Subject: Jewish American history

First edition of "A Biographical Sketch" by Simon Wolf, published by The Levytype Company in Philadelphia in 1897. This early work by the famous historian focuses on early Jewish Americana.

Second edition of Volume 2 of Isaac Nordheimer's "A Critical Grammar of the Hebrew Language." Published in New York City in 1842. This work is significant as it represents the contributions of one of the first scientifically trained Jewish scholars in the United States. The first edition was published in 1841.

Bound volume of the American Israelite newspaper, edited by Isaac Mayer Wise, encompassing issues from July 10, 1857, to July 21, 1858. Published by Bloch & Co. The volume contains 52 issues and includes numerous advertisements. The newspaper was library-bound and conserved circa 1970. This is an invaluable historical resource.

Bound volume of the American Israelite newspaper, Volume 2, encompassing issues from July 13, 1855, to July 24, 1856. Edited by Isaac Mayer Wise. Published by Bloch & Co. The volume includes numerous advertisements and was library-bound and conserved circa 1970.

A six-page pamphlet cataloging the first four publications of the American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS), issued in Washington City, U.S.A., in 1896. The catalog lists the contents of each publication (AJHS Publications Nos. 1-4, 1893-1896), prices, availability, and includes a list of the society's officers, goals, and an excerpt from its constitution. The pamphlet indicates that only a few copies of the first publication remained at the time of its printing. It contains bibliographical references on pages [4-6]. The original paper wrappers measure 19 cm. OCLC lists only one paper copy (held by Indiana University).

Book detailing the 1822 Yellow Fever epidemic in New York City, including a list of fatalities that names several Jewish individuals. Published in 1822. Mentions Reuben Bunn, Mrs. Napthali Philips, and Samuel Isaacks among those who perished.

Autograph letter signed by Isaac Mayer Wise (1819-1900) written in German to Rabbi Max Landsberg (1845-1927) on the letterhead of *The Israelite & Die Deborah*. The verso contains Landsberg's pencil-written response to Wise. Wise questions Landsberg's signing of a petition against him at the Cincinnati rabbinical conference. The letter includes Landsberg's response. Two pages. Written in Cincinnati, Ohio on July 10th, 1871 and Rochester, NY on July 13th, 1871. Letters fully transcribed and with complete English translation.

Letter - Henry Cohen (Philadelphia Merchant, 1810-79). Autograph Letter Signed. London : 23rd January 1844…. Courtship letter written to his bride-to-be Matilda Samuel (1820-88) of Liverpool. Four pages, including integral address panel along with one-penny postage stamp. Small hole, repair to lower margin of last page. 4to Henry Cohen had come to Philadelphia from England in 1837 and established a wholesale import stationary business there. He met Matilda in 1844 when visiting his family in Liverpool. They promptly married and returned together to America. Settling in Philadelphia, they joined Mikveh Israel, where they both became active in the affairs of the congregation and the greater Jewish community. Mrs. Cohen became close friends with Rebecca Gratz and together they gave their time, energy, and resources to several worthy causes. When the Civil War broke out in 1861, Matilda Cohen became a member of the Women's Branch of the Sanitary Fair Committee. Taking a leadership role, she led Pennsylvania's Jewish women sewing bandages and clothing packing food, nursing soldiers and raising money for military supplies. Under her leadership, two hundred and fifty Jewish women joined the Ladies Hebrew Relief Association for the Sick and Wounded Soldiers. In the midst of the war, in 1864, Matilda Cohen wrote a letter in response to General Benjamin Butler's published account of the capture of five Jews accused of smuggling across the military blockade. Butler had written that he was "from the force of circumstances, unacquainted with any other Israelites than those engaged in the contraband trade". In her remarkable and articulate response, Mrs. Cohen writes: "This is a satisfactory explanation as far as it goes but when I refer you to the history of my people, your intellectual mind will readily perceive the injustice you have done to us. I am a native of England, but America is the land of my adoption, having dwelt here 20 years, my sons and daughters glory in "being natives here and to the manner born". Mr. Cohen is among the earliest member of the Union League, taking a deep interest in the success of the national cause. I have established a Hebrew Women's Aid which cooperates with the U.S. Sanitary Commission and has added many stores for the sick and wounded soldiers. I see a great and glorious future for this century if, at the close of this war it truly proves itself to be the 'Land of the Free' to all races, and to all religions." Henry and Matilda Cohen had nine children. Among them were Charles J. Cohen, who succeeded his father as President of Mikveh Israel in 1879, Mary Cohen who was an accomplished writer, and Katherine Cohen who was a well-known artist. AI SUMMARY: Henry Cohen immigrated from England to Philadelphia in 1837 and quickly established a highly successful business career. Shortly after his arrival, he founded a high-end wholesale stationery enterprise that specialized in envelope manufacturing and foreign imports. During the 1850s and 1860s, the commercial headquarters for this flourishing operation were located at 42 Market Street. Under Philadelphia's older grid numbering system, this specific location later shifted to what is known today as the 500 block of Market Street. When the American Civil War broke out in the 1860s, Cohen's business experienced significant growth. He chose to use his newly acquired wealth to fiercely back the Union cause. As part of these patriotic efforts, he became an early member of Philadelphia's historic Union League. Through this organization, he provided massive financial subscriptions to help fund and equip the Union military.Beyond his commercial success, Henry Cohen and his wife, Matilda, were pillar figures in the early American Jewish community. According to 19th-century historical records—including Henry Samuel Morais' landmark 1894 volume The Jews of Philadelphia—the family maintained a deep commitment to Jewish communal life. They were lifelong, deeply involved members of Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel, one of the oldest and most historic synagogues in the United States, where Henry routinely contributed leadership, resources, and financial support. The Cohens also maintained an elite social and philanthropic partnership with Rebecca Gratz, the famous Jewish-American educator who founded the first Hebrew Sunday School in America. Matilda Cohen was an intimate friend of Gratz and served as her primary co-worker across multiple local Jewish charity organizations. This philanthropic drive extended into the Civil War when Philadelphia hosted the Great Central Fair for the Sanitary Commission. Henry funded and Matilda led the Women's Branch of the Sanitary Fair Committee, where she spearheaded efforts for Pennsylvania’s Jewish women to organize mass sewing circles that crafted essential clothes and blankets for Union soldiers. In addition to wartime relief, historical records show that Henry Cohen acted as a primary benefactor and financial adviser to the early Philadelphia Jewish Foster Home and Orphan Asylum. His leadership helped establish a vital social safety net for arriving Jewish immigrants and orphaned children. Toward the end of his life, Cohen continued his civic dedication by acting as a chief promoter for the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition. His wife served as a highly decorated organizer for the event, ensuring that the civic, cultural, and charitable contributions of the Jewish community were prominently represented on a global stage

Stock certificate for 100 shares of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company stock, issued to Israel Cohen on September 30, 1854. This financial record provides information about Cohen's investment holdings. Additional biographical information about Israel and his father, Benjamin I. Cohen, is included on the document.

Stock certificate for 25 shares in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, issued to Israel Cohen on September 20, 1854. The certificate reflects Cohen's extensive stock brokerage business in Baltimore.

A broadside containing a Bar Mitzvah speech delivered by Jonas B. Phillips to his cousin, Gustavus Pesoa, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in March 1818. This is considered by some to be the earliest printed Bar Mitzvah speech in America.

Billhead from James Levi's business at 688 & 698 Main Street, Dubuque, Iowa, dated October 15, 1883. The billhead may be related to Alexander Levi, potentially his grandson, who is noted as the first Jew in Iowa.

Billhead from Koshland Bros., a fur and wool merchant located at 26 Front Street, Portland, Oregon. Dated October 18, 1876, this billhead indicates a sale of merchandise to Marks. The document's description includes biographical information about Abraham Haas (1847-August 8, 1921), an American businessman and patriarch of the Haas family; details about the founding of Hellman, Haas and Company; and information about the Marks family's business activities in Southern Oregon. Additional information mentions two San Francisco agents, S. & N. Koshland. The billhead was printed by Joe Niles Printer.

Billhead from Koshland Bros., commission merchants, located at 26 Front Street, Portland, Oregon. Dated September 23, 1876. The billhead advertises that Koshland Bros. pay the highest cash prices for wool, furs, and hides. The bill was sold to Samuel Marks and Hyman Wolenberg. According to information provided by Polena Olsen's *Portland Jewish History*, Samuel Marks and Hyman Wolenberg purchased what became Canyonville in 1863 and operated a gristmill and dry goods store. Asher and Solomon Marks, near Grants Pass, owned a sawmill and flume on Mule Creek. The Rogue River Ranch National Historic Site preserves remnants of the nearby town. Two San Francisco agents are listed as S. & N. Koshland. The item was printed by Joe Niles Printer.

Issue of the Boston Magazine from January 1785, published in Boston, Massachusetts. This issue contains a notice regarding the death of Haym Salomon on page 39.

Newspaper clipping from the Boston Recorder, published in Boston, Massachusetts on September 30, 1825. The clipping contains an uncomplimentary report on the laying of the cornerstone for the City of Ararat, fifteen days after the ceremony.

One-page business letter dated February 6, 1884, from L. Frank & Sons in Zanesville, Ohio, to J. Machetauz & Bro. in Matamoras, Ohio. The letter concerns hides, furs, pelts, tallow, rags, and metals. The letterhead features a lithograph or image of a warehouse. Additional information notes L. Frank's burial in Muskingum County, Ohio, at Beth Abraham Jewish Cemetery, and that Julius Frank, a son, died in 1912 and served as a Temple trustee.

Cabinet photograph depicting a mule and colt in a paddock, with a partially obscured man visible. The image is captioned "Mule and colt owned by A. Levy, Walsenburg, Colo." The photographer's credit, "Bunker - Walsenburg, Colorado," is stamped on the front. A pencil inscription on the back reads "Claude and the mule with her colt." The photograph is undated, but likely dates to the late 19th or early 20th century.

Certificate of membership to the New Boston Lodge of the Independent Order Brith Abraham, framed in a carved frame with Jewish motifs. Created circa 1890s in Boston, Massachusetts.

Original charcoal portrait of Frances Noah Hart, executed on October 16, 1840, by Alex Edouard. The 11 x 14 inch portrait depicts a seated Hart at age 82, her shawl and bonnet highlighted with silver. The artist's signature, "ALEX. EDOUART, Fecit OCT. 16'th, 1840," appears in the corner. A label affixed to the back of the frame identifies Hart as the aunt of Major M. M. Noah of New York, wife of Ephraim Hart of New York, and mother of Harriet Judith (wife of Benjamin Hart of Montreal). It notes her death in Montreal in 1843 at age 85 and mentions her as an aunt of Commander Uriah P. Levy, U.S.N. The portrait is housed in its original 15 x 18 bird's-eye maple frame. Accompanying materials include photostats of biographical sketches of Alex Edouard and Ephraim Hart.

Check signed by Haym Salomon (Solomon) to Francisco Rendon, personal representative of Charles III, King of Spain, dated January 21, 1784. This $200 check attests to Salomon's financial assistance to Rendon, similar to his aid to several members of the Continental Congress, including James Madison. Haym Salomon's signatures are rare, and this one may be the only one to appear at public auction in the last ten years. The check was sold on October 18, 2023, at University Archives, Lot #244, for $23,750. Additional information describes Salomon's involvement with the Sons of Liberty, his arrest and escape from the British, his work as a broker and paymaster for French forces, and his crucial financial contributions to the American Revolution, particularly providing $20,000 for George Washington's Yorktown campaign. Salomon passed away in 1785 from tuberculosis, leaving his family in poverty.

Coin silver circumcision shield with a decorative design and the name "E. Rosengarten" on one side. The reverse side bears the Hebrew date "5619" (1859/60). A rare example of a mid-19th-century Jewish-American ritual object. Exhibited in "Tolerance and Identity: Jews in Early New York 1654-1825" at the Museum of the City of New York (May-December 2005), curated by Dr. Debra Waters. Also displayed at the opening of the Museum of American Jewish Heritage in Philadelphia (2010-2011) and in a Jewish history exhibit at the Museum of the City of New York (May-December 2005).

One of ten interest-bearing bearer bonds issued by the City of Philadelphia. This particular bond, dated September 15, 1854, is issued "in trust for K. Goldberg, Joseph Cohen, R. Brunswick, S. Hamerschlay and M. Reese" of Har Nevah Lodge No. 12. The bonds feature illustrations of Philadelphia City Hall, early locomotives, a wharf, George Washington, a cobbler, and Benjamin Franklin. The bond bears the signatures of the City Controller and Treasurer. This collection of bonds were issued to various Jewish organizations and individuals in Philadelphia between the 1850s and 1872, and includes bonds issued to prominent figures such as Joseph L. Moss, Isaac J. Phillips, S. Tobias, S. M. Etting, Philip Nathans, and Aaron J. Seligman. Two bonds are issued to Henry Myer Phillips and Constant Guillon.

Civil War-era trade token issued by Felix Marx and Isaac Ederheimer for their dining saloon located at 256 Broadway in New York City. The token depicts an Indian head on the front and the Hebrew inscription "Felix Kosher" and the saloon's address on the reverse. The saloon operated between 1864 and 1869. Marx and Ederheimer owned several restaurants between 1861 and 1873. The token dates to 1863.

Coin silver serving spoon crafted by Duhme, presented to Mr. and Mrs. B. Maertz from Mrs. L. Sontheimer on their silver wedding anniversary, January 1st, 1867. The spoon features the engraving: 'Mr & Mrs B Maertz from Mrs L Sontheimer, To their Silver Wedding Jany 1st 1867'. Hallmarks include 'DUHME...' The spoon measures 9 inches in length. This piece comes from a collection tracing its provenance to circa 1840 Jewish settlers in Cincinnati, Ohio—the oldest Jewish community west of Appalachia. The current heirs include the president of an international literary society.

This collection comprises three items: two broadsides documenting Liverpool Corn Exchange prices from January 25th and February 8th, 1831, and a periodical, "New-Orleans Wholesale Prices-Current," from April 5th, 1834. The broadsides and the periodical are from the James Maury Collection. The periodical, "New-Orleans Wholesale Prices-Current," was printed by Benjamin Levy. The broadsides and the periodical offer insights into the mercantile activities and price fluctuations in Liverpool, England, and New Orleans, Louisiana, during the early 19th century. The collection also highlights the work of Benjamin Levy, the first Jewish printer in America, and the activities of James Maury, the first consul to Liverpool and merchant.

Collection of approximately 20 documents related to Reform Rabbi Bernard Felsenthal, spanning the 1870s-1890s. Materials are primarily in English and German and include letters to and from Felsenthal, congregational reports from the Chicago Sinai Congregation, a eulogy for Abraham Lincoln, a contract for employment of a new rabbi, and newspaper clippings. Documents vary in size and condition. The collection provides insights into Felsenthal's rabbinical work, his views on Jewish law, and his involvement in community affairs in Chicago during this period. The collection also contains some materials related to his published works, such as articles and reviews.

Collection of eight telegrams sent between April and September 1878 from Yuma to Tucson, Arizona. Most were sent by David Neahr, forwarding agent for L.M. Jacobs & Co., a pioneer Jewish mercantile firm in Tucson, and concern the transfer of goods and money. The telegrams bear the imprint of the War Department, Signal Service U.S.A. They are approximately 5" x 7 3/4" on lined paper.

Commemorative medal honoring Major General Jacob Brown for his victories at Chippewa, Niagara, and Erie in 1814. The obverse depicts Brown in profile, while the reverse features flags, arms, and an American eagle. Created by Moritz Furst, the first Jewish medalist practicing in the USA. This medal was created in 1815. The medal's design recounts Brown's 1814 victories.

Envelope with advertising insert and commercial letter dated September 3, 1856, from L. Samuel to Henry Cohen, with a copy to B.S. Cohen. The letter refers to Henry Cohen, a well-known businessman in stationery supplies who also imports goods from his family firm in London. Henry Cohen is identified as the father of Mary Cohen, and the family is noted for its involvement in Jewish affairs in Philadelphia and Maryland. The family is described as very wealthy.

A one-page commercial letter (October 2, 1851) written by M. E. Levy from Pilatka, Florida, concerning land in Levy County. The letter was addressed to George R. Tarrbaud. Moses E. Levy (1782-1854) was a pioneer Jewish settler in Florida, known for his visionary approach to Jewish colonization and educational initiatives. Signed documents by this prominent figure are rare.

Testimony from the Congressional Record concerning the bankruptcy of the German National Bank of Chicago in 1879. The document mentions numerous Jewish names and details the involvement of David S. Greenbaum and Henry Greenbaum. The description also notes the context of the Panic of 1877 and the role of Greenbaum in raising the Concordia Guards, a Jewish Civil War company, and his involvement in selling bonds to Europeans for Chicago's post-Great Fire (1871) rebuilding efforts. The archival material is located in Arc.MS.56, Box 2.

Art Deco-style copper or copper-plated tray presented as an award. The tray commemorates the 300th anniversary of Jewish settlement in New York (1654-1954) and bears the inscription "Emma Lazarus Award". The recipient of the award is unknown.

Copy of a deed, dated July 31, 1830, and copied November 15, 1851, concerning the transfer of land in Haines Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania, from Simon Gratz to Jacob Spangler and Jacob Bollinger. The deed includes a map referencing several Gratz parcels, including one owned by Hyman Gratz.

Deed from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to Moses Levy for 1000 acres of Indian land east of the Allegheny River. Document number 5079, signed by Thomas Mifflin. Dated February 4, 1794, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Four-page deed in folio format (each page 12-1/2"h x 8"w) from Benjamin Seixas and his wife, Zipporah, to Isaac Moses, dated June 14, 1793. Witnessed by Simon Nathan. All parties signed except Moses. Benjamin Seixas, brother of Gershom Mendes Seixas, was a founder of the New York Stock Exchange, a member of the NY Militia, and engaged in privateering with Isaac Moses. Seixas was prominent in Jewish affairs and worked as a saddler and later an auctioneer. Isaac Moses (1742-1818) was a large-scale merchant who operated out of Philadelphia during the British occupation of New York. He was a prominent merchant-shipper and blockade-runner, whose firm, Isaac Moses & Company, later became Isaac Moses & Sons. The document is part of the collection of Judaica Americana.

Deed of Trust signed by Moses (as Trustee) and Godfrey (sealed as Notary) Syndacker, dated September 22, 1874, in Chicago, Illinois. The deed involves the Syndacker brothers' banking and real estate business, Snydacker and Co., and Abraham Meyer. Godfrey Syndacker (1826-1892) was a prominent Chicago businessman and community leader.

Deed of sale for a city lot in Chicago, Illinois, from Meyer Sandler and his wife, Mary, of Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Lazarus Silverman. The transaction took place on November 17, 1881, for a sum of $2,500.

Deed transferring property in Aaronsburg, Pennsylvania from Simon Gratz to an unnamed party. The deed notes that the land was originally purchased by Simon Gratz from Aaron Levy on July 24, 1792. Edward Gratz signed as attorney for Simon Gratz. Dated July 10, 1827.

Volume 40, Copy 1, of Der Israelite, a German-language Jewish newspaper published by Bloch & Co. This is a sister publication to The Israelite. Published on July 5, 1894.

Advertising envelope from R. Vogel & Bro. wholesale clothing store in Keokuk, Iowa, addressed to B.M. Jacobs in Tucson, Arizona Territory. The envelope features an advertisement for the business located at 66 Main Street, Keokuk, Iowa. The date is estimated to be circa the 1870s, a period when Keokuk had a significant Jewish population.

This archive contains a collection of financial documents spanning from 1870 to 1948, primarily related to Simon and Mary Lewy, Jewish merchants in Eufaula, Alabama. The collection includes loan documents, balance sheets, mortgages, and tax receipts, offering insights into the Lewys' business activities and financial dealings. Specific documents include a loan from Solomon Lewy to Simon Lewy (1870), three complete balance sheets from the 1880s, numerous loan documents from 1890 to 1904, several poll tax receipts (circa late 1890s), and approximately ten documents from the 1940s concerning local taxes. The collection provides a valuable glimpse into the financial life of a Jewish merchant family in a small Southern town. Notable documents include a mortgage between Simon and Mary Lewy and an illegible seller (possibly J. G. Guire) dated December 30, 1890; a mortgage between Mary Lewy et al. and an illegible seller (possibly J. G. Guire) dated December 30, 1890; documentation of a loan taken out by Simon Lewy from the Eufaula Building and Loan Association for $2,000 on April 17, 1875; and a mortgage between Simon and Mary Lewy and A. Friedlander & Co. dated March 30, 1886. The collection comprises over 50 documents.

First American edition of Elizabeth Rowe's *Friendship of Death*, originally published in 1728. This edition, published in New York by Tiebout & O'Brien for Benjamin Gomez in 1795, is noted as the only known American copy. Samuel Johnson described Rowe as "the earliest English writer to employ with success `the ornaments of romance in the decoration of religion."

Newspaper clipping from the *Gazette of the United States*, Philadelphia, dated December 18, 1790. Features a letter written by Manuel Josephson on behalf of the Hebrew Congregations of Philadelphia, New York, Charleston, and Richmond to President George Washington, along with Washington's reply. This clipping is in mint condition and is noteworthy because American Jewish congregations sent separate congratulatory letters to Washington upon his inauguration, rather than a unified letter. This particular letter from Philadelphia is significant within the context of other similar letters sent from Newport, Rhode Island, and Savannah, Georgia. A book published in 1797 containing official correspondence between Washington and various Jewish communities included the Newport and Philadelphia letters, but not the Savannah letter. A similar *Gazette* clipping (June 19, 1790, featuring the Savannah letter) sold for $12,300 at auction in 2010.

Published by the Hebrew Publishing Company, located at 122-128 Leonard Street, New York City. Publication date is estimated to be January 1, 1902, based on metadata provided. Further details about the content and nature of the publication are not available.

Handwritten invitation signed by Dr. Herbert Friedenwald to attend a History Club meeting at his home, 915 N. 16th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 15 (undated, estimated 1895 based on biographical information). Judge Samuel W. Pennypacker was to be the speaker at the meeting.

Broadside invitation to the inaugural dinner of the B'nai Jeshurun Educational Institute, a college preparatory school for American Jewish children, held at the Chinese Assembly Rooms on Broadway, New York, New York, in 1863. The invitation also announces a dedication ceremony at the adjoining synagogue. It lists the board members with their addresses, including Commodore Uriah P. Levy and Captain Jonas Phillips Levy.

Invitation to the opening of the new building of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, issued by the Philadelphia Stock Exchange for Moses A. Dropsie on June 29, 1876. The invitation is a printed card.

A legal invoice from Samuel Chase, signer of the Declaration of Independence, to Mark Pringle, dated June 29, 1790. The invoice details legal services rendered in October 1788 on behalf of Isaac Moses, Samuel Myers, and Moses Myers, prominent early American Jewish merchants. The document is twice signed by Samuel Chase and includes details of the civil actions involving the merchants.

This four-page manuscript (8 x 10 inches) is a translation by Isaac Leeser of a letter dated September 13, 1849, from Rabbi Joseph Schwarz in New York to Leeser. The original letter, written in German, was a solicitation for funds for the Israelites in Palestine. This is considered an early example of a broad appeal to American synagogues for philanthropic support of Palestine, foreshadowing later large-scale organizations like the United Jewish Appeal. Leeser's translation includes notations about printing a broadside with accompanying certificates (200 copies planned). The original broadside was possibly never printed, making this translation a unique record of this early appeal. The letter details the history of Jewish presence in Palestine, the hardships faced, and the need for a permanent relief fund. Signatories include Rabbi Joseph Schwarz and Rabbi Zadok Levy. The manuscript is located in Arc.MS.56, Box 4, Folder 6.

Two manuscript notebooks containing theological polemics written by Jacob Mordecai (1762-1838), a prominent American Jew. The notebooks, spanning approximately 156 pages, present Mordecai's arguments defending Judaism against Christianity. They include personal reflections, letters to Christians, and biblical passages used as proof texts. The content offers insight into the thought processes of a significant American Jewish figure in the early 19th century. The notebooks were purchased from the Harry Rinker collection of manuscripts. The first notebook is numbered page 1-81. The second notebook is numbered pages 81-156 (page 81 may be a repetition). The notebooks are undated but likely predate 1820 based on the topical relevance of the content in relation to the writings of Joseph Priestly. The material is written in English and Hebrew. The notebooks are held at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries, MS 56, Codex 035.1, v. 1 & v. 2.

Check drawn on L. M. Jacobs & Co., one of the first Arizona Jewish bankers, dated August 1, 1878, and endorsed by C. L. Metzger on September 1, 1878. The check was issued in Tucson, Arizona.

A bifolium broadside issued by Lazard Frères & Co. on March 31, 1884, announcing the appointment of Eugene Arnstein as a partner in their New York City office. The broadside also lists the firm's offices in London and Paris and specifies the banks on which the firm draws. One page displays Arnstein's signature for authentication.

Ledger sheet detailing accounts of Moses Franks, Aaron Levy, J. Simon, Henry Marks, Simon Gratz, Reuben Etting, and Samuel Hays. Henry Marks is possibly Zvi Hirsch Marks, brother of Levy Lipman Marks, born in England in 1726 and died in Charleston in 1809. The entries span February 16, 1795 to March 19, 1795. The sheet measures 5/8" and consists of four pages folded from 10" x 8". The ledger sheet is from the Gratz Collection in Canada, Nathan Family Archive.

This archival collection contains three documents related to the legal case *Simon Wolf v. Chas. P. Marsh* in the Supreme Court of California, dating back to 1866 but with court proceedings in 1880. The case involved a promissory note dispute over money owed to Simon Wolf by Chas. P. Marsh, contingent on the profitability of Marsh's coal mines. The collection includes the Transcript on Appeal (66 pages), Points and Authorities on behalf of the Appellant (12 pages), and Respondent's Points and Authorities (12 pages). All documents are in their original printed wrappers and are described as being in very good condition. Simon Wolf, known as the "Pioneer Master Merchant of Contra Costa County, California," won the initial trial, and this collection represents the appellate phase of the case.

This archival collection contains three documents related to the legal case *Simon Wolf, Plaintiff and Respondent, vs. Chas. P. Marsh, Defendant and Appellant*, heard in the Supreme Court of California in 1880. The case, which originated in 1866, involved a promissory note dispute concerning a coal mine on Marsh Ranch. The collection includes a 66-page Transcript on Appeal, a 12-page document titled *Points and Authorities on behalf of Appellant*, and a 12-page *Respondent's Points and Authorities*. All three documents are in their original printed wrappers. Simon Wolf, the plaintiff, was a prominent merchant known as the "Pioneer Master Merchant of Contra Costa County, California."

Fragment of a letter, approximately 8 inches by 4 inches, written by Isaac Leeser to George Barnard. The fragment constitutes the final page of a longer letter, with writing present on both sides. The main body appears to be an article Leeser wishes to have published, followed by a postscript (P.S.) containing a private note. Date unknown.

Fragment of a letter written by Isaac Leeser to L. Jacobs on February 8, 1856, in Charleston, South Carolina. This is the eighth and final page of a diatribe against Jacobs's antagonist, characterized by poetic language. The letter includes Leeser's signature and date. It was discovered among other papers belonging to Leeser.

One-page letter written by A. Fromenfeld to Isaac Leeser on April 20, 1862, from Pittsburgh. The letter includes an advertisement inserted by Fromenfeld. The back of the letter contains handwriting that appears to be Leeser's, listing subscribers/agents with the number of copies, including J. Seligman in San Francisco. A note in Yiddish is also present.

Commercial letter written and signed by Aaron Lopez in Leicester, Massachusetts, on December 31, 1779, to Phillip Savage. The letter expresses an apology for a previous error. Lopez died in an accident on May 28, 1782.

Letter from Abraham Cohn to Col. L. D. Mason, military agent of New Hampshire, dated February 20, 1865, in Washington, D.C. Cohn informs Mason of his return to active duty on February 12, 1865. The letter also mentions Cohn's actions at the Battles of the Wilderness and Petersburg during the American Civil War.

A single-page letter written by Abraham Goldschmidt on May 7, 1865, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia. Goldschmidt, writing from St. Louis, Missouri, thanks Leeser for past kindness and describes his involvement with a group of eight singers performing Hebrew readings. He also mentions losing a handkerchief at the Market Hotel and requests Leeser's assistance in retrieving it. The letter displays unique spelling, grammar, and sentence structure.

This archival collection contains a three-page letter written by Alfred Cromelien to Col. Alexander Biddle in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 1, 1894. Cromelien, a Jewish Civil War veteran, details his financial hardship and requests a $100 loan. A notation on the letter's back suggests the loan should be given with repayment contingent on improved circumstances. The collection also includes an envelope addressed to L. Guggenheim in Virginia City, Nevada, postmarked November 5, 1897. Cromelien served in the Civil War and was a member of the Loyal Legion of the United States.

Two-page letter written in German on May 20, 1842, from August Belmont in New York City to his brother-in-law, Stephan Feist, in London. Belmont, a prominent banker and U.S. chargé d'affaires, discusses personal matters with Feist, the husband of Belmont's sister.

A business letter dated May 18, 1882, from Berkson Bros., wholesale grocers in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Co. in Rheims, New York. The letter provides insight into the wholesale grocery trade in New Orleans at the time. The letter mentions Simon Berkson's service in the Civil War and his involvement in Jewish community affairs.

Two-page letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Isaac Leeser in Baltimore, Maryland on January 17, 1826. Judah discusses business commissions, a trip down the James River to Norfolk, and travel plans to Philadelphia. The letter provides details of Judah's activities and social interactions, offering insights into daily life in the early 19th century.

A three-page business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, on June 4, 1826, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City. The letter discusses the poor business climate in Richmond, Judah's financial situation, and the prospects of a merchant named Isaac. It also includes personal reflections on his workload and social commentary on the economic situation.

Stampless letter from Edward Johnson Etting in Philadelphia to Reuben B. Valentine in Baltimore, dated April 2, 1829. The letter discusses the iron market, specifically rod and bar iron prices, and the challenges of selling iron. It also includes personal and family greetings. The cover is postmarked "PHIL 2 APR" and addressed to "Mr. Reuben B. Valentine Now at Baltimore."

Two-page letter written by Emanuel Sampson to Reverend Isaac Leeser on July 19, 1847, from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sampson recounts a charitable act by Joseph Andrews in Memphis, Tennessee, who provided a burial plot for Sampson's deceased son and suggests that this act be reported in the Occident.

A one and one-half page personal letter from Hannah Dyer to Isaac Leeser, written in Galveston, Texas on January 20, 1855. Dyer expresses gratitude to Leeser for publishing memorials in *The Occident*, comments on Leeser's western trip, and mentions an upcoming visit to Philadelphia. This letter represents scarce early Jewish Texicana. Hannah Dyer was the sister of Texas patriot Leon Dyer and married Henry Symonds. The Dyer siblings were early settlers of Galveston (1830) and close friends of Isaac Leeser.

A one-page letter written by Henry Labatt in New Orleans, Louisiana to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on August 1, 1848. The letter details Labatt's book business, including a book request from Juda Touro and his 10% commission.

A letter written by Henry M. Phillips to John Rumsey on April 13, 1858, in Washington, D.C., concerning the Pennsylvania Railroad. Phillips approves the minutes of the railroad board. Phillips was a prominent Philadelphia lawyer and the first Jewish person elected to Congress from Philadelphia; he was also a member of the Sephardic Congregation Mickve Israel.

A letter written by Henry M. Phillips to John Rumsey on April 13, 1858, expressing disapproval of a Pennsylvania Railroad motion. Phillips, a prominent Philadelphia lawyer and the first Jewish Philadelphian elected to Congress, was a member of the Pennsylvania Railroad board. The letter is addressed to John Rumsey, Secretary of the Board of Directors of the Pennsylvania Railroad.

A letter written by Isaac A. Isaacs to I. M. Singer & Co. on January 14, 1862, in Cleveland, Ohio. The letter concerns a dispute and includes a lithograph of the store.

Autograph letter signed by Isaac Harby, written in Charleston, South Carolina on May 5, 1826, to E. P. Cohen. The letter discusses the historical arguments for not wearing a head covering in the temple, representing an early American document in the history of Reform Judaism. Harby, a key figure in the early American Reform movement, presents his own research and interpretation of scripture on this topic.

Four-page letter from Isaac Hart in New Orleans, Louisiana to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated November 26, 1856. Hart expresses sympathy for Leeser's lack of appreciation and discusses the growing influence of other Jewish publications. This letter provides insight into the personal challenges faced by Leeser and the development of Jewish life in New Orleans.

A letter written in German by Isaac Leeser on June 25, 1854, in Baltimore, Maryland. The recipient's name is undecipherable.

A three-page letter written by Isaac Leeser to Solomon Nunes Carvalho on August 23, 1852, discussing details of local events and offering advice on handling attacks against Leeser in the *Asmonean*, a Jewish periodical. The letter highlights Leeser's involvement in religious controversies and the support he received from his friends.

A two-and-a-half-page letter written by Isaac Leeser to his uncle, Zalma Rehine, on January 5, 1836. From Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Leeser vividly describes his duties as Hazan at Mikveh Israel. The letter was sent to Rehine in care of Judah Block in Baltimore, Maryland.

A three-page letter written by Isaac Leeser to his uncle, Zalma Rehine, on May 1, 1837, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, discussing family matters, the economic impact of the Panic of 1837 on Jewish businessmen, and business dealings. The letter offers insights into the personal and professional life of Isaac Leeser and the economic climate of the time.

A two-and-a-half-page letter written by Isaac Mayer Wise from Albany, New York, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, circa 1850. Wise sharply criticizes an article in Leeser's *Occident* magazine, written by someone identified only as "Truth." The letter includes a detailed critique of "Truth's" understanding of Jewish history, religious practice, and the role of the *Occident*. Wise's writing style is sarcastic and displays his intellectual prowess. He discusses the importance of history as a source of revelation and challenges "Truth's" interpretation of the Talmud. The letter also includes comments on the Charleston, South Carolina Synagogue and the Chasidic movement. Wise requests that his letter be published in the *Occident*. The letter is a historically significant document providing insight into the internal debates within the American Jewish community of the mid-19th century.

A one-page letter, approximately 7-7/8" x 9-3/4", written in German and English, from Isaac Wolf in Fort Wayne, Indiana to Jacobs, Mayers & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 29, 1847. The letter discusses business matters, mentions other Jewish individuals, and includes a Fort Wayne, Indiana cds postmark. A small area of paper loss is present on the address panel.

A one and a half page letter written in German (with English translation) from Isidor Bush in New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated February 16, 1849. Bush apologizes to Leeser for starting a competing Jewish weekly newspaper, *Israel's Herald*, expressing concern about its impact on Leeser's *The Occident*. Bush discusses the newspaper's short-lived existence and his subsequent move to St. Louis.

A one and one-quarter page letter, written in German with a translation, from Isidor Bush in St. Louis, Missouri to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 6, 1857. Bush requests Leeser to review an article and includes personal commentary.

One-page letter written by Israel Cohen, a Baltimore stockbroker, to D. Claude in Annapolis, Maryland, on October 19, 1857. The letter discusses Maryland stocks and a financial transaction. Cohen's stationery identifies him as a "Stock, Bill and Note Broker."

A two-and-a-half-page letter written by Jacob Henry Joseph on October 31, 1853, from Montreal, Canada, to Reverend Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Joseph critiques Leeser's actions and personality. The letter provides insight into the relationship between the two men and the Jewish community in North America during the mid-19th century.

This letter, dated January 11, 1853, was written by Jacob Seligman, Librarian of the Hebrew Young Men's Literary Association in New York City, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia. Seligman encloses three dollars for a subscription to Leeser's *The Occident* and inquires about the publication date of Leeser's new Bible edition. The letter is part of a collection of nine letters.

A one-page, signed letter dated August 28, 1785, written in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by James Monroe to Bernard Gratz. Monroe, a member of the Continental Congress at the time, thanks Gratz for his efforts in obtaining cash but notes he has found another source.

Two-page letter from Jesse Joseph in Montreal, Quebec, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated March 19, 1848. Joseph discusses personal matters, including a potential romantic relationship, and mentions a recent marriage within the Solomon family. The letter provides insight into the personal life of Jesse Joseph, contrasting with his public image as a lifelong bachelor.

A one-page letter written in German (with an English translation) from Jonas Goldsmith in Baltimore, Maryland to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 7, 1861. Goldsmith requests a subscription at half price, referencing a similar offer made by Dr. Wise to educators.

Two-page letter written by Jonathan Judah to I.H. & I. Riker on May 17, 1870, concerning the sale of property in New York City. Judah is also listed as a subscriber to Isaac Leeser's *Discourses, Argumentative and Devotional, on the Subject of the Jewish...*

One-page, stampless letter concerning legal matters from Joseph Jacobs of the firm Jacob Levi & Jacobs in New York City to Henry Myer Phillips in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated March 6, 1855.

Two-page letter written by L. M. Plant of Evansville, Indiana, to Isaac Leeser on April 8, 1861. Plant requests Leeser to publish an advertisement soliciting donations for the construction of the first synagogue in Evansville. Plant's postscript suggests Leeser is authorized to collect the funds raised through the advertisement. The letter indicates that the Civil War delayed the synagogue's construction, which was completed shortly after the war's end. The B'Nai Israel congregation in Evansville was formed in 1857 by German immigrants.

A single-page letter written by L.C. Lee of London, England, to Samuel Etting in Baltimore, Maryland, dated January 25, 1858. The letter is part of the Etting/Carvalho Archive in the Beit Yisrael Sefardi collection.

A letter written by M. Eisig of "M. Eisig's One Price Clothing Store" in Three Rivers, Michigan, dated September 22, 1882. The letter concerns a legal matter addressed to Judge Brown. M. Eisig was a founder and secretary of Temple B'nai Israel in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Two-page letter written by Mayer Sulzberger to Simon Muhr on June 22, 1880, on Mayer Sulzberger's letterhead (6th & Chestnut, Philadelphia, PA). The letter contains political commentary, specifically regarding Ulysses S. Grant's bid for a third term as President. It is one of four letters written to Muhr while he was traveling abroad.

A one-page letter from Mendes Kursheedt to Isaac Leeser dated May 1, 1854, concerning the $3,000 bequest from Judah Touro for charitable distribution. The letter was written in New Orleans, Louisiana and discusses the largest bequest to Jewish causes at that time, facilitated by the Kursheedt brothers with Leeser's guidance.

Letter written by Michael Lazarus to Shubael Hutchins in Providence, Rhode Island, on July 30, 1846, from Charleston, South Carolina. Lazarus expresses disappointment with the price Hutchins received for selling cotton and discusses current market prices.

An 8.5" x 14" letter written and signed by Mordecai Manuel Noah on October 22, 1834, in New York City. The letter is a review of the play "The Merchant of Florence," performed at the Bowery Theatre in New York City. The letter was originally folded and placed inside a leather notebook containing the handwritten manuscript of the play (also part of this collection). Noah's multifaceted career as a playwright, theater owner, critic, and newspaper owner suggests various motivations for writing this review. This item is part of a larger collection of materials related to Mordecai Manuel Noah, a prominent Jewish figure in 19th-century America, notable for his attempt to establish a Jewish homeland at Grand Island, Niagara River, named "Ararat."

A one-page lithographed letter dated March 1, 1845, from Mordecai Manuel Noah to George Folsom. The letter discusses Noah's involvement in the publication of "The National Volume," a proposed anthology of works by prominent American writers. The letter includes details about the publishers, C. Wells & Co., and the intended scope and timeline of the project. The letter is postmarked New York City, March 27, 1845, and addressed to Folsom in Albany, New York. The signature and date are in Noah's hand.

Three-page letter from Oscar S. Straus, United States Ambassador to Turkey, to Dr. Meyer Kayserling, dated October 11, 1899. Written on United States Legation letterhead, the letter discusses Straus's plan to resign his ambassadorship.

Autograph letter from P. Levi to Isaac Leeser, dated January 7, 1840. Written from New York, New York, the letter requests the return of letters previously sent to Leeser. The letter is sent via unstamped cover.

Business letter from the Philadelphia and Atlanta Wine and Liquor Co. in Atlanta, Georgia, to Moses Aaron Dropsie in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated May 27, 1870. The letter concerns a suit that Dropsie declines to represent.

Letter from Pierre van Paassen, National Chairman, to Erwin Piscator, dated October 23, 1942. The letter concerns Piscator's involvement with the Committee for a Jewish Army of Stateless and Palestinian Jews and invites him to rejoin the advisory board. Van Paassen notes Piscator's position as director of the theater at the New School for Social Research. The letter is part of the Erwin Piscator Papers.

A three-page letter written by R. D. Leevier in New York City on April 10, 1866, to Isaac Leeser. Leevier, who had been referred to Leeser by Mr. Sternberger, seeks Leeser's assistance in finding an appointment as a Hazan or teacher. He mentions his previous correspondence with Leeser, his editorship of a literary periodical called 'The Guide,' and his acquaintances with prominent figures such as Rev. Dr. Raphall, Isaacs, and Lyons. Leevier also details his job search efforts in various cities, including Boston.

A one-page letter written by Raphael J. De Cordova on September 25, 1868, from New York, New York, to Mr. Lockport in Lockport, New York. De Cordova refuses a request to alter the financial terms of a lecture.

Four-page letter dated August 22, 1830, from Rebecca Gratz and Miriam Gratz Moses to Maria Gist Gratz in Lexington, Kentucky. Rebecca Gratz's portion details family matters and a trip to West Point, Saratoga Springs, and New York City. Miriam Gratz Moses's portion continues the correspondence on the letter flaps.

Two-page letter written by Rebecca Gratz to her brother, Joseph, urging him not to leave home and to consider their aging parents. Written in haste and under duress, with numerous corrections, it reveals her common sense even in stressful times. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, circa 1805. This letter predates the known collection of Rebecca Gratz's letters, published in 1929, and offers intimate details not found elsewhere.

Three-page stampless letter from Rebecca Gratz in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Miss Sarah Ann Minis in Savannah, Georgia, dated April 7, 1834. The letter discusses family affairs one month before Sarah's marriage to Dr. Isaac Hays.

A two-page letter and a separate cover addressed to Captain Mordecai Myers at Fort Niagara, New York, from Robert Brent, the first Mayor of Washington, D.C., dated May 18, 1813. The letter concerns money owed to the United States for recruiting expenses. The letter and cover were received shortly before the Battle of Fort George (May 25, 1813), during the War of 1812. The letter measures 8" x 10", the cover 8" x 10" open and 5 1/2" x 3 1/4" when folded. The cover has a light "FREE" stamp and another partially legible postmark.

A one-page business letter written on Wells Fargo & Company letterhead from S. Marks to Asher Marks in Roseburg, Oregon, dated March 29, 1869. The letter was written from the company's Canyonville, Oregon office and includes a North Canyonville, Oregon postmark. The letter is housed in a cover opened at the flap.

Three-page letter written by S. Wolff in Mobile, Alabama, on February 7, 1857, to Isaac Leeser. Wolff expresses sympathy regarding Leeser's financial difficulties and offers assistance, remitting $500. The letter offers insight into Leeser's financial struggles and Wolff's role as the Occident's agent in Alabama.

A one-page stampless letter dated August 10, 1847, from Samuel Hecht in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, to Jacob, Mayers & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Hecht encloses a payment of $20.00 on a note and requests the note be held until his next visit to Philadelphia. The letter bears a red "POTTSTOWN/Pa." postmark and a red "5" rate handstamp.

A letter dated December 10, 1817, from Samuel Pettigrew in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Caleb Taylor, a druggist in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pettigrew orders various drugs and encloses $200, utilizing a method to protect the money from theft during transit. The letter provides insight into the commercial transactions and security practices of the time.

This letter, dated November 1, 1855, was written by the postmaster in San Francisco, California to Isaac Leeser. The postmaster informs Leeser that eight copies of the *Occident*, a newspaper, were not picked up by Leeser's subscribers. The names of the subscribers are: I. & S. Mayer, S. Simon, H.W. Stein, Leopold Jacobs, E. Lindberg, A. Hess, and I. Fleischbacker. The letter provides a glimpse into the complexities of newspaper distribution during the California Gold Rush.

A three and three-quarter page letter written on July 29, 1838, from Sarah Minis Hays and Rebecca Gratz in Philadelphia to Richea Gratz Hays in Baltimore, Maryland. The letter discusses family matters. Sarah Minis Hays' portion comprises three pages, while Rebecca Gratz's contribution is found on the final quarter page.

A letter dated July 25, 1843, from Secku Meylert in Montrose, Pennsylvania, to John M. Read in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter includes a copy of a letter Meylert received from Christian Kunckel regarding a rejected business proposition and a proposed meeting in Wilkes Barre to settle the dispute. Meylert also updates Read on his travel plans.

Two-page letter written by Dr. Sigismund Waterman to Isaac Leeser on July 19, 1849, in New York, New York. Waterman sharply criticizes Leeser's personal attacks and handling of debate, questioning Leeser's journalistic ethics and fairness. Waterman, the first Jewish medical graduate from Princeton, discusses his role as translator and future plans. The letter is marked as strictly confidential.

A one-page letter written by Solomon Nunes Carvalho to Isaac Leeser on October 15, 1851, from Charleston, South Carolina. Carvalho details his incapacitation due to a boil, apologizes for delayed correspondence, relays a book order, and concludes due to his illness. This letter is one of five in the collection showcasing the correspondence between these two prominent figures in the American Jewish community.

A one-and-a-half-page letter from Solomon Nunes Carvalho to Isaac Leeser, dated September 2, 1852, in Charleston, South Carolina. Carvalho discusses an interpretation of Maimonides for a proposed article in *The Occident* and offers opinions on other scholarly articles sent to Leeser. The letter was written shortly before Carvalho embarked on the Frémont Western Expedition.

Four-page letter written by Solomon Nunes Carvalho to Isaac Leeser on September 7, 1851, from Charleston, South Carolina. Carvalho, a prominent supporter of Leeser, offers advice and strategies to refute accusations against Leeser, mentioning specific individuals and events. He also discusses Isaac Wise and predicts his future obscurity. This letter provides significant insight into the tumultuous period surrounding Leeser's break with Isaac Mayer Wise.

A short, neatly penned letter from Sophia Tobais in New York, dated November 7, 1849, to Isaac Leeser. Tobais advises Leeser that she is sending a report of the Ladies Sewing Association and asks if he deems it worthy of publication in his periodical. The letter shows slight fading but is otherwise in excellent condition. The letter is addressed to Reverend Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, with the second page indicating that postage was paid.

Letter from the Alliance Israélite Universelle in Paris, France, to Simon Wolf, dated January 4, 1870. Written in French on Alliance stationery, the letter discusses the suffering of coreligionists in Romania. Simon Wolf was a noted attorney and activist in worldwide Jewish affairs, known for his work to rescind Grant's Order No. 11.

A single-page letter on the letterhead of the West Philadelphia Passenger Railway Company, dated January 23, 1873, sent to Moses Aaron Dropsie. The letter informs Dropsie of an annual pass and mentions a supplement in the Pamphlet Laws of 1865. The letterhead features an illustration of the company's headquarters and railway station.

Handwritten letter from Theodore Leon of New Orleans, dated September 30, 1860, addressed to Isaac Leeser, editor of the Occident in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Leon requests the discontinuation of the Occident's subscription for Edward Leon, who has resided in Europe since 1859. The letter provides details regarding the change of address and emphasizes the need to cease sending the publication to Edward Leon's former address.

A two and three-quarters page letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond on February 21, 1822. Tobias expresses concern over the lack of received balance sheets from Judah and notes an increase in the profit share allocated to his brother, Isaac Tobias, to 50%.

A letter written by William Frank of the Frankstown Glass Works in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, on June 20, 1868. The letter concerns enclosed invoices and a bill of lading.

A one-page letter written by Zalma Rehine from Baltimore, Maryland, on January 15, 1833, to Isaac and Jacob Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter offers advice and encouragement to Jacob, who had recently immigrated to America, urging him to learn English and conduct himself well in business. It also mentions potential business contacts for Jacob. This letter provides insight into family relationships and the experiences of early Jewish immigrants in the United States.

A letter written by Zalma Rehine in Baltimore, Maryland to his nephew Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on August 7, 1835. Rehine discusses family matters, including David's (possibly Judah's) rheumatic pain and his upcoming vacation with his wife at Berkeley Springs, near Warrenton, Virginia.

A letter written on Pinto Leite & Nephews letterhead, introducing Mayer Sulzberger. The letter was sent from an illegible sender to an illegible recipient in London, England on June 26, 1880.

This letter, dated September 8, 1829, is a brief communication from Isaac Leeser to the Elections Committee of the Congregation Mikdash Israel (K.K.M.I.) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In it, the young Leeser formally accepts his election as Hazan (cantor) of the congregation. He expresses awareness of the responsibilities of the position and his potential shortcomings but vows to diligently fulfill his duties. Leeser's acceptance marks a significant moment in the early development of American Judaism, foreshadowing his later influence on the religious landscape.

Lithograph depicting Moss's Upholsterer store located at 127 Walnut Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This is possibly the earliest known image of a Jewish-owned store in the USA and may be from the earliest known use of lithography in the US. The lithograph is a leaf from a larger book.

Lottery ticket number 403 from a 1791 lottery to purchase land next to the Lutheran Burying Ground in Baltimore, Maryland. The ticket is signed by Simon Gratz on the reverse. The ticket may indicate Gratz purchased the ticket, not that he issued it.

This is volume VII of Louisiana Term Reports, printed by Benjamin Levy in New Orleans. Published in 1822, this book represents one of the early works printed by Levy, who was a significant figure in the New Orleans publishing industry, combining printing, publishing, and bookselling. Levy (1786-1860), the son of Simeon and Katty Levy, was a pioneer among Jewish printers and publishers in the American South, and this work exemplifies his early contribution to the field. Levy began his printing business specializing in law books in 1822.

Complete May 1851 issue of *The American Phrenological Journal and Repository of Science, Literature and General Intelligence*, published by Fowler and Wells in New York, New York. This issue includes a two-page article with a portrait of Mordecai Manuel Noah, titled "Mordecai Manuel Noah, his Phrenological Character and Biography." Noah died on March 22, 1851.

Civil War-era meat cleaver stamped "J. Levy, 96 Vesey St., N. Y." The blade has an ornate shape with fancy cut edges, and the handle is made of layered leather rings. The blade extends the full length of the handle and is hammered over at the end. The cleaver is in excellent condition with no cracks or breaks. Jacob Kohn, a Bavarian immigrant who arrived in the 1840s, was the superintendent of a Confederate shoe factory in Montgomery before taking it over after the war. It subsequently became one of the largest factories in the South during Reconstruction.

One-page handwritten document recording the election of Isaac Leeser as Hazan (cantor) of Congregation Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 6, 1829. The document, signed by Abraham Myers Cohen, Secretary pro tem, details the election process and the resolution to engage Leeser for a two-year term at a salary of eight hundred dollars per annum. A subsequent resolution appointed a committee to inform Leeser of his appointment. This document is significant as it marks the beginning of Leeser's career as a prominent American Jewish leader and writer.

First edition of the Narrative of the Rev. Joseph Samuel Frey, published in London in 1809. This book recounts the life of Joseph Samuel Levi, later known as Joseph Samuel Frey, a learned Hebraist who immigrated to the United States in 1817. The narrative details his experiences and life in New York City.

Second edition of Isaac Leeser's New Year's Prayer Book, Volume II, specifically the Day of Atonement Service. Published in 1856, this volume holds significance due to its inscription to Arthur Hendricks on January 26th, 1864, for his Bar Mitzvah, by his mother, Rachel Nathan Hendricks. The inscription connects the book to the prominent Hendricks family, known for their philanthropy, as described by Maxwell Whiteman. The book highlights Isaac Leeser's commentary on the American Sephardic community.

Newspaper clipping from the February 4, 1882, edition of the New York Clipper featuring a short article about Lipman Pike, a Jewish baseball player, hitting a record number of home runs in a single game. The article notes he played for the Athletics in a game against the Alerts in Philadelphia on July 16, 1866, hitting six home runs, five consecutively. Published in New York, New York.

Issue of the New York Clipper newspaper from October 5, 1867, featuring a major biographical sketch and obituary of Izzy Lazarus (1812-1867), a renowned Jewish American boxer, trainer, and promoter. The newspaper also includes a report on Lipman Pike (1845-1893), the first Jewish baseball player, who played for the Mutuals against the Eckfords.

Newspaper clipping from the *New-York Journal & Patriotic Register*, June 22, 1790, featuring a letter from Levi Sheftel, President of the Hebrew Congregation in Savannah, Georgia, to President George Washington, along with Washington's reply. This is an early printing of this correspondence, discussing religious toleration in the newly formed United States.

Newspaper clipping from the *New-York Journal and Weekly Register*, dated January 13, 1785, announcing the death of Haym Salomon a week prior and his burial in the synagogue grounds. The clipping also includes advertisements by Isaac Moses and Judah. Published in New York, New York.

This is a newspaper clipping from the *New-York Mirror*, dated February 21, 1835, featuring an article by Mordecai Manuel Noah titled "Advice to Parents on How to Bring Up Children." The article is part of Volume XII, #34 of the newspaper and discusses fashionable parties, late hours, and child-rearing practices. Published in New York, New York.

Newspaper clipping from Niles' Weekly Register, published in Baltimore, Maryland on April 19, 1834, detailing Uriah Phillips Levy's purchase of Monticello and his plans to restore and open it to the public. The article highlights Levy's role in saving Monticello from destruction.

Issue of Niles' Weekly Register, a newspaper published in Baltimore, Maryland on November 1, 1817. This issue contains an article about David G. Seixas and his pottery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. David G. Seixas was the son of Rabbi Moses Seixas of New York City. A jug from that pottery with his father's bust embossed on it is in the New York Historical Society.

Volume VII, No. 6 of the *Occident and American Jewish Advocate*, a newspaper published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 1, 1849. This issue is part of a collection of Judaica Americana.

Bound volume 6 of the *Occident and American Jewish Advocate* newspaper, encompassing the years 1848 and 1849. Published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The volume includes the complete newspapers, excluding advertisements, a common practice at the time. The collection was donated by a Judaica Americana donor.

Bound volume of the Occident and American Jewish Advocate newspaper, published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from April 1851 to December 1851. The volume includes nine editions and is bound with a separate treatise titled "Jerusalem: A Treatise of Religious Power & Judaism" by Rabbi Moses Mendelssohn (1782), translated by Isaac Leeser.

This archival item consists of an October 25, 1822, issue of the *Christian Register*, a newspaper published in Boston, Massachusetts. The issue reprints a letter from a Jewish organization in Berlin, Germany, published earlier in the *New York Commercial Advertiser*, expressing support for Mordecai Manuel Noah's efforts to establish a Jewish settlement in Ararat. The *Christian Register* also includes a favorable editorial about Noah's project preceding the reprinted letter.

Oil painting depicting the transport ship 'The America' under Captain J.P. Levy during a hurricane off the coast of Vera Cruz. Painted circa 1847 by James Guy Evans (1810-1860), active in New Orleans. The painting includes the inscription "Transport the America under Capt. J.P. Levy off the coast of Vera Cruz on way to N.O." This painting is significant as it is considered the only known American Jewish War-related painting from before the 20th century. It boasts notable provenance, having been owned by Jefferson Levy, son of Captain J.P. Levy and owner of Monticello.

A pamphlet about Judah Touro, written by Max Kohler and signed by the author. Published in 1905. Associated with the American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS).

Pastel portrait of Samuel Hays, a prominent Philadelphia merchant, created circa 1810 by James Sharples. The painting has excellent provenance, descending through the Hays family before being sold at auction and ultimately acquired by the collection in 2007. Samuel Hays (1764-1839) was a prominent merchant who served his apprenticeship under Haym Solomon. He was married to Richea Gratz in 1794 and was active in both the general and Jewish communities. James Sharples (1751/1752-1811) was an English-born artist known for his pastel portraits, who worked in various cities in England before settling in Philadelphia around 1793. This portrait is featured in Hannah London's *Portraits of Jews*. The physical item is located in Arc.MS.56, Crate 3, Tray B.

Issue of the *Philadelphia Aurora* newspaper from August 13, 1800, featuring Benjamin Nones's influential editorial, "I am a Jew." This editorial, a response to anti-Semitic attacks, is considered a landmark in American Jewish history. Published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Port of Entry document from Hendricks & Brothers, detailing a shipment of finished copper from their Soho, New Jersey refinery to Boston, Massachusetts. The document dates from approximately 1836, based on contextual information within the associated archival record. This record highlights the significant role of Hendricks & Brothers in the American copper industry, tracing the family business from its origins in Amsterdam to its prominence as a key supplier during the War of 1812 and beyond. The company's contribution to the development of American industry and the family's commitment to philanthropy are also described.

A port of entry document from Hendricks & Brothers, indicating a shipment of finished copper to New Orleans, Louisiana. This document is one of three related items and provides insight into the operations of Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent American copper manufacturing firm founded by Harmon Hendricks and his brother-in-law, Solomon Isaacs, in Soho, New Jersey, in 1812. The document highlights the company's role in supplying copper for various uses, including shipbuilding for the U.S. Navy and steamboats. The Hendricks family, originating in Amsterdam, played a crucial role in the development of American industry and maintained a long-standing tradition of Jewish communal involvement in New York City. The document's date is inferred to be between 1812-1838 based on the operational years of Hendricks & Brothers.

A port of entry document from Hendricks & Brothers, indicating the shipment of finished copper from an unspecified location to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The document is dated July 17, 1845. This record is one of one. The Hendricks family, originally from Amsterdam and later based in New York, played a significant role in the American Industrial Revolution through their copper manufacturing. Uriah Hendricks, the patriarch, established a metals business in 1764, and his son Harmon expanded it significantly, establishing a copper rolling mill in Soho, New Jersey, in 1812. The firm supplied copper to prominent figures such as Paul Revere and Robert Fulton and contributed significantly to the US Navy during the War of 1812. The business, known as Hendricks Brothers, remained a prominent Jewish family business in the United States until its closure in 1938.

Oil - ISAAC Moses (1743-1818) circa 1805... Attributed..John Wesley Jarvis NYC. A similar portrait done about 5 years later is in the Museum; of the City of NY. That portrait has him wearing a fur cap but in the same pose, clothes look; similar & same chair. Deborah Waters, Head of Collections at the MCNY has been to our home and; looked at our portrait. She easily concluded that they are both by Jarvis but ours is a younger; sitting by 5 years. Theirs does not have an original frame and has had serious restoration. The Moses family of New York has been a prominent Jewish family since the American Revolution. Isaac Moses (1742-1818). born in Giessen, Germany, moved to New York in 1764. In 1766 he became a “freeman” of New York City. He worked in his uncle, Hayman Levy's, mercantile firm until he established Isaac Moses and Company with two business partners in 1775. His firm supported the Revolutionary army by accepting $20,000 Continental paper dollars in exchange for $20,000 in hard currency, thereby financing the war effort. The firm also traded for military supplies internationally and sold guns and ammunition to the army. When the British occupied New York, Isaac Moses left for Philadelphia and ran the firm from there. In 1783 he returned to New York City and continued his commercial enterprises. Despite a bankruptcy in 1786, he was generally financially successful, establishing Isaac Moses and & Sons, an international trading company. He was also a major stockholder in the Bank of New York. He was one of the founders of the NY Stock Exchange. Isaac Moses was very involved in his community. He was a Mason in New York City's Union Lodge, and an important member of the New York City Chamber of Commerce. He was also president of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York, and one of the principle organizers of the Congregation Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia. He married Reyna Levy in 1770. They had ten children together. FROM GRATZ COLLECTION IN CANADA..NATHAN FAMILY ARCHIVE

This 111-page book (8.5" x 6") contains the proceedings of the first annual session of the Council of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, held in Cleveland, Ohio, from July 14th to 16th, 1874. It includes an address in German by Dr. Jacob Mayer. A preceding pamphlet, "Proceedings of the First General Convention of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations" (Cincinnati, OH: Bloch & Co., [1873]), is referenced but not included in this collection. The Union of American Hebrew Congregations, later renamed the Union for Reform Judaism (URJ), was founded in 1873 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise in Cincinnati, Ohio, initially comprised of 34 congregations. In 1950, the UAHC relocated its headquarters to New York City. In 2003 it officially changed its name to the Union for Reform Judaism.

Printed broadside advertising subscriptions for the first issue of the *American Israelite*, the first Reformed Jewish newspaper in the United States. Published in Cincinnati, Ohio, circa 1854. The verso contains a handwritten letter from Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise to Leopold Waterman soliciting literary contributions for the first edition.

First annual publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, 1893. Contains numerous articles on early Jews in America.

Second annual publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, 1894. Contains numerous articles on early Jews in America.

Third Annual Publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, 1895. This volume contains numerous articles on the history of early Jewish communities in America and includes a list of the Society's members. Published in 1895.

Bill from R. H. Macy & Co. for an agate pail, dated June 10, 1899. The bill is addressed to both sides of 14th Street and 6th Avenue. The bill includes a description of the Straus family's history, including their involvement with R. H. Macy & Co., their philanthropy, and the tragic loss of Isidor and Ida Straus on the Titanic. The description further details the legal suit against L. Straus Sons in 1913 regarding undervaluation of imported chinaware. The bill provides insight into the business dealings of the Straus family and their connections to prominent department stores and legal matters.

A receipt listing funds due from Moses Levy, Abram Hart, and Naphtali Hart, with amounts in pounds and credited amounts; initialed. This bill, from Newport, Rhode Island, dates to circa 1760 and measures 8" x 6".

This document is a receipt dated March 5, 1747, signed by Uriah Burke, acknowledging the receipt of payment from Abraham Hart. The receipt mentions three charges related to Naphtali Hart. The document originates from Newport, Rhode Island.

Printed receipt, completed in manuscript, for a one-year subscription to Isaac Leeser's "Occident." Dated January 1863. Measures 3" x 7". Shows normal aging; in excellent condition.

This item is a blank pre-printed receipt form from the Editor of The Occident, located in Philadelphia. The form is for a subscription to "The Occident" for "Vol. 8," at a cost of "$3," covering the period up to "March 18." It includes blank spaces for the date and the recipient's name, as well as a line for acknowledging "Received Payment." The form features standard serif typography for most of the text, with a more decorative script used for the honorific "Mr."

Collection of Jewish recipes in Yiddish and English. Date of compilation is approximately January 1, 1917. The manuscript is part of the M Collection, located in Ms. Coll. 1410, Box 6, Folder 114.

Release deed conveying property in Chicago, Illinois, from Julius Rosenthal to Catharine Buckley, notarized by Leopold Mayer on August 10, 1871. This deed predates the Great Chicago Fire by a few months.

A self-portrait sketch by the renowned American artist John Wesley Jarvis (1781-1833), presented to Richea Gratz Etting (1792-1881) of Baltimore. Jarvis painted Solomon Etting, Richea's father, between 1809 and 1813. This sketch, likely given as a token, is in its original frame. The sketch was later passed to Frank Marx Etting and subsequently acquired by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts Collection in 1888. The painting's dimensions are 3" H x 2 1/2" W, and the frame measures 5 1/4" H x 1" x 5" W. The frame shows age, with wear in the corners and openings on the sides, retaining its original bail of nails on the back.

Shaving mug and brushes inscribed "Jefferson M. Levy," along with associated materials. The shaving mug, distributed by E. Berninghause of Cincinnati (circa 1890-1910), was at Monticello during Jefferson M. Levy's ownership and later given to Thomas Rhodes, caretaker and restorer of Monticello. The collection also includes documents tracing the ownership of the items through several hands, from Jefferson M. Levy and Thomas Rhodes to the Greenberger family and finally to Bess-Mae Jones, who sought a Jewish institution for their preservation. The collection further details the history of the Levy family's connection to Monticello, including the roles of Uriah P. Levy and Jefferson M. Levy in preserving the estate. Additional materials relate to Captain Jonas P. Levy, father of Jefferson M. Levy, his contributions to the Peruvian Navy, and his role in advocating for American Jews during the negotiation of a trade treaty with Switzerland in 1850.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers documenting the shipment of finished copper to Hartford, Connecticut on November 4, 1845. The record also notes the involvement of Hendricks & Isaacs (brother-in-law) and their Soho Copper Refinery in Soho, New Jersey. Part of a larger collection detailing the history of Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent American copper manufacturing firm.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers in New York, NY to Brown & Elton in New Haven, CT, detailing the shipment of finished copper. Dated September 10, 1840. The record is part of a larger collection documenting the Hendricks family's copper business, which played a significant role in the American Industrial Revolution.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, detailing the shipment of finished copper from New York, New York to Hartford, Connecticut on November 8, 1845. The record notes the port of entry and is one of five related documents.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent New York-based copper manufacturing firm, detailing the shipment of finished copper from Hartford, Connecticut to New York, New York on July 15, 1845. The record is part of a larger collection documenting the Hendricks family's significant contributions to American industry.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York to New Haven, Connecticut on August 11, 1836. The record provides details of the port of entry and is part of a larger collection illustrating the business activities of Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent American copper manufacturing firm.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 17, 1826. The record details the port of entry and is one of two related documents. The Soho Copper Refinery, founded by Hendricks & Isaacs (brother-in-law), was a significant contributor to the early American Industrial Revolution.

Stock certificate for 100 shares in the Sierra Nevada Consolidated Mining Company, issued to H. M. Davenport on June 20, 1887. The certificate is signed by Bernard Goldsmith as President and Louis Goldsmith as (presumably) Secretary. Accompanying materials include biographical information and photographs of Bernard Goldsmith, who served as Portland's first Jewish mayor (1869-1871).

Silver creamer made circa 1815 by the New York silversmith Garret Forbes and decorated with an engraved grapevine band by Moritz Furst, an early 19th-century U.S. Mint engraver. The creamer's design is similar to others incorporating Furst's work found at the Yale University Art Gallery and the Winterthur Museum.

Silver presentation bowl given as a wedding gift to Julia Tandler from Congregation Emanu-El on October 13, 1862. The bowl, hallmarked "Braverman & Levy" of San Francisco, California, measures 7 5/8" long and features ball feet. It was originally a ladle that was converted into a bowl. Abraham Tandler, possibly Julia's father, was on the first committee to study the reform of Congregation Emanu-El services in July 1860 and was one of the incorporators of Adas Israel in Louisville, Kentucky in 1842. Julia Tandler was born on April 3, 1841, in Louisville, Jefferson County, Kentucky and married Joseph Block on October 13, 1862.

Silver presentation spoon given as a wedding gift to Julia Tandler from Congregation Emanu-El. Engraved with "Congregation Emanu-El to Julia Tandler." The spoon was part of a larger set of three silver pieces given by the Congregation at Tandler's wedding on October 13, 1862. Abraham Tandler, possibly Julia's father, was one of the incorporators of Adas Israel in Louisville, Kentucky in 1842. The spoon was hallmarked "Braverman & Levy" of San Francisco, California and measures 6 inches long. This object is one of two spoons. A related image shows another piece dated October 13, 1862.

This archival object consists of a silver spoon, one of two, given as a wedding gift to Julia Tandler from Congregation Emanu-El in San Francisco, California. The spoon is engraved with the inscription "Congregation Emanu-El to Julia Tandler." The spoon was hallmarked "Braverman & Levy" of San Francisco, measures 6 inches in length, and is part of a collection of four silver pieces gifted by the Congregation for the wedding. The wedding took place on October 13, 1862. Abraham Tandler, Julia's likely father, was among the incorporators of Adas Israel in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1842. Further information about Julia Tandler is found in the source "Glimpse of Jewish Life in San Francisco by Zarchin."

Silver wine cup presented to Miss Henrietta Straus by the Trustees of K.K.B.F. (likely a synagogue). The inscription is partially illegible. The cup is a piece of Judaica Americana, reflecting the history of the Straus family, prominent Jewish American entrepreneurs. The object's date is unknown but is associated with the Straus family's activities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

A silver wine cup inscribed "Presented to Mark Hirsch by Solomon Hirsch Feb. 23rd 1863." Solomon Hirsch (1839-1902) was a wealthy businessman in the Northwest, Oregon State Senator, and appointed Minister to Turkey (1889-1892) by President Harrison. He was also president of Beth Israel Congregation.

First New-York edition of Johann Georg Zimmermann's *Solitude Considered With Respect To Its Influence Upon The Mind And The Heart*. Printed by Mott & Lyon for Evert Duyckinck & Co, C Davis, J Harrisson, J Fellows, J Lyon, N Judah, and P Mesier in [1796?]. Bound in full leather, though the front and back covers are detached, and the spine is chipped at both ends. WorldCat records 27 copies, but none printed in NYC. Naphtali Judah (1773?-1855), one of the first Jewish booksellers and publishers in New York, established his business in 1795. He was the president of Shearith Israel, a prominent Mason, and a member of Tammany Society.

Collection of eight telegrams sent between April and September 1878, primarily from David Neahr in Yuma, Arizona, to L.M. Jacobs & Co. in Tucson, Arizona. The telegrams, imprinted with the War Department, Signal Service U.S.A. (Form No. 1), detail business transactions involving money transfers, shipping of goods, and delivery information related to the firm's mercantile and banking operations.

Collection of eight telegraph messages sent between Yuma and Tucson, Arizona, between April and September 1878. The messages, primarily from David Neahr to L.M. Jacobs & Co., concern financial transactions, shipping, and cargo details related to the mercantile firm's operations. The messages feature the War Department, Signal Service U.S.A. impress. The messages are on lined paper, approximately 5" x 7 3/4".

A telegraph message sent on August 7, 1878, from B. M. Jacobs in Yuma, Arizona to Marcus Katz. The message, imprinted with the "War Department, Signal Service U.S.A." logo, inquires about news from Lionel. This is one of eight related telegrams sent between April and September 1878, primarily concerning the business dealings of L.M. Jacobs & Co., a Tucson-based mercantile and banking firm. The telegrams detail the transfer of goods and money between Yuma and Tucson.

Collection of eight telegraph messages sent between Yuma and Tucson, Arizona, between April and September 1878. The messages, primarily from David Neahr to L.M. Jacobs & Co., detail business transactions concerning money transfers, shipping of goods, and railroad cargo. Most messages bear the imprint of the War Department, Signal Service U.S.A. The messages provide insight into the operations of L.M. Jacobs & Co., a prominent Jewish mercantile and banking firm in Tucson.

This book commemorates the 250th anniversary of Jewish settlement in the United States, published in 1905. It contains numerous names and likely details the history and contributions of Jewish communities across the country during this period. The book features photographs and possibly essays or articles related to this significant milestone.

This is the first issue of Volume III of *The Association Bulletin*, a tri-monthly periodical published by the Young Men's Hebrew Association (YMHA) of Philadelphia in January 1883. The bulletin likely contained news, announcements, and articles of interest to the members of the YMHA.

A collection of issues from The Jewish Messenger newspaper, published in New York, New York, between 1858 and 1862. The collection includes issues #4 (October 29, 1858), #6 (August 5, 1859), #7 (February 24, 1860 and April 6, 1860), #8 (August 12, 1860), #9 (April 5, 1861 and June 28, 1861), #10 (July 12, 1861 and November 13, 1861), #11 (January 10, 1862), and #12 (containing various issues). The collection contains a total of 84 issues and features significant content related to the American Civil War.

Book titled "The Messiah, attempted from the German of Mr. Klopstock," printed by George Forman for Benjamin Gomez in 1795. Benjamin Gomez (1769-1828) was a prominent Jewish bookseller in New York, the first of his kind. He published over 20 titles, including works of Jewish interest such as the first American printing of Letters to Dr. [Joseph] Priestley. He was involved in publishing, selling, and binding books until 1802, later becoming treasurer and president of Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City.

Issue of the New York Clipper newspaper, published in New York, New York, on January 7, 1860. Page 303 contains an advertisement for Izzy Lazarus's saloon.

Issue of the Occident and American Jewish Advocate newspaper, published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 21, 1859. The newspaper contains numerous Jewish advertisements for various goods and services, as well as articles on topics relevant to Jewish literature and religion. It also includes announcements regarding the need for rabbis in San Francisco and a boarding school for Jewish girls.

Book - The Schoolmaster's Assistant, printed in New York City in 1796 for Naphtali Judah and B. Gomez. Printed by Mott & Lyon. This copy includes a full-page advertisement for Gomez & Judah. Benjamin Gomez (1769-1828) was a prominent Jewish bookseller and publisher, considered the earliest in the USA. He published over 20 titles, including works of Jewish interest and general works such as editions of Pilgrim's Progress and Cook's Voyage to the Pacific Ocean. He was also involved in other businesses, including lottery tickets, groceries and tobacco, later becoming treasurer and president of Shearith Israel synagogue in New York City.

Business card for Bush & Son & Meissner, located in St. Louis, Missouri. The card advertises Bushberg Vineyard, Orchard and Grape Nurseries, with a city office at the southeast corner of 4th and Elm Streets. Printed circa 1882 with purple and green inks, featuring an ornate border depicting flowers, fruit, grape bunches, and vines. The card lists Raphael Bush, Isidor Bush, and Gust. E. Meissner.

Trade card advertising S. Liebmann's Sons Brewing Co. of Brooklyn, NY. Depicts the Beer Pavilion at the 1876 International Exposition. The verso contains a full advertisement. The card features information about the brewery, which was the first Jewish commercial brewery in the USA. Published in 1876 in Brooklyn, New York. Henry Liebmann (1836-1915), president of S. Liebmann Brewery (later Rheingold Breweries), is mentioned in the description provided by the donor.

Two trade cards for Solomon Cohen of San Francisco, California. One card is undated, while the other is dated 1886. The cards are part of a larger collection of materials relating to Cohen's life and military service. The description includes details of Cohen's enlistment in the California 3rd Infantry in 1861, his service at Camp Douglas, UT, and his discharge in 1864. One card also notes his role as Senior Vice Commander of the James Garfield Post #34.

Two letters written by Jeanette Elkus to Isaac Leeser, dated January 1, 1862. The letters, part of Isaac Leeser's personal papers, are the only known surviving family correspondence to him from Europe. The second letter, partially in German, expresses concern for Leeser's health. Historians believe Leeser requested the destruction of his personal letters.

Two letters dated 1862 from Jeanette Elkus to her uncle, Isaac Leeser. Written in ungrammatical English, the letters express gratitude, love, and allude to divine goodness. One letter, measuring 8 x 10 inches, includes Hebrew/Yiddish on half of the second page. The letters detail the family's well-being in Denekamp, Holland, and mention a devastating storm in nearby Enschede. This correspondence represents part of the only known surviving group of family letters to Isaac Leeser from Europe, as he reportedly requested the destruction of his personal letters. These letters are from the personal papers of Isaac Leeser.

Typed letter signed by Jacob H. Schiff on Kuhn, Loeb & Co. letterhead, expressing displeasure towards Sir Julian Goldsmid. Written in New York, New York on September 16, 1889.

Watercolor painting of Fort Delaware, Delaware, created by Max Neugas, a Jewish Confederate prisoner of war, in 1865. The watercolor, measuring 5 x 8 inches, depicts scenes from the fort. The reverse of the piece is inscribed with information regarding its provenance.

A molded glass whiskey bottle featuring a patriotic motif. Manufactured by William Frank in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, circa 1860. The bottle is blown glass and is an example of glassmaking by a known Jewish glass maker in Pittsburgh.

Amber glass whiskey bottle; approximately the size of a small pint. The bottle is embossed with "SAMUEL WESTHEIMER & CO., ST. JOSEPH, MO." Samuel Westheimer & Co. was a wholesale liquor business operating in St. Joseph, Missouri, beginning as early as 1868. This bottle dates from an unknown time in the company's history.

Certified copy of the will of Jacob H. Lazarus (1822-1891), a well-known American artist, dated March 7, 1879, in New York, New York. The will is a four-page folio document with an additional certification note. This archival record also includes a copy of the will of Amelia B. Lazarus (1825-1906), Jacob's wife, consisting of a three-page folio document. These documents offer insight into the personal lives of Jacob and Amelia Lazarus, members of prominent early American Jewish families and aunt and uncle to Emma Lazarus.

Writ issued by the Sheriff of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania on April 22, 1780, against James Bogle, accused of trespass by Simon and Joseph of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The writ measures 13" x 4", is partially printed, and bears an embossed seal of Cumberland County. The verso is docketed July 3, 1780. Joseph Simon (1712-1804), a prominent member of the Lancaster, Pennsylvania Jewish community and associate of the Gratz family, and John Campbell, a Revolutionary War soldier, Kentucky legislator, and early recipient of Lord Dunmore's land grants, were influential partners in frontier Kentucky. They planned and founded the city of Louisville, with Simon providing financial backing and securing a lien on a portion of the city's land. A 1000-acre tract within Campbell's military survey was deeded to Simon within the present city limits of Louisville in 1786.