel Levy, and their connections to the Jewish community in Pennsylvania during the Revolutionary period is included in the description.

Booklet containing correspondence between U.S. officials and Swiss authorities regarding the discrimination faced by American Jewish citizens in Switzerland, specifically focusing on the case of S. Muhlhauser, who was denied the right to open a branch office. Includes testimony by Jonas Levy. The documents detail anti-Semitic laws and practices in Switzerland from 1858 to 1860, and the efforts by the U.S. government to address these issues. Published in Washington D.C. by the House of Representatives in 1860. Octavo. 101 pages. Original tan wraps with black lettering on cover (lacking in this copy). This collection includes correspondence between US officials and Theodore S. Fay, Secretary of the US legation in Bern, Switzerland. Fay's 1859 report to the Swiss Federal Council was instrumental in the eventual emancipation of Jews in Switzerland in 1866. The booklet reviews discriminatory Swiss laws and prohibitions against Jews, and details incidents such as the expulsion of an American citizen, Gootmann, due to his Jewish faith. (Singerman No. 1691)

Issue of Dunlap's American Daily Advertiser newspaper published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 16, 1793. This issue contains advertisements for new merchandise at 14 South Front Street and for back taxes owed. It also includes mentions of Mikveh Israel Synagogue and individuals Benjamin Nones and Levi Aaron.

A photograph or document related to the East Side Free Kitchen. The image includes the phrase "Blessed is He Who Gives" and the Ten Commandments written in Hebrew. The date is approximately January 1, 1920. The geographic location is New York City.

Newspaper editorial from the *Massachusetts Spy*, published in Boston, Massachusetts on February 16, 1820. The editorial, reprinted from the *Connecticut Mirror*, discusses the rationale behind Jewish settlement in the United States, supporting Mordecai Manuel Noah's plan in Buffalo. It argues for the freedoms afforded to Jews in the U.S. and suggests conversion as a result of this newfound liberty.

Silver spoon engraved with the maker's mark "LEWIS HYMAN, RD." Made in Richmond, Virginia, circa 1840. The spoon is associated with Lewis Hyman, brother of Henry Hyman.

Silver spoon engraved with the hallmark "LEWIS HYMAN, RD." Made in Richmond, Virginia, circa 1840. The spoon belonged to Lewis Hyman, brother of Henry Hyman.

Engraving depicting Uriah P. Levy in full uniform, created by C. Girard in 1833. The engraving is considered one of the best likenesses of Levy in existence and may have been commissioned during his two-year stay in Paris. Levy is known for commissioning a statue of Thomas Jefferson from Pierre Jean David d'Angers during this time.

Eight-page pamphlet detailing the membership and schedules of Enterprise Lodge No. 228 F & A.M., located in the Doric Room of Mason Hall at 6th Ave. & 23rd Street in New York City. Published in 1895, the lodge was chartered in 1851. The pamphlet lists numerous Jewish members, as well as H.W. Meincke and Cohen, identified as non-paying members.

Envelope addressed to B. E. Jones in Buffalo, Kansas, postmarked May 25, 1891. The envelope was sent from either New York, NY or Kansas City, MO. The recipient's marriage was announced in a Jewish newspaper.

Envelope addressed to Judah Philip Benjamin. The envelope features a patriotic design with an image related to the Confederate States of America. The date is not specified on the item.

Account of the estate of Aaron Levy, listing 10 tracts of land with their names and values, totaling $330.67. The document dates from 1819. Aaron Levy (1742-1815) was a Revolutionary patriot, founder of Aaronsburg, Pennsylvania, and a prominent land owner in Pennsylvania.

This archival collection comprises excerpted articles from *The Congressional Globe*, specifically focusing on speeches delivered by Senators David Levy Yulee and Judah Philip Benjamin during the 24th Congress, 1st Session, in 1856. The excerpts cover Yulee's stances on the Kansas-Nebraska Act, with specific dates of February 1st and June 11th, 1856, and Benjamin's speeches on April 29th, 1856. The material was originally part of *The Congressional Globe* but has been removed for this collection.

This issue of Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, published in New York, New York on April 10, 1858, features a two-page article on the Jewish Passover. The article includes four illustrations depicting the making of matzah on Chatham Street and provides a brief explanation of the holiday. It also contains commentary on the Jewish community in New York City.

Newspaper clipping from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, September 21, 1889, featuring a full-page illustration titled "The Jewish Quarter on the East Side; Scenes in Ludlow Street Market." The article appears on pages 104 and 107. The clipping depicts scenes from the Jewish quarter on the Lower East Side of New York City.

A free franked envelope dated April 13, 1858, addressed to John Rumsey, Secretary of the Board of Directors of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The envelope is signed by Henry Meyer Phillips, a Philadelphia lawyer and the first Jewish person elected to Congress from Philadelphia. The envelope mentions Phillips's membership in the 35th Congress.

Gambling license issued to Ike Isaacs to operate one keno table in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, on April 10, 1882. The license is signed by Mayor John Carr. Ike Isaacs (1841-1906), born in Albany, New York, moved west in 1859 and to Tombstone in 1881. His gambling establishment was located on a famous street, and he expanded his operations in 1882. He was a known associate of Wyatt Earp and may have witnessed the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral on October 26, 1881. Isaacs is considered the best-documented Jewish western gambler.

Newspaper clipping from the September 11, 1790, edition of the *Gazette of the United States*, featuring a letter from Moses Seixas, Grand Master of King David's Masonic Lodge in Newport, Rhode Island, to President George Washington, and Washington's reply. Published in New York, New York.

General Order #22 from the Mare Island Navy Yard, dated October 17, 1863, details the court martial of David M. Cohen for issuing a challenge to E.A. Selfridge, the clerk of the commandant. The order outlines the proceedings and Cohen's sentence of reprimand by the Secretary of the Navy. This legal document originates from Mare Island, California.

This book tells the story of Joseph Choynski, the first American Jewish prize fighter to achieve widespread acclaim. The book also includes biographical information about I. N. Choynski, Joseph's father, who was among the first antiquarian booksellers in San Francisco and a board member of the Jewish Alliance of California and its Ladies' Auxiliary. The book provides context on the Jewish Alliance's mission of aiding and educating Jewish refugees arriving in San Francisco.

This is the first edition of *Gotham and the Gothamites: A Medley*, a satirical poem by Samuel Benjamin Helbert Judah, published in New York City in 1823 by Solomon King. The work satirizes over one hundred prominent New York citizens and, considered defamatory at the time, led to Judah and King's arrest and indictment for libel. This copy includes the suppressed pages xxi-xxiv, which are absent from most copies. Judah was later pardoned and became an attorney.

Half ticket from Scheme #11 of the Grand State Lottery of Maryland, dated March 20, 1823. The ticket bears the signature of J. I. Cohen, Jr., who was President of the Baltimore City Council and known for advocating for Jewish rights. Ticket number 17087.

Half ticket from Scheme #11 of the Grand State Lottery of Maryland, number 10452. The ticket bears the signature of J. I. Cohen, Jr., who served as President of the Baltimore City Council and was known for his advocacy of Jewish rights. The ticket is dated March 28, 1823.

Quarter ticket from the Second Consolidated Grand State Lottery of Maryland. The ticket bears the signature of J. I. Cohen, Jr., President of the Baltimore City Council, who was known for his advocacy of Jewish rights. The ticket is numbered I.653 and indicates a $100,000 prize for the whole ticket. While the ticket is undated, it is dated to 1820 based on biographical information.

This is an article from Harper's Weekly, published July 6, 1872, featuring a drawing of the Central Synagogue located at 55th and Lexington Street in New York, New York. The article is approximately one-quarter of a page in length.

Newspaper page from Harper's Weekly, published in New York, New York on November 3, 1866, featuring a full-page photograph of the Philadelphia Athletics and Brooklyn Atlantics baseball teams. The image prominently features Lipman Pike, noted as the first Jewish professional baseball player.

Invitation from Mayer Sulzberger to an unknown recipient for a dinner at the Hotel Bellevue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to meet Mr. Justice Dean and Mr. Justice Fell. The invitation is dated circa 1885. The Hotel Bellevue's address is listed as the Northeast Corner of Sixth and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, PA.

This is an invitation to the celebration of the golden wedding anniversary of Mr. & Mrs. Emmanuel Goldsmith, held at the residence of Mr. & Mrs. Henry Goldsmith, 284 West 34th Street, New York City, on April 27, 1862. Addresses were to be delivered by Rev. Raphael and Rev. S. M. Isaacs.

Broadside invitation to the inaugural ball for President James K. Polk and Vice President George Mifflin Dallas, held on March 4, 1845. David Levy Yulee, a Florida Senator, is listed on the Committee of Invitation. This broadside is significant for being one of the earliest known examples of a Jewish individual being included in the official events of a presidential inauguration.

Admission card or invitation to the opening of the new building of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange on June 29, 1876. The invitation was issued to Moses A. Dropsie, an individual active in Jewish affairs. This item is related to another item in the collection (12.997).

Invitation to attend the unveiling and dedication ceremonies of a monument emblematic of Religious Liberty at the Centennial Grounds, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, on Thanksgiving Day, November 22, 1876, at 12:00 PM. The invitation is a four-page, single-folded leaf printed with a bold heading and the names of the president, chairman, and other committee members. The monument was a statue by the sculptor Moses Ezekiel.

Printed invitation to the wedding of Fannie Berlin and Aaron Schneider, held at No. 2 Washington Hall in Woodbine, New Jersey, on December 27, 1898. The invitation is bilingual, in English and Yiddish.

Invoice from Samson Levy to Samuel Wallace for goods purchased. Dated April 12, 1761, Philadelphia. Written on fine laid paper with a partial watermark. This document is potentially in Levy's hand. Samson Levy (1722-1781) was a prominent Philadelphia merchant and one of the first patriots to sign documents protesting British rule. The invoice reflects commercial activity in 18th-century Philadelphia.

This archival object is a land transfer deed from Fairfield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, dated November 1, 1749. The deed features the bold signature of Isaac Pinto (1720-1791), a 29-year-old Jewish American merchant, who served as a witness to the transaction. The document measures approximately 8 x 12-3/4 inches and includes early printed text. The inclusion of Pinto as a witness is considered unusual for the time. Accompanying the deed is biographical information highlighting Pinto's contributions to American society, including his role as a translator for the United States government and his significant contribution to American Judaism by creating the first English translation of the High Holiday service, published in colonial times.

Business lease agreement dated May 14, 1898, between Tilly Israel of Kalamazoo, Michigan, and Joseph and Sigismund Speyer, also of Kalamazoo (the firm of Rosenbaum & Speyer, dry goods merchants). The lease concerns a business building located at 127 and 129 West Main Street, Kalamazoo, the site of M. Israel Dry Goods Store. The lease was for a period of five years. The document includes the original signatures of Simon Rosenbaum, Joseph Speyer, Sigismund Speyer, and Tilly Israel. Tilly Israel was the first female Jewish settler in Kalamazoo and the mother of Edward Israel, who died in the Arctic Exposition.

Four-page ledger sheet detailing Michael Gratz's expenses, including payments for soldiers joining George Washington's Continental Army. The ledger covers the period from June 30, 1780, to January 19, 1781, and includes entries signed by Michael Gratz, Isaiah Bush, and others. Created in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Ledger sheet detailing the account of Solomon Cohen with Hill Dickinson & Co., Augusta, Georgia, dated February 25, 1863. This document records the transaction for 16 slaves and includes payments to Jacob Davis of Petersburg, VA. Solomon Cohen is listed in Augusta and Atlanta. This is considered an important record related to Jewish slave traders in the American South.

Legal opinion issued by the Texas Supreme Court at Galveston in January 1869 in the case of A. J. Bloomberg vs. Andre & Schultz. The case relates to the firm Alexander & Co., composed of J. Alexander, A. J. Bloomberg, and G. M. Raphael, all Jewish businessmen. A. J. Bloomberg and G. M. Raphael held substantial business interests as leading commercial houses in the Lower Rio Grande region. Bloomberg established the business in 1865; in 1868, it became Alexander & Co., operating under that name until 1872 when J. Alexander was murdered. Following Alexander's death, A. J. Bloomberg became a New York resident, purchasing goods for the firm, while G. M. Raphael and Louis Cowen managed operations in Brownsville and Matamoros, catering to the Mexican trade. Bloomberg & Raphael owned 80,000–90,000 acres of land in Hidalgo County, Texas, with several ranches.

Two-page letter written from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Matilda Cohen in Fort Hamilton, New York on July 24, 1848. The letter contains family details and is one of six letters written to Mrs. Henry Cohen from various relatives. This letter provides insight into the daily life of a prominent Jewish Philadelphian family.

Letter written by Abraham Charles Myers, Captain at San Antonio, Texas, to Captain George H. Crosman, Assistant Quartermaster at Corpus Christi, Texas, on February 7, 1846. The letter mentions Fort Myers, one of the first bases of operations during the Seminole Indian Wars, named in honor of Colonel Abraham C. Myers.

A single-page letter dated March 21, 1851, from Andrew Boyd of Frederick, Maryland, to J. I. Cohen, Jr., President of the Baltimore Fire Insurance Company in Baltimore, Maryland. Boyd writes on behalf of Samuel Snider, requesting a change of address on Snider's insurance policy due to a recent move.

A one-page letter, dated March 6, 1855, from David Levy Yulee, President of the Florida Railroad, to Jas. E. Broome, Chairman. This is a secretarial copy of the letter. The letter discusses the Florida Railroad, its construction, and related matters. The letter is geographically relevant to Jacksonville, Florida, United States.

Letter written by David Naar to John R. Thomson on September 9, 1844, from Elizabethtown, New Jersey. The letter discusses political matters. Naar's biography highlights his unique journey from a Portuguese Jewish family in St. Thomas to becoming a prominent figure in New Jersey politics, including serving as the state's first elected Jewish official.

This letter, dated October 27, 1852, was written by H. Labatt of New Orleans, Louisiana to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia. Labatt expresses concern over anti-Semitic attacks targeting J.P. Benjamin and E.W. Moise, prominent Louisiana politicians. The letter highlights the religious prejudice faced by Jewish individuals in the political arena of antebellum Louisiana.

A letter from H. Levinson of the firm Harmam & Levinson in Brenham, Washington County, Texas, to Isaac Leeser, dated December 28, 1849. The letter, which is unstamped, concerns an order for "occidents."

Stampless folded letter mailed from Demopolis, Alabama to B. Cohen in Mobile, Alabama on October 25, 1849. The letter, written in German with some English phrases, discusses business matters, including a bill of lading and commission, and mentions Goldsmith, Forcheimer & Co., Mobile wholesale grocers. Mendelein Manuel Forcheimer (1826-1912), born in Bavaria, was likely associated with the firm. This letter is an example of early Judaica correspondence from Demopolis, Alabama, a city with a growing Jewish community that played a significant role in local commerce by the 1850s. The letter is marked with a red DEMOPOLIS/Ala. postmark and a red "5" in a circle rate handstamp. The letter's content suggests commercial activity typical of the period.

Letter from the banking house of Henry Greenebaum & Company, located at the southwest corner of Lake and LaSalle Streets in Chicago, Illinois. The letter, dated December 15, 1870, acknowledges receipt of a deposit. Henry Greenebaum (1833-1914) was a prominent German-born Jewish-American banker in Chicago.

One-page letter written by Henry Jacob Labatt in New Orleans, Louisiana, on December 28, 1850, to Isaac Leeser. Labatt discusses his return from college, plans to study law in New Orleans, and a proposal to establish an agency for Leeser's publications. The letter also includes biographical details about Labatt, revealing his full name and age.

A stampless folded letter written on March 15, 1836, from Henry Moore in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to Daniel Aqueco in Beaver, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses the appointment of engineers for canal routes to Erie, mentioning individuals like Mr. Sullivan and Mr. Livermore. Moore also describes his meetings with Mr. Moss, a Philadelphia banker, and comments on the view from the Pennsylvania state capitol and upcoming political events.

One-page letter dated January 27, 1858, written and signed by U.S. Congressman Henry Myer Phillips (1811-1884) to John Rumsey. Written from Washington, D.C., the letter discusses the return of letters from the Rothschilds and a requested statement from Rumsey. Approximately 6 1/2" x 8" with integral leaf and one vertical fold.

A two-page letter written by Jacob De la Motta to Isaac Leeser on September 17, 1832, from Charleston, South Carolina. De la Motta discusses the cholera outbreak in Charleston and its impact on his ability to visit Leeser in Philadelphia. The letter offers insight into the social and medical conditions of the time.

Five-page letter written on August 5, 1853, by James Westcott, Florida's first senator, to his friend Peter Dumont Vroom, Governor of New Jersey. The letter contains significant historical information about Florida politics and accuses David Levy Yulee of political betrayal.

This letter, dated August 8, 1848, is from John Belton O'Neall, Chief Justice of the South Carolina Court, to Isaac Leeser, editor of *The Occident*, in Philadelphia. O'Neall addresses concerns raised by the Jewish community regarding his opinion in the case *City Council vs. Benjamin*. This case involved alleged slander by the Charleston city council and revolved around the interpretation and application of the 'Blue Laws'. O'Neall defends his statement that he knows "no other standard of good morals" than Christianity, clarifying that this reference encompassed the entirety of the Bible, not just the New Testament. The letter demonstrates the intersection of legal proceedings, religious interpretations, and social prejudices against the Jewish community in 19th-century America.

Letter written by Mayer Sulzberger to twenty-six Philadelphia Jews on May 24, 1880, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter concerns an invitation to a dinner prior to Sulzberger's European trip, and it relates to items 20.679 through 20.683, which concern his European trip, the Board of Delegates of American Israelites, and issues of European Jewry.

Letter written by Mayer Sulzberger on May 26, 1880, on the letterhead of Mayer Sulzberger, 6th & Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter is one of a set of four letters written to Simon Muhr while he was traveling abroad. The letter includes news about the Young Men's Hebrew Association (YMHA).

A one-page letter written by Mendes I. Cohen of Baltimore, Maryland to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 22, 1849. Cohen writes on behalf of Rev. S. M. Isaacs of New York City, requesting Leeser to publicize the job search of Rev. Professor David M. Isaacs of Liverpool, England, who was seeking a position in the United States.

Letter written by Mich. Price to Charles Ludlow in New York, New York on October 4, 1805. The letter mentions a meeting with Mr. Judah, brother of Benjamin Judah, and comments on the increase and spread of a disease (possibly fever) among the Jewish population in New York.

One-page letter written by Michael Seeligson from Galveston, Texas, to Isaac Leeser on June 19, 1853. Seeligson discusses his acceptance of the mayoral position in Galveston, emphasizing his commitment to upholding the dignity of Judaism for himself and his fellow Jews. The letter highlights the intersection of Jewish identity and civic leadership in 19th-century Texas.

A business letter written by Moses Michael Hays of Boston, Massachusetts to John Watson in Salem, Massachusetts on April 25, 1799. The letter's content is related to business matters.

Autograph letter signed by Moses Michael Hays, written in New York City on December 4, 1766, to Martin Gerrison Van Bergen in Albany, New York. The letter pertains to business matters and includes rare postmarks and references to the Western Frontier. This letter represents a rare example from the early stages of Hays' business career.

This letter, dated June 25, 1829, was written by Moses Myers of Norfolk, Virginia, to James Nimmo. Myers details a contribution to the American Colonization Society for the transportation of freed slaves from Virginia to Africa and requests that his name be withheld. The letter highlights Jewish involvement in the Colonization Society and offers insights into the social and political climate of Norfolk, Virginia, in 1829.

Letter written on office letterhead by S. Haibloom, secretary of the Jewish Immigrant's Protection Society of New York, to George Raudorf, Esq., on August 11, 1890. The letter requests assistance with an enclosed letter, as per the request of Hon. Ferdinand Levy, President of the Jewish Immigrant's Protection Society of New York. The letter originates from 10 Battery Place, New York, NY.

Letter from S. Haibloom, secretary of the Jewish Immigrants' Protection Society of New York, to George Raudorf, Esq., requesting his assistance regarding an enclosed letter, at the request of Hon. Ferdinand Levy, president of the Society. The letter, written on Society letterhead, is dated August 11, 1890, and originates from 10 Battery Place, New York, NY.

Commercial letter written by Samuel Zuckermann, a wholesale grocer and provision dealer in Mineola, Wood County, Texas, to W.S. Herndon in Tyler, Texas, on May 20, 1878. The letter contains commercial content and reflects Zuckermann's business activities.

A single-page letter written by Solomon Davis to Isaac Leeser on September 18, 1853, from Richmond, Virginia. Davis requests Leeser to send him a Bible and prayer books, specifically bound and inscribed with his wife's name, Anna Davis. Solomon Davis and his brother Benjamin were prominent figures in the Virginia slave trade, a fact noted in historical sources such as *The History of Jews of Richmond* and *Richmond's Jewry*. This letter is unique in the collection as the only correspondence from anyone in the Richmond Davis family or any other known slave trader.

This letter, written in German and English, is from William Frank of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to the Jewish firm of Jacobs & Meyer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated July 19, 1847, it concerns a three-hundred-dollar draft. The letter is significant as it's the earliest known correspondence from William Frank, a pioneer of Pittsburgh's Jewish community.

Single-page handwritten letter from William Lovenstein in Richmond, Virginia, dated September 5, 1866, to J. Burgauer. Lovenstein requests Burgauer to procure several books and an almanac, mentioning a previous visit to Philadelphia and a meeting with Mr. Leeser. Accompanied by photostats from Berman's "Richmond Jewry 1769-1976" detailing Lovenstein's military service and political career.

A lengthy handwritten letter in Yiddish, addressed to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1834. The letter, measuring 8 x 13 inches, displays three postmarks: one from a Continental European country (possibly Germany), one from Le Havre, France, and one from New York City. The reverse side of the letter was used as cover, and is folded to 4 x 5 inches. The letter shows signs of aging and fading, with some minor damage including holes and tears. The letter's content is expected to be significant in understanding Leeser's early days in America following his emigration from Germany. Because very little of Leeser's personal correspondence survives, this letter requires research and translation.

Three-page letter to Mayer Sulzberger concerning the sender's travels in France and an invitation to visit. The sender's identity is illegible. Circa 1885.

Broadside advertisement for Levy's Letter Sheet Wholesale Prices-Current, published in New Orleans, Louisiana on January 19, 1833. Printed by Benjamin Levy, a prominent Jewish printer and publisher in New Orleans.

A broadside listing licensed peddlers in New York City, dated May 10, 1878. The list includes the names of numerous Jewish peddlers and specifies their mode of travel (on foot, one horse, or two horses).

Manuscript copy of the inscription on the 1728 tombstone of Moses Levy, one of the earliest Jewish settlers in New York City. The manuscript, created circa 1860-1870, replicates the original inscription's lettering and form. The copy is a beautifully executed work, suggesting a learned creator.

A beautifully executed manuscript copy (ca. 1860-1870) of the inscription on the 1719 tombstone of Samuel Zanwill (Samuel Levy), one of the earliest Jewish settlers in New York City. According to Rabbi David de Sola Pool's "Portraits Etched in Stone," the inscription is actually from the tombstone of Samuel Levy, and Zanwill was his familiar Jewish name. Levy was a President of the Synagogue and a Constable of the City. This manuscript is accompanied by a companion manuscript of his brother Moses Levy's tombstone. The creator and purpose of these manuscripts remain unknown.

Issue of the *Maryland Gazette or, the Baltimore Advertiser* newspaper published in Baltimore, Maryland on June 12, 1789. This issue includes a "Want Ad" for the apprehension of Solomon Elkins, described as a Dutch Jew.

Broadside memorial submitted to the Maryland General Assembly in 1823, requesting the confirmation of legislation granting equal rights to Jews. The document, approximately 8" x 10", is undated but the context suggests it relates to the 1823-1824 legislative session concerning the 'Jew Bill'. The broadside lacks signatures, leaving the authorship uncertain. The text asks that the 'Jew Bill' be confirmed, referring to legislation aimed at removing religious restrictions for Jewish individuals holding political or civil office in Maryland.

Oil painting miniature portrait on ivory of Abigail Lopez Gomez (1771-1851), circa 1790. The portrait is in an original gold locket. Abigail Lopez was the daughter of Aaron Lopez, a prominent Jewish merchant in Newport, Rhode Island. It is believed to be her engagement portrait to Isaac M. Gomez.

Mortgage indenture document dated October 23, 1863, detailing the sale of land located around Main and Burdick Streets in Kalamazoo, Michigan, from Simon Rosenbaum to Luther A. Frank. The property included a store occupied by M. Cohn. The document is signed by Simon Rosenbaum, L. L. Clark, and George Colt.

Naturalization papers of Jacob Trieber, executed in Helena, Arkansas on May 11, 1887. This document details Trieber's naturalization as a United States citizen.

New Year's greeting card sent by M. J. Finkelstein to E. Schwartz in New York, New York, on January 1, 1932. The card includes text in both English and Hebrew. The card was sent in an envelope addressed to Schwartz c/o Cohen at 8301 Bay Parkway.

Issue of the New York Clipper newspaper from December 5, 1857, featuring a box score of a baseball game between the National Baseball Club of Brooklyn and the Montaue Baseball Club of Bedford. The game is notable for the participation of Boaz Pike, brother of Lip Pike, the first known Jewish professional baseball player. Published in New York, New York.

Newspaper reporting on the trial of Elijah J. Roberts for assaulting Mordecai Manuel Noah. The July 18, 1828 edition of the New-York American provides detailed coverage of the trial, including witness testimony. The newspaper also contains a notice regarding the election of officers for the Medical Society of New York City.

Issue of the New-York Daily Tribune newspaper published on May 11, 1843 in New York, New York. The back page includes a column on the Florida election mentioning David Levy Yulee.

This is a page from the April 2, 1828, edition of the New-York Enquirer, a newspaper published in New York, New York. The page features an advertisement by L.I. Cohen for a pencil and crayon manufactory located at 72 William Street. It also mentions Mordecai Manuel Noah, a prominent Jewish figure.

Issue of the New-York Enquirer newspaper published in New York, New York on April 8, 1828. This issue contains an article mentioning Mordecai Manuel Noah, a prominent Jewish figure.

Issue of the New-York Enquirer newspaper published in New York, New York on February 4, 1828. This issue features an article about Mordecai Manuel Noah, a prominent Jewish figure of his time.

Issue of the New-York Enquirer newspaper published in New York, New York on January 30, 1828. This issue contains an article mentioning Mordecai Manuel Noah, a prominent Jewish figure.

Issue of the New-York Enquirer newspaper from May 14, 1828, published in New York, New York. The issue contains an article about Mordecai Manuel Noah.

Newspaper advertisement from the *New-York Journal & Patriotic Register*, April 4, 1792, featuring two advertisements. One is in English and the other in French, offering auction services. The advertisement also mentions a well-known merchant involved in a commercial dispute with Thomas Jefferson, and an advertisement for books and stationery from the first Jewish book dealer in the USA.

Newspaper advertisement from the *New-York Journal & Patriotic Register*, published in New York, New York on March 24, 1792. The advertisement offers auction services in both English and French. It also includes ads for books and stationery from a merchant involved in a commercial dispute with Thomas Jefferson, and is noted as being the first Jewish book dealer in the USA.

Issue of the New-York Mirror newspaper from March 28, 1835, featuring Mordecai Manuel Noah's morality story, "A Day at Carthage." Published in New York, New York.

Newspaper clipping from the *Connecticut Gazette*, July 2, 1790, featuring a letter from Levi Sheftel, President of the Savannah, Georgia Congregation, to President George Washington, and Washington's reply. The clipping is described as being in mint condition. The description notes that a similar item, from the *Gazette of the United States*, June 19, 1790, sold at auction for a significant price. The text further discusses the context of this letter within the broader correspondence between President Washington and various Jewish congregations in the United States following his inauguration, highlighting the unique circumstances of the Savannah congregation's independent correspondence and the later use of this correspondence in advocating for Jewish rights in the early 19th century. A 1797 publication containing some, but not all, of this correspondence is mentioned.

Newspaper clipping from the *National Intelligencer*, published in Washington, D.C. on January 27, 1820. The clipping contains a detailed report from Albany, NY (dated January 20, 1820) concerning Mordecai Manuel Noah's proposal to establish a settlement for foreign Jews on Grand Island (near Buffalo). The editorial expresses sympathy for Noah's plan. Also included is an obituary of Starr Barrett of Charleston, South Carolina, reprinted from the *Southern Patriot* of January 14, 1820. The obituary describes Barrett as being over 120 years old, a claim that seems highly improbable given the detail provided.

Newspaper clipping detailing the arrival of Mordecai M. Mordecai, identified as the first Jew in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Published January 31, 1800, in Baltimore, Maryland. The clipping originates from the American and Daily Advertiser newspaper.

Issue of Niles' Weekly Register newspaper published in Baltimore, Maryland on January 16, 1819. This issue contains an article discussing the rights of conscience and the extension of privileges to Jewish people in Maryland.

Article from Niles' Weekly Register, published in Baltimore on December 19, 1818, reporting on the Maryland Legislature's appointment of a committee to draft a bill extending civil rights to Jews. This article discusses the historical context of Jewish rights in Maryland, noting the previous exclusion of Jews from holding civil or military office and the efforts of individuals like Solomon Etting and Judge H.M. Brackenridge to secure equal rights.

Ten-page notarized document detailing the estate of Esther Hunt, totaling $13,289.75. Includes a list of household slaves purchased from Jacob Nainez Cardozo and names numerous other Jewish executors and beneficiaries, including I. Philips, David & Joe Van Ostern, Sarah Van Ostern, Bernard Cohen, Benjamin & Henry Florence, and L. Barnett. Authored by A. Barnett as Notary Public on August 7, 1849. The document offers a glimpse into the lives of prominent New Orleans Jewish community members in the 1840s.

Note payable dated April 24, 1789, in which Alexander and Ephraim Blaine pledge two hundred pounds in gold or silver to Joseph Simon of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The note bears the signatures of Alexander Blaine, Ephraim Blaine, Mary Blaine, and Deniston Hays. Three endorsements on the verso record payments received on July 27, 1789, August 16, 1789, and November 3, 1789. The document measures 8x14 inches.

Continental Currency one dollar note issued in Charleston, South Carolina in 1777. The reverse of the note features four Hebrew letters used as decorative motifs and anti-counterfeiting devices. The note was printed on a press previously owned by Francis Salvador, a Jewish American Patriot who died fighting for American independence.

Pair of oil on canvas portraits of Moses Michael Hays (1739-1805) and Rachel Myer Hays (1738-1810). Attributed to Gilbert Stuart (American, 1755-1828), circa 1790. Each portrait measures 25 x 20 inches. Moses Michael Hays was a prominent Jewish merchant, civic leader, philanthropist, and Freemason in Colonial and early Federalist America. He lived in New York, Boston, and Newport, Rhode Island. Rachel Myer Hays was the sister of New York silversmith Myer Myers (1723-1795). The portraits descended through the Hays family and were collected by circa 1840 Jewish settlers in Cincinnati, OH. The current heirs include the president of an international literary society.

A 92-page pamphlet listing the graduation dates and theses of medical graduates from the University of Pennsylvania between 1768 and 1835. At least twelve known Jewish graduates are referenced within. Published circa 1836.

A patriotic envelope featuring a picture of Max Col. Friedman. The envelope is inscribed with "Headquarters; Cameron Dragoons; ; Chose the first Jewish Chaplin in the Union Army;...1863...Philadelphia, Pennsylvania". The envelope's imagery and inscription suggest a connection to the Union Army during the American Civil War and highlights the role of Max Col. Friedman.

Issue of the Pennsylvania Gazette newspaper, published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 6, 1750. Includes an advertisement by Levy & Franks detailing items for sale. Printed by Benjamin Franklin.

Newspaper clipping from the *Pennsylvania Gazette*, January 14, 1784, featuring an article concerning Joseph Cauffman, a landlord who evicted early congregants of Congregation Mikveh Israel from their Cherry Street building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The article also notes that Cauffman may not have been Jewish. A Simon Cauffman is mentioned as a donor to Rodeph Shalom in 1811.

Issue of the Pennsylvania Packet and Daily Advertiser newspaper published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 14, 1789. This issue contains advertisements, including one for an auction and advertisements by Hart & Co. and a leading merchant and banker in Easton, PA. who moved to Philadelphia in 1782.

Newspaper clipping from the Pennsylvania Packet and Daily Advertiser, published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 21, 1790. The clipping includes a bankruptcy notice for Simon Nathan and an advertisement for Isaac Franks, a money changer. The article notes that Nathan, once wealthy, lost his fortune between 1788 and 1791, along with 300 others in Philadelphia, before relocating to New York City and regaining his wealth.

Newspaper advertisement from the Pennsylvania Packet, dated December 13, 1781, featuring prominent advertisements for Haym Salomon and Jonas Phillips. The advertisement for Solomon is a full-page ad. A separate advertisement appears for Phillips. Both men were key players in the American Revolution, and the newspaper has a connection to Mikveh Israel. Published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Newspaper clipping from the *Pennsylvania Packet*, dated July 14, 1781, featuring a full-page advertisement for Salomons on page 4. Page 1 lists Jacob Hart and Joseph Israel as having mail at the post office, indicating a connection to Mikveh Israel. The clipping originates from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A detailed auction sheet (11.5" x 19") written on both sides, listing items for auction on April 1, 1831. This New York City petition requests a drawback of duties. The document is signed three times by Aaron Levy and witnessed by R. Riker. It is entirely in Levy's hand.

Police mug shot of Israel Mendelowicz, arrested for wife neglect in Boston, Massachusetts on July 13, 1916. The photograph is a carte-de-visite.

Salted paper print photograph depicting the steamship Lady Elgin and the warehouse of Selig & Cohen, clothing manufacturers, importers, and jobbers, located at 104 Lake Street in Urbana, Illinois. The photograph was likely taken sometime before 1860, the year the Lady Elgin sank. The photographer is identified as Samuel Alschuler, a Jewish photographer known for his 1857 ambrotype of Abraham Lincoln.

Broadside outlining a plan for elections to the American Jewish Congress. Issued by the Executive Committee for an American Jewish Congress, through Executive Secretary Bernard G. Richards. Published in New York, New York, early 1900s.

A port of entry document detailing shipments of finished copper from Hendricks & Brothers to Cincinnati, Ohio. This document is part of a larger collection documenting the history of Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent American copper manufacturing company founded by Uriah Hendricks in 1764 and operating until 1938. The document highlights the company's role in the Industrial Revolution and the American economy. The Hendricks family, originally from Amsterdam, established a successful metals business in New York, transitioning from importing to manufacturing copper, becoming crucial suppliers to prominent figures such as Paul Revere and Robert Fulton. The document also touches upon the family's significant contributions to the Jewish community in New York City.

Oil on canvas portrait of Benjamin Nones (1757-1826), depicting him holding a document dated 1793 from the United States Treasury. Painted in 1795 by Nicholas Vincent Boudet (active 1793-1820). The painting is one of a pair; the other depicts Nones' wife, Miriam Marks Nones (1764-1822), and one of their children. This portrait measures 35 inches in diameter, with the outer dimensions of the frame measuring 40.75 x 41 inches. The painting descended through the Nones family. Accompanying archival materials include biographical information detailing Nones' military service during the American Revolution, his role in the Philadelphia Jewish community, and his public defense of Judaism and republican principles.

Postcard depicting the Jewish Sanatorium for Incurables. The front shows the hospital building, and the reverse features an image of a boy and the text 'Luck for a Buck'. Published circa 1926. Geographic location: Kansas.

Newspaper clipping from Poulson's American Daily Advertiser, published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 26, 1822, featuring an extensive obituary and details of the bequests of Abraham Touro.

Brass token from circa 1850, featuring on the obverse: E. Jacobs Daguerreotype Artist around a head of Liberty; and on the reverse: Daguerreotype Saloon. 93 Camp St. N.O. around an eagle. E. Jacobs was a New Orleans daguerreotypist active from 1851-1859, later succeeded by L.S. Lipman. The token is 29mm in size and has a plain edge. The description also includes an excerpt from the *Occident*, May 1848, mentioning E. Jacobs as a manager of the Hebrew Benevolent Association of New Orleans.

Sheet music for the "Prince Imperial Quadrille," composed by L. Louis and dedicated to Solomon Cohen. Published circa 1840 in Savannah, Georgia. This is considered the earliest known example of Southern published music dedicated to a Jewish person.

Original manuscript privateering contract for the sloop Tryal, under the command of John Robinson, with Joseph Wood and Mordecai Sheftall as beneficiary merchants. Dated June 30, 1758, Savannah, Georgia. The contract includes 36 signatures and wax seals of the seamen. Two pages, 18.25" x 14.75".

Program for the inaugural ball of President Benjamin Harrison held on March 4, 1889, at the Pension Building in Washington, D.C. The program lists the committees responsible for organizing the event, including several individuals with Jewish surnames, and features details such as the order of dances and the bill of fare. The program consists of 16 pages, with images showing some of the pages.

Three-page promissory note (12x15 inches) dated July 7, 1807, in which Ephraim Hart, a New York City broker, and his wife Frances, are bound to James C. Roosevelt for three thousand dollars as part of a larger land purchase on Ridge Street. The total purchase price was $6,150.56, with the remaining balance accruing 7% interest. The note is signed by Ephraim Hart, Frances Hart, and Francis Arden on the third page.

First annual publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, 1893. Contains numerous articles on early Jews in America.

Second annual publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, 1894. Contains numerous articles on early Jews in America.

Third Annual Publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, 1895. This volume contains numerous articles on the history of early Jewish communities in America and includes a list of the Society's members. Published in 1895.

A signed receipt from Uriah P. Levy acknowledging payment from J. Geo. Harris of the United States Navy Yard in New York City on May 3, 1855. The receipt mentions Levy's pay from the U.S. Naval Shipyard.

Receipt issued on May 5, 1820, by the National Advocate, a newspaper in New York, New York, to Napthali Phillips for a 36-month subscription. This receipt represents a payment made on May 5, 1820, and covers the subscription period until May 5, 1823. Napthali Phillips was the first Jewish newspaper publisher in the USA.

A signed receipt from Aaron Lopez, a prominent Jewish merchant in Newport, Rhode Island, to William and Samuel Vernon for 250 bushels of salt. Dated April 26, 1771. The Vernons were major slave traders. This receipt provides insight into the commercial activities of Lopez and the interconnectedness of the transatlantic slave trade with other mercantile enterprises in colonial America.

A receipt signed by M. W. Chapman, dated February 25, 1853, in New Orleans, Louisiana. The receipt is made out to Abraham C. Meyers. The receipt documents the shipment of lumber from New Orleans to Corpus Christi, Texas.

A 22-page booklet containing the regulations and by-laws of the First Division, New York State Militia, commanded by Captain F.J. Lewis. Published in New York, New York in 1852. The division had 63 members, 27 of whom had Jewish names.

Newspaper article from the March 9, 1821, edition of the Rhode-Island American and General Advertiser, published in Providence, Rhode Island. The article discusses accusations of bribery against Mordecai Manuel Noah, who denies the charges and has subsequently been appointed Sheriff of New York City.

This pamphlet details the rules and procedures of the Mutual Benefit and Burial Society of New York City, adopted on November 23, 1864 (5625 in the Hebrew calendar). It covers guidelines for actions following the death of a member, including rituals of purification (Taharah) and mourning (Shiva), along with associated prayers. The text is primarily in English, with significant use of Hebrew terms and phrases. Published by The Jewish Messenger in 1865, this pamphlet provides a glimpse into the practices and organizational structure of a 19th-century Jewish mutual aid society in New York City.

Newspaper clipping from the Salem Register, April 7, 1862, featuring a large article on the mourning of the Jewish community following the death of Commodore Uriah P. Levy in New York City. The article was reprinted from the New York Express.

This is a newspaper clipping from the San Francisco Daily Herald, dated March 25, 1854. The clipping features numerous advertisements from Jewish businesses and individuals in San Francisco. Specific advertisers mentioned include J. Eisner, J. Herzberg, J. Brieger, B. Loeb, Roggenburger, M. Oppenheim, B.F. Mose & Brother, Friedlander, and Israel Woolf.

Set of five coin silver teaspoons made by Solomon Ralph Biesenthal of Louisville, Kentucky (1829-1903). Engraved "MF." Marked: "SRBiesenthal." The teaspoons are dated circa 1854. The style correlates with the middle 19th century. Accompanied by an article, "Kentucky's Unknown Story of Jewish Silver," by Gary Dean Gardner, which details the life and work of Biesenthal, including his struggles with antisemitism and financial hardship in antebellum Louisville. The article also discusses the broader context of Jewish silversmiths in the American South and the limited historical documentation available on this community.

Seven Dollar Continental Currency note printed by Hall and Sellers and signed by Benjamin Levy. One of two Jewish signers of Colonial notes. Issued November 2, 1776.

Two-part shipping tag and envelope from Weil Brothers & Co., located at 324-340 East Columbia Street, Fort Wayne, Indiana. The tag is designed for shipping raw furs. Dated circa 1894. The material notes Indiana Jews.

A silver cup presented by Mr. and Mrs. J. Billigheimer to Mr. and Mrs. B. Maretz on their silver wedding anniversary, January 1st, 1867. This cup comes from a collection descended from circa 1840 Jewish settlers in Cincinnati, Ohio—the oldest Jewish community west of Appalachia. The current heirs include the president of an international literary society, who has retired from New Jersey to central Florida. Family and society identity have been withheld by request.

This archival document details the life and career of Simon Bamberger (1846-1926), the second elected Jewish governor in the USA. The document highlights his success as a businessman in Utah, his involvement in establishing a Jewish agricultural colony, and his progressive political career as governor of Utah, elected in 1916. It also discusses the unique relationship between Mormons and Jews in early Utah, emphasizing the symbiotic commercial harmony that existed. The document includes information about Bamberger's early life in Germany, his emigration to America, and his business ventures before entering politics. It also describes his political platform and his legacy as a progressive governor who pushed for workers' compensation, the rights of unions, and other progressive reforms. This document comes from the Library of Congress exhibit in Cincinnati (AJA) in 2005.

Six-dollar Continental Currency note printed by Hall and Sellers on November 2, 1776, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Signed by Benjamin Levy, one of two Jewish signers of colonial notes. The note is part of a larger collection of financial records related to the American Revolution. This particular note is one of two signed by a Jewish signer of colonial notes. The description notes that the signer, Benjamin Levy, was an American merchant, a signer of the Non-Importation Agreement of 1765, and a friend and supporter of Robert Morris and Horatio Gates during the Revolutionary War.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting the Concordia Building in Baltimore, Maryland. The image, part of Chase's National Views series, shows the building which opened in 1865 and was destroyed by fire in 1891. The Concordia Building was a center for Baltimore's German cultural and social activity, with many prosperous German Jewish merchants as members.

Stock transfer sheet for the Northern Liberties Gas Works, the first gas works in the United States. The document is signed and dated December 1, 1852. It details the transfer of stock from Phillips D.H. to Julia Moss, wife of Joseph Moss, son of an early Philadelphia Jewish ship owner and merchant. The document is noted as belonging to a prominent Jewish political figure. Location: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A colored and filled-in baptismal certificate (Taufshine), signed by Martin Wetzler. Dated September 2, 1864. The certificate is notable for being created by a Jewish scrivener, Martin Wetzler, who was a rarity in the Lehigh Valley at that time. Wetzler was known for his knowledge of Hebrew, German, and English; he sometimes included Jewish symbols on Christian certificates.

Broadside outlining the terms of gas service provided by the Charleston Gas Light Company. Signed in print by Joshua Lazarus, President and founder of the company. The broadside is 5" x 7.5" and comprises three pages folded from a single sheet. Published in Charleston, South Carolina, circa 1850.

This book commemorates the 250th anniversary of Jewish settlement in the United States, published in 1905. It contains numerous names and likely details the history and contributions of Jewish communities across the country during this period. The book features photographs and possibly essays or articles related to this significant milestone.

A collection of speeches and articles commemorating the 250th anniversary of Jewish settlement in the United States. Published circa 1906, this volume features contributions from prominent figures of the time. The exact publisher and publication location are unknown.

Bound volume of The American Israelite, a weekly newspaper published in Cincinnati, Ohio, from January 4, 1878, to June 28, 1878. This volume represents issues 1-26 of the newspaper's New Series, Volume 8. It includes advertisements and is bound with a copy of Deborah for the same period. Published by Bloch & Co.

Complete original issue of the Boston Recorder newspaper, published in Boston, Massachusetts on June 10, 1817. This issue contains two significant news reports related to the Jewish community: a lengthy report on the "Boston Jews' Society" and a shorter report titled "Another Converted Jew."

Newspaper issue of The Circular published in Wallingford, Connecticut on February 26, 1866. The front page features an article on Jews, referred to as "The Peculiar People." This newspaper was published by the Oneida Community.

Newspaper issue of The Daily Advertiser, published in New York City on November 23, 1792. Contains numerous advertisements from Jewish merchants.

This book, published by Bloch & Co. in Cincinnati in 1872, contains the daily prayers for American Israelites. It includes 271 pages of prayers, plus an additional 42 pages in the back containing English-only prayers. The book is bound and has an owner's name embossed in gold.

This is a three-part reader, likely for use in schools or families, published in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1883. Authored by Henry Abarbanel, it features narratives about Jewish people throughout history. The reader includes contributions by notable figures such as Emma Lazarus and Samuel M. Isaacs.

First edition of Isaac Marken's *The Hebrews in America: A Series of Historical & Biographical Sketches*. Published by the author in 1888. This book may be the first history book of Jews in America.

Issue of *The Independent Gazetteer, or, The Chronicle of Freedom*, a newspaper published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 6, 1784. This issue includes advertisements, notably one placed by Haym Solomon for an apprentice. Moses Cohen and Benjamin Nones are mentioned as executors of Solomon's estate.

Newspaper published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on August 7, 1784. The newspaper contains advertisements from Haym Salomon and Moses Cohen, a report on the construction of a balloon in Edinburgh, and an obituary for Caesar Rodney.

Partial run of *The Jewish Times*, Volume 1, published in New York, New York, beginning January 1, 1870. This volume is in German and English, and was published by Bloch & Co. The publisher, M. Ellinger, published the newspaper between 1869-1877. This is copy 2 of an old bound volume, and is partial (through issue 51).

A full-page color cartoon from the July 22, 1882, issue of *The Judge* newspaper, depicting an antisemitic caricature of New York City in 1900, titled "The New Jerusalem, Formerly New York." The cartoon satirizes Jewish immigration and depicts a scene on Broadway.

Issue of the New York Clipper newspaper, published in New York, New York, on April 7, 1860. This issue includes an advertisement for Izzy Lazarus's saloon, mentioning Mordecai Lyons's free Saturday night singing, and references to the Aaron brothers, all within the context of the sporting world. The newly published Rules of Baseball are also mentioned.

This item comprises a copy of the popular textbook *The Schoolmaster's Assistant*, printed for Naphtali Judah, and bound with a glued-in broadside advertisement for his bookstore. The broadside showcases Judah's inventory, which may include books, stationery, and other goods. This combined item offers insight into both the educational materials used at the time and the operations of one of the earliest Jewish-owned bookstores in the United States.

Chromolithograph depicting a highly exaggerated Jewish shoemaker and an African American customer. This anti-Semitic print, likely produced between 1881 and 1890 by Currier & Ives, shows a comical scene where the shoemaker falls off his seat as the shoe sole hits him. Published in the United States.

Newspaper issue of The Sun, published in New York, New York, on April 21, 1834. The issue includes a 4 3/4" column on page 2 detailing Mordecai Manuel Noah's attack on the Courier and Enquirer newspaper.

Pamphlet reporting on the trial of Henry Kobler Musselman and Lewis Willman for the murder of Lazarus Zellerbach, a Jewish peddler in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Published in Lancaster, Pennsylvania by Forney, Printer in 1839. The pamphlet includes Kobler's confession to Willman, the Attorney General's speech, and the judge's charge to the jury. Zellerbach, described as a German peddler with limited English proficiency, was found murdered. Musselman was captured in Baltimore and convicted, later executed. Willman, Musselman's servant, turned state's evidence. Fellow Jewish peddlers testified. McDade 708. Cohen 12898. Not in Singerman. OCLC 3211424 [7], as of January 2018. American Imprints records an additional 15 pages after page 56, but all other sources end at page 56.

Tintype photograph of Jacob Hyman. The photograph is undated, but is estimated to date from around 1875.

Tintype photograph of Joseph Lyons, taken circa 1860s. Lyons was born in Poland around 1828, immigrated to New Orleans, Louisiana, married Louisa Horwitz in 1871, and later resided in Marlin and Waco, Texas. He died in Waco on December 20, 1887.

Tintype portrait of Leibman Hirsh, born January 1854 and died June 1865 in Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee. The photograph, dating to circa 1860, shows a clear image of a young Jewish boy. Hirsh is buried in the Temple Cemetery in Nashville. The inscription "Nephew" on his gravestone suggests he may have been an orphan raised by relatives.

This record contains a trade card and a related broadside. The trade card advertises Golding Bros., located at 8th Ave. and 36th St., New York City. The front of the card features imagery suggestive of the late 19th-century athletic scene, possibly depicting strongmen or a sporting event, reflecting the time's social and industrial conflicts. The back of the card is a broadside announcing the "Grand Annual Ball of the Cigarette Makers Association," to be held at Tammany Hall on Saturday, November 12th, 1881. The broadside lists the association's officers: Wm. Rubens (President), Abe Rubens (Secretary), Barney Kommel (Vice President), and Nathan Cohen (Treasurer).

This trade card belonged to Oscar S. Straus. It is a calling card with his name printed on the front. On the back of the card is a handwritten note. The note mentions his brother, Nathan, and refers to a grand jury and persecution. The card includes an address, 42 Warren Street.

Trade card of Uriah Phillips Levy. Printed with "U. STATES NAVY" and handwritten "CAPTAIN". Levy (1792-1862) was a captain in the U.S. Navy, known for abolishing flogging and saving Monticello.

Trade card for the Eagle Clothing House owned by Benj. Witkowski, located at 23 East Main Street, Waterbury, Connecticut. The card depicts a large figure reaching for candy and is copyrighted 1872. The card is circa 1885.

Trade card advertising the business of Isaac Rothschild, a clothier in Davenport, Iowa. The card features a comical owl illustration. Circa 1885.

Trade card advertising J. Kaufmann & Bros., clothiers, located at 83, 85 & 87 Smithfield Street in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The card features a comical illustration and is circa 1885. It is one of a set of three.

Trade card advertising L. Goldberg & Co., a clothing retailer located at 537 Penn Street in Reading, Pennsylvania. The card features an image of a child in a bonnet and the text "NEW ONE PRICE" RELIABLE CLOTHING HOUSE." The reverse side contains a full advertisement. Circa 1885.

This archival object consists of a stock card featuring an advertisement for "Noxall Shirts and Pants." The card's reverse side includes a full-page advertisement for Noxall and an image of a young boy smoking a cigar. Accompanying the card is biographical information about Isaac Lesem, who immigrated to Quincy, Illinois from Bavaria in 1856. The text details his career as a trustee of the Illinois Deaf and Dumb Asylum, his appointment to the Illinois State Board of Education, and his role as a Republican presidential elector-at-large. It also mentions his involvement in establishing the Illinois Soldiers and Sailors' Home in Quincy. The information is contextualized within the history of the B'nai Abraham Congregation in Quincy, established in 1852, and the community's early Jewish settlers. The card is dated circa 1885, based on the context of Lesem's biography.

Trade card advertising S. Cohen & Bro's Philadelphia Shoe Store, located at 163 Locust Street. The card depicts children looking over a wall. The card is undated, but based on genealogical research is circa 1885.

Trade card advertising the clothing, hats, and gentlemen's furnishings business of S. Weil, located at 521 Penn Street in Reading, Pennsylvania. The card features an illustration of a girl and is dated circa 1885. The card is one of two in the collection.

Trade card depicting girls in sepia rowing. The card also features a full advertisement and a puzzle. The card's addresses include 433 Hamshire Street and 432 Broadway, New York. It was exhibited at the Library of Congress exhibit in Cincinnati during 2005. A note indicates that the donor's father was one of the first Jews to settle in Quincy, Illinois. The card is circa 1885.

Two identical trade cards for I. H. Brounstein's Clothing House, located at 13 & 15 North Salina Street in Syracuse, New York. The cards feature a depiction of a girl in a Japanese dress. The backs of the cards are blank. Circa 1885.

Two trade cards for Rosenbaum's Star Clothing House, located at 702 Penn Street, Reading, Pennsylvania. The cards are undated, but are circa 1885. One card features an image of a red bird and flowers; the other depicts flowers tied together with a blue ribbon. The cards are part of the Judaica Americana collection.

This archival item consists of two letters written to Isaac Leeser on a single sheet. The first letter, dated September 4, 1845, is from Abraham Lewis in Cincinnati, Ohio. The second, more substantial letter, dated September 6, 1845, is from Joseph Jonas, also in Cincinnati, to Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Jonas, an English Jew who arrived in Cincinnati in 1817, discusses the challenges of establishing a Jewish Institute in Cincinnati, expressing his disappointment in the 'rude and uneducated' recent German Jewish immigrants. He also mentions charitable contributions made for those affected by the Great Pittsburgh Fire. Jonas's letter further reveals his plea to simplify the content of Leeser's *Occident* magazine to make it more accessible to less educated Jewish readers. This collection offers a rare glimpse into the experiences of early Jewish settlers in the Ohio River Valley and the complexities of the Jewish community in the mid-19th century.

Pair of uncut lottery tickets issued by the Continental Congress on November 18, 1776, to fund the Revolutionary War. Endorsed on the back as paid to Aaron Levy and Andrew Levy. One of the earliest known extant Jewish-American lottery tickets.

Broadside explaining the requisition procedure for supplies in the Union Army. Issued by Philp & Solomons, a Washington D.C. bookstore, circa 1861-1865. The verso includes addresses of officers and an advertisement for Philp & Solomons Metropolitan Bookstore.

Broadside advertising the Union Canal Lottery to be drawn on June 14, 1826. It directs interested parties to Cohen & Brothers Lottery and Exchange Office on South Third Street in Philadelphia for tickets and shares. The broadside also mentions the office in Baltimore and notes that J.I. Cohen & Brothers represented the House of Rothschild in the USA. The broadside further highlights the President of the Baltimore City Council's fight for Jewish rights and the founding of the Bank of J. I. Cohen & Brothers.

A 290-page document from the United States Congressional Record, dated January 1, 1828. This volume lists a comprehensive roster of federal officers, including military personnel, legislators, tariff collectors, land surveyors, consuls, and judges. The list notably includes several individuals with Jewish surnames: Samuel Israel, Nathan Levy, William Isaacs, Naphtali Phillips, and Aaron Phillips.

Watercolor painting by Max Neugas, a Jewish Confederate prisoner of war, depicting a scene at Fort Delaware during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Executed in watercolor and pen and ink on paper, measuring 5 x 8 inches. The watercolor is inscribed on the reverse: "Given to my father by Uncle Ben... P. on his return from imprisonment in 1865. B. Craig Patterson (Drawn by a prisoner)". This piece is one of two watercolors by Neugas from his imprisonment at Fort Delaware from 1863 to 1865. Neugas, born in Germany circa 1836, was a Confederate soldier and artist who, after the war, moved to New York and became a professional artist. The description also includes biographical information about David Mayer and Henry Hirsch, prominent Jewish Confederate soldiers.

This archival item consists of a Western Union envelope addressed to J. Binswanger at 436 Franklin Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, circa 1885. The envelope's contents are not specified. The envelope is associated with Moses A. Dropsie, both individuals being noted for their activity in Jewish affairs. The envelope is part of the collection of Judaica Americana and housed at the University of Pennsylvania.

This book contains the text of an address delivered by Benjamin F. Peixotto before the Young Men's Hebrew Association of New York on February 2, 1887. Entitled "What Shall We Do With Our Immigrants?", the address discusses immigration policy and its impact on immigrant communities. It includes an appendix on "The Jewish Colonies in America" by M. Heilprin and an abstract from an address on "How to Promote Agriculture Among the Jews." Published in New York in 1887.

A whiskey bottle manufactured by Wm. Frank & Sons in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The bottle is molded with the company's name on the bottom. It is an example of early American Jewish glassmaking, circa 1865. William Frank (1819?-1891) was a German-Jewish immigrant who established a successful glass manufacturing business in Pittsburgh, becoming a significant figure in the city's Jewish community.

Certified copy of the will of Amelia B. Lazarus (1825-1906), written in New York, New York on May 13, 1897. This document, along with a companion will of her husband Jacob H. Lazarus, offers insight into the personal lives of this well-known Jewish artist and his wife, both members of wealthy early American Jewish families and aunt and uncle to Emma Lazarus.

A signed and sealed copy of the will of Levy Solomons (the younger), dated September 29, 1820, in Montreal. He is identified as a citizen of Albany, New York. The will details provisions for his wife, Catherine Manuel; his son, Levy Solomons; and a special bequest for his mentally impaired son, Samuel David Solomons. Alexandar Hart of Montreal and Benjamin Hart of Montreal are listed as trustees, along with other trustees in Albany and Montreal. Levy Solomons (Jr.), born in Montreal in 1771, was the son of a prominent fur merchant. After his father's death in 1792, he attempted tobacco manufacturing, then moved to Albany, NY in 1800, marrying in 1801. He became a prosperous tobacco, snuff, and chocolate merchant in Albany, becoming a US citizen shortly before his death in 1823. The will consists of 5 pages, folio, measuring 12 x 7 1/4 inches.