Subject: Commercial correspondence

Business letter from I. L. Lipschutz located at 503-505 South Third Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter is dated circa 1890s and mentions "AMERICAN NAVY RYE".

A business letter from Albert E. Schreiber & Co., located at 140 North Desplaines Street, Chicago, Illinois, to A. B. Piske dated September 20, 1883. The letter pertains to a quote for an iron shutter.

Two-page letter dated September 14, 1893, from Morris J. Sideman of Sideman, Lachman & Co. in San Francisco, California, relating to a debt owed by Asher Marks of Roseburg, Oregon. The letterhead features a large cigar illustration. A notation mentions that Roseburg was founded by a Jewish butcher in 1851.

A commercial letter dated January 6, 1887, from Katz & Barnett, located at 36, 38 & 40 Camp Street in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. The letter contains an order for 1,000 pounds of thread.

A lithographed letter and envelope from S. W. Rosenstock & Co., located at the southeast corner of Sansome and Bush Streets in San Francisco, California, circa 1885. The letter discusses business matters, specifically requesting payment for notes and mentioning the construction of a new facility. The letter also mentions a business partner, Marion Leventritt, who was involved in shoe manufacturing and a founding member of The International Society for the Colonization of Russian Jews.

Envelope containing a letter to the trade, two cloth samples, an order form, and a return envelope. Sent from Felix Kahn & Co. on July 27, 1899.

Commercial letter from S. Rosenbaum & Sons, a Louisville, Kentucky mercantile firm, to Radger & Cunningham, dated July 31, 1882. The letter is on the letterhead of S. Rosenbaum & Sons, located at 227 Sixth Street between Main and Market Streets in Louisville.

Receipt for $167.85 issued by S. M. Rosenbaum & Sons, located at 227 Sixth Street between Main and Market Streets in Louisville, Kentucky, on July 31, 1882. The receipt is enclosed in an envelope addressed to an unknown recipient in Richmond, Virginia. The record also includes a letter dated September 18, 1871.

A business letter from M. B. Ochs & Sons, dated September 9, 1891, sent from their New York City office at 58 Walker Street. The letter and envelope feature a full lithograph. The letter is a short business communication.

A business letter mentioning the address 21.23 W. Houston Street. The letter is from the firm HERSKOVITS & ROTH and dates to January 1, 1895. The archival item is located in Arc.MS.56, Volume 18, Page 26.

Printed circular in letter form dated January 15, 1891, from Thomas Feres appointing Strauss/Sachs as the sole agents in the USA for their brushes. The circular originates from 355 & 357 Broadway, New York, New York. This item is a broadside and should be considered in conjunction with a related piece (see prior item for sister piece).

Billhead from James Levi's business at 688 & 698 Main Street, Dubuque, Iowa, dated October 15, 1883. The billhead may be related to Alexander Levi, potentially his grandson, who is noted as the first Jew in Iowa.

A letter dated October 27, 1875, from A. B. Elfelt in San Francisco, California, to Fort Brioger in Walla Walla Territory (W.T.). The letter discusses a bad debt and mentions a lawsuit with Levi Strauss & Co. over the use of copper rivets on pants pockets. Elfelt was a partner in the New York City firm of Elfelt, Levi & Co. The A. Elfelt company, established in San Francisco in 1867, manufactured and sold workwear wholesale. The letter originated from 108 & 110 Samsome Street, San Francisco, California.

Billhead from J. & P. Hendricks, manufacturers of tobacco and cigars. The billhead is dated November 13, 1860. The billhead is signed by J. & P. Hendricks. Geographic location: New York, NY.

Billhead of Louis Bertsch, located at 143 & 145 Elm Street, between Howard and Grand Streets, Newark, New Jersey. The billhead is dated November 16, 1892. The billhead is part of the 'E' Collection, located in Arc.MS.56, Box 14, Folder 8.

Billhead from A. S. Rosenthal Co., dated December 3, 1887. The billhead indicates the company's address as 469 & 471 Broome Street, New York, New York. The archival material is a billhead, a type of printed form used for invoicing.

A letter written on Bank of Tucson stationery by B. M. Jacobs to A. Springer in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, dated December 9, 1884. The letter contains a discussion of revisions to a code system and bears the stamp of the Cochise County Bank, Tombstone, Arizona Territory. The letter is considered rare Western content.

A printed circular in the form of a letter announcing the opening of Strauss, Sachs & Co. at 355 & 357 Broadway in New York, New York. Issued on February 1, 1891. The circular is a broadside.

A letter written on Bank of Tucson stationery by B.M. Jacobs to A. Springer in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, dated February 25, 1885. The letter bears the stamp of the Cochise County Bank in Tombstone. The content pertains to mercantile matters.

A business letter written by Isidor Bush of Isidor Bush & Co. in St. Louis, Missouri, on February 4, 1874, to C.D. Champlin. The letter mentions a large lithograph of Bush's store located at the southeast corner of 4th and Elm Streets in St. Louis. The letter also references Bush's role as a leader in the St. Louis Jewish community and his involvement with the founding of the first Jewish weekly newspaper in New York City in 1849.

Letter on a billhead from Samuel Westheimer to Andrew Maichal & Co. in Walkerville, Montana, dated April 23, 1891. The letter, originating from St. Joseph, Missouri, notes that "NO BUSINESS TRANSACTED ON SATURDAY." The note "NOTED ON 20.14" and a reference to "MILK GLASS LIQUOR BOTTLES BY SAME DEALER IN COLLECTION" are also included. The letter is described as having good graphics. The item is part of the 'E' Collection in Archives Manuscript 56, Box 14, Folder 8.

Billhead invoice from Strauss, Goodman, Yondorf & Co. to J. H. McKnight & Co. for goods or services rendered. The invoice is dated May 1, 1885, and lists the business addresses of both companies: Strauss, Goodman, Yondorf & Co. at Monroe Street & Fifth Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, and J. H. McKnight & Co. in Fort Shaw, Montana. The document contains good graphic design and showcases the business name, "STRAUSS, GOODMAN, YONDORF & CO."

Letter from the Helena-Frisco Mining Company, located in Helena, Montana, with a branch office in Gem, Idaho. The letterhead features a lithograph of a mine. Dated May 29, 1897. The letterhead was used by A. J. Seligman.

A letter dated June 10, 1890, sent from Schwab Clothing Co. at 1014 & 1016 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, to Farr Alpaca Co. The letter mentions a "great vignette" of their store.

Billhead from the Baltimore Bargain House located at 204-220 W. Baltimore St. The billhead is dated June 26, 1902. This item is part of the Epstein Family Papers.

A business letter written by M.G. Levy on June 9, 1884, in Fairview, New Mexico. The letter is written on business stationery. The content pertains to mercantile business.

Billhead from Julius Basinski's Branch House in Miles City, Montana, dated July 6, 1880. The billhead is related to a letter regarding the transfer of funds, sent from Julius Basinski in Miles City to Henry Elling in Bozeman, Montana.

A business letter written on the billhead of Steinberg Bro's and Co., located at 96 West Main Street, Louisville, Kentucky, to Julius Weil of Paducah, Kentucky, dated August 13, 1880. The letter pertains to business matters, likely related to the tobacco industry, given the lithographed cigars on the billhead.

Billhead from M. Cohen's business located at 212 to 232 West 26th Street, New York, New York, dated August 17, 1889. The billhead is a single sheet of paper, likely used for commercial transactions. Further details about the nature of M. Cohen's business are not available from this item alone.

Billhead letter from Julius Basinski in Bozeman, Montana, to Henry Elling in Virginia City, Montana, concerning the transfer of funds. Dated August 9, 1880. The letterhead indicates a branch house in Miles City, Montana.

Billhead from Tobias, A. / Tobias, T. in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, dated September 28, 1883. The billhead is part of the archival collection Arc.MS.56, Box 14, Folder 9.

A letter dated June 15, 1900, from H. W. Kleinmann to H. L. Menefee concerning the Baltimore Bargain House, located at 212, 214, 216, 218, and 220 West Baltimore Street. The letter mentions the store's large storefront and its establishment in 1880. The letter was written from Sperryville, Virginia, and sent to Baltimore, Maryland.

A business letter from M. G. Cohn, a jobber of produce, fruits, and cigars located at 54 & 56 West Park, Butte, Montana, to S. R. Buford & Co. Dated January 10, 1893. The letter is printed on Cohn's billhead.

A letter written on billhead stationery of I. Marks, a dealer in Kentucky whiskies, located at 16 North Main Street, Helena, Montana. The letter is dated January 26, 1892, and mentions Great Falls, Montana.

Billhead/Letter from H. Cohen dated November 16, 1887. The letterhead indicates his business location as Buhne's Bld., two doors above Humboldt Co. Bank, Eureka, California. A lithograph of grapes is present. The letter is signed by H. Cohen as Secretary of the Eureka Jockey Club.

Letter written on a billhead from Mayer, Siegfried; Lowenstein, Leopold; Mayer, Gabriel; and Mayer, Bernard, dated February 10, 1868. The billhead indicates their business address as 80 Beekman Street, New York, New York. The letter includes a revenue stamp. The recipient of the letter is unknown.

Letter written on June 13, 1865, on the letterhead of A. Strauss, Great Litho of Temple Hall, Star Clothing Store, Delaware, Ohio. The letter is addressed to the Singer Company and orders a sewing machine on an iron stand for $85.00. The letterhead features a lithograph of Temple Hall. This item is part of the Judaica Americana Collection.

A letter written on September 6, 1894, from A. J. Seligman to the Castle Land Company in Helena, Montana. The letterhead identifies the Castle Land Company as agents for Judson Dynamite and Powder. The content of the letter is unknown.

Printed broadside circular letter from Robinson & Brother of Louisville, Kentucky, dated February 1, 1854. The letter advertises spring imports. The broadside is printed in red and black ink.

A letter dated March 4, 1861, demanding payment from the Bank of Savannah. The letter was written by H. M. Cohen and sent from Americus, Georgia. The letter also references Winfrey & Holman. The original letter and envelope with a stamp are included in this archival record.

An envelope addressed to R. Cohen at 32 & 34 Samsome (?) Street, San Francisco, California, postmarked 1875. The envelope is a commercial item from Wells, Fargo & Co., a prominent 19th-century American express company.

This archival object is a return envelope from the G. Cohn Company, located at 206-208 Battery Street in San Francisco, California. The envelope dates from 1890. The envelope's return address is prominently displayed.

A return envelope from the G. Cohn Company, located at 206-208 Battery Street, San Francisco, California. The envelope is dated 1890 and marked as a duplicate.

Unused envelope from Cohen Brothers, located at 934 Arch Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The envelope is dated circa 1890.

Envelope addressed to Wells, Fargo & Co. at 1015 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, P.O. Box 1164. The date is January 1, 1894.

An unused envelope addressed to 622 Ritner Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, circa 1900. The envelope displays an advertisement in Yiddish for Louis Garfield, Insurance Broker. The phone number Oregon 7034 is listed on the envelope.

A dark green embossed one-cent stamp is affixed to this envelope addressed to 122.124.126.128 Michigan Street, Chicago, Illinois. The envelope features a lithograph of a building. The date is estimated to be January 1, 1906 based on metadata.

Envelope addressed to Joseph Wolf, a distiller's agent and commission merchant, at 75.77 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois, dated May 17, 1889. The envelope also shows the return address of S. R. Buford & Co.

Envelope addressed to Adelsdorfer / Brandenstein. The envelope identifies the sender as the "Proprietors of Washington Manufacturing Co., Importers and Manufacturers," located at 17 and 19 First Street. The date is May 4, 1897.

Financial record pertaining to Michael Gratz and Allen McLean in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated June 8th and June 23rd, 1773. The record includes a reference to Procter & Gamble advertising on the cover and an address: 1015 Arch Street, P.O. Box 1164. This item is part of Manuscript Collection 1410.

A stampless commercial letter sent from Henry Tobias at 29 Nassau Street, New York City, on January 1, 1846. The letter was sent via the Philadelphia Railroad and pertains to mercantile business. The letter's content is unknown, and its recipient is unspecified aside from the name 'Tobias, Henry' in the description.

Embossed envelope with a corner advertisement for "Jonas P. Levy, importer and dealer, wines, liquors, segars, and fine groceries." A barrel is embossed in the center. Addressed to Rev. Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated July 2, 1857. This is the earliest embossed corner advertisement envelope in the collection.

A letter mentioning the Marble Clothing House in Jackson, Michigan, dated December 1865. The letter is part of a collection of papers from the 7th Michigan Discharge. An image of the store front is included. The letter refers to a merchant in Jackson, Michigan.

Envelope with advertising for Meussdorffer, J. C. & Bros. in San Francisco, California, dated 1872. The envelope was addressed to Meussdorffer, J. C. & Bros. and sent from Virginia City.

An envelope addressed to Wangenheim, Levy & Co. in San Francisco, California. The envelope features the Wells, Fargo & Co. logo and is dated circa 1875. The envelope suggests commercial correspondence.

An envelope addressed to Jacob Moe in Sacramento, California, postmarked ca. 1875, and sent from Isaac Phillips in Wathena, Kansas. The envelope features advertising.

Envelope addressed to Schwabacher Bros. & Co. at 17 and 19 Battery Street, San Francisco, California. The envelope shows the return address of Hoffman & Co. in Walla Walla, Washington Territory. The envelope is postmarked 1875 and features the Wells, Fargo & Company logo. It is likely related to business correspondence between the firms.

An addressed envelope sent to L. Liebman at 119 Clay Street, San Francisco, California from S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon. The envelope's postmark suggests a date around 1875. The recipient's address indicates San Francisco, California, while the sender's address, S. Marks & Co., is in Roseburg, Oregon.

An addressed envelope advertising Sidman/Lachman, located at 209 & 211 Battery Street, San Francisco, California. The envelope is dated January 1, 1875 and addressed to Asher Marks in Roseburg, Oregon. The envelope provides insight into business correspondence and trade networks in 19th-century Oregon and California.

An envelope addressed to Guadalajara, Mexico from A. Eisenberg at 206 Kearny Street, San Francisco, California, ca. 1878. The envelope displays advertising.

Envelope addressed to Kleckner, Shimer & Co. at 15 South Water Street, Philadelphia. The business was established in 1863. The envelope is dated January 1, 1884.

Envelope addressed to Nancy A. Moses bearing a Western Union Telegraph advertisement. The envelope is undated, circa 1885.

This archival item consists of a Western Union envelope addressed to J. Binswanger at 436 Franklin Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, circa 1885. The envelope's contents are not specified. The envelope is associated with Moses A. Dropsie, both individuals being noted for their activity in Jewish affairs. The envelope is part of the collection of Judaica Americana and housed at the University of Pennsylvania.

An envelope addressed to Julius Cohn at 207 Pearl Street, New York, New York, circa 1885. The envelope features advertising, indicating commercial use. The envelope was likely used for business correspondence.

Printed commercial envelope addressed to Jacob Strauss & Son at 53 Maiden Lane, New York, New York, from M. D. Rothschild at 41 & 43 Maiden Lane, New York, New York, dated December 2, 1893. The envelope features a pre-printed return address and a Columbia Exposition stamp.

Envelope containing advertising materials for Schaffer / Budenberg. The envelope indicates a business location at Bedford & Canton Streets, Brooklyn, New York, and is dated 1893. The envelope is part of a larger collection of Judaica Americana.

Collection of three envelopes related to Weil Bros. & Co., a fur trading business. Two envelopes are undated and addressed to the postmaster in Mattawamkeag, Maine, requesting forwarding to trappers. One envelope is dated 1894 and addressed to the postmaster in Silvers Mills, Maine, also for forwarding to trappers. All envelopes are addressed from Fort Wayne, Indiana. The envelopes contain advertising for Weil Bros. & Co.

Envelope depicting a store emblem for Ehrich Brothers, located between 22nd and 23rd Streets in New York City. The date is unknown, but the image suggests a late 19th or early 20th-century origin. This item is part of the M collection, housed in Ms. Coll. 1410, Box 6, Folder 52.

Envelope featuring a lithograph advertisement for "American Offices...Mary T. Goldman; Goldman Building." The envelope is undated, but based on the style, it is likely from the early 20th century. It is addressed to an unknown recipient in St. Paul, Minnesota.

Envelope addressed to Joseph Auerbach at 623 Penn Ave., Washington, D.C. The envelope features an image of a man in formal wear and advertising text, indicating it was likely used for commercial purposes. Dated circa 1902.

Printed return address envelope postmarked Las Vegas, New Mexico and sent to Joe Harberg, Esq. in Mora, New Mexico. The envelope features the return address of E. Rosenwald & Son. The postmark date is January 1, 1903.

Printed return address envelope with the address 600-606 Chestnut Street, Ledger Building. The envelope is dated January 1, 1903. The names Albert J. Bamberger, Julius J. Bamberger, and Julius C. Levi are associated with this envelope.

An envelope addressed to Ira Leo Bamberger at 291 Broadway, New York, New York, dated January 21, 1889. The envelope displays advertising for T.C. Millard & Co., suggesting a potential business connection. The return address indicates Danbury, Connecticut.

Printed envelope addressed to Christ Jenson Co. in Chicago, Illinois, and postmarked Louisville, Kentucky, on January 25, 1894. The return address features the name S. J. Greenbaum, but lacks a street address. The envelope shows advertising.

An addressed envelope sent to J. C. Meussdorffer & Bros. in San Francisco, California, on January 8, 1868. The envelope features an embossed advertisement for "Seamless Clothing" manufactured at 462 Broome Street, New York City, and a Scott #65 1861 stamp.

Envelope addressed to Germany, bearing the registered letter marking and advertising for Peycke Bros. located at 1001/3/5 Farnum Street, Omaha, Nebraska. The envelope includes a depiction of a large store. Dated January 8, 1886.

An envelope addressed to Louis Ash at 779 Third Avenue, New York, New York, dated October 11, 1880. The envelope features advertising, including a logo with a cigar store Indian. This envelope is part of the collection E.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The letter, dated October 13, 1869, was sent from N. G. Kelebur to Bean & Jay in Cleveland, Ohio. The envelope bears the return address of Mayer & Habich, also of Cleveland, Ohio, and is addressed to a recipient in New Paris, Ohio. The letter's content is commercial in nature.

Envelope addressed to Siegle/Rothchild. The return address indicates Baltimore and Howard Streets. A lithograph depicting a factory and an umbrella is mentioned. Date: October 18, 1910. Location: Baltimore, Maryland.

An advertising envelope from L. & S. Sternberger, dated October 28, 1884. The envelope lists two addresses: 503 Market Street and 530 (address incomplete). The envelope advertised clothing and was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Envelope addressed to I. Hamburger, importers and dealers in leaf tobacco, located at 174 Water Street. The date of the envelope is October 4, 1893. The envelope is part of Manuscript Collection 1410, Box 6, Folder 35.

An envelope from Tellers Real Estate Registry in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated October 8, 1897. The envelope features an advertisement for "Tellers Real Estate Register" and indicates that it is available free at all drug stores. The publishers are listed as being located on the second floor of the Ledger Building, 606 Chestnut Street.

Envelope addressed to D. Feinberg, a dealer in imported pictures, frames, and mirrors, located at 903 Washington Ave. North, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The envelope is postmarked November 1, 1889, and includes a crude rubber stamp advertisement. The return address is S. Chelimer & Son, New York, New York.

Envelope from Wm. Weinert & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated November 17, 1897. The envelope features a large vignette of the store and the telephone number 432. The address shown is Corner of Front & Vine.

An envelope addressed to Ira Leo Bamberger at 291 Broadway, New York, New York, postmarked November 19, 1884. The sender is listed as Louis Cohen at 176 Broadway, New York, New York. The envelope also contains the handwritten notation "O'Shea vs Kohn."

Full-color lithographed envelope from Jacoby & Hess, Western Agency, located at 49.51 Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. The envelope dates from November 2, 1893. The description indicates it is an "outstanding" example of envelope lithography.

An envelope with an advertisement for Lowenthal & Wolf. The advertisement is in Art Deco style and mentions a location on Charles and Lombard Streets in Baltimore, Maryland. The letter inside also contains the full advertisement. Date on Envelope: November 21, 1908.

Envelope addressed to Miss B. Loewenstein & Co. in Mora, New Mexico, postmarked November 5, 1882. The envelope features an advertisement for Weil & Graaf, located in Las Vegas, New Mexico.

Yellow envelope addressed to H. Reiffen at 120 Canal Street, New York, New York. The envelope postmarks indicate a date of December 27, 1894. The envelope is part of the Ms. Coll. 1410 collection.

An envelope addressed to H. J. Miller in New York, New York, postmarked December 29, 1885. The return address is rubber-stamped: Kaufman & Co., 303 Washington St., New York, New York. The envelope displays advertising for Kaufman & Co., suggesting a commercial transaction or correspondence.

Envelope from the Rosenfeld Company, manufacturers of wooden ware and household specialties, located at 39 Pryor Street, Atlanta, Georgia. Dated December 3, 1903.

Envelope addressed to Goldenberg Bros. at 468-470 Broome Street, New York City. The envelope postmark indicates December 7, 1893. This item is part of the Manuscript Collection.

Envelope addressed to Miss Sadie Miller at 557 Grand Street, Brooklyn, E.D., New York. The envelope includes advertising for Richard Meares at 307 & 309 6th Ave. and 101/3/5 & 7 West 19th Street, New York City. Dated February 12, 1876.

Envelope addressed to Henry Beckman in Erie, Pennsylvania, postmarked February 14, 1888. The envelope features an advertisement for Gumpert Bros., a Philadelphia tobacco company with factory and sales office addresses listed.

An envelope addressed to S. R. Buford & Co. in Virginia City, Montana, postmarked May 21, 1891, and sent from Sideman, Lachman & Co. in New York, New York. The envelope displays the return address of Sideman, Lachman & Co., 46 Beaver Street, New York, New York, with a date of February 15, 1882 printed on it.

Envelope with advertising addressed to M. S. Block at 1210 Main Street, Richmond, Virginia, dated February 2, 1890. The envelope contains advertising materials (content unspecified).

Envelope addressed to Henry Meyer in Gottinge, Germany, dated February 2, 1898. The letter mentions Henry Seesel, who fought in the Mexican War and wrote a book about his experiences. The letter also mentions that in 1874, Albert Seesel became a business partner, and that a family-owned chain of supermarkets was built which was sold to a large corporation in 1996. The address on the envelope is 139 Main Street.

An envelope from Louis Kerstein & Son, real estate and insurance brokers in Bangor, Maine. The envelope features a logo of a star with points of the compass, a shield in the center, and the text "INSURANCE PROCURED IN ALL THE LEADING COMPANIES." The address 36 Main St. is printed on the envelope. Dated February 28, 1902.

This archival collection consists of a letter, two envelopes, and an advertising insert from S. F. Myers & Co., a New York-based company. The letter, dated February 29, 1888, was sent to Henry Haggy in West Virginia. One envelope, postmarked February 29, 1888, shows the return address of S. F. Myers & Co. in New York. The other envelope is undated. The advertising insert features an image of the company's trademark and its address at 48 & 50 Maiden Lane, New York, New York. The materials suggest a business correspondence between S. F. Myers & Co. and Henry Haggy.

An envelope addressed to A. D. May in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, postmarked March 19, 1890. The envelope features an advertisement for the Nathan Manufacturing Co., located at 92 & 94 Liberty Street, New York, New York.

Commercial envelope addressed to S. & B. Lederer in Providence, Rhode Island, from Levy, Dreyfus & Co., importers, located at 11 Maiden Lane, New York, New York. The envelope features a vignette of binoculars and is dated March 21, 1888. Post Office Box 3567, NYC is also listed.

Letterhead for Lester J. Saul & Co., Contractors for Uniforms, Liveries & Fine Clothing. Features a large logo with an eagle. The address listed is 658 Broadway, with a factory located in Albany, NY. The date is April 12, 1895. This item is an envelope from the M Collection.

An invoice and envelope documenting a transaction between Crofut, Knapp & Solmans of New York, New York and J. C. Meussdorffer & Bro of San Francisco, California on April 26, 1873. The invoice, written on the envelope, details a charge for four cases at $414.50. The envelope is addressed from New York, New York to San Francisco, California.

Advertising envelope from Isaac Bloom & Bro., dated May 12, 1871. The envelope features a prominent advertisement and was sent between New York, New York and Saugatuck, Connecticut.

Envelope addressed to 36 Court St. and containing a business letter. Sent from L. Baum & Co. in Binghamton, New York on May 2, 1892.

Large red printed seal envelope with "THE BIG SILK WAIST HOUSE..F.R." printed in the middle. The address 73 & 75 Wooster Street is also printed on the envelope. Date is estimated as May 2, 1900. Physical location: Ms. Coll. 1410, M, Box 8, Folder 58.

Envelope addressed to Ira Leo Bamberger at 291 Broadway, New York, New York, postmarked May 20, 1887. The envelope also mentions Jackson, Michigan.

Envelope addressed to L. Fancher from G. Thalheimer, a wholesale grocery business located at 203, 205, 207, 209 & 211 East Water Street, Central Square, New York. The envelope is dated May 7, 1895 and contains a business letter. The business was one of the largest individually owned wholesale groceries in the USA.

Envelope from the Chief and Chum Cigar Factory located at 40 & 42 South Street. Dated June 1, 1897. The envelope is part of the collection of Judaica Americana.

An envelope addressed to Adolph Guttmann in Berlin, Germany, postmarked June 10, 1893, and sent from L. Spiegelberg in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The envelope features printed corner cards indicating the addresses. The envelope likely contained commercial correspondence.

Envelope addressed to Simon Cohn at his country store in Coffee Run, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, dated June 17, 1880. The envelope shows advertising and was sent by H.S. Walk from Greencastle, Pennsylvania.

Envelope addressed to A. Kramolowsky in Union, Missouri. The envelope features a graphic depicting a barrel of 1867 Old Bourbon and includes the address 222 Market Street. The date of the envelope is estimated based on the whiskey depicted to be around June 18, 1900. The envelope is part of the collection of manuscript materials.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The letter, dated June 6, 1862, was sent from Israel & Sons in Baltimore, Maryland to John G. McMurray & Co. in Lansingburgh, New York. The letter requests the forwarding of a mortgage. The envelope features early advertising and a stamp. The envelope also mentions the Steam Brush Factory.

Envelope addressed to Joseph B. Cohen in Providence, Rhode Island from Peck, Stow and Wilcox Co. in Southington, Connecticut, dated June 8, 1900. The envelope features a stylized lithograph. The envelope displays addresses in Providence, Rhode Island and Southington, Connecticut.

This archival item consists of a letter dated July 10, 1884, from Lora C. Kister of Mill Brook, Ohio, to Thalhimer Brothers in Richmond, Virginia. The letter is accompanied by an undated envelope featuring an advertisement for Thalhimer Brothers, located at 501 Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia. The envelope's advertisement showcases the store's offerings. The letter itself contains business-related correspondence.

A blue envelope addressed to an unknown recipient, postmarked July 28, 1890. The envelope bears the inscription "OLD PLANTATION NURSERY" and the address "NEW LEVEE & ARABELLA STREET." The geographic context indicates the location to be New Orleans, Louisiana. The sender is listed as Louis Schwan.

This archival record contains two items: a printed return address broadside for Kolasky & Ober, dealers in clothing, gents' furnishing goods, boots, and shoes in New York, NY, dated April 8, 1873; and an envelope from Abrams, N. & Brother in Granville, NY, dated July 7, 1893. The broadside advertises clothing and footwear. The envelope provides a glimpse into business correspondence practices.

An advertising envelope addressed to S. Dreyfuss in Germany (c/o S. Dreyfuss) from Nathan F. Block in Louisville, Kentucky. The front features a small corner advertisement for Nathan F. Block. The back displays a larger advertisement for "Corn Flower Hand Made Sour Mash & University Club; Fire Copper Bourbon." Dated July 8, 1894.

A commercial letter from S. Frankenstein & Son, located in Calverton Stock Yards, Baltimore, Maryland, dated August 12, 1886. The letter is enclosed in an envelope with advertising. The letterhead is visible. The envelope is green with ornate corner details.

Envelope addressed to J. Steinfeld & Co. in Sherman, Texas, postmarked August 22, 1895, advertising Feist Bros., located at 57 Walker Street, near Broadway, New York, New York. The envelope shows advertising for Feist Bros. and Sharr Johnson & Co.

Envelope addressed to C. P. Poppenheim in Charleston, South Carolina, from Hermann Boker & Co. The envelope is dated August 23, 1893. It's part of the O Collection, located in Ms. Coll. 1410, OOS, Box 2, Folder 25.

An advertising envelope from Samuel Steinfelder & Co., located at 588 Broadway, New York, New York. The envelope is dated August 24, 1888, and includes references to Farnham & Chamberlain and locations in Bradford and Wells River, Vermont. The envelope contains a legal document.

An envelope addressed to J. C. Meussdorffer & Bros. in San Francisco, California, with handwritten notation "DRAFT" and originating from L. Daley in Virginia City. The envelope features the Wells, Fargo & Co. logo and is dated August 5, 1872.

This archival object consists of an envelope with an ornate, multicolored tobacco advertisement printed on one-third of its surface. The envelope was addressed to 25 South 4th Street, St. Louis, Missouri. It contains a commercial letter with a distinctive letterhead and a returned envelope. The envelope and its contents are dated September 4, 1898.

An advertising envelope from F. Toplitz & Co., a San Francisco-based business, dated September 5, 1889. The envelope features graphics. The envelope was likely used for commercial purposes.

A letter written on January 14, 1884, by Myer Levi, a dealer in dry goods, notions, groceries, cigars, tobacco, and snuff in Berlin, Maryland, to William B. Tomlinson. The letter concerns a three-month peddler's license and includes a payment of seven dollars. The letter is accompanied by an envelope with advertising.

A letter from O. A. Crawford to the Gassner & Marx Camera Company in Rochester, New York, dated January 17, 1899. The letter is printed on the company's letterhead, which features a lithograph of a Dayplate camera. The envelope also features the company's lithograph. The letter was sent from Thorntown, Indiana.

This archival item consists of a billhead and an accompanying envelope from Robinson, Josiah Greenbaum & Co. The billhead features a logo depicting blue mountain and hayfield rye whiskies. The return address on the envelope is 304 W. Franklin St., Baltimore, Maryland. The date on the billhead and envelope is January 21, 1890. The materials suggest a business relationship between the company and clients in White Stone, Virginia, and Baltimore, Maryland. The enclosed billhead indicates a focus on the food and beverage industry.

A letter written by A. W. Keddie to Chad P. Braynard on October 20, 1869. The letter is written on Levensohn & Galland letterhead, established in 1855. Levensohn was in San Francisco and Galland in Red Bluff, California. The letter was sent via Wells, Fargo & Co. and bears a Red Bluff postmark. The envelope includes advertising.

Letter from G. H. Thompson to Benheim Bros. & Co. in Savannah, Georgia, dated October 6, 1884. The letter, contained within an envelope with advertising for Benheim Bros. & Co. as "Sole Agents for Lorillard & Co.", concerns a sight draft. The invoice for the sight draft is enclosed within the letter.

A letter dated November 27, 1877, from S.W. Rosenstock & Co. to S. Marks & Co. in San Francisco, California. The letter inquires about a consignment, possibly of deerskins for the wife of L. Solomon or 18 bales of wool. The letter includes an advertising insert and pencil notations.

Envelope from Goldsmith, Silver & Co. in Boston, Massachusetts, dated February 8, 1898. The envelope features advertising for "M. C. A." cigars, depicted as spokes of a wheel, and includes the company's establishment date of 1886. Additional addresses are listed as Cor. Causeway & Merrimac Sts. and 44 Summer Street.

A letter written by Henry C. Weisenburger to his wife from Santa Cruz County, California, on March 14, 1899. The letter includes Weisenburger's business logo.

A commercial letter sent by S. N. Scott to Julius Saul in Troy, New York on April 17, 1880. The letter is contained within an envelope with advertising and numerous trade cards.

This archival item consists of a store envelope addressed to B. Loewenstein at H. Rosenthal's, 632 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and containing two handwritten letters dated April 8, 1877. The letters, written in German, are from Morris Strouse and H. Rosenthal, respectively, and appear to be a combination of personal and business correspondence. Each letter is neatly written on four pages of 5" x 7" paper. The envelope also contains an advertising insert (the nature of which is not specified). The letters were sent while Loewenstein was staying at Rosenthal's in Philadelphia, and were subsequently sent to him in Mora, New Mexico.

A business letter written by C. Litschgi to Goodman & Myers on May 16, 1877. The letter was sent from Charleston, South Carolina, and references tobacco and cigar factories in Richmond, Virginia, and New York City. The envelope features advertisements for these factories.

A business letter written on May 26, 1890, by H. M. Selig, a stationer and printer in Savannah, Georgia, to A. W. Grooms in Jacksonville, Florida. Selig offers Grooms employment at a salary of $18.00 per week. The letter is contained within an envelope featuring advertising for Selig's business.

A business letter from Dittenhoefer, Haas & Co., importers and jobbers of men's furnishings and notions located at 61 Front Street, Portland, Oregon, to S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon, dated May 6, 1887. The letter is contained within an envelope with advertising.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The envelope, postmarked June 26, 1886, features advertising for I. Scheier & Son, the Plattsburgh Cigar Factory (established 1863), and the depot for Rochester Brewing & Excelsior Lager. The envelope's address indicates it was sent from Plattsburgh, New York, to Ripton, Vermont. The letter itself is not fully transcribed in the available metadata, but it references the Congregation Beth Israel in Plattsburgh, founded April 27, 1865, and lists Rabbi Jacob Lubin among its leadership.

Envelope addressed to Henry J. Misel at 6 East Blackwell Street. The envelope's return address is missing. Date is July 15, 1903. The letter itself contains full business information, though this information is not specified on the envelope.

A commercial letter from S. & F. Uhlmann to George E. Junacliff in Cooperstown, New York, dated August 13, 1890. The letter is contained within an envelope that features advertising. The letter itself contains a full advertisement.

Envelope from Zweig Brothers, clothing merchants in Cleveland, Ohio, dated August 13, 1900. The envelope features an advertisement matching that on the enclosed invoice, depicting the store at 184-186 Bank Street. The envelope contains an invoice with an image of the store.

Envelope with advertising insert addressed to W.A. Moses and L.E. Moses on August 20, 1889. The insert depicts a picture of Moses in the bulrushes. The return address printed on the envelope is 202 Union Ave., Pueblo, Colorado. The envelope's contents suggest a commercial or mercantile context.

An envelope addressed to M. Samuel & Son at 157 & 159 Commerce Street, Newark, New Jersey, dated August 30, 1898, featuring advertising for Applegate & Hope. The envelope displays commercial printing and letterhead design common to the late 19th century.

Envelope with advertising insert and commercial letter dated September 3, 1856, from L. Samuel to Henry Cohen, with a copy to B.S. Cohen. The letter refers to Henry Cohen, a well-known businessman in stationery supplies who also imports goods from his family firm in London. Henry Cohen is identified as the father of Mary Cohen, and the family is noted for its involvement in Jewish affairs in Philadelphia and Maryland. The family is described as very wealthy.

A letter dated January 1, 1762, from Henry Solomon in London, England, to his cousin Michael Gratz in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Solomon reports on the status of lottery tickets purchased for himself and Gratz, providing details about their participation in the English lottery. A copy of a lottery ticket is included to explain the lottery's workings. This letter offers insights into transatlantic business communication among Jewish merchants.

Undated business letter sent from J. H. Coopsim in Fraser Park, Missouri, to the Rothschild Bank in Paris, France. The letter concerns a customer in Hamburg, Germany. The envelope features the names of J. H. Coopsim and Leonhard Roos Fur Co. and the locations of Fraser Park and St. Louis, Missouri, and Paris, France.

This letter, dated 1846, was written from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York. The author, Judah, writes to Charles Tobias about business matters and money owed.

Printed broadside letter from S. Leebes & Co. announcing a sales call by M. B. Edinger in San Francisco, California, dated January 1, 1876. The letter also mentions a store in Salt Lake City.

A stampless commercial letter from John C. Larr & Co. to Henry Tobias in New York, New York, dated January 11, 1838. The letter discusses commercial items from Philadelphia, PA.

A letter written by Solomon Moses to Hendricks & Brothers on January 18, 1842, concerning copper. The letter mentions the death of Harmon Hendricks and Solomon Moses' involvement in Jewish affairs and his family connections to Rebecca Gratz. The letter was written from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and sent to New York, New York.

A letter written by L. Gershel to Louis Gross on January 2, 1868, concerning a claim against an estate. The letter is written on stationery from "Office of Rosenfield, Gershel & Bro., Wholesale Dealers in Havana and Domestic Segars," located at 86 Maiden Lane, New York City. The letter was sent from New York City to Troy, New York.

A letter written by Phineas De Cordova to Fred. Lewis on January 21, 1879, in New York, New York. The letter concerns a meeting to be held in Judge Cardoza's office as part of a suit mentioned in item #1988. Phineas De Cordova was the half-brother of Jacob Raphael De Cordova and they owned a large land agency in the Southwest.

A business letter dated January 26, 1885, from Henry Solomon & Son, a Savannah, Georgia mercantile firm, to the New Urbana Wine Co. The letter, written on Henry Solomon & Son's stationery (173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia), concerns the receipt of monies.

A three-and-a-half-page letter written by J. Hamilton Criper near Darien, Georgia, to Francis P. Cubin on October 4, 1855. The letter discusses the sale of slaves and mentions Jacob Cohen, a prominent slave dealer in Charleston, South Carolina, who appraised the slaves. The letter highlights Cohen's significant role in the slave trade.

A business letter written by John H. Riker to Louis Taussig & Co. on October 11, 1880, concerning a property with family history. The letter features a striking lithographed letterhead depicting kegs of whiskey, advertising the company's locations at 21 & 23 Lower Market, Covington, KY, and 303 Battery St. & 9 Delaney St., New York, NY.

A business letter written on October 12, 1885, from Porter, Slessinger & Company in San Francisco, California, to J. H. McKnight & Co. in Fort Shaw, Montana. The letter declines an order due to high demand at the eastern factory.

A business letter written by E. Ritzera to M. & S. Sternberger on October 12, 1886. The letter, written on M. & S. Sternberger's letterhead, mentions a judgement and a telephone number (317 Spring). The letterhead indicates the company's location at the corner of Spring and Mercer Streets, New York, New York, within the Empire Commercial Sales Building.

A stampless business letter sent to Henrich Costes in New York City, New York on October 17, 1737. The letter's origin and the writer's identity require further research. The letter was sent from New York to Albany.

A business letter dated October 17, 1892, from D. Rosenbaum in Reading, Pennsylvania, to Porter Bros. & Co. Rosenbaum requests a sample dozen pants buttons, indicating an intention to sell them door-to-door.

A commercial letter written by W. A. Carter to Howard Sanger & Co. on October 20, 1869. The letter was sent from Fort Bridger, Wyoming, to the company's offices in New York, New York. The letterhead displays the address of Howard Sanger & Co. as 105 & 107 Chambers and 89 & 91 Reade Street, New York, New York.

A letter written on October 3, 1874, by Abraham Wolff to Kuhn, Loeb & Company. The letter concerns a property and is written on Kuhn, Loeb & Company lithographed letterhead, 31 Nassau Street.

A letter written by Samuel Vernon to Benjamin Kenk on October 11, 1746, in Newport, Rhode Island. The letter discusses a debt owed by Israels and Nathans, noting that Abraham was committed to paying but was discharged by the Assembly after delivering his estate to creditors.

This undated letter, written by Nathan A. Cohen to Eliza M. Anderson, discusses a business proposal for Cohen's son. The letter was written from Charleston, South Carolina, and discusses business dealings in Washington, D.C. The letter is stampless and is dated November 10, 1850, based on internal evidence.

Letter written by Henry F. Close to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on November 13, 1845, concerning business and family matters. The letter was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York.

A business letter dated November 13, 1883, from F. Silberman & Bros. in Chicago, Illinois to the Farr Alpaca Company. The letter is written on F. Silberman & Bros. letterhead and discusses business matters, likely related to the textile or animal industry given the recipient.

A letter written by Samuel Pettigrew of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Caleb Taylor in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 19, 1817, concerning an order for drugs. The letter provides insights into the business of medicine in early 19th-century America.

A commercial letter dated November 21, 1848, sent from Messick & Towne to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York. The letter discusses the copper trade, highlighting Hendricks & Brothers' role as a major copper importer in the USA and a significant supplier to the U.S. Navy and Paul Revere. The letter is stampless and originates from an arsenal in Philadelphia.

A commercial letter dated November 21, 1857, from the firm Cohen & Fosdick in Savannah, Georgia, to I.G. Weld in Boston, Massachusetts. The letter discusses the cotton market and the state of the river for shipping.

Letter from Solomon Moses in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Harman Hendricks in New York, New York, dated November 24, 1829. The letter discusses copper and business matters. Solomon Moses was involved in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (Rebecca Gratz's sister). He trained in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City.

Letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Edward Pollock & Co. in New York, New York, dated November 27, 1822. The letter pertains to commercial dealings between the two parties and references D. Hart. A stampless cover from Richmond is included.

A broadside letter dated November 4, 1854, from Octavius L. Cohen in Savannah, Georgia, to David S. Brown & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cohen, a cotton merchant, requests business. The broadside portion details cotton market prices and conditions.

A letter written by Edward Johnson Etting to D. C. Collins on November 21, 1835, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses iron and axes and mentions Etting's family history, including his father, Reuben Etting (a Revolutionary War veteran), and his sons, Reuben (1842-1911) and Charles (1844-1910).

A business letter from Baum & Kulman to E. C. Bailey dated December 27, 1879. The letter, functioning as a receipt, discusses business transactions related to dry goods or clothing. The letter was sent from Montgomery, Alabama to an unspecified location, likely in Boston, Massachusetts.

A business letter dated December 28, 1873, from S. Leebes & Co. in Salt Lake City, Utah, to M. B. Edinger and Grau A. Carter in Fort Bridger, Wyoming. The letter confirms the delivery of merchandise from the company's San Francisco store.

A letter written by Max Moses to H. & S. Riker on December 8, 1873, concerning bankruptcy. The letter is dated in New York, New York, and references a business address at 27 Chamber Street.

A commercial letter dated February 10, 1875, from S. Leebes & Co. in San Francisco, California to W. A. Carter in Fort Bridger, Wyoming Territory. The letter mentions sending specimens of Chinese coins. S. Leebes & Co. also had a store in Salt Lake City.

A commercial letter dated February 9, 1885, from Levy, Loeb, Scheuer & Co. in New Orleans, Louisiana, requesting cloth from the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbia, Georgia. The letter is written on Levy, Loeb, Scheuer & Co.'s letterhead, indicating their business address as 82 Canal Street, New Orleans.

A one-page letter written by Isaac Cohn, an oil producer, to Judge J.P. Elkins on March 10, 1910. The letter discusses the necessity of taking over a lease. Cohn's letterhead identifies him as an oil producer and mentions a partnership with Mr. Curtis Elkins of Indiana, Pennsylvania.

This archival item is a letter written by David Judah to Edward Pollock on March 11, 1823, in Richmond, Virginia. The letter pertains to commerce and reflects the close business relationship between Judah and Pollock. The letter was sent without a stamp. David Judah was an auctioneer who dealt in slaves. An advertisement for a Jewish-owned business in Richmond, featuring David Judah, Edward Pollock, and Tobias L. Tobias, appeared in the Richmond Enquirer on July 5, 1822.

A letter written on March 18, 1873, from Moses Bernhard to Einstein concerning the transfer of a title. The letterhead indicates the address of Einstein & Bernhard as 413 Broadway, corner of Lispenard Street, New York, New York. The subject of the letter pertains to mercantile affairs.

A letter written by Moses Bernhard to John H. S. Riker on March 18, 1873, in New York, New York, concerning a title transfer. The letter is printed on Einstein & Bernhard letterhead, indicating a business connection between the parties.

A business letter written by Moses Michael Hays in Boston, Massachusetts on March 19, 1787. The recipient of the letter is unknown.

A letter written by Solomon Moses to Harman Hendricks in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 19, 1828. The letter pertains to copper and other business matters. Solomon Moses was active in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (sister of Rebecca Gratz). He received his business training in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City.

A letter written by Abraham Tobias to I. J. Tobias on March 26, 1839, discussing the difficulties in the wine business, specifically the low prices of champagne and superior wines. The letter was sent from Charleston, South Carolina to New York, New York. The letter mentions a broadside of wines for sale (see 17.108).

A letter written by Judah to Charles Tobias on March 28, 1846, concerning business matters, money owed, and family affairs. The letter was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York.

Letter written by Solomon Moses to Herman Hendricks on March 3, 1828, concerning copper. Moses, active in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (Rebecca Gratz's sister), was trained in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to New York, New York.

A letter dated March 3, 1888, from the Anglo-Californian Bank, Ltd. in San Francisco, California, to the Bullion & Exchange Bank in Carson City, Nevada. The letter explains the workings of the spot silver market and the reasons behind their lower silver price. Philip Lilienthal, founder of the Anglo-Californian Bank in 1873 (successor to J & W Seligman and Co. of London), is mentioned in the context of the letter.

A letter written by David Judah to T. I. Tobias on March 30, 1823, concerning mercantile affairs between the two. The letter, sent from Richmond, mentions a significant fire in Petersburg, Virginia, the previous night that destroyed 50-60 houses. The cover lacks a stamp.

A commercial letter written by David Judah to E. Pollock & Co. on March 30, 1823, in Richmond, Virginia. The letter pertains to commerce between the two associates. The letter was sent from Richmond, Virginia to New York, New York.

A letter written by Julius Lipman on April 16, 1883, to John H. Riker and Robert Drolder in New York City, New York, concerning a property search at 206 Broadway. The letter provides insight into real estate transactions and business dealings in late 19th-century New York.

A letter dated April 21, 1886, from Fechheimer, Rau & Co. to the Forbes Lithograph Manufacturing Company in New York, New York. The letter includes a lithograph of the factory and store located at 361 & 363 Broadway.

A commercial letter written by David Judah to T. I. Tobias & Co. on April 27, 1826. The letter, sent from Richmond, Virginia, to New York, New York, pertains to business matters between the two parties. The letter is a stamped cover.

Letter written by Solomon Moses to Harman W. Hendricks on April 30, 1829, concerning copper. Moses was active in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (sister of Rebecca Gratz). He was trained in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York.

A letter written by Herman Katz of 118 Prince Street, New York, New York, to J. B. Mercer in Reading, Pennsylvania, on April 5, 1893. The letter concerns the offer of buttons.

A letter written by Solomon Hart Marks to Barnard Gratz on May 16, 1796, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses unspecified business issues, suggesting potential difficulties or failures in a venture. The letter is part of the Gratz Collection and the Nathan Family Archive.

Letter from Code, Hopper & Gratz, manufacturers of gas meters and apparatus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to General H. J. Biddle in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, dated May 24, 1861. The letter discusses the completion of 20,000 canteens and offers an additional 60,000 at the same price. The letter is written on the company's illustrated billhead. Robert H. Gratz's signature appears on the letter.

A letter written by Solomon Moses in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Henonely & Brothers in New York, New York on May 5, 1843. The letter discusses business matters related to copper and mentions the death of Harmon Hendricks. Solomon Moses' involvement in Jewish affairs and his family connections are also alluded to.

Letter written by Isaac Moses to James Duff on June 1, 1786, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Moses outlines the ownership of a Tartar cargo, involving Alexander Hamilton and Nicholas Low of Isaac Moses & Co. The letter details Moses's dissolution of his company on January 1, 1786, and Hamilton's role as his attorney in assuring creditors of his worth. Despite initial assurances, Moses declared bankruptcy the following year.

Printed commercial letter of recommendation from William Ward to Sudlow & Co. vouching for Phillip Cohen as a trustworthy merchant. Dated February 10, 1851, in Norfolk, Virginia.

A letter written by Abraham Tobias to T. I. Tobias on June 13, 1840, concerning a bill of laden signed by M. Lopez. The letter was sent from Charleston, South Carolina to New York, New York.

A letter written by I. S. Cohen in Charleston, South Carolina, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, on May 12, 1848. The letter discusses Cohen's business dealings, noting that business is bad and that he is now also selling wine. Cohen mentions his position as a director of the South Western Railroad Bank.

A letter written by Mayer Sternberger of the firm M. & S. Sternberger in New York, New York, on June 14, 1884. The letter concerns a property for sale and includes a telephone number (317 Spring). The letterhead features a distinctive lithograph design.

A business letter written on June 15, 1881, by H. Hall of Feigenbaum & Co. in Highland Mills, New York, to A. Blumenthal in New York City. The letter references samples to be sent and features a prominent company logo.

A letter dated June 17, 1752, from William Vernon in Newport, Rhode Island to Captain Cozzens. Vernon requests 313 pounds and mentions Moses Levy as involved in the transaction. The letter provides insight into the business dealings of prominent figures in 18th-century Newport and the role of Moses Levy, a prominent Jewish merchant.

A letter from Lichtenstein Bros. & Co., cigar manufacturers located at 268 & 270 Bowery, New York, New York, to J. H. Parson in Jefferson, Texas, dated June 24, 1878. The letter is accompanied by a lithograph depicting the company's factory. The letterhead features the company's name and address.

A one and a half page letter dated June 5, 1789, from Capt. John Clarks to Michael Gratz of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Clarks orders items from Gratz against the harvest, notes his inability to dispose of land, and writes from Fair View. Gratz's hand on the back dockets the amount owed on June 30, 1789.

A letter written by Levi Strauss to Harvey & Kennedy in San Francisco, California on June 6, 1859. The letter encloses a draft for $1256.28. This is an early example of Levi Strauss's business correspondence.

A one-page letter written by Isaac Cohen, an oil producer, to Judge J.P. Elkins on June 8, 1908, from Chelsea, Oklahoma. Cohen discusses his inability to work with a Mr. Curtis Elkins of Indiana, Pennsylvania, suggesting a business partnership. The letter is written on Isaac Cohen Oil Producer letterhead.

A single-page business letter dated July 17, 1874, written on the letterhead of Phillip Schoeneman & Son, wholesale clothiers located at 225 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter is addressed to Homsher & Coulter. The letter mentions Charles Schoeneman and his wife's burial in Mt. Sinai Cemetery, Philadelphia.

A stampless commercial letter written by H. Tobias to C. Tobias on July 18, 1842, concerning business affairs. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York. The letter is part of the 'Arc.MS.56, Volume A, Page 19' collection.

A commercial letter from Matthew Parker & Co. to Harmon Hendricks in New York City, dated July 30, 1825. The letter, sent from Liverpool, includes an invoice and pertains to copper importation, a significant business for the Hendricks family for five generations.

A commercial letter sent from Waterbury, Connecticut to Hendricks & Brothers in New York City on July 4, 1845. The letter pertains to the copper trade; Hendricks & Brothers were major copper importers in the USA, supplying the Navy and Paul Revere. The letter is stampless.

A commercial letter from A. C. Brown & Green in New York City to Hendricks Brothers in Liverpool, England, dated July 4, 1851. The letter pertains to the copper trade, highlighting Hendricks Brothers' significant role as a major copper importer in the USA and a primary supplier to the US Navy and Paul Revere. The letter is stampless.

A letter written by Harmon Hendricks to H. A. Perkins in New York, New York on April 7, 1830. The letter concerns a debt and mentions Hendricks's involvement in the copper import business. The letter is stampless and originates from Hartford.

Autograph letter signed by Jacob I. Cohen to Elie Beatty, dated August 21, 1820. Written from Baltimore, Maryland, the letter discusses the transmittal of a check and notes the failure of the Central Bank of Georgetown & Washington. The letter is franked "p paid JIC Jr."

A business letter dated August 25, 1885, from A. Lehmann & Co. in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter concerns the transmittal of funds. The letterhead features a large lithograph of a store.

This letter, dated September 20, 1875, was written by Ebenezer C. Bailey to Mayer Brothers in Demopolis, Alabama. The letter discusses the transmittal of a bill. Mayer Brothers were early Jewish merchants in Demopolis.

A letter written by Lyman Duke to Isaac Marx on December 7, 1874, in Demopolis, Alabama. The letter details Duke's travel plans as a traveling salesman. It is written on Marx's stationery.

A commercial letter written by Charles Smith & Co. in New York, New York to William Vernon in Newport, Rhode Island on September 27, 1794. The letter mentions enclosed bills and notes, and references Nathan Phillips and Charles De Wolfe. William Vernon is noted as the largest slaver in the U.S.

A business letter dated September 4, 1894, from Solomon Frank and Frank & Adler, located at 212 & 214 W. Baltimore Street in Baltimore, Maryland, concerning a missing interest payment. The letter is written in English.

This archival item consists of business correspondence related to the address 358 Broadway in New York City. The correspondence is dated September 6th, 1898. The correspondence involves Max Scheurer, Ralph Scheurer, and Isaac Scheurer.

A letter written by William Vernon on September 9, 1747, in Newport, Rhode Island. The letter pertains to the collection of a debt owed on a note previously referenced in another letter from this folio. The recipients are Abraham, Israel, and Nathan Nathan.

A letter from Isaac Rosenbaum to Bloom & Godley, dated July 16, 1893, offering 2000 pounds of prime "live" goose feathers. Rosenbaum's firm in Trenton, New Jersey manufactures bedding. The feathers are located at 321 & 323 East Market Street, between Floyd and Preston in Louisville, Kentucky. Bloom & Godley's advertisement is printed on the envelope.

A commercial letter dated July 14, 1857, from Newton Keates & Co. in Liverpool, England, to Hendricks Brothers in New York, New York. The letter pertains to business matters related to the Hendricks copper dynasty.

A letter written by E. R. Schneider to the Urbana Wine Co. in Hammondsport, New York, on January 29, 1885. The letter was sent from Augusta, Georgia, and discusses business matters, possibly related to the wine trade. The letterhead features an image and the address 601 & 802 Broad Street, Augusta, Georgia.

A business letter dated October 3, 1884, from B. Moog in Mobile, Alabama, to the Urbana Wine Co. in Hammondsport, New York. The letter features a lithographed letterhead depicting the Urbana Wine Co.'s store. The letterhead also indicates that B. Moog is the successor to A. & B. Moog.

A letter written by Samuel Westheimer of St. Joseph, Missouri, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, on November 23, 1885. The letter is written on illustrated letterhead and mentions that no business is transacted on Saturdays. The letterhead features a graphic and the company's name.

Letter from A. & B. Moog in Hammondsport, New York, to the Urbana Wine Co. in Mobile, Alabama, dated November 24, 1882. The letter discusses business matters, possibly related to the wine trade. A lithograph of the Urbana Wine Co. store is mentioned.

A letter written by Sam Schneider to the Urbana Wine Company on December 11, 1883. The letter, written on illustrated letterhead, mentions the American Distilling Company and has addresses in Chicago, Illinois and Hammondsport, New York.

A business letter dated December 14, 1883, from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter features a logo for the Union Steam Mills Co. The letter is part of the 'E' Collection at the University of Pennsylvania.

A letter written by Simon Greenbaum to the Urbana Wine Company on February 28, 1882. The letter is written on a printed sheet listing Urbana Wine Company's wines and prices. Greenbaum's address is listed as 80 5th Ave, Chicago, Illinois.

A business letter dated March 25, 1884, from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter features the logo of the Union Steam Mills Co. The letterhead includes the address of Henry Solomon & Son.

A letter written by Simon Greenbaum to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, dated February 28, 1882. The letter discusses business matters and was likely sent from Chicago, Illinois.

A business letter from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, dated April 18, 1884. The letter pertains to business dealings between the two companies.

A business letter dated April 26, 1884, from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Co. in Hammondsport, New York. The letter discusses business matters between the two companies.

A letter written in broken English from M. Elfenbein in Buffalo, New York, to the Urbana Wine Company on April 28, 1884. The letter concerns the business of empty bottles.

A letter written by L. Kaufman of Kaufman & Company in Rochester, New York to the Urbana Wine Co. in Hammondsport, New York, dated April 9, 1884. The letter discusses business matters; the content is not fully legible in the available images.

A letter written by Paul Friedman of Offer & Friedman, located at 419 & 421 Jackson Street, to W. T. Bone in Pico Rivera, California, on May 28, 1888. The letter concerns a check written by Bone to Friedman and includes a notary certificate signed by Louis Meininger. The letter is written on Friedman's letterhead.

A letter written by E. R. Schneider to the Urbana Wine Co. on June 27, 1884. The letter was sent from Augusta, Georgia, to Hammondsport, New York. The letterhead features the Urbana Wine Co. logo and address: 601 & 802 Broad Street, Augusta, Georgia.

A letter written by Sam Schneider to the Urbana Wine Company in Chicago, Illinois on August 15, 1884, mentioning the American Distilling Company and Hammondsport, New York. The letter is on letterhead.

A letter written on the verso of a printed broadside detailing prices in New Orleans. The letter, dated September 1, 1842, was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to Belmont, referencing dealings with Rothschild's Bank. The broadside itself is the New Orleans Price-Current, Commercial Intelligence, and Merchant's Transcript.

Two-page letter written in German from A. Cahn in Grenada, Mississippi, to Jacobs & Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1849. Cahn requests that Jacobs & Mayer place a notice in New York and Philadelphia newspapers warning merchants against extending credit to M. Leoney (Marcus Levy), whose business has ceased to exist and whose goods have been seized by Cahn.

A two-and-a-half-page German-language business letter from H. Fuhrman to Jacobs Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated October 12, 1847. The letter details business matters and includes a list of merchandise totaling over 1700 dollars. The letter was sent from Delphi, Indiana.

A business letter addressed to Jacob I. Cohen, Jr., president of the Baltimore Fire Insurance Company, concerning insurance on a house. Written in Frederick, Maryland, and addressed to Baltimore, Maryland, on October 12, 1850.

A one-page business letter written in English and German from J.B. Jacobs & Co. to Jacobs Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on October 30, 1846. The letter discusses business matters. Related correspondence exists (see 20.512 & 20.518).

This archival item consists of a single, stampless letter dated November 15, 1825, written by David Judah of Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias. The letter discusses blankets, woolens, and other mercantile items, suggesting a business relationship between the two individuals. Judah mentions his poor health, detailing symptoms of gout, headaches, and fever. Accompanying metadata references additional letters in the collection from David Judah to Reverend Isaac Leeser. Also included is information about a July 5, 1822, advertisement in the *Richmond Enquirer* for a Jewish-owned business including David Judah, Edward Pollack, and Tobias L. Tobias. David Judah is noted as an auctioneer who dealt in slaves, referencing Bertram Korn's *Jews and Negro Slavery 1789-1865*.

A stampless business letter written by Alexander Kursheedt in New York, New York, to Henry White in New Haven, Connecticut, on November 18, 1837. The letter discusses business matters.

A stampless letter from the firm Cohen & Fosdick in Savannah, Georgia, to I. G. Weld in Boston, Massachusetts, dated November 5, 1852. The letter discusses cotton prices and is written on a copy of "The Savannah Republican Prices Current," Vol. 12, No. 8.

This letter, dated November 9, 1846, was written by Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses wine and Minis' refusal of special credit terms.

A letter dated December 20, 1854, from Jacobs Levi & Co. in San Francisco, California to John F. Miller. The letter concerns a debt of $495.26 owed by Louis Vogel of Santa Rosa Valley, dating back to August 1853. The letter is written in English.

A two-page business letter dated December 4, 1843, from Tobias, M.L. & Co. in England to Henry Tobias. The letter discusses the business's dealings in gold pencils, tin items, and apples. It also mentions difficulties in hiring men and requests 250 prime cigars. A third page, apparently from G.W. Tobias, adds a short update on the business. The letter is addressed to Henry Tobias in New York City, at a Nassau Street address. The Tobias family in England was known for watchmaking; many timepieces were sold through their relative in New York.

A business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to M. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on December 4, 1843. The letter pertains to business matters, reflecting the commercial activities of the Tobias family, known for their involvement in the clock and watch industry.

Letter written by Theodore A. Meyer from Newberry, South Carolina, to Zadig Levy on December 7, 1848, responding to a complaint about an order of knives that Levy claimed he never received. The letter was sent from Newberry, South Carolina to New York, New York.

A business letter dated February 12, 1825, from A. Solomons in Albany, New York, to T. I. Tobias. Solomons complains about a monetary draft on the Bank of Montreal that kept his money idle for over a month. The letter references Levy Solomons and his business at 346 North Market Street, Albany.

A stampless business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York City on March 13, 1840. The letter discusses the poor state of business. The Tobias family was known for its involvement in the clock and watch industry.

A one and three-quarter page letter written in German from M. Mayer to Jacobs & Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 15, 1849. The letter discusses business matters and was written from Franklin, Mississippi. M. Mayer died of yellow fever in Grand Gulf in 1853.

A one-and-a-half-page stampless letter written in German from Isaac Mayer to Lazarus Mayer, care of Jacobs & Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated March 22, 1848, the letter discusses business matters, specifically mentioning spools and steel. Related correspondence includes items 20.512, 20.518, and others detailing communications among Jewish merchants and Jacobs & Mayer. A later notation on the letter suggests a date of March 29, 1849.

A business letter written by Henry Tobias of M. L. Tobias & Co. in Liverpool, England, dated April 15, 1843. The letter was sent to an unspecified recipient in New York City. The content of the letter pertains to business matters. The letter is stampless.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by David Hart to George W. Johnson & Co. on April 19, 1836. The letter details a sales account. Hart's letter was sent care of Judah Touro. In 1845, Hart was listed among the 100 wealthiest citizens of New York City. The letter was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York.

A one-page business letter written by David Hart to George W. Johnson & Co. on April 3, 1835. The letter, sent care of Judah Touro, details Hart's sales on behalf of Johnson. In 1845, Hart was listed among the 100 wealthiest citizens of New York City.

A one-half page commercial letter from A. Cahn to Jacobs & Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated January 29, 1849. The letter discusses business matters, including the enclosure of $100 and reference to a previous $1000 payment. The letter was sent from Grenada, Mississippi, to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A one-page, stampless letter written in German from A. Cahn in Grenada, Mississippi, to Jacobs Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on April 8, 1848. The letter discusses business matters and references a draft on Gans & Shoneman in Philadelphia. Similar correspondence can be found in files 20.512 and 20.517.

A one-half page commercial letter, written in English, from H. Fuhrman & Co. in Delphi, Indiana to Jacobs Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 18, 1848. The letter discusses business matters, including a draft for $1000 to James Speas at Tweedy & Coulter in New York. It is part of a series of correspondence between Jewish merchants and Jacobs & Mayer (located at 215 1/2 Market Street, Philadelphia).

A letter dated July 29, 1834, from M. Isaacson in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. Isaacson discusses closing his fur business and seeking new employment as a fur manufacturer, merchant, clerk, bookkeeper, or salesman. He mentions a Cohen in Philadelphia, offering insight into a Jewish self-help network.

Business letter dated September 3, 1849, from Cohen & Hertz in Salem, Massachusetts, to John E. Gardner in Savannah, Georgia. The letter discusses the shipment of lumber and also mentions the dissolution of one firm and the formation of Cohen & Hertz.

A letter written by Isaac A. Isaacs to I. M. Singer & Co. on January 14, 1862, in Cleveland, Ohio. The letter concerns a dispute and includes a lithograph of the store.

Commercial letter written by L. Levy and I. Mincer of their dry goods store in Waxahachie, Texas, to Eagle & Phoenix & Co. in Columbus, Georgia, on January 17, 1887. The letter discusses commercial matters.

Commercial letter written by Simon Lewy, successor to S. Waxelbaum, of Eufaula, Alabama, to Alfred I. Young in Columbus, Georgia, on December 8, 1886. The letter is on Lewy's letterhead, advertising his business at 175 Broad Street, Eufaula, Alabama.

A commercial letter dated February 16, 1884, from Browne & Manganaes to Eisemann Brothers in Las Vegas, New Mexico. The letter pertains to tallow and was sent from a branch in Fernando de Taos.

A letter from Frederick Cohen, dated March 1, 1888, apologizing for the delay in installing a burglar alarm system. The letterhead features an illustration and the business information: "ELECTRICITY IN ALL ITS BRANCHES...ELECTRICAL & GAS LIGHTING.....CALL BELLS & BUGLAR ALARMS", 814 N. 21ST STREET, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

This letter, dated June 15, 1844, was written by Hyman Gratz from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to William Reynolds in Meadville, Pennsylvania. The content pertains to business matters related to Gratz's role as president of the Pennsylvania Life Insurance Company. The letter is part of the Gratz Family Papers collection.

Letter written by Michael Lazarus to Shubael Hutchins in Providence, Rhode Island, on July 30, 1846, from Charleston, South Carolina. Lazarus expresses disappointment with the price Hutchins received for selling cotton and discusses current market prices.

A commercial letter written by David Hays in Baltimore, Maryland, to Porter & Hoover on January 22, 1849. The letter is written in English and discusses commercial matters. The letter is a stampless example.

Commercial letter and bill of lading concerning a shipment of pecans from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York. The letter, dated between January 15, 1842 and January 10, 1843, details a transaction between Henry Tobias and L. C. Mygatt. The documents are written in English.

Printed letterhead from the Banking House of J. I. Cohen & Brothers in Baltimore, Maryland, dated May 20, 1835. The letter, written to Elie Beatty in Hagerstown, Maryland, is a commercial communication.

A commercial letter written by M. Hellman and Co. of Omaha, Nebraska, to W. A. Carter in Fort Bridger, Wyoming, on October 29, 1877. The letter is printed on the company's letterhead, which features their address and a vignette of their store. The letter is part of a larger collection of Judaica Americana.

A commercial letter written on the letterhead of Fred J. Kiesel & Co., wholesale dealers in groceries, liquor, tobacco, and cigars, in Ogden, Utah, dated December 29, 1888. The letter was addressed to Mary E. Carter.

A commercial letter addressed to Max Meyer & Co., a cigar manufacturer and retailer of firearms, ammunition, and other goods, located at 171 Farnham Street, corner of 11th Street, Omaha, Nebraska. The letter is dated December 8, 1873.

A commercial letter written by H. Vogelman, a manufacturer and dealer in boots, shoes, hats, caps, leather, and findings, located at 20 Mill Street, Grass Valley, California. Dated February 10, 1895, the letter promises to send money and complains of dull business conditions. The letterhead is described as "very crude."

A commercial letter dated June 6, 1884, sent from Menken Brothers in Memphis, Tennessee to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter displays elaborate letterhead featuring a vignette. The content pertains to business matters. This letter is part of a larger collection spanning from 1864, showcasing the growth of the Menken Brothers' business.

A business letter from B. Levi Sons, located at 107-111 St. Joseph Street, Rochester, New York, dated July 19, 1900. The letterhead features a picture of a man in a skullcap and depicts a warehouse. The content of the letter pertains to business matters.

A business letter written by the Spiesberger Brothers, located at 406 Main Street, Keokuk, Iowa, on August 19, 1889. The letter's recipient and contents are unknown, though the subject may relate to their clothing business. The letter mentions Meyer Spiesberger's role as president of Keokuk's first building for a synagogue.

Shipping record addressed to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, NY, from L. & I.G. Grinnell in New Bedford, MA, dated June 22, 1849. The letter is written on the document. The Hendricks family was in the copper business for five generations until 1918 and were affiliated with the same synagogue for 200 years.

Postcard dated April 30, 1898, from Gustav Frank & Co. in New York City, announcing the dissolution of the Tariff Association and the consequent ability to offer lower insurance rates. The message is written on the back of the postcard.

A letter dated November 18, 1891, from Hirsh & Brother in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, requesting Wells Fargo Bank in Carson City, Nevada to collect on a draft. The letter includes the address 1309-1317 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Billhead from Rosenthal Bros., located at 46, 48 & 50 Greene Street. The date on the billhead is October 1, 1995. The item is from archival collection Arc.MS.56, Box 13, Folder 7.

Commercial letter written by Abraham Hart, a leading Jewish figure and president of Mikveh Israel, to R. Bacon in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 18, 1865.

A commercial letter written by H. Marx in New York City to Jacob & Meyer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 12, 1849. The letter mentions Jacob L. Seixas in New York City.

This archival item consists of a letter and envelope dated November 27, 1885, from August Belmont, Jr. to Mr. Thayer. The letter was sent from Belmont, New York. The letter is part of a larger collection documenting the life and career of August Belmont Sr., a prominent American financier born in Alzey, Prussia in 1813 to a Jewish family. Belmont Sr. immigrated to New York City in 1837, becoming a representative of the Rothschild banking house. He established August Belmont & Company, played a significant role in American finance, and actively supported the Union cause during the Civil War. This letter from his son, August Belmont Jr., offers insight into the family's continued involvement in finance and business in the late 19th century.

A letter written by Simon Novitzky to G. L. Kingsley on February 10, 1874. The letter was sent via Wells Fargo & Co. and traveled between Red Bluff and Grass Valley, California.

A one-page business letter written by David Hart to George W. Johnson & Co. in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 1, 1835. The letter was sent care of Judah Touro. In 1845, Hart was listed among the 100 wealthiest citizens of New York City.

A letter written by A. Strauss to the Singer Manufacturing Co. on June 13, 1865, concerning a tax matter. The letter originates from Delaware, Ohio, United States. The letter is not related to Jewish individuals or organizations.

Three-page letter dated February 16, 1779, written in Lancaster, Pennsylvania by Levy Andrew Levy and Joseph Simon to Michael Gratz in Philadelphia. The letter discusses potential army irregularities in handling the goods of Brizard Magruder, brother-in-law of Levy. It includes a signed note by Michael Gratz dated March 3, 1779. The letter offers insights into family and business matters during the early days of the American Revolution.

Two-page letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Isaac Leeser in Baltimore, Maryland on January 17, 1826. Judah discusses business commissions, a trip down the James River to Norfolk, and travel plans to Philadelphia. The letter provides details of Judah's activities and social interactions, offering insights into daily life in the early 19th century.

Two letters from Leo Demery of New Orleans to Isaac Leeser, dated December 24, 1850, and January 5, 1851. The letters express Demery's frustration with the irregular delivery of the Occident, a publication edited by Leeser. Demery details his unsuccessful attempts to receive back issues and notes that the publication's unreliability discourages potential subscribers. He mentions contacting Isaac Hart, Leeser's agent, for assistance but was instructed to write Leeser directly, incurring additional postage costs.

A single-page letter written on October 1, 1850, by Mordecai Manuel Noah to his son, Jacob Noah. The letter, written in New York, New York, discusses family matters and business dealings, including advice on interacting with an important individual.

Three-page letter written by Moses Mendes Sollas of Buff Bay, St. George's, Jamaica, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 14, 1844. Sollas, a wealthy merchant and lay leader of K.K. Shahar Ashamaim synagogue in Kingston, requests information on firms exporting spiced beef to Jamaica. The letter also contains advice to Leeser regarding his efforts to organize the American Jewish community and observations on the wealthy, along with book orders.

A one-page letter dated December 13, 1830, from David Judah and Zalma Rehine in Baltimore, Maryland to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Judah discusses closing his castor oil business and requests Leeser to inform Solomon Levy. Rehine's note mentions unfavorable business dealings with Mr. Jacobs and sends greetings to the Pixiotto family. The letter offers insight into Jewish commercial activities and challenges in the early 19th century. Additional notes discuss the context of this letter within a larger collection of correspondence between Leeser and Judah and Rehine, highlighting a significant gap in their communication and suggesting family connections. The description also includes information about Zalma Rehine's role in the Baltimore Jewish community and a reference to an advertisement from the Richmond Enquirer (July 5, 1822) featuring a Jewish-owned business.

A letter written by Abraham Tobias to T.I. Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina on December 26, 1835. The letter expresses sympathy regarding the Great Charleston Fire of 1835, which destroyed nearly 700 buildings, mostly commercial enterprises. Tobias also details his new business partnership with D.C. Levy under the name A. Tobias & Co.

A letter from H. Levinson of the firm Harmam & Levinson in Brenham, Washington County, Texas, to Isaac Leeser, dated December 28, 1849. The letter, which is unstamped, concerns an order for "occidents."

One-page letter written by N. Gallinger to Isaac Leeser on March 15, 1858, from Pittsburgh. The letter discusses sales to Rodeph Shalom, with Gallinger identified as Leeser's agent in Pittsburgh.

Letter written by David Judah to Isaac Leeser on April 12, 1849, concerning family matters. The letter was written from Baltimore, Maryland, and addressed to Leeser in either Philadelphia or New York. This letter is part of a larger collection of correspondence spanning several years, with a notable gap between 1831 and 1848.

Two-page letter written on the letterhead of the "Office Assistant Quartermaster, Bureau Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands," from D. Carvahlo in New Orleans to Reverend Isaac Leeser on April 19, 1866. The letter discusses business matters related to books, with Carvahlo expressing some frustration.

A letter written by Myer Wineman to Asher D. Cohen on May 2, 1889, in Jacksonville, Florida. The letter, written on El Modelo Cigar Mfg. letterhead, discusses Wineman's inability to assist Cohen, stating that it is not due to religious reasons. The letterhead lists Herman Myers as President and Sego Myers as Secretary-Treasurer.

Two-page letter written by Mayer Sulzberger on his letterhead (6th & Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) to Simon Muhr on May 31, 1880. The letter, part of a set of eight, was written while Muhr was traveling abroad. The content includes commentary on political investment.

Autograph letter signed by Solomon Etting to Michael Gratz, dated May 7, 1787. Written from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, the letter discusses family matters, finances, and a planned visit by Shinah Simon. The letter is two pages long.

Letter from David Judah to Isaac Leeser regarding book business, dated July 3, 1848, in Baltimore, Maryland. This letter is part of a larger correspondence spanning several years, with a notable gap between 1831 and 1848. The letter sheds light on the business dealings and relationship between the two men.

Typed letter signed by Jacob H. Schiff on Kuhn, Loeb & Co. letterhead, expressing displeasure towards Sir Julian Goldsmid. Written in New York, New York on September 16, 1889.

Autograph letter signed by Zalma Rehine to Isaac Leeser. Written in Baltimore, Maryland on December 19, 1836, the letter concerns business matters. The letter was sent to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A one-page letter written by Henry Labatt in New Orleans, Louisiana to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on August 1, 1848. The letter details Labatt's book business, including a book request from Juda Touro and his 10% commission.

Autograph letter signed by Michael Nesbit to T. I. Tobias. Written in New York City on August 13, 1835. The letter contains both personal and business matters. Nesbit was a partner in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nesbit. This is one of three letters written in the same month.

A letter written by Michael Nesbet to T. I. Tobias on August 27, 1835, from New York City. The letter contains both personal and business matters, and references Nesbet's involvement in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nesbet. This is one of three letters exchanged between the two men in August 1835.

Autograph letter signed by Michael Nisbet to T. I. Tobias, written in New York City on August 28, 1835. The letter discusses both personal and business matters. Nisbet was a partner in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nisbet. This is one of three letters exchanged between the correspondents in August 1835. Nisbet was active in Jewish affairs.

Collection of four documents pertaining to the Victoria Rock Oil Company of Canadian West, 1865. Two of the documents are letters signed by Isaac Levy selling his interests in the company, both bearing revenue stamps. The documents relate to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Business card for Gulick & Van Kleeck, tea and syrup jobbers, located at 120 Warren Street. The card indicates that R. M. Gulick represents the company at 154 3rd Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA. The card is dated circa 1885.

Trade card for Strickler & Schwartz, located at 297 Main St. The card provides instructions for saving lives, including how to revive a drowning victim or someone who has been poisoned. The card is circa 1885.

Business card of Samuel Hart, listing addresses in Philadelphia (416 South 13th St.) and New York City (307 Broadway), and indicating a possible connection to Mikveh Israel Congregation. The card mentions a 'Club House Card' and notes a family relationship ('cousin of Isaac Levy/nephew of Lewis I. Cohen'). The card is dated circa 1858 based on the archival collection's context.

A letter dated October 21, 1880, from A. Bacharach & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to R. Loewenstein & Co. in Mora, New Mexico, declining a $3.00 allowance for a damaged coat and offering $2.00 instead. The letter is contained within an advertisement envelope from A. Bacharach & Co. at 409 Market Street, Philadelphia. The letter was written by A. Bacharach and addressed to R. Loewenstein.

A half-page letter dated June 4, 1765, from Moses Michael Hays in New York to Michael Gratz in Philadelphia. Hays requests Gratz forward an enclosed letter (now missing) to Abraham Sarzedas in Charleston, South Carolina, via Isaac DaCosta. The letter also mentions an enclosed letter for Elias Miranda and Hays's wishes for Gratz's upcoming business trip to Curaçao. The cover is addressed to Gratz but notes it is "in favor Mr. Levy."

Three letters written in ink from Nathan Joseph, a San Francisco fishing equipment dealer, to Henry Hall of Hall Fishing Line in Central Valley, NY. Dated February 21, March 8, and March 17, 1881, the letters detail orders for various fishing lines, including oil silk line and hard braided linen. One letter requests that the order be forwarded to Henry Levy & Son in New York City. The correspondence provides insight into the business dealings of early fishing equipment dealers. Note: The collection also contains a canvas fishing pouch with the inscription "EST. 1842..L.LEVY..4 BARCLAY STREET UNDER THE; ASTOR HOUSE...BRANCH STORE #2 VESEY ST...PICTURE OF A FISH..; FISHING TACKLE ..SPORTING GOODS".

This archival collection contains three items: two envelopes and an advertisement. The first envelope is addressed to S. Rosenbaum & Son at 227 6th Street in Louisville, Kentucky, and postmarked December 17, 1883. The second envelope is addressed to Rosenbaum Brothers in Louisville, Kentucky and postmarked February 17, 1884. A separate advertisement for the American Cigar Company, featuring Philip Whitlock, is dated 1886. The envelopes show business relationships in Louisville, Kentucky and Derby, Indiana, and the advertisement provides insight into the tobacco industry of the time.

A letter written by Isaac A. Isaacs to I. M. Singer & Co. on March 6, 1862, in Cleveland, Ohio. Isaacs orders two sewing machines and encloses a draft for $100, noting he will settle the final price upon arrival in New York. The letter features a lithograph of the Union Hall store.

A letter written by William Frank of the Frankstown Glass Works in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, on June 20, 1868. The letter concerns enclosed invoices and a bill of lading.

A letter written by D. Wolfson to M. Joseph on June 22, 1889, concerning a claim made by Kahn and Schloss. The letter references a legal matter and is addressed to M. Joseph, a dry goods and notions merchant in Columbus, Georgia. The letter's content is partially visible in the provided image.

An envelope addressed to L. & E. Emanuel at 725 Market Street, San Francisco, California, postmarked June 27, 1883. The return address is Bachman Bros., 10 and 12 Battery Street, San Francisco. The envelope mentions Herman S., Nathan S., David S., and Leopold S. It is suggested these individuals are associated with Bachman Brothers.

A single-page commercial letter written on the letterhead of S. Seligman & Brother, merchants in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Dated September 6, 1876, the letter is addressed to Felipe Chaves in Belen, New Mexico. The letter announces the upcoming visit of a salesman with samples of fall and winter goods and details their extensive stock of dry goods and notions at competitive prices.

A commercial letter written by A. Adler & Co., distillers and wholesale liquor dealers located at Third & Market Square in St. Joseph, Missouri, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, on November 17, 1876. The letter's content is brief.

A commercial letter dated August 14, 1879, from A. Furst & Co., wholesale liquor dealers and sole agents for Schlitz, located at 114 South Third Street & Market Square, St. Joseph, Missouri, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter briefly discusses business matters.

A commercial letter dated November 20, 1877, from Bamberger, Bloom & Co. in Louisville, Kentucky. The letter mentions "Kentucky Jeans" and references two business locations in Louisville. The letter is written by Leo Bloom to George Urban, Jr.

A brief commercial letter from the publishing firm Naar, Day & Naar to E. C. Taylor dated April 20, 1869, in Trenton, New Jersey. The letter is from the office of the Daily and Weekly True American.

A commercial letter dated June 4, 1881, from S. Strauss & Co., distillers and wholesale liquor dealers in Charleston, West Virginia, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Rheims, New York. The letter's content is brief.

A commercial letter dated May 11, 1882, from S. Strauss & Co., distillers and wholesale liquor dealers, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company. The letter was written on high-quality watermarked stationery and discusses business matters. The letter originated in Charleston, West Virginia and was sent to Rheims, New York.

A letter written by Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on May 10, 1849, to his father, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York City. The letter discusses the sale of wine.

A broadside letter dated June 24, 1848, from William Hunt, author of *American Biography*, to Congressman James McDowell. Hunt solicits McDowell's purchase of copies of his book and mentions J. N. Cardozo as a reference. Hunt is identified as the publisher of the *Evening News*, Charleston, South Carolina. The letter was sent from Washington, D.C., to Albany, New York.

A commercial letter dated May 4, 1885, from Lehman, Stern & Co. (Successors to Lehman, Abraham & Co.) in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter discusses funds and mentions Lehman Bros. in New York City and Lehman, Durr & Co. in Montgomery, Alabama.

A letter dated December 10, 1886, from Lehman, Stern & Co. (successors to Lehman, Abraham & Co.) in Sumter, South Carolina, to Altamont Moses. The letter discusses funds and references Lehman Brothers in New York City and Lehman, Durr & Co. in Montgomery, Alabama. The letterhead indicates the company's address as Corner Gravier & Baronne Sts., Sumter, South Carolina.

A commercial letter written by Simon Lewy in Eufaula, Alabama, to Alfred I. Young on October 26, 1886, concerning an order for cloth from the Red Cash Store, successor to S. Waxelbaum. The letter references business transactions and the clothing trade.

A commercial letter dated June 8, 1885, from M. Levy & Sons in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Company in Columbus, Georgia. The letter concerns funds.

Commercial letter from Mendel, Rosenberger & Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to G. Gunby Jordan in Columbus, Georgia, dated July 17, 1884. The letter pertains to financial matters.

A letter written by R. G. Harseim on May 9, 1887, in Indianapolis, Indiana, concerning a cloth order. The letterhead features an illustration. The letter references cloth order numbers 23 and 25 and an address at 23 & 25 East South Street.

Envelope with advertising for Loewenstein, Strousse & Co., Wholesale Clothiers, located at 16 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The envelope is addressed to Loewenstein, Strousse & Co. and mailed from Mora, New Mexico on May 31, 1894. This item is described as a good example of mercantile reach in the West.

A business letter dated February 11, 1887, from Scheuer Brothers in Cartersville, Georgia, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter pertains to a request for cloth.

This letter, written in German and English, is from William Frank of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to the Jewish firm of Jacobs & Meyer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated July 19, 1847, it concerns a three-hundred-dollar draft. The letter is significant as it's the earliest known correspondence from William Frank, a pioneer of Pittsburgh's Jewish community.

This archival item consists of a letter dated September 2, 1875, from Jacobs, E. & B. to Louis Frommer. The letter, written from Shreveport, Louisiana, concerns an apology for not sending funds. Jacobs, E. & B. identified themselves as "Importers & Wholesale Dealers in Dry Goods, Notions, Groceries, Hardware, Guns, Shoes, hats, Liquors, Tobacco & Cigars." The letter's physical location is Arc.MS.56, Box 11, Folder 9.

Autograph letter signed by L. Hirschfeld to Jacobs, Meyer & Co., dated July 24, 1847. The letter, primarily in German with some English, discusses a draft for three hundred dollars and orders textiles. Postmarked Pittsburgh and docketed July 19, 1847, by the recipient. One of the earliest extant letters from a Jew in Pittsburgh.

Billhead from W. H. Aaron of Patton, Pennsylvania, dated October 14, 1876. The terms specified are "strictly cash or produce."

A letter written by Jeanette Marcuse, wife of Abraham Marcuse, to William A. Bolinger from Marysville, California, dated March 15, 1865. The letter discusses the receipt of a bar of $3250.00, shipment of the bar to San Francisco, and the sending of $200 in silver coin via Whiting's Express. It also mentions that Marks has gone to San Francisco and will return in a few days.

A two-page letter written by Samuel Myers in Petersburg, Virginia, on September 26, 1790, and addressed to Richard Vance (or Douse) in Philadelphia. The letter is a folded, stampless cover and letter combination.

A one-page commercial letter, written on April 13, 1821, from J. M. Phillips in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses merchandise, primarily dry goods, that were sent on consignment from New York to Philadelphia, including details about pricing and sales.

A single-page letter on the letterhead of the West Philadelphia Passenger Railway Company, dated January 23, 1873, sent to Moses Aaron Dropsie. The letter informs Dropsie of an annual pass and mentions a supplement in the Pamphlet Laws of 1865. The letterhead features an illustration of the company's headquarters and railway station.

A stampless folded letter written on March 15, 1836, from Henry Moore in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to Daniel Aqueco in Beaver, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses the appointment of engineers for canal routes to Erie, mentioning individuals like Mr. Sullivan and Mr. Livermore. Moore also describes his meetings with Mr. Moss, a Philadelphia banker, and comments on the view from the Pennsylvania state capitol and upcoming political events.

A letter written on M. Jacobs & Co. letterhead, dated July 6, 1897, concerning a shipment of cornmeal. The letter is addressed to C. D. Clarke in Peoria, Arizona, and was sent from the M. Jacobs & Co. store in Phoenix, Arizona. The letterhead features the business's name and description as "Dealers in General Merchandise."

A business letter from H. Bernstein & Co. in Mobile, Alabama, to an unknown recipient in West Auburn, Maine, dated July 16, 1878. The letter concerns a rush order for footwear. The letterhead displays the company's address as 10 & 12 North Water Street, Mobile, Alabama.

A commercial letter written by Isidore Bush & Co. of St. Louis, Missouri, to C. D. Champlin in Hammondsport, New York, on March 30, 1872. The letter discusses the company's lithographic services and is indicative of business practices of the time. The letterhead features the company's address and details.

A business letter written by Joseph Schlesinger, successor to L. Heineman, from Bradford, Pennsylvania to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Rheims, New York on May 4, 1880. The letter, written on company letterhead, discusses business matters.

A letter written by P. Whitlock to W. C. Agee on August 30, 1878, discussing the Model Cigar Factory located at 1445 Main Street in Richmond, Virginia. The letter features a lithographed image of an "Impregnables" box of cigars. The letter was written from New Canton, Virginia.

A commercial letter from M. Hyman & Co., importers and manufacturers of boy's clothing, located at 518 Market Street and 19 Sutter Street, San Francisco, California, to Frank Litsch in Shasta, California, dated November 3, 1880. The letter, signed "Levy," is contained within a commercial envelope.

A letter written on February 16, 1884, from Sam Gibson to H. J. Wallin in Caldwell, Texas, concerning a note payable. The letter references Leon/H. Blum of Galveston, Texas, suggesting business dealings related to negotiable instruments.

A business letter dated October 22, 1879, from Henry Schmulbach & Co. in Wheeling, West Virginia, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter concerns a shipment of wine received. The letter features an elaborate lithograph on the letterhead.

A business letter dated August 21, 1884, from C. Kraus & Co. in Wheeling, West Virginia, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter discusses a wine shipment received by C. Kraus & Co. The letterhead of C. Kraus & Co. shows their address as #6 & #8 12th Street, Wheeling, West Virginia.

This letter, dated March 14, 1898, was written by M. H. Epstein from Luling, Texas, to J. N. Nixon. Epstein acknowledges the receipt of funds to settle a claim against an estate.

A one and a quarter page letter written on May 24, 1817, from Isaac Cohen in Savannah, Georgia, to George W. Lynch, a merchant in New York City. Cohen discusses business conditions in Savannah, including prices for various commodities such as rum, cotton, rice, flour, corn, tobacco, sugar, coffee, molasses, and tea. The letter includes a black Savannah, Georgia postmark and red manuscript 25c postage rate.

A single-page business letter written by Jewish merchant Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia on October 20, 1845, to I. T. Tobias, a New York merchant. Minis discusses slow business, anticipates increased activity, and requests Tobias's attention to consignments, specifically regarding the import of champagne.

One-page letter written on the letterhead of "Office of Martin & Cardozo, Commission Merchants," dated Richmond, Virginia, November 11, 1868. Addressed to Mr. James A. Walker, the letter mentions the shipment of 28 bags of an unspecified item. The letter shows signs of age, including stains and folds.

A commercial letter dated July 10, 1877, from A. Furst & Co., wholesale liquor dealers at 114 South Third Street & Market Square, St. Joseph, Missouri, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter's content is brief.

A commercial letter from Hecht Bros. & Co. in San Francisco, California, to Frank Litsch in Shasta, California, dated November 18, 1881. The letter discusses a sale of "Buckingham & Hecht...Hercules" (a boot, depicted in a lithograph on the letterhead). The letterhead also includes the address and logo of Hecht Bros. & Co. at 25 & 27 Sansome Street, San Francisco. A damaged cover and return envelope are included with the letter.

Three-page commercial letter written by Isaac Cohen of Isaac Cohen & Co. in Savannah, Georgia, to Joshua Bicknell, Jr. in Providence, Rhode Island, dated September 18, 1816. The letter discusses business conditions in Savannah, including high rents, the failure of several mercantile firms (Pelot & Merrick, Isaac Merrick & Co., and Peter Schenk & Co.), the cotton and rice markets, and the health of the city.

Autograph letter signed by Isaac Moses to Moses Myers, dated August 8, 1784. Written from New York, New York, the letter discusses business matters, including the shipwreck of the North Britain, family news, and financial concerns. The recipient, Moses Myers, was a merchant in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This letter offers insight into colonial American Jewish life and business practices.

Three letters, dated June 28, 1841, concerning the sale of wines and champagnes at auction in New York and Philadelphia. The correspondence involves noted Jewish merchants Joseph Moss and E. S. Moss, and is addressed to T. I. Tobias. The letters discuss shipments, sales, and issues with the quality of the wines and champagnes.

A letter written by Marcus Baum to P. I. Fulson on January 30, 1857, concerning the supply of a plow. The letter, written in Baum's hand, discusses a business transaction related to agricultural equipment. The letter originates from Georgetown, South Carolina.

Two-page, stampless letter written by Jacob F. Levy to William Augustine Washington on February 22, 1796. Levy discusses monies owed to Washington, acting as his agent, the sale of shares, crop prices, and inquires about Washington's ownership of shares in the Potomac Canal. The letter originates from Baltimore, Maryland, and is addressed to Washington in Haywood, Virginia.

Business card of John McQueen, listing Moise as a reference. Charleston, South Carolina. Dated December 23, 1872. Accompanied by a letter from McQueen to his son and a letter to his daughter.

A letter written on J. P. Lossl General Merchandise & Dry Goods letterhead in Pioneer, Montana, on May 19, 1895, addressed to A. M. Holter in Helena, Montana. The letter's content is not fully described. The letterhead mentions that Lossl moved his store to Wisdom, Montana after Pioneer declined.

A business letter from I. Hamburger & Co. in New York, New York, to H. Finn in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated June 14, 1878. The letter discusses various outstanding accounts and money owed. The letterhead shows the address 151 Water Street, New York.

A commercial letter written by Philip H. Ertheiler to I. Hamburger & Co. on July 23, 1877, concerning a note payable. The letter is written on a letterhead and mentions a business address at 259 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

This letter, dated November 4, 1886, was sent from Jake W. Levy & Bro. in Sherman, Texas to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter concerns a transmittal of payment.

Letter written by Sam Silverman in Philipsburg, Montana Territory, to Auerbach, Wells & Co. in Helena, Montana, on February 4, 1881. Silverman inquires about a check he left with the company.

Incomplete letter on the letterhead of the New Hazel Hotel in Newport, Arkansas, dated August 8, 1897. The letterhead features the hotel's name and likely its address. The surviving portion suggests a business communication.

A letter dated October 28, 1856, written by Octavius Cohen of Savannah, Georgia, to Carhart & Roff of Macon, Georgia. The letter details the availability and prices of various spirits, including whiskey, gin, bourbon, rye whiskey, and American brandy, as well as other goods like Anchor Rope and Star candles. The letter indicates Cohen's intention to supply Carhart & Roff's orders.

Commercial letter from S. Ashim & Bro., general merchandise dealers in Eureka, Nevada, to George Kingsley in Red Bluff, California, dated October 8, 1875. The letter details an order for merchandise.

A letter written by W.M. Weinstein on his letterhead from Philipsburg, Montana to A.M. Holter in Helena, Montana, dated April 2, 1891. The letter discusses business matters, as suggested by the letterhead which identifies Weinstein as a merchant.

A commercial letter from S. Blum & Co., grain dealers and warehousemen in Martinez, Texas, dated January 5, 1878. The letter lists lumber, lime, cement, plaster, coal, and doors among their inventory. The letter was folded for mailing and sent to Vermillion, Ohio.

A two-page commercial letter dated April 19, 1845, from the firm Sachs & Brother in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses a delayed shipment of cloths, the impact on sales due to the late arrival, and the current state of the clothing market in Cincinnati, noting that goods are plentiful and selling at low rates. The letter is addressed to Tobias and includes a postal surcharge.

A letter written by Max B. Goldenberg on Schultz Letterhead to Charles Ilfeld concerning an order of merchandise. Dated January 29, 1883. The letter's content pertains to mercantile business dealings. Geographic locations associated with the individuals involved suggest connections to New Mexico and possibly elsewhere in the Southwest.

Postcard written by Max B. Goldenberg to Henry Levy, c/o Charles Ilfeld, concerning a merchandise order. The postcard was sent circa 1885 from Las Cruces, New Mexico, and Las Vegas, New Mexico.

A letter written by A. Gusdorf to the First National Bank of Santa Fe, New Mexico on September 27, 1879. The letter originates from Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico and pertains to business matters. The letterhead features the name and address of A. Gusdorf.

Typed letter from Alfred Grunsfeld to Gross in Las Vegas concerning merchandise. Dated June 8, 1897.

A business letter written on April 28, 1879, by Weisl, Lesinsky & Co. in Silver City, New Mexico. The letterhead shows "Cor. E. Goldsmith & Co." with B. Weisl and Cor. E. Goldsmith listed. The letter concerns a banking matter.

A partially pre-printed advertising letter from A. G. Mandel & Co. to I. F. Leas, dated October 19, 1868. The letter was sent from New York, New York, to Orville, Ohio. The letter is on a letterhead and is in excellent condition; the cover shows some damage, staining, age yellowing, and a fancy cancel. I. F. Leas was an 1873 trustee of the Institute for the Improved Instruction of Deaf-Mutes, all of whose trustees and officers were Jewish.

Commercial letter from J. Jonas & Co., wholesale dealers in hides, furs, wool pelts, tallow, and rags, located on Michigan Street in Chicago, Illinois. The letter, dated May 31, 1877, also mentions the company's offices in St. Joseph, Missouri (corner of 3rd and St. Charles Streets) and Quincy, Illinois (651 Hampshire Street).

A commercial letter written on the stationary of Share Bros. Dry Goods Co. in Harper, Kansas, dated September 15, 1886. The letter's content is unknown without further examination.

A business letter dated April 11, 1877, written by T. Romero & Bro. in Las Vegas, New Mexico, to L. M. Jacobs & Co. in Tucson, Arizona. The letter discusses business matters, including a wagon master, freight bills, and Zeckendorf Bro. The letter is written on T. Romero & Bro. letterhead.

Letter dated February 4, 1880, from Sam Frank, Cotton and Commission Merchant in Holly Springs, Mississippi, to Julius Weil in Paducah, Kentucky. Frank responds to a confidential inquiry about a new businessman in town.

A one-page, stampless letter written by E. Ostrander on February 8, 1848, from Troy, New York. Addressed to Mr. Samuel Campbell Esq., 11 Wall Street, New York. The letter discusses a financial matter, mentioning a previous judgment and the need to recover funds. The letter bears a circular date stamp indicating "TROY N.Y. 9 FEB 5 cts."

A personal letter written by a clerk for Hecht Bros. & Co. on December 24, 1879, in Pocahontas, Arkansas. The letter expresses loneliness and contains commercial content related to the dry goods, boots, shoes, groceries, and general merchandise business of Hecht Bros. & Co. The letter is written on embossed letterhead featuring the names L. Hecht, S. Hecht, and L.F. Nicklase, indicating that the firm may have been Hecht and Nicklase. A gold ink overlay on the letterhead reads 'Hecht and Nicklase Survivor of.'

A letter dated January 31, 1879, from L. Zeckendorf & Co. in New York City to the Singer Manufacturing Company. The letter discusses the potential for establishing a Singer agency in Tucson, Arizona Territory, and highlights the prospect of sales to Mexico. The letter mentions Albert Steinfeld in Tucson.

Illustrated billhead of Semon Bache & Co., established 1847, located at 443-453 Greenwich Street, New York, New York. The billhead is dated April 24, 1891. It includes correspondence with H. C. Porter & Son of Towanda, Pennsylvania.

An envelope from Meyrowitz Bros., opticians, located at 78 North Pearl Street, Albany, New York. The envelope is undated, but based on other materials in the collection, it is likely from around 1890.

A business letter dated February 1, 1889, from Holritz & Anderson, general merchandise merchants in Sims, Dakota Territory (present-day North Dakota), to Weinstein/Lehman, likely in Helena, Montana Territory. The letter inquires about a merchant in Helena who deals in eggs and butter, suggesting an existing trade relationship and the recent opening of a store in Helena by Holritz & Anderson.

A business letter dated February 14, 1891, sent from Simon & Kohn in New Orleans, Louisiana to J. Z. Hearst in Richmond, Alabama. The letter, written in English, is accompanied by an envelope. The letterhead features a corner address for Simon & Kohn at the corner of Magazine and Canal Street in New Orleans, and the envelope shows a good quality lithograph.

Commercial letter from Cohen, Mack & Co., located at 52 White Street, New York City, to F. Auerbach & Bro. in Salt Lake City, Utah, dated June 16, 1875. The letter is written on illustrated letterhead and discusses early Utah settlers who made fortunes in mining and started as storekeepers.

A commercial letter dated June 17, 1891, from the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company in Chicago, Illinois, to the First National Bank. The letter pertains to billiard and pool tables and includes an illustration of the Chicago factory.

A commercial letter written by M. Bondy on the letterhead of his office at 190 Pearl Street, New York, New York, to the First National Bank of Andes, New York, on February 19, 1885. The letterhead features an illustration and mentions Havana & Seed Leaf Tobacco. The letter pertains to a business transaction.

A handwritten letter from W. M. Baumgarten, dated April 13, 1885, on letterhead for his Baltimore-based rubber stamp manufacturing business. The letter pertains to payment for a rubber stamp pad and includes a request for payment or the return of the pad using enclosed stamps. The letterhead features an engraved seal and indicates the business's address as 76 Second Street, Baltimore, Maryland. The letter also mentions the recipient returned the pads on 4/13/1885.

This letter, dated November 6, 1883, is from David B. Falk and I. M. Falk of Falk, Hirsch & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina, to I. W. Hirsch. It details the amicable dissolution of the firm Falk, Hirsch & Co. The letter is on illustrated letterhead and is signed by both Falks. The letterhead indicates the business was located at 291 King St., Charleston, S.C., and closed on Saturdays.

A commercial letter from Newhouse, Rosenau & Co., a wholesale clothing warehouse located at 409 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated March 17, 1876, the letter features an illustrated letterhead.

Letter from Arnold Pollak & Co., leaf tobacco dealers and agents for Havana Brands, to R. C. Adelman in Boise City, Idaho Territory, dated October 13, 1886. The letter sheet is split horizontally, and the envelope is postmarked San Francisco, October 13, 1886. An invoice from October 11, 1886 and an unused return envelope are also included.

Letter written by J. J. Klein to Moses Goldsmith & Son on December 30, 1874, concerning business matters related to the Charleston and Savannah Railroad. The letter, written on letterhead, originated in Waterboro, South Carolina and was addressed to Charleston, South Carolina. An envelope is also included in this archival record.

Commercial letter from B. Lowenstein & Bros., a dry goods store located at 242-246 Main Street, Memphis, Tennessee, to G. Gunby Jordan in Columbus, Georgia, dated March 11, 1884. The letter discusses business matters, likely related to dry goods.

A business letter from Henry Bischoff & Co., located at 199 East Bay, Charleston, South Carolina, dated March 7, 1881. The letter details an agreement to loan R. Grieters a horse, baking cart, and harness for his business. The letter is approximately 8 1/2 by 11 inches and features an illustrated letterhead featuring Carolina Rice.

Commercial letter dated October 12, 1876, from Louis Rosenbaum, a general merchandise dealer in Las Cruces, New Mexico, to L. M. Jacobs & Co. in Tucson, Arizona. Rosenbaum inquires about the whereabouts of Narcisco Pino.

Envelope with advertising for Levy & Bompet, wholesale dealers in fancy goods and notions, New Orleans, Louisiana. The envelope is postmarked New Orleans, Louisiana, August 1, 1863, and addressed to Messrs. Henry Halfin in Victoria, Texas. The reverse side is also stamped 'Levy & Bompet, Aug 1, 1863, New Orleans'.

A business letter dated March 19, 1869, from JNO. J. Levy & Co., a playing card manufactory, to the Spring Grove Paper Co. in New York, New York. The letter requests an order for card stock to be shipped. The letterhead includes the address 177 & 179 Grand Street, New York, New York.

A business letter written by J. M. Phillips to T. I. Tobias in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 15, 1821. The letter is part of the E collection at the University of Pennsylvania.

Legal letter from Jacob Frank, importer and distiller located at 58 Spring Street, dated July 22, 1896. The letter is part of a larger manuscript collection and pertains to mercantile business. The letter's contents are described as a 'legal letter' and is located in Ms. Coll. 1410, Box 8, Folder 56.

Commercial letter from Mark Levy & Brothers, importers of stationery, wafers, games, and playing cards in New York City, to Merriam Chapin & Co. in Springfield, Massachusetts. Dated July 29, 1852. The letter mentions specific types of paper.

A commercial letter sent from Bridge, Rayburn & Co. in St. Louis, Missouri to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York, on January 1, 1831. The letter, sent via the ship Huntsville, concerns an invoice for copper.

A letter written by Isaac A. Isaacs from Union Hall, Cleveland, Ohio, on May 16, 1864, addressed to the Singer Manufacturing Company. The letter's content is partially legible, referencing 'great liho' among other unclear words.

A half-sheet letter from Levy & Katzman, located at 122 Duane Street, New York City, to Simons & Cappelman in Charleston, South Carolina, dated January 7, 1887. The letter pertains to ladies' and gentlemen's hand-sewn boots.

A half-sheet letter from Lemle & Weil, wholesale and retail dealers in dry goods, hats, boots, shoes, clothing, and men's furnishings, located in Opelika, Alabama. The letter is dated February 4, 1884, and addressed to G. Gunby Jordan. The letterhead features the company's name and a description of its merchandise.

A half-sheet billhead/letterhead from the firm of Breslauer, Moses & Co., dated December 17, 1883. The letter was sent from Georgetown, South Carolina, and the recipient was Simons & Cappelman. The letterhead features an illustration.

Billhead from I. Adler & Bro. in Uniontown, Alabama, dated July 1, 1867. The billhead is accompanied by a brief commercial letter.

Billhead from I. Adler & Bro. in Uniontown, Alabama, dated January 1, 1873. The billhead also mentions business connections in New York City and Demopolis, Alabama. A brief commercial letter is included with the billhead.

A letter written by Oberndorf & Ullman from Selma, Alabama on July 5, 1870. The letter's content is unknown. The letter is part of the collection Arc.MS.56, Box 11, Folder 6.

Letter from Lehman, Durr & Co., cotton factors and general commission merchants in Montgomery, Alabama, to H. P. Park in Greenville, Georgia, dated September 20, 1866. The letter discusses cotton prices in Mobile and New Orleans. Lehman, Durr & Co. was the founding firm of Lehman Brothers in New York City.

A one-page business letter written on Wells Fargo & Company letterhead from S. Marks to Asher Marks in Roseburg, Oregon, dated March 29, 1869. The letter was written from the company's Canyonville, Oregon office and includes a North Canyonville, Oregon postmark. The letter is housed in a cover opened at the flap.

Autograph letter signed "Leonard Jacoby," Philadelphia, September 25, 1791, instructing John Klein to deliver orders to Salomon Raphael. Raphael's signature appears on the verso. The letter references business transactions between the parties.

Autograph letter signed by Maurice Guggenheimer of Guggenheimer & Co., a dry goods merchant in Lynchburg, Virginia, to Creasy & Brother. Written on October 2, 1872, the letter discusses an order and goods sent. The letter is on Guggenheimer & Co.'s letterhead.

Commercial letter from Bernheim Brothers & Co. in Paducah, Kentucky to the Joliet City Bank in Joliet, Illinois, dated June 10, 1876. The letter reflects the early business dealings of Bernheim Brothers, who later became a cornerstone of Schenley Distilling.

Autograph letter signed by Salomon Raphael, written in Philadelphia on June 18, 1792, to Daniel Clymer in Reading, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses business matters, specifically a financial transaction involving Mr. Zeanley and Mr. Coleman, and arrangements for payment via a stagecoach to Philadelphia. The letter is written on one page and measures 6.5" x 7.75", with an integral hand-carried cover.

A two-page letter from Judah Touro in New Orleans, Louisiana to David Hart in New York City, dated September 1, 1835. Touro discusses problems with a runaway slave. Hart was a long-time friend and business associate of Touro. Letters with personal content from Touro are extremely rare.

Autograph letter signed by Moses Michael Hays, written in New York City on December 4, 1766, to Martin Gerrison Van Bergen in Albany, New York. The letter pertains to business matters and includes rare postmarks and references to the Western Frontier. This letter represents a rare example from the early stages of Hays' business career.

A half-sheet letter from I. (Isaac) Lewis, a wholesale and retail dealer in dry goods, boots, shoes, hats, and clothing in Jefferson, Texas, to E. C. Bailey in Boston, Massachusetts, dated April 2, 1877. The letter concerns a money draft payment. The letter shows old folds and a 1.5-inch cut in the top left corner, but the content is intact.

A business letter written by Moses Michael Hays of Boston, Massachusetts to John Watson in Salem, Massachusetts on April 25, 1799. The letter's content is related to business matters.

A one-page letter dated November 30, 1846, written by Michael Lazarus from Charleston, South Carolina, to C. P. Relf in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses cotton and rice market prices, offering bids and asks, and speculating on future cotton prices. The letter was written on the integral leaf of a stampless cover.

A one-page letter written by Jonas Phillips in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 24, 1782, to William Vernon in Boston, Massachusetts. The letter concerns a dispute over payment for silk, with accusations of non-payment and damaged reputation exchanged between the parties.

A business letter dated April 4, 1870, from John S. Norton, President of the West Philadelphia Passenger Railway Company, to Moses A. Dropsie. The letter features a lithographed letterhead of the railway company and pertains to business matters. The letter was written in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A business letter from Nenburger & Hochstadter in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Moses A. Dropsie, dated May 16, 1870. The letter concerns business matters.

A business letter dated April 27, 1870, from the Philadelphia and Atlanta Wine and Liquor Co. in Atlanta, Georgia, to Moses Dropsie. The letter pertains to mercantile business. Geographic locations mentioned include Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Atlanta, Georgia.

A business letter dated January 7, 1871, from the Philadelphia & Atlanta Wine & Liquor Co. in Atlanta, Georgia to Moses A. Dropsie. The letter features an interesting advertising letterhead; the reverse side is covered with advertisements from various Atlanta merchants, including Eiseman & Bros. Clothiers.

A business letter from Kohn & Leberman in New York, New York, to Moses A. Dropsie in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated May 3, 1870. The letter discusses business matters, possibly related to the clothing trade or finance.

A business letter from the Union National Bank in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Moses Aaron Dropsie, dated May 27, 1870. The letter concerns financial matters.

A business letter, spanning one and one-quarter pages, written by F. H. Woolf in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Henry Tobias in New York City, New York on June 23, 1838. The letter details business transactions between the two correspondents.

A one-page business letter written by Samuel Etting of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Devol Dimay & Co. in Bristol, Rhode Island, dated November 12, 1856. Etting served as a Private in the War of 1812 and participated in the defense of Baltimore.

A one-page business letter from Lee J. Collins in New York City to J. I. Cohen in Baltimore, dated December 21, 1853. The letter discusses business matters.

A one-page business letter written by A. J. Latz in St. Louis, Missouri, to Lazarus Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 10, 1850. Latz explains his financial difficulties, heavy losses, and slow collections, stating his inability to continue business and assuring Mayer of his intentions to pay his creditors.

Letterhead from Hamburger Brothers, scrap dealers, dated March 18, 1898, from Boston, Massachusetts. The letterhead is part of the collection Ms. Coll. 1410, M, Box 6, Folder 50.

Handwritten letter from G. De Cordova, manufacturer of Annattoine (dry extract of annatto), to I. P. Howell & Co. Discusses West Indies bark. Dated May 6, 1871. Sent from New York City to Newark, New Jersey.

A business letter dated December 24, 1873, from Isaac Greenbaum & Sons in Baltimore, Maryland, to the law firm of Higgins, Barn & Bell. The letter discusses Greenbaum's refusal to settle with H. Kohn of Janesville, Ohio, at 25% of the claimed amount. The letter features an ornate letterhead.

Commercial letter from Strauss & Isaacs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Jacobs, Myer & Co. in Louisville, Kentucky, dated March 16, 1848. The letter discusses business matters between the two firms.

A letter written in German from Joseph Jacobs to Jacobs, Myers & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 7, 1848. The letter is part of the E collection.

Letter from Bloch Brothers in Clarksville, Tennessee, to Ebenezer C. Bailey in Boston, Massachusetts, dated April 6, 1874. The letter is written on Bloch Brothers' letterhead.

Business letter from the Philadelphia and Atlanta Wine and Liquor Co. in Atlanta, Georgia, to Moses Aaron Dropsie in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated May 27, 1870. The letter concerns a suit that Dropsie declines to represent.

A commercial letter dated September 8, 1864, from Gustav Isaac of Stern, Jonas & Co., located at 176 and 178 Water Street in New York, New York, to Moses Dropsie in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses business matters, potentially related to the tobacco industry or law, as indicated by subject tags in the original record.

A commercial letter dated October 28, 1876, from Leon & H. Blum, a wholesale dry goods company with offices in Galveston, Texas and New York City, to John M. Lewis in Jefferson, Texas. The letter features a vignette of the company's Galveston building and lists the company's addresses.

A letter dated May 8, 1882, from Nathan & Straus, importers and wholesale liquor dealers in Chicago, Illinois, to the Kenton Sar Bank in Kenton, Ohio. The letterhead displays the firm's address as 103 East Lake Street, Chicago. Nathan & Straus was established in 1874.

Letter and envelope detailing commodity prices, written on Haas Brothers' letterhead. Dated April 19, 1882. The letter, written on both sides of the letterhead, is addressed to S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon. The accompanying envelope is an advertising cover mailed from San Francisco to Oregon via the steamship *State of California*. The letter provides insight into the operations of Haas Brothers, a prominent San Francisco grocery firm, and business conditions of the time. Additional biographical information on William Haas, a key figure in the Haas Brothers firm, is included.

A letter written on the letterhead of Wolff & Goldman, general merchants in Newport, Arkansas, dated December 16, 1883. J. C. Minor, a traveling salesman, writes to his friends Gray Carroll in Little Rock, Arkansas, explaining his inability to visit due to lack of funds. The letter includes commentary on the social scene in Newport.

A commercial letter dated January 16, 1880, from Ordenstein & Co., a San Francisco cigar and tobacco company, to Henry Elling in Virginia City, Montana Territory. The letter, written on company letterhead, measures 7 7/8" x 9 7/8".

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The letter, dated from Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, was sent to Jenkins, Stuben in Wyoming, Pennsylvania, circa 1870s. The letterhead indicates that H. G. Lazarus was a watchmaker, successor to W. C. Freeman, in Pittston, Pennsylvania. The envelope is addressed to Jenkins, Stuben in Hyde Park, Pennsylvania. The letter and envelope provide insight into business correspondence and the clock and watch industry in 19th-century Pennsylvania.

A letter dated February 3, 1893, from A. Lichtenstein Son & Co., cigar manufacturers located at 309-311 East 59th Street, New York, to R. C. Halliday of Dillon, Montana. The letter measures 5 1/4" by 7 7/8" in size.

Commercial letter dated October 30, 1849, from David Gratz to James Alport. The letter, which includes a shipping invoice, details items shipped and their prices by Wane & Beidelman. The letter also contains personal comments. The letter is postmarked Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with a blue 5-cent cds.

A letter dated July 6, 1852, from John Wagner to Mordecai & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina. The letter, which is a broadside with a cover from the M.C. Mordecai Co., discusses coal for their steamship Isabel bound for Cuba. The broadside also lists the signatures of agents of Mordecai & Co., including Moses Cohen Mordecai, J.R. Mordecai, Isaac Eger Hertz, and J.A. Enslow.

Handwritten business letter dated August 12, 1863, from Isaac A. Isaacs of Union Hall, Cleveland, Ohio, to the Singer Manufacturing Co. The letter is written on illustrated letterhead depicting Union Hall. The letter measures 8 1/2" x 11".

Typed business letter from Friedman & Loveman, a dry goods store in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, to Rufus D. King in Lost Creek, Alabama, dated December 10, 1885. The letter is faint.

Commercial letter from L. Frank & Sons, hide, fur, pelt, tallow, rag, and metal dealers in Zanesville, Ohio, to J. Machetauz & Bro. in Matamoras, Ohio, dated November 6, 1886. The letter is printed on illustrated letterhead featuring a lithograph of a warehouse. The letter's content pertains to business matters.

Commercial letter written and signed by S. Lichtenstein of A. Lichtenstein, Son & Co., cigar manufacturers located at 309-311 East 59th Street, New York, NY, to R. C. Halliday in Dillon, Montana. Dated April 8, 1893. The letter contains commercial content.

A business letter dated June 14, 1887, from S. Lowenthal & Co. of Cincinnati, Ohio, to R. C. Halliday, proprietor of a saloon and general store in Dillon, Montana Territory. The letter concerns a cigar order placed through Mr. Strauss. The letter is 5 1/2" by 9".

A letter written by S. Ottenberg & Bro. of New York to R. C. Halliday, Esq., proprietor of a saloon and general store in Dillon, Montana Territory, dated January 21, 1891. The letter measures 5 1/2" x 9" and was sent from 2nd Ave & 22nd Street (corner), New York. The content of the letter pertains to mercantile business.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope, dated August 29, 1887. The letter, written on P. H. Rosenstock & Co. Boots and Shoes letterhead, was sent by M. H. Livingston of Portland, Oregon (acting as an agent for P. H. Rosenstock & Co. in San Francisco), to W. L. Wade, a shoe dealer in North Salem, Oregon. The letter's original destination of San Francisco was crossed out, and 'Sprague, W.T.' (Washington Territory) was written instead. The letterhead measures 5 7/8" x 9 3/8", and the envelope measures 3 1/2" x 6 1/4". The envelope bears an 1887 Sprague postmark.

A commercial letter dated June 23, 1887, from I. E. Levy of Samuel Levy, Jobbers in Watches, located at 401 Broadway, New York, New York, to A. E. Patton. The letter concerns the collection of $8.00 from Joseph Borst. Levy notes that business is going well and that he no longer has partners.

A commercial letter from M. Heyman & Bro., wholesale dealers in boots and shoes located at Decatur Street, Kimball House, Store 16, Atlanta, Georgia, to E. C. Bailey in Boston, Massachusetts. Dated December 17, 1872, the letter explains the inability to make a payment and promises further details.

A one-page letter written by Simon Greenleaf to Aaron Lopez in Boston, Massachusetts on September 7, 1772. Greenleaf discusses goods left with Lopez by Captain Richard Bartlett to be sold on his account and inquires about their status. He also offers his services for any business negotiations in Newburyport.

Two-page letter written by George Peabody of London, England to Samuel Etting in Baltimore, Maryland on January 15, 1858. This letter is part of the Etting/Carvalho Archive in the Beit Yisrael Sefardi collection.

Two-page letter written by H. Guedalla in London, England to Samuel Etting in Baltimore, Maryland on January 29, 1858. The letter is part of the Etting/Carvalho Archive at Beit Yisrael Sefardi.

Commercial letter from B. Lowenstein & Co., dealers in general merchandise, wool, hides, and pelts, in Mora, New Mexico, to Las Vegas, New Mexico, dated March 5, 1873. The letter discusses a payment. The letter measures 5 x 7 3/4 inches.

A single-page stampless letter and cover combination mailed from Montgomery, Alabama to B. Cohen in Mobile, Alabama on November 14, 1846. The faded cover displays readable postal markings. The letter, written in German by M. Englander, is of a commercial nature, requesting 39 yards of carpet to be sent via steamship. A second note, also in German and signed by D.B., is present on the same page. Englander's connection to Isaac Lesser, a trustee of the original Montgomery Temple, is noted in related correspondence.

A commercial letter dated November 15, 1872, from B. Oppenheimer & Co. in San Antonio, Texas, to E. C. Bailey. The letterhead indicates that B. Oppenheimer & Co. deals in dry goods, clothing, boots, and shoes, and mentions an office at 184 Church Street in New York City. The letter's content is commercial in nature.

A letter dated February 5, 1884, from Henry Cohn & Co. in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, to Thos. Yeates in Scipio, Utah. The letterhead features illustrations of a train, sheep, and a cow, and advertises the company's business in hides, wool, and pelts. The letter mentions a warehouse at 1st East and an uptown office at Main Street, with F. Auerbach Bros. also mentioned.

This archival object consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The letter, dated July 23, 1887, was written by Jules Levy & Bros., importers of embroideries and laces located at 5 & 7 Sansome Street in San Francisco, California, to S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon. The letter, written on Jules Levy & Bros.' letterhead, pertains to an order. The letterhead also lists the company's offices in New York City and Paris. The envelope further confirms the correspondence's sender and recipient, and its date.

Billhead showing receipt of payment from Strasburger, Pfeiffer & Co., Toys and Fancy Goods, located on Broadway, New York City. Dated January 2, 1879. The billhead is addressed to G. H. Clark in Salisbury, Connecticut. The second page is blank.

A two-and-a-half-page letter dated January 27-28, 1834, from Henry Hays in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Seth Low & Co. in New York City. Hays details his financial troubles, promising to repay debts and outlining a plan for settling his accounts with creditors. The letter reflects the business practices and financial anxieties of the time.

Commercial letter from J. Basinski & Bros. to Henry Elling in Virginia City, Montana, dated August 10, 1881. The letterhead displays a logo and lists a branch in Miles City, Montana. The letter discusses early Jewish settlers in Montana Territory.

A commercial letter dated October 18, 1881, from W. Dryfus & Bro., clothing manufacturers in Zanesville, Ohio, to W. G. S. Coulson. The letter contains legal content and is written on company letterhead.

A business letter from Ullman Bros. & Co., liquor and wine merchants in Cleveland, Ohio, to William Otter in Ashland, Ohio, dated February 20, 1875. The letter, printed on a billhead, concerns an unpaid invoice from November 1871 for 42.5 gallons of whiskey at $1.70 per gallon.

Stampless letter from the Farmers Bank of Virginia to Tobias I. Tobias, dated July 1, 1829. The letter verifies the reduction of David Judah's debt to Tobias I. Tobias to $280.00. The letter measures 8" x 9.75".

A one-page letter written by Aaron B. Nones in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to S. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on February 9, 1819. Nones reports on his arrival in Haiti, the poor prospects for sales due to a large influx of goods from France, and his intention to travel to Aux Cayes to sell goods for Tobias & Co. He expresses gratitude for the hospitality received in New York City. Nones is identified as the son of Benjamin Nones, a patriot of the American Revolutionary War. A related 1825 legal document from New York City, in which Nones is a defendant in a civil matter, is also part of this collection.

Two-page letter written by Aaron B. Nones in Les Cayes, Haiti, to S. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on March 12, 1819. The letter discusses sales of cologne water, lists prices of various commodities, requests references to Mr. Harbeck and colleagues, and notes the opportunities for business ventures in Haiti.

Two-page letter written by Aaron B. Nones in Les Cayes, Haiti, to S. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on August 7, 1819. Nones reports on the sales of cologne water, lists prices of various commodities, and discusses his inability to sell silks due to French imports.

Three-page letter from N. Hart in London, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated November 10, 1820. The letter contains gossip and business news, including details of a lawsuit, bankruptcy, and family updates.

A one-page stampless business letter from N. Hart in London, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated November 28, 1822. The letter discusses accounts and mentions Tobias's illness (gout).

A seven-page (including three cross-hatched pages) letter from Abraham Joseph to Tobias I. Tobias in London, dated December 12, 1822. The letter contains community and commercial news and reports. This stampless letter is part of a larger collection purchased on January 7, 2013.

A one-and-a-half-page stampless letter from D. Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia, to Edward Pollock & Co. in New York, New York, dated October 9, 1822. The letter discusses drafts received totaling $5,178.63. A third page contains a separate, unusual letter to Tobias, with Judah denying involvement and ending with "I am here where are you? I am done, D J."

A three-and-a-half-page, undated, stampless letter from Tobias I. Tobias to his brother, Michael Tobias, in Liverpool. Written in response to a letter dated November 5, 1822 (see 20.1204T), this emotionally charged letter expresses anger regarding a property dispute, containing the phrase, "while you was (sic) eating my bread you was (sic) cutting my throat." The letter is part of a larger collection of family papers purchased on January 7, 2013.

Two-page letter written by Mike Tobias in Liverpool, England to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on November 5, 1822. The letter expresses anger and details a property deal. The letter is stampless.

A two and three-quarters page stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond, Virginia on February 21, 1822. Tobias expresses concern over not receiving balance sheets from Judah and mentions increasing the profit share allocated to his brother, Isaac Tobias, to 50%. This letter was part of a larger collection purchased on January 7, 2013, and is cross-referenced with item 20.1132 in Collectify.

A two and three-quarters page letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond on February 21, 1822. Tobias expresses concern over the lack of received balance sheets from Judah and notes an increase in the profit share allocated to his brother, Isaac Tobias, to 50%.

A letter from Hoffmann & Fersch, manufacturers of show cases, located at 148 Chatham Street, New York City, to E. H. Leary. The letter, dated September 26, 1876, is printed on letterhead that also advertises their patent Magic Show-Case Door Spring (1870). The letter measures 8 x 10 inches when fully open.

A single-page letter dated March 21, 1851, from Andrew Boyd of Frederick, Maryland, to J. I. Cohen, Jr., President of the Baltimore Fire Insurance Company in Baltimore, Maryland. Boyd writes on behalf of Samuel Snider, requesting a change of address on Snider's insurance policy due to a recent move.

A one and three-quarters page stampless letter dated February 7, 1850, from Ruben & Katz in Lancaster, Ohio, to George Chrysler in Lockport, New York. The letter details a list of purchased merchandise and appears to be written to an attorney to seek recovery.

A one-page, stampless business letter written on May 1, 1849, from Alexander & Lowman of Cincinnati, Ohio, to Jacobs & Mayers (or Jacob & Meyer) Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter pertains to business dealings between the two firms.

A one-page commercial letter written on a printed broadside of the *Savannah Republican Price Current*, issued by Cohen & Fosdick in Savannah, Georgia. The letter, dated November 27, 1852, was sent to I. G. Weld in Boston, Massachusetts. The letter is stampless.

One-page business letter written on December 14, 1890, by Gerson L. Kahn, a manufacturer of children's suits, located at 516 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter includes a draft.

One-page business letter, partially printed on letterhead, from Goldsmith Brothers, woolens merchants, to E. S. M. Kunis. The letter confirms receipt of a check. The letter is dated January 23, 1880, and was sent from 335 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Van Wert, Ohio.

A one-page business letter from J. M. Silberberg to the Honorable Thomas Bur in Bucyrus, Ohio, dated July 29, 1882. The letter expresses gratitude for favors received and mentions leasing a store. The letter is written on the letterhead of G. Silberberg, Valparaiso, Indiana. An accompanying undated envelope is also included, addressed to Thomas Bur in Bucyrus, Ohio, from G. Silberberg.

A one-page business letter from Chas. W. Rosenthal & Co., wallpaper company located at 507 North 4th Street, St. Louis, Missouri, to D. C. Proctor in Cuero, Texas, dated October 8, 1892. The letter details a customer's order.

A one-page business letter dated January 22, 1886, from Samuel Cohn, Director of the Mechanics and Traders Bank of New York City (153 Bowery St.), to the Eagle & Phenix Savings Bank in Columbus, Georgia. Cohn transmits financial information and proposes a correspondent banking relationship between the two institutions. The letter is written on the letterhead of Samuel Cohn & Bro., 281 Grand Street, "East Side Agency for E.C. Burt Shoes."

One-page business letter from Cohn & Feibelman, manufacturers of jean clothing at 70 & 72 Common Street, New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Eagle & Phoenix Savings Bank in Columbus, Georgia. The letter includes a check sent to the bank. Dated January 6, 1886.

A business letter dated November 10, 1883, written on the letterhead of Sando & Oberdorfer, general merchandise merchants in Silver City, Idaho Territory. The letter, addressed to R. L. Johnson, discusses mining production, prices, and litigation. The letterhead features a lithograph of an iron stove.

A commercial letter dated January 9, 1877, from Sol. Wangenheim & Co., purveyors of hermetically sealed goods at 118, 120, and 122 Davis Street in San Francisco, California, to R. Cohen. The letter details a list of products, prices, and discounts. The letterhead mentions the Union Preserve Factory, established in 1859.

A hand-carried, stampless letter written by Ira Ballou in Manchester, New Hampshire on July 10, 1840, addressed to J. McDaniel in Concord, Nova Scotia. The letter discusses Ballou's agency for E.W. Capron & Co., selling Persian Pills and David's Jew (Hebrew) Plaster, and requests a supply of the plaster.

A 1 1/2 page, undated letter written September 26, 1847 from Solomon Apfel in Haysville, Kentucky to Emory Low & Co. in Louisville, Kentucky, concerning business problems and delayed payments. The letter offers insight into the business practices of a Jewish immigrant merchant in the 19th century. The letter was mailed from Stephensburg, Kentucky on September 30, 1847.

A commercial letter written by Thalheimer & Hirsch, manufacturers of the Centennial Shirt, to Rhoades & Grosvenor on May 29, 1874. The letter, originating from 14 Bank Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, expresses dissatisfaction with received cloth. The letterhead features a patriotic design incorporating an eagle, the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, and a Star of David containing "C100", a registered trademark dating back to May 2, 1872. The letter measures approximately 12 x 8 1/2 inches.

Letter from Geo. A. Lowe, General Agent for Utah, Nevada, Idaho, and Montana for P. Schuttler's Chicago Wagons, to Henry Elling in Virginia City, Nevada. Dated June 2, 1877. The letter is written on fancy letterhead and discusses wagon works, horse & mule shoes, blacksmith supplies, and farm machinery provided by the company.

Handwritten business letter from Furchgott, Benedict & Co., dealers in dry goods, carpets, and furnishings, located in Jacksonville, Florida, to Hicks & Berg. Dated February 1, 1876. The letterhead also lists the company's locations in Charleston, South Carolina, Atlanta, Georgia, and New York City. The letter concerns the sale of goods. Furchgott's was Jacksonville's fifth oldest business establishment.

A typed letter dated January 31, 1884, from Elsas, May & Co. in Atlanta, Georgia, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter addresses accusations of unfair pricing practices, and includes a list of the company's offices, including one in New York City at 43 Elm Street. The letterhead features a lithograph of the Southern Bag Manufactory.

A letter written by Solomon Billitz on March 20, 1879, to Heidenheimer Bros. in Galveston, Texas. The letter, written on the letterhead of H. Schifer & Co., a Houston, Texas scrap dealer, discusses a land sale involving rice and sugar and questions the legality of the transaction. D. Rosenthal is listed as the manager of H. Schifer & Co.

A commercial letter written by Loeb & Brother, fish wholesalers located at 164 Superior Street, Cleveland, Ohio, to N. E. Harlow on April 7, 1870. The letter's content pertains to business matters, likely related to fish shipping or wholesale trade.

A one-page letter dated April 20, 1880, from I. Frankenthal, assignee, to Ebenezer C. Bailey in Charlotte, North Carolina. Frankenthal informs Bailey, a creditor of Lehman Asiel, about the assignment of Asiel's goods and effects for settlement with creditors. Frankenthal seeks Bailey's advice on the sale of Asiel's goods.

One-page business letter dated February 6, 1884, from L. Frank & Sons in Zanesville, Ohio, to J. Machetauz & Bro. in Matamoras, Ohio. The letter concerns hides, furs, pelts, tallow, rags, and metals. The letterhead features a lithograph or image of a warehouse. Additional information notes L. Frank's burial in Muskingum County, Ohio, at Beth Abraham Jewish Cemetery, and that Julius Frank, a son, died in 1912 and served as a Temple trustee.

Two-page letter dated July 9, 1846, from Herman Cohen in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Hellman & Cohen at 51 Dauphin Street, Mobile, Alabama. The letter discusses business matters, including outstanding debts and cash sales, with some details written in code. The letter also contains a personal postscript discussing Cohen's bathing habits. The letter includes references to several other Jewish merchants.

A one-page letter written by J. J. Cohen in Rome, Georgia on December 16, 1861, discussing difficulties in purchasing tobacco at favorable prices, the lack of assistance from agents, concerns about potential losses from the Great Charleston Fire of December 11, 1861, reflections on the ephemeral nature of wealth, and the writer's anticipation of a visit from the recipient. The letter shows water damage but remains readable.

A business letter dated March 17, 1891, from L. Katzenstein & Co., general machinists and engineers' supplies manufacturers in New York City, to the Furr Alpaca Company in Holyoke, Massachusetts. The letter features an illustration of Katzenstein's patented metallic packing on the letterhead.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The letter, dated March 18, 1869, was sent from Dreyfoos, Cahn & Co., a Cincinnati, Ohio-based shoe company located at 115 West Pearl Street, to Beam & Jay in New Paris, Ohio. The content of the letter is commercial in nature. The envelope provides additional information about the sender and recipient.

A one-page letter, approximately 7-7/8" x 9-3/4", written in German and English, from Isaac Wolf in Fort Wayne, Indiana to Jacobs, Mayers & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 29, 1847. The letter discusses business matters, mentions other Jewish individuals, and includes a Fort Wayne, Indiana cds postmark. A small area of paper loss is present on the address panel.

Commercial letter from S. Waxelbaum & Son, wholesale dry goods merchants in Macon, Georgia, to E. N. Manufacturing Co., dated July 21, 1885. The letter features a vignette of a building with two wagons in front.

A business letter dated November 27, 1884, from E. W. Terry to M. Levy & Sons, commission merchants and cotton factors in New Orleans, Louisiana. The letter discusses cotton prices and is written on Levy & Sons' letterhead. A second image shows the reverse of the letter.

Two-page letter written by Judah Hays to Charles Simms in Boston, Massachusetts, on September 4, 1805. The letter includes a copy of a previous letter sent on July 4, 1805, and inquires about the lack of response. The letter mentions dealings with General Thomson Mason of Alexandria, Virginia. Hays' letter is signed twice.

A commercial letter dated May 5, 1884, sent from Abe Mayer & Brother, general merchants and dry goods and groceries in Clinton, Louisiana, to A. Lehman & Co. in New Orleans, Louisiana. The letter features a vignette of the Mayer Building.

A business letter from Eckman & Vetsburg, wholesale dry goods and notions merchants, located at 151 & 153 Congress Street, Savannah, Georgia. The letter, dated approximately November 1, 1884, mentions a New York City office at 39 Worth Street. The letterhead features a vignette of an office building and a horse-drawn carriage.

Letter from J. Pollock & Co., wholesale dry goods merchants, located at Nos. 6 & 8 South Water Street in Mobile, Alabama, dated May 14, 1883. The letterhead features a vignette of an office building with horse-drawn wagons. J. Pollock was president of Sha'arai Shomayim Synagogue.

A letter dated May 25, 1886, from A. Rosenfeld & Co. in Owensboro, Kentucky, to W. P. Howard & Co. in St. Louis, Missouri. The letter, on the letterhead of the Rock Spring Distilling Co., discusses the distilling business and features an illustration of their Tip Top Whiskey brand. The letter mentions A. Rosenfeld and Abe Hirsch as partners.

A letter dated September 10, 1889, from Henry Wolff, a dealer in watch materials, jewelers' findings, and music boxes at 120 Sutter Street, San Francisco, California, to the Bullion and Exchange Bank in Carson City, Nevada. The letter's content is not specified, but a San Francisco newspaper clipping referencing the engagement of Miss Kittle Kohen and Mr. Henry Wolff is mentioned.

A bifolium broadside issued by Lazard Frères & Co. on March 31, 1884, announcing the appointment of Eugene Arnstein as a partner in their New York City office. The broadside also lists the firm's offices in London and Paris and specifies the banks on which the firm draws. One page displays Arnstein's signature for authentication.

A letter dated April 11, 1887, written by Sylvain Levy of St. Louis, Missouri, to Mr. Halliday in Dillon, Montana. The letter, written on Charles Rebstock & Co. letterhead (200 South Main Street, St. Louis), discusses the price and availability of T. B. Ripy whiskey. Levy mentions he will be in Ogden, Utah, in a few days and requests that Halliday write to him there at the Broom Hotel. The letter measures 8 3/8" x 10 3/4".

A one-page, stampless letter dated May 21, 1792, written by Solomon Raphael from Philadelphia to Daniel Clymer in Reading, Pennsylvania. The letter concerns the collection of a debt owed by a Mr. Zeanley. The body of the letter is in a hand other than Raphael's, but it is signed by him. The letter includes a docket by Clymer.

A three-page letter, with an additional two and a half pages of cross-hatched writing, from Abraham Joseph in London, England to T.I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated February 11, 1823. The letter discusses family matters and business dealings, referencing speculation linked to the Rothschilds. The handwriting is difficult to decipher due to the cross-hatching.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond, Virginia on April 9, 1823. The letter discusses ordinary business matters.

Two-page letter from N. Mears, formerly of Jerusalem, residing in Peckham, Surrey, London, to Michael I. Tobias, a watchmaker in Liverpool, England, dated March 14, 1823. Mears details a debt owed by Tobias related to a watch case draft that was dishonored due to the bankruptcy of a third party, Rosenberg. Mears discusses previous attempts to collect payment, including a visit to Tobias in New York City by an associate, and indicates that if payment is not made, he will pursue legal action.

A one-half page, stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond, Virginia on March 24, 1823. The letter pertains to ordinary business matters.

A one-page stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond, Virginia on April 16, 1823. The letter discusses ordinary business matters.

Two-page letter written by Henry Joseph in Kingston, Jamaica, to T. I. Tobias in New York City on April 20, 1823. Joseph explains his inability to repay a debt, mentioning A. Piexotto & T. R. DeCordova.

A one and one-quarter page stampless letter from N. Hart in London, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated May 13, 1823. Hart congratulates Tobias on the birth of a son; the remainder of the letter pertains to business matters.

A three-page letter written by Abraham Joseph in London, England, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, on June 23, 1823. The letter discusses reconciliation between Tobias I. Tobias and his brother, and business matters concerning a debt owed to Moses Samuel of Liverpool.

A three-page, stampless letter written by M. L. Mozley in Liverpool, England, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, New York, on July 1, 1823. The letter discusses family matters and gossip, along with some business dealings.

A three and a half page letter from Abraham Joseph in London, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated July 5, 1823. The letter discusses the impending arrival of Mikee Tobias (brother of Tobias I. Tobias) in New York City, the health of Sylvester Joseph in Holland, and encourages his settlement in America. It also includes business gossip and mentions the Rothschilds.

One-page letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, dated August 8, 1823. The letter discusses business matters and family news, with Judah expressing concern about not hearing from Tobias.

Stampless letter, one and one-quarter pages, from N. Hart in London to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, dated September 11, 1823. The letter is an angry demand for payment of an outstanding debt.

One-page stampless letter from Mikee Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York, NY, dated November 29, 1823. The letter pertains to the ongoing collection of funds owed to Mikee Tobias by Tobias I. Tobias, a continuation of a matter also discussed in document 20.1222T. Mikee seeks assistance in obtaining payment from A. Joseph.

A one-page letter from N. Hart in London, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated January 30, 1824. The letter discusses accounts and a discrepancy in the amount due to Hart.

One-page letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to E. E. Nicholls in New York City on August 8, 1824. The letter mentions enclosing a draft related to the account of Judah Cohen as a legacy bequest to friends in Richmond, Virginia. The letter may be a draft itself.

A one-page, stampless letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on April 26, 1825. The letter discusses business matters and accounts.

A two-and-a-half page letter from Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to his brother, Mike Tobias (likely in England), dated January 24 and February 1, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the high prices of French brandy due to the possibility of war and suggests purchasing Pope Brandy instead. A later portion discusses clover seed purchases by Cohen in Baltimore for Rothschild and advises on selling due to oversupply.

A one-and-a-half page stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on January 24, 1836, to his brother Mike (likely residing in England). The letter primarily discusses business matters concerning shipments of seed, rum, and barley.

Two-page business letter from Abraham Tobias & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated October 8, 1836. The letter details business matters including a wine shipment, the cholera epidemic, cloth materials, and a draft on books. It concludes with a note from D. C. Levy expressing gratitude for hospitality in New York City.

A two-page letter from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his father, T. I. Tobias, in New York, New York, dated November 29, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, including commissions, credit limitations, and the upcoming publication of a new edition of Yontif Books. A short note, dated November 30, 1836, is added on a third page, mentioning poor business conditions in London.

A two and a half-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his parents, T. I. and Mrs. Tobias, in New York, New York, on December 23, 1836. The letter discusses questionable business associates and includes a moral reflection on parental duty. The letter is stampless.

A three-page letter from Michael I. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York, New York, dated December 7, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the shipping of knives and forks, and details the tight credit situation in London and the significant discount on bills of exchange, highlighting economic conditions in both the United Kingdom and the United States.

A three-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Manchester, England, to his father, T.I. Tobias, in New York, New York, on December 8, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, including cloth samples from Yorkshire, weather conditions affecting shipping delays, Henry's homesickness, and the sending of cheese to be shared with Mr. Hendricks, Uriah, and Henry.

One-page business letter written on the letterhead of Nathan Levi & Co., located at the corner of Mill and Market Streets in Rochester, New York. Dated September 10, 1877, the letter was sent to C. G. Sigood in Wellsboro, Pennsylvania. The letterhead indicates that Nathan Levi & Co. were dealers in clothing, engaged in manufacturing and wholesale business. Additional names, Levi, Nathan | Lichtenstein, Rudoph | Rothschild, Bernard, are listed on the letter.

A two-page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Manchester, England on January 11, 1836, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the arrival of Mr. Peck's shipment in England and Henry's upcoming travel to London and Paris.

A one-page letter written by Jonas Hasting in Port Gibson, Mississippi, on February 20, 1837, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter concerns a promise to pay a debt.

A two and three-quarter page letter from Michael I. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated March 7, 1837. The letter discusses business matters, advising caution in financial dealings and relaying concerns about the Bank of England. This letter, along with others in the collection, highlights the importance of transatlantic family commercial intelligence during the Panic of 1837.

A two and one-quarter page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York City on March 31, 1837. The letter discusses the difficult economic conditions in England, including business failures and widespread pessimism, in the context of the impending Panic of 1837.

A three-page letter dated April 7, 1837, from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, including concerns about a delayed ship carrying cash, difficulties discounting American notes, business failures, and economic hardships affecting spinners in England. The letter provides insight into transatlantic family commercial intelligence three weeks before the Panic of 1837.

A one-page stampless letter written by S. S. Thornton in Manchester, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City on July 15, 1837. The letter inquires about Henry Tobias's departure from Mr. P (possibly Peck) amidst the Panic of 1837.

A two-page, stampless letter written by George Tobias in Liverpool, England, on November 7, 1837, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter primarily discusses business matters, mentioning potential market improvements, speculation impacting inventory, and an anticipated price drop after Christmas.

A two and a half page stampless letter written by L. M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his cousin Henry Tobias in New York, New York, on November 23, 1837. The letter contains personal news, gossip, and business matters, including a humorous reference to L. M. Tobias's mistress.

One-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England on April 10, 1838 to Low & Berry in Paris, France. The letter is a copy from a letterbook.

A copy of a one-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Low & Berry in Paris, France on March 20, 1837. The letter is part of a letter book.

A two-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Thomas Peck on March 31, 1837. The letter is a copy from a letter book.

A two-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, on March 31, 1837, to Thomas Peck. Sent via the packet ship "George Washington," the letter discusses the failures of houses in America within the context of the Panic of 1837.

A one-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to W. W. Battye in Huddersfield, England, on March 31, 1837. This is a letterbook copy.

A letterbook copy of a two-and-a-half-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, on April 8, 1837, to Thomas Peck. The letter was sent via the packet ship "United States" and discusses the failures of businesses in America and the difficult economic times. The letter provides context to the Panic of 1837.

A two-and-a-half-page business letter, dated April 15, 1837, from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Thomas Peck. The letter discusses the difficult economic times of the Panic of 1837.

A two-page business letter, dated April 23, 1837, written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Thomas Peck. The letter's content reflects the economic climate of the Panic of 1837.

A 1 1/2-page stampless letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on May 5th and 7th, 1838, to his father, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York City. The letter discusses the recent death of M.J. Tobias, plans to visit Uncle Asher in London, and contains business matters.

Two-page letter from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated April 27 and May 1, 1838. The letter discusses the appointment of Henry and Charles as agents for their cousins George and Fred Tobias, Henry's hope to receive money from Uncle Asher, a suggestion of a loan from Uriah Hendricks, and the takeover of the family firm by the sons. The letter mentions American papers.

A two-and-a-quarter page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York City on May 7, 1838. The letter details business matters concerning two boxes of watches for Read & Taylor, Fellows & Wadsworth, and instructions to contact Hutchinson, Reed, Leseure, McGean, Farr, and Dixon regarding notes payable.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City on May 8, 1838. The letter discusses business matters, mentioning working late and missing breakfast.

Two commercial letters written in 1838. The first, dated May 16, 1838, is from M. I. Tobias & Co. in Liverpool, England, to Henry and Charles Tobias in New York City. The correspondent mentions a letter from the executor of their deceased parent and discusses business matters, particularly orders and inventory levels for Philadelphia clients. The second letter, dated May 29, 1838, from Fred Tobias in Liverpool to Charles Tobias in New York, mentions Henry's departure for New York and sends family greetings.

A 2 1/2 page letter from Henry Tobias in London, England to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated May 19, 1838. Henry announces receiving 1000 pounds from Uncle Asher, using the funds to purchase approximately 550 pounds worth of goods to be shipped to Charles, anticipating a handsome profit. He also mentions purchasing a new sign for the store.

A one-page stampless letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on May 23, 1838, to his cousin Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters.

A one-page letter from Schmidt & Werner in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated May 30, 1838. The letter includes three pasted-in newspaper notices announcing the death of M. J. Tobias and the subsequent takeover of his business by his sons, F. M. and G. W. Tobias, with Henry & Chas. Tobias named as their agents in New York City. The cost of each newspaper notice is noted.

A one-page, stampless letter written by A. S. Thornton in Manchester, England, on June 1, 1838, to Mr. Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses insuring goods for shipment to America.

A four and a half page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on February 12, 1839, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details business matters, family news, and plans for Charles's impending trip to America. The letter mentions the recovery of merchandise from a shipwreck, family disputes involving their uncle Asher Levy, and Henry's upcoming marriage to Rosalie Hendricks.

A two-page letter written by C. A. D'Araigo in Madrid, Spain, on June 28, 1839, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, personal health, and the progress of a school for young Hebrews.

A two-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Barnsley, England, on November 21, 1839, to his brother Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter details a business plan to address financial difficulties, discusses a failed business venture ('Pasell's'), and expresses concern about a relative ('Cousin Fred').

A one and a half page stampless letter written by C. Melhado in Panama on May 18, 1840, to Charles Tobias in New York City. Melhado discusses his plans to remain in Panama to explore the Isthmus of Darien, mentions a letter of introduction he sent for Justo Arosemena, and inquires about Tobias's marital plans. The letter also notes that Arosemena's father was the Collector of Customs.

A two-page commercial letter written in neat, small handwriting by Leech Harrison & Co. of Liverpool, England, to H. & C. Tobias in New York City on September 30, 1840. The letter discusses the political climate in Europe, predicting the avoidance of war, and provides a detailed trade report and market analysis focusing on cotton and flour.

A two-page commercial letter dated July 31, 1840, from Leech, Harrison & Co. in Liverpool, England, to H. & C. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter provides a detailed trade report and analysis of cotton, flour, and overall market conditions, including predictions about American crops. The writers express a generally optimistic outlook on the return of confidence in trade.

A two-page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England on January 3, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York, New York. The letter details business transactions involving goods such as buttons, velvet, and silk, including discussions of discounts and sales.

A three-page letter, plus a page of cross-hatch markings, from Charles Tobias in Holyhead, England, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City, dated May 7, 1841. Charles details his sea voyage to Liverpool, his health, and his sister Sophie's improved health. A significant portion of the letter discusses business matters, including the financial troubles of Elias Mosley and advice for Henry regarding bills of exchange.

A 1 1/2 page letter written by Charles Tobias in Huddersfield, England, on May 17, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details Charles's difficulties finding suitable goods for resale, his planned itinerary for sourcing goods, and updates on Sophie's improved health and stay at Rock Ferry.

Three-page letter, plus one page of cross-hatching, from Charles Tobias in Rock Ferry, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City, dated May 23, 1841. The letter discusses Sophie's health improvement, business dealings involving purchases for resale, sending samples to Henry, and Charles's view on the upcoming selling season.

A two-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Kidderminster, England, on May 26, 1841, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters related to the button trade, family news, and Charles's travels and lodging at the Lion Hotel.

Three-page letter, plus a two-page cross-hatch addition, from Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City, dated June 3, 1841. The letter details business matters, specifically orders for silk goods, including a discussion on credit and discounting notes. The letter also includes personal news regarding family members.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England on June 6, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter briefly discusses patterns for vestings and the credit terms to be received.

A three-page letter written by Charles Tobias in London, England on July 21, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details business transactions, including orders for jewelry and knives from Paris, financial difficulties, and a health update.

Three-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England on June 17, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter primarily discusses business matters, including orders for jewelry, silk, velvet, and knives placed in Paris on June 11, 1841. It also includes personal details expressing concern over Henry's spending habits and his emotional state.

A 2 1/2 page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England on June 17, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses family matters, including the illness of Sophia and the behavior of Edmond, and also touches upon general business affairs. The letter was enclosed within another letter (20.1310).

A three-page, stampless business letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York, dated July 11, 1841. The letter discusses business matters, including collection issues and purchases.

A three-page letter from Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, dated July 16 and July [day unknown], 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, including watch sales and a competitor's attempt to undercut prices. It also includes personal news about the family's health and activities, including a vacation in Wales.

A four-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on August 6, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details various purchases, including cloth, doeskins, watches, and paste diamonds. Charles Tobias also describes his illness and impending surgery.

A three-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City on August 17, 1841. The letter discusses Charles's recovery from an operation, business matters concerning braid and silk, and indicates a misunderstanding between the two brothers regarding business practices, specifically the sending of invoices and instructions.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York on August 31, 1841. The letter discusses general business news, mentioning buttons, terry silks, and satin.

A one-page commercial letter from R. & A. Campbell in Baltimore, Maryland, dated October 30, 1841, to Henry & Charles Tobias, importers of watches in New York, New York. The letter details an order and description of a watch, chain, and fob.

A three-page, stampless letter from Henry Tobias in Manchester, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated November 28, 1841. The letter discusses general business matters, including watches, gold dials, braid, silk, and moleskins.

A three-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Kidderminster, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City on November 28, 1841. The letter discusses business matters, including a new product (elastic hair cord), sales of Sheffield cutlery, and advertising for a machinist. Henry mentions upcoming travel to London and Paris.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, New York, on December 3, 1841. The letter discusses the writer's return home and mentions new styles of buttons and braids.

A 2 1/2 page letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England, on December 3, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses general business matters, including cloth and buttons, and the health and affairs of Asher Tobias, who is planning a trip to America. Henry seeks assistance from Uriah Hendrick regarding Asher's financial matters.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Ventnor, Isle of Wight, England, on December 9, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses a meeting with Fanny and Uriah Hendricks, comments on Fanny's weight, and details business matters including buttons, twist, credit, and house repairs needed before renting a property on Amity Street. Henry instructs his mother to wait for his return before leaving her home.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Paris, France on December 22, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses vestments purchases and financial considerations for a potential business venture between the Tobias family and another party, requiring a 50% capital contribution from M.I. Tobias & Co.

Four-page letter from Henry Tobias in Paris to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated December 26 and 31, 1841. The letter details Henry's business trip, including invoices and a request for funds due to unexpected expenses.

A one-page business letter written by Samson Levy in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Jonathan Meredith in Baltimore, Maryland on October 17, 1808. The letter is unstamped.

A letter dated July 25, 1843, from Secku Meylert in Montrose, Pennsylvania, to John M. Read in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter includes a copy of a letter Meylert received from Christian Kunckel regarding a rejected business proposition and a proposed meeting in Wilkes Barre to settle the dispute. Meylert also updates Read on his travel plans.

A two-page manuscript letter from S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon, to R. Jacobs, agent for the Oregon City Manufacturing Co. in Oregon City, Oregon, dated February 17, 1871. The letter discusses the terms of a wool purchasing agreement, including commission rates, payment methods, and quantity stipulations. The letter showcases the commercial activities of Jewish merchants in Oregon during the 19th century.

A one-page business letter written on the letterhead of H. Myers & Hano, Brandies, Wines & Gin, located at 134 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated July 20, 1878, the letter inquires about the creditworthiness of a merchant in Hellertown, Pennsylvania, to Alfred Crist, an attorney in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

One-page business letter written by Marcus Whiteman to C. C. Gise on March 21, 1884, from White Oaks, New Mexico. Whiteman's letterhead identifies him as a dealer in dry goods, clothing, boots, shoes, hardware, and miners' supplies. The letter discusses a previous loan of $10 and payment of $50, and provides commentary on the economic conditions in White Oaks, New Mexico.

A one-page business letter from M. Sabel & Sons, wool dealers located at 116 East Market Street, Louisville, Kentucky, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. Dated May 5, 1883. The letter measures 6" x 9".

Autograph letter signed (ALS) from C. H. Viel of East Phoenix to L. M. Jacobs & Co. of Tucson, Arizona Territory, dated June 15, 1879. The letter discusses the price of flour. Written on the letterhead of The Salt River Flouring Mill.

A telegraph message sent on August 7, 1878, from B. M. Jacobs in Yuma, Arizona to Marcus Katz. The message, imprinted with the "War Department, Signal Service U.S.A." logo, inquires about news from Lionel. This is one of eight related telegrams sent between April and September 1878, primarily concerning the business dealings of L.M. Jacobs & Co., a Tucson-based mercantile and banking firm. The telegrams detail the transfer of goods and money between Yuma and Tucson.

Collection of eight telegraph messages sent between Yuma and Tucson, Arizona, between April and September 1878. The messages, primarily from David Neahr to L.M. Jacobs & Co., detail business transactions concerning money transfers, shipping of goods, and railroad cargo. Most messages bear the imprint of the War Department, Signal Service U.S.A. The messages provide insight into the operations of L.M. Jacobs & Co., a prominent Jewish mercantile and banking firm in Tucson.

Collection of eight telegrams sent between April and September 1878 from David Neahr in Yuma, Arizona to L.M. Jacobs & Co. in Tucson, Arizona. The telegrams, on War Department, Signal Service U.S.A. forms, concern financial transactions, shipping of goods, and delivery details. The telegrams are part of a larger collection detailing the business activities of L.M. Jacobs & Co., prominent Tucson pioneers and bankers.

A business letter from A. Anhalt & Co., located at 4 Nicks Street in Elmira, New York, dated January 5, 1881. The letter discusses a problematic account. A. Anhalt, a Jewish merchant, was the overseer of the poor in Elmira. The letter is signed by an unknown individual, ? Schwartz, and addressed to A. N. Switzer. The company dealt in raw furs, wool, hides, pelts, calf skins, tallow, and beeswax.

A commercial letter dated August 31, 1886, from Michael & Neiman, a dry goods, groceries, clothing, boots and shoes, hardware, railroad ties, and lumber business in New Washington, Pennsylvania, to A. E. Patton. The letter, written in broken English, is a billing statement.

A commercial letter dated April 15, 1883, from J. J. Cohen's Sons, wholesale dealers in cigars, tobacco, and snuff, located at 36 Wall Street in Atlanta, Georgia, to T. F. Burbank at Cedar Farm, Georgia. The letterhead features the company's name and address.

A letter dated November 30, 1881, from Hirsch, Feibleman & Co., wholesale grocers and importers of fine wines and liquors in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Urbana, New York. The letter features large, colored printed lettering on the letterhead.

A commercial letter dated November 24, 1881, from Hirsch, Feibleman & Co., wholesale grocers and importers of fine wines and liquors in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Rheims, New York. The letterhead features large, colored lettering.

Collection of three business letters. The first letter is from Einstein Brothers, Wholesale Liquor Dealers, located at 42 Merwin St., Cleveland, Ohio, dated November 3, 1874. The second letter is from Ullman, Einstein & Co., Whiskey Merchants and distillers of Ohio grape brandy, with a lithograph of their office at 154-156-158 Sheriff St., Cleveland, Ohio, noting establishment in 1866. The third letter is from Ullman-Einstein & Co., Whiskies, Distilleries, Baltimore Distilling Co. & Blenders of fine old Whiskies, located at 657-659 Bolivar Rd. & 2166-2176 East 7th St. (location not specified, but likely in Baltimore, MD), noting establishment in 1866 and incorporation in 1904, and listing nine directors. The business ceased operations in 1919.

Commercial letter from Frank Litsch to Weil Bros., wine and liquor merchants in San Francisco, California, dated December 11, 1876. The letter discusses the business operations of Weil Bros., mentioning their acquisition of Frederick H. Putzman's business in 1868 and their location at 213 Jackson Street. The letter also references the company's slogan, "Up to You."

A commercial letter dated August 13, 1889, from Henry Wolff, located at 120 Sutter St., Rooms 5 & 6, San Francisco, California, to the Bullion & Exchange Bank in Carson City, Nevada. The letter concerns an endorsed note for $20.00 belonging to Isadore Cohen.

A letter dated June 10, 1887, from Henry Wolf to Isadore Cohen concerning a $20 bank note endorsed by Cohen. The letter contains commercial content and was written from 120 Sutter St., Rooms 5 & 6, San Francisco. The letter also mentions watch-making materials.

A one-page letter dated November 30, 1821, from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to Edward Pollock in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, including slow trade, a pending shipment of goods, and the anticipated arrival of a ship named 'The Leader'.

A one-page letter, approximately 6-1/4" x 7-3/4", dated November 5, 1843, from Mrs. B. Levy in Watertown, New York, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter, which has a "WATERTOWN/N.Y." cds postmark and manuscript "18-3/4" rate, discusses a debt owed to Tobias by Mrs. Levy's husband, who was temporarily out of town. The letter's reverse features a note written in German.

A one-page letter, approximately 8-1/4" x 7-1/4", dated December 27, 1843, from David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses a business matter involving a draft for three hundred dollars and mentions future account statements. The letter has a Charleston, S.C. postmark and a manuscript "25" rate.

A three-quarter page letter, approximately 8" x 10", dated January 6, 1825, from Michael Nisbet in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses commercial matters, specifically a bonded shawl transaction with Eleazer Cohen, Nisbet's business partner. The letter includes details about outstanding debts and payment arrangements. The letter bears a "PHIL" cds postmark, a "PAID" handstamp, and a manuscript "12-1/2" rate indication.

A three-page business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, on June 4, 1826, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City. The letter discusses the poor business climate in Richmond, Judah's financial situation, and the prospects of a merchant named Isaac. It also includes personal reflections on his workload and social commentary on the economic situation.

A commercial letter dated February 19, 1883, from B. Desenberg & Co., commission merchants in Kalamazoo, Michigan, to the cashier of the First National Bank. The letter requests payment.

A business letter dated March 29, 1884, from Rosenthal Bros., wholesale clothiers located at 70 Canal Street in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter includes banking instructions.

A business letter dated August 22, 1885, from M. Levy & Sons, cotton factors and merchants in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter pertains to a cotton order.

A two-page letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on December 16, 1823. The letter details business matters, including the state of the business climate, the availability of Irish whiskey, and difficulties fulfilling customer orders.

A one and one-quarter page stampless letter written by Michael Nesbit in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on April 25, 1835. The letter details a business transaction concerning port, bottles, and cloth.

A half-page letter written by David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on September 24, 1845. The letter discusses a $503.75 demand note drawn on the Union Bank (NYC), the sale of champagne and tea, and Levy's instructions to Tobias not to send more goods due to slow business. Levy also sends regards to Tobias's brother.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Joseph L. Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City on August 18, 1846. Joseph requests that Henry purchase coils of rope, specifying dimensions, and sends regards to Henry's wife.

A one-page letter written by David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on September 4, 1840. Levy requests Tobias forward a letter to Bordeaux, France, and discusses the business of selling port wine, gin, and champagne. He also expresses condolences on the death of Tobias's daughter-in-law.

A one-page stampless letter, approximately 7-1/2" x 9-1/2", dated July 11, 1825, written by Lucius Levy Solomons in Albany, New York, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City. Solomons, writing on behalf of his father, Levy Solomons, returns a note from Mr. Gilfert, explaining an unsuccessful attempt to collect payment and declining further involvement in the matter. The letter includes an "ALBANY" cds and a manuscript "12-1/2" rate.

A one-page stampless letter, dated March 7, 1848, from Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia to T. I. Tobias in New York City. Minis discusses unsatisfactory sales of goods, particularly wine, explaining discrepancies in quantities and attributing them to absorption during shipment. He apologizes for the poor results and includes his current prices.

A one-page stampless letter, measuring approximately 7-5/8" x 9-1/2", dated July 12, 1825, from H. Burts, Cashier of the Hartford Bank, to Harmon Hendricks in New York City. The letter discusses the enclosure of 100 shares of United States Bank stock as payment on a note and includes a list of U.S. Bank stock holders held at the Hartford Bank, notably including Aaron L. Gomez and Seixas Nathan. The letter also mentions Henry L. Ellsworth.

One-page letter written by D. T. Charles in Albany, New York, to T. F. Mason on March 28, 1870. The letter discusses plans to meet Adolph Sutro in New York City while Sutro awaits documents from California. T. F. Mason appears to have been involved in land sales in the Michigan copper fields.

A one-half page letter dated May 3, 1854, from Robert H. Gratz in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Samuel B. Lehman in Lebanon, Pennsylvania. The letter, written on stationery from the Philadelphia Gas Works, discusses shares of stock in the Western Bank. The original envelope is included. The letter begins with “Friend Sam” and is signed “Your friend, R.H. Gratz.”

A letter dated February 25, 1876, from Greenfield & Strauss, wholesale confectioners in New York City, to the Kenton Savings Bank in Kenton, Ohio. The letter contains instructions to the bank. The letter measures approximately 5 1/4" x 8 1/4".

Three-page letter (written on five sides), each page measuring 9" x 6", written on the advertising letterhead of The San Antonio Club, San Antonio, Texas, dated January 29, 1885. The letter details business matters concerning the contractual terms of a land deal from B. Oppenheimer and is addressed to N. A. Milton in Houston, Texas. Included is a cover from "B. Oppenheimer & Co." B. Oppenheimer & Co. was active in Jewish affairs.

A commercial letter written by Solomon Gans of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to J. S. & C. Wright & Co. of New York, New York, dated October 4, 1871. The letter pertains to Gans's wholesale clothing business located at 409 Market Street, Philadelphia.

A commercial letter written by Solomon Gans of Gans Wholesale Clothing Warehouse in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. on October 10, 1871. The letter, written on Gans's letterhead, showcases business communication practices of the time and provides insights into the clothing trade in 19th-century Philadelphia.

A commercial letter written by M. Levy of M. Levy Confectioneries, Fruits, Bakery, and Manufactory in Aberdeen, Mississippi, to Bungauer & Weil on March 21, 1877. The letter expresses complaint about the non-receipt of goods. The letter is handwritten and signed.

A commercial letter from Cohen, Mack & Co., clothiers in New York City, to F. Auerbach & Bro. in Salt Lake City, Utah, dated May 5, 1875. The letter acknowledges payment of a balance due on the account of Theodore H. Auerbach and details further payments made on his behalf.

A commercial letter dated October 14, 1871, from Weil & Cahn, wholesale dry goods merchants located at 9 & 11 South Street, St. Joseph, Missouri, to J. S. & C. Wright & Co. The letter notes that no business was transacted on Saturday.

Business letter dated October 10, 1871, from J. Lowman & Brother, located at the northeast corner of Pearl and Race Streets in Cincinnati, Ohio, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. in New York, New York. The letter pertains to business dealings between the two companies.

A business letter from E. Ikelheimer & Co. in Selma, Alabama, to E. C. Bailey in Boston, Massachusetts, dated April 5, 1881. The letterhead displays the company's address as No. 8 Broad St., Selma, Alabama, and mentions the company's founding in 1844.

A commercial letter dated November 22, 1886, from Ed. Ikelheimer & Co. in Selma, Alabama, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letterhead features a large eagle logo with the inscription "founded 1844".

Letter from Ed. Ikelheimer & Co. in Selma, Alabama, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia, dated March 31, 1887. The letterhead features a large eagle logo with the text "founded 1844". The letter also mentions Nathan Kahn.

A business letter from Ed. Ikelheimer & Co. in Selma, Alabama, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia, dated March 31, 1887. The letterhead features a large eagle logo with "founded 1844". The letter also mentions Nathan Kahn.

Letter from Lehman, Durr & Co., cotton factors and general commission merchants in Montgomery, Alabama, to D. W. Boz in Wetumpka, Alabama, dated October 15, 1867. The letter discusses cotton prices in Mobile and New Orleans. Lehman, Durr & Co. was the founding firm of Lehman Brothers in New York City.

Commercial letter from Weinreb & Alpiner, cigar manufacturers located at 123 West Madison Street, Chicago, Illinois, to M. C. Clark in Momence, Illinois, dated September 28, 1872. The letter measures approximately 8" x 10".

A business letter dated October 14, 1871, from Seliger & Newman, located at 18 Hanover Street, Baltimore, Maryland, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. in New York, New York. The letter includes a check.

A business letter dated October 12, 1871, from Levy Brothers at 1213 & 1215 Main St., Richmond, Virginia, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. The letter includes a check.

A letter dated December 11, 1892, sent to an address at 1151-1161 North 3rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter was sent by Fels & Co., manufacturers of toilet soap.

Commercial letter written by W. A. Carter to A. Kuhn & Bro. on July 2, 1879. The letter was sent from Bridger, Utah, and concerns business matters related to Ogden, Utah.

An envelope addressed to L. Rosenfeld in Red Oak, Iowa, postmarked January 25, 1890. The envelope features advertising depicting a railroad map of the Red Oak, Iowa area. The envelope was sent from Oskaloosa, Iowa.

A one and one-quarter page letter written by Richa Hernshein to Mr. L. Guns (possibly Gans) in Roma, Texas on May 27, 1850. Hernshein writes at the request of Mr. H. Seeligson, urging Guns to settle a debt with Charles Schmidt and Mr. Ash, partners of Mr. Hahn, for the benefit of Hernshein and Haber, Goldsmith & Co. of New Orleans. The letter also expresses concern for her children.

Letter from Drey & Kahn, French and American Window Glass dealers in St. Louis, Missouri, to Robertson & Herndon, attorneys in Tyler, Texas. Dated December 18, 1876. The letter discusses business matters. Both firms were Jewish.

Business letter from Drey & Kahn, French and American Window Glass manufacturers in St. Louis, Missouri, to Robertson & Herndon, attorneys in Tyler, Texas, dated January 11, 1877. The letter discusses business matters between the two firms, both of which appear to have Jewish owners.

A one-page, stampless letter (approximately 7-3/8" x 9") dated September 17, 1843, written from Colchester, England, to Michael Samuel in Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada. The letter combines business and personal matters, expressing concern over disturbances in Chatham, England, related to a disputed 1843 parliamentary election. The writer hopes that "no injury will come to you and yours". Michael Samuel's involvement in the repeal of the State Oath in New Brunswick by 1846 is referenced in the collection description.

A one-page letter, approximately 7-1/2" x 9-3/4", dated October 8, 1848, from E. Waitzfelder & Co. in Milledgeville, Georgia to Jacob Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter details a complaint about a shortage of goods in a recent shipment and requests a credit adjustment.

Billhead from Spelman Brothers, a fancy goods, notions, and trimmings business located at 355 & 357 Broadway, New York, New York. The billhead is dated March 27, 1885, and was sent to George W. Witbeck in Nassau, New York. The billhead indicates a statement to a bank.

A commercial letter from the stock brokerage firm Zadig, Wollberg & Co., located at 306 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California, to J. R. Hofer in Carson City, Nevada, dated July 20, 1888. The letter pertains to a financial transaction, possibly a buy slip.

A letter from the firm Cohen & Fosdick in Savannah, Georgia, to I. G. Weld in Boston, Massachusetts, dated November 21, 1851. The letter discusses cotton prices and other matters related to the cotton trade.

Commercial letter sent from New York to L. A. Levy Jr. in New Orleans, Louisiana on April 4, 1842. The letter expresses dissatisfaction or unhappiness, the exact nature of which is not specified in the available metadata.

Commercial letter from J. D. Phillips in New York, New York to L. A. Levy Jr. in New Orleans, Louisiana, dated April 7, 1842. The letter expresses dissatisfaction, details available in the full letter.

Commercial letter from M. I. Tobias & Co. in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York, dated June 18, 1844. The letter pertains to business matters.

One-page commercial letter written by George Washington Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his uncle, T.I. Tobias, in New York, New York, on November 24, 1837. The letter discusses a billing error.

A stampless, one-quarter page commercial letter written by Dickson & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 6, 1846, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York. The letter pertains to commercial items.

A one-page letter written by John R. Livingston in New York, New York on July 20, 1793, to Homberg & Homberg in either Philadelphia, Pennsylvania or New York City. The letter discusses the shipment of furs and a problem with a bill of exchange.

A letter written by Charles Tobias to his father, Tobias I. Tobias, on January 1, 1850, in New York, New York. The letter discusses business matters and requests the sending of sheet music.

A one-page letter, approximately 6-1/2" x 8", dated December 25, 1770, in Newport, Rhode Island. Written by Moses Michael Hays and Myer Polock, it notifies the Captain of the ship *The Rising Sun* of the execution of a bill of sale for the ship to Mr. Livingston, involving Michael Gratz and Mr. Hart. The letter instructs the captain to follow Mr. Gratz's instructions. This letter is part of Myer Polock's scheme to defraud creditors and Hays.

A letter written by J. Moss in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York on July 27, 1841. The content of the letter pertains to commercial matters.

A half-page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, dated April 27, 1826.

A one-page printed circular (broadside) announcing the formation of the business partnership Levy & Colgate in New York City on February 1, 1837. The circular details their business in drugs, dye-stuffs, paints, oils, etc. The broadside was mailed as a folded letter to John L. Thompson in Troy, New York, bearing a New York postmark and manuscript rate.

Post office receipt from B. Lowenstein & Co. in Mora, New Mexico to F. Rosenwald & Co. in Las Vegas, New Mexico, dated February 7, 1883. The receipt documents a financial transaction between the two companies.

A business letter dated June 26, 1885, from Rosenberg & Co., saddle and harness manufacturers located at No. 18 Broad Street, Selma, Alabama, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter measures 5.75" x 9".

A commercial letter dated September 30, 1871, from Stettauers & Wineman, a large dry goods dealer in Chicago, Illinois, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. in New York, New York. The letter, written eight days before the Great Chicago Fire, includes a check (not present in the collection) for $392.54.

A letter dated October 3, 1899, written by Ansley D. Cohen to his wife in Maine. The letter, written on Cohen & Wells Ship Brokers and Commission Merchants letterhead, discusses the writer's inability to leave port due to inclement weather. The accompanying envelope also bears the Cohen & Wells letterhead. Cohen inherited the firm from his father, Joseph Cohen. Records indicate the firm's existence as far back as 1872, possibly dating to the Civil War era. The letter details the purchase of six ships. Ansley D. Cohen married Carrie Moise on May 28, 1880.

Envelope addressed to George Bamberger at 280 Broadway, sent from T. C. Millard & Co., a hat manufacturing company in Danbury, Connecticut, on January 21, 1889. The envelope is part of the E collection at the University of Pennsylvania.

Commercial letter written by T. R. Hall to Guggenheimer & Co., wholesale grocers, on July 26, 1879. The letter, written on Guggenheimer & Co. letterhead, discusses tobacco and originates from Poolesville, Maryland, with the recipient in Baltimore, Maryland.

A commercial letter dated July 18, 1879, from Guggenheimer & Co., wholesale grocers located at 22 Commerce Street, Baltimore, Maryland, to T. R. Hall in Poolesville, Maryland. The letter, which is partially printed, concerns the topic of tobacco.

A letter dated February 2, 1885, written by Sol Mehrbach of Sol Mehrbach Stables in New York City (152 & 154 East 24th Street) to Edward Lowe. The letter discusses the sale of horses and mentions Isidor Mehrbach. The letter is written on small letterhead.

A stampless letter written by Charles Henry Haswell in Cold Spring, New York, to Hendricks & Brothers in New York City on April 5, 1841. The letter discusses the need for copper bolts for the boilers of the USS Missouri, then under construction. The cover shows a manuscript postmark and is addressed to 'Mess Hendricks & Bros New York'.

One-page letter written by David Gratz in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 1, 1853, to James Allport in Morris Township, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses Mr. Jones's debt, the economic climate, and the health situation in Philadelphia, specifically addressing rumors of yellow fever. The letter features a "PHILADELPHIA PA./5cts" cds postmark and a "BLOOD'S/DESPATCH" handstamp.

This letter book contains correspondence from Tobias I. Tobias, written in New York City between August 8, 1816, and March 12, 1817. The letters detail his business dealings in the import and export of watches, gold chains, furs, cloth, and other goods with various business partners in London and New York City. The volume also includes personal letters and family matters.

A commercial letter written by Merew & Greenall in Helena, Nova Scotia, Canada, to Tobias I in London, England, on October 31, 1815. The letter discusses a shipment and appears to be related to cordage transactions. It is a single page from a copy book.

A single-page letter written by S. Greaves in Sheffield, England, on October 31, 1815, concerning an order for cutlery. The letter is part of a larger copy book. The cover of the book is blue paper with "August 2 1815" written in ink. This letter is ¼ of a page.

A collection of ten impression copies of letters on tissue paper, dating from August to December 1815. The letters, mostly addressed to Simpson Samuell, were written from London. The cover is blue paper with "August 2 1815" written in ink. According to *Baillie's Watchmakers & Clockmakers of the World*, Simpson Samuell worked in Liverpool from 1811 to 1820. Found loose in Letter Book 20.1430T; listed in the seller's inventory as #3, with 38 additional leaves.

A group of five impression copies of letters on tissue paper, difficult to read. All letters were written from New York City by Tobias I. Tobias in 1816-1817. The letters are loose and were found within Letter Book 20.1430T. The cover of Letter Book 20.1430T is blue paper with "August 2, 1815" written in ink. The seller's inventory lists this as item #3, indicating the presence of 38 additional leaves. This item was found in the collection with the cross reference 20.1434T.

A stampless, three-quarter page commercial letter from Martin, Atterbury & Co. in Manchester to Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, dated January 1, 1846. The letter pertains to vestings and patterns.

A three-page letter dated January 28, 1846, from Edmund Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his cousin Henry Tobias, also in Liverpool. The letter details Henry's significant overdraft problems, discusses potential solutions, and suggests alternative banking arrangements. The letter is stamped.

A stamped letter, one and one-quarter pages in length, written by S. I. Thornton in Manchester to Henry Tobias in Liverpool on February 25, 1846. The letter concerns fabric and patterns and includes a sample of cloth with a lot number.

A one-page commercial letter dated February 9, 1847, written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans. The letter details commercial activities between their firms, including sales accounts of U.S. Staff swords, watches, and transactions with Hyde & Goodrich. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before moving to New Orleans in 1842. The letter is part of a larger collection purchased on January 7, 2013.

A three-quarter page, stampless letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 17, 1850. The letter discusses a shipment of flags and clocks. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and he appears to have remained there until 1853.

One-quarter page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on January 17, 1850. The letter serves as an introduction to B.W. Plumb, who is in New Orleans with jewelry. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, NJ before moving to New Orleans in 1842, remaining there until at least 1853. He is known to have purchased much of his silver from New Jersey and New York producers.

One-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 9, 1851. Baldwin details the severe financial troubles faced by Baldwin & Co. The letter provides insight into the business dealings and economic conditions of the mid-19th century.

Two-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 15, 1851. The letter discusses the poor financial state of Baldwin & Co., details regarding store space, and items to be shipped. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey before moving to New Orleans in 1842. He appears to have remained in New Orleans until 1853, purchasing much of his silver from New Jersey and New York producers.

A one and one-half page stampless letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 22, 1851. The letter discusses the poor financial state of Baldwin & Co. and an agreement to communicate via telegraph every Saturday. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey before relocating to New Orleans in 1842, and apparently remained there until 1853.

Two-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 22, 1851. The letter details Baldwin & Co.'s continued poor financial state, Baldwin's commitment to fulfilling his obligations, and mentions the fire at the Hotel St. Charles. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin, and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before relocating to New Orleans in 1842 and remaining there until at least 1853.

Two and a half page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 27, 1851. The letter details items to be shipped to Tobias. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey before moving to New Orleans in 1842. He appears to have remained in New Orleans until 1853, purchasing much of his silver from producers in New Jersey and New York.

A three-quarter page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 29, 1851. The letter briefly mentions a bill of lading. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before moving to New Orleans in 1842, where he remained until at least 1853, purchasing silver from New Jersey and New York producers.

One-half page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 30, 1851. The letter briefly discusses contract negotiations. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before moving to New Orleans in 1842. He appears to have remained in New Orleans until 1853, acquiring much of his silver from producers in New Jersey and New York.

One and one-half page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on February 5, 1851. The letter discusses contract negotiations and Baldwin's upcoming visit to New Orleans with his sister Mary, requesting assistance with arrangements. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and appears to have remained there until 1853.

A one-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in Charleston, South Carolina, to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana, on March 11, 1851. Baldwin discusses a visit to New Orleans with his sister Mary, his travels to New York City after visiting Cuba, and requests that Tobias hold a $1,000 note for two months. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and appears to have remained there until 1853.

A one-page commercial letter written by Horstmann Bros. & Co. in New York, New York, to Horace E. Baldwin & Co. in New Orleans, Louisiana, on March 17, 1851. The letter discusses overdue payments and broken promises.

One and one-quarter page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on March 20, 1851. The letter discusses Baldwin's financial difficulties and impending creditors.

Two-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on March 24, 1851. Baldwin discusses his poor health, financial difficulties, debts totaling $59,866.27, and negotiations with creditors. He mentions plans to visit New Orleans in May. An attachment lists his debts in detail.

Two-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on March 27, 1851. The letter primarily concerns a product shipment from Baldwin to Tobias. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before relocating to New Orleans in 1842, and appears to have remained there until 1853, sourcing much of his silver from New Jersey and New York.

One-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on March 31, 1851. The letter primarily concerns business accounts and includes a note about "balls for pistols."

One-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on April 2, 1851. The letter primarily discusses business accounts and mentions Baldwin's illness (headaches and a severe cold). Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and remained there until at least 1853.

Two-page letter from Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, dated April 5, 1851. Baldwin discusses his illness, a capital investment in their business, and Masonic affairs. The letter indicates Charles Tobias had a financial stake in the New Orleans firm H.E. Baldwin & Co.

A one-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on April 12, 1851. Baldwin describes his ongoing illness (headaches and a severe cold), and discusses financial matters related to notes with Tiffany.

Three and a half page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on April 18, 1851. Baldwin details his continued illness, his absence from the office, and presses for a third-party capital infusion. The letter also discusses accounts. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, NJ, before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and remained there until at least 1853.

A half-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on April 29, 1851. Baldwin describes his ongoing illness (headaches and a severe cold), his absence from the office, and discusses bills of lading. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, NJ, before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and he remained there until at least 1853.

A two-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 6, 1851. Baldwin discusses his health, his move from a medical practice in Newark to one in New York City, and the need to reach a new agreement with Tobias. He suggests Tobias visit New Orleans.

Autograph letter signed by Horace E. Baldwin, written in New York City on May 10, 1851, to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana. Baldwin discusses his health, business prospects, and travel plans. The letter provides insights into business conditions and personal matters in mid-19th century America.

A one and one-half page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 17, 1851. Baldwin discusses his health, travel plans, and merchandise. He mentions his previous partnership with Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before relocating to New Orleans in 1842.

A half-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 21, 1851. Baldwin discusses his upcoming departure for New Orleans on May 26 and mentions a note that is due. He was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and remained there until at least 1853.

A one-and-a-quarter page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 24, 1851. Baldwin discusses the delay of a ship sailing to New Orleans and his meeting with H. Hendricks regarding a delay on notes.

A one and one-quarter page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 24, 1851. Baldwin discusses the delay of a ship sailing to New Orleans and his meeting with H. Hendricks regarding a delay in payments.

A brief one-eighth page telegram sent from Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans via the Washington & New Orleans Telegraph Company on January 30, 1851. The message reflects typical concise communication style of telegrams. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, NJ before moving to New Orleans in 1842, where he remained until at least 1853.

A half-page letter written by Wickliffe E. Baldwin in New York City on July 27, 1851 (possibly 1852) to Charles Tobias in New Orleans. Baldwin writes on behalf of his brother Horace, thanking Tobias for a kind note and informing him that the business is now under Baldwin's control. Horace E. Baldwin & Co. was previously known as Taylor, Baldwin and Co., based in Newark, NJ, before relocating to New Orleans in 1842. Baldwin appears to have remained in New Orleans until 1853.

One-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in Newark, New Jersey to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on June 28, 1852. Baldwin discusses his unexpected early return from Europe due to his inability to focus on anything but business. The letter also notes that Baldwin died within five months of writing this letter.

A one and one-half page letter written by Wickliffe E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on November 13, 1852. Baldwin discusses closing business in New Orleans, mentions the death of someone named Horace, and refers to Adams as collectors regarding accounts and collecting bad debts.

A 2 1/4-page letter written by A. E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on November 19, 1852. The letter discusses business matters, including orders, silver, a notice of dissolution, and general business notes, suggesting financial difficulties for the Baldwin firm.

One-page letter written by Wickliffe E. Baldwin in Newark, New Jersey to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on January 7, 1853. The letter discusses insurance renewals.

One-page letter written by Wickliffe E. Baldwin in Newark, New Jersey, to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 8, 1853. The letter discusses questions regarding an invoice for guns and the estate of H.E.B.

Two-page letter written by Wickliffe E. Baldwin in Newark, New Jersey, to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 10, 1853. The letter discusses plans for dissolving a business.

A two and three-quarter page letter (4.5" x 8") written by Thomas Ward in London, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on April 9, 1852. The letter primarily discusses business matters, including hose, bitters, and sardines, and also contains some personal gossip.

A one-page letter (4.5" x 8") written by L. J. Sylvester in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Tobias I. Tobias on December 1, 1852. The letter concerns an order for a chest of black tea to be delivered via Adams.

Three-page autograph letter written by Clement Hooverman in London, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York on November 18, 1853. The letter discusses wine and appears to be a reintroduction between the two correspondents. The letter measures 7 7/8" x 4".

A 2 1/2-page letter written by Tobias J. Tobias in New York City on December 14, 1853, to Clement Hooverman in London. The letter expresses happiness about Hooverman's upcoming trip to New York, congratulates him on his engagement, and discusses opportunities in the American wine business.

One-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London, England, on June 22, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter provides an update on a shipment in progress, including details.

A one-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London, England on June 29, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter provides an update on a shipment in progress, including details.

One-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London on July 6, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter confirms an order and requests insurance.

A one-and-a-half-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London, England on December 23, 1859, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter quotes prices for wine.

A three-quarter page letter (5" x 8") written by R. Jackson in Geneva, Switzerland to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on September 2, 1860. The letter concerns business matters involving George E. Stone, although specifics are not detailed.

A two-page letter, with a portion cut out, from J. C. Levy in Charleston, South Carolina, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, dated around March 29, 1840. The letter contains personal and business matters and shows an early Charleston postal mark. J. C. Levy may be Jacob Clarisse Levy (1788-1875).

A half-page letter from Edward Pollock of New York City to Tobias I. Tobias, circa 1820, detailing a business dispute. The letter suggests a prior business disagreement between the two men.

A highly charged half-page letter from Tobias I. Tobias to Edward Pollock, likely written in New York City circa 1820. The letter details a business dispute and strongly admonishes Pollock against repeating his actions.

A one and a half page letter, likely written circa 1840, containing business instructions. The letter, possibly from Fred Tobias (London) to Henry Tobias in New York City, details the purchase of 200 bushels of apples and the collection of a debt. It also mentions Charles Tobias leaving the city. The letter's content suggests commercial activities within the food industry and trade.

Letter book containing 290 letters of commercial correspondence, primarily between Tobias & Co. and David Judah, spanning from May 21, 1825, to September 10, 1830. The letters detail Jewish mercantile activities in Richmond, Virginia, and include information about David Judah's bankruptcy in 1827 and his subsequent move to Baltimore. The book also includes copies of letters written by David Judah to Tobias & Co., newspaper clippings on tariffs circa 1825, and correspondence with other Jewish merchants such as Levy & Solomon, Block & Co., J.B. Seixas, and Louis Gomez. The earliest commercial document from David Judah in the Tobias Archive is dated June 9, 1821. An advertisement for a Jewish-owned business in Richmond, featuring David Judah, Edward Pollack, and Tobias I. Tobias, is included from the *Richmond Enquirer* dated July 5, 1822. The book has red pasteboard covers and 168 pages. Acquired January 7, 2013.

A two-page letter from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to John Lamb in London, England, dated December 5, 1825. The letter discusses the sending of goods to a house in Richmond.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope from the dry goods and notions firm Goldbarth & Strauss, located at 236 Kanawha Street in Charleston, West Virginia, to Henry C. Wysor in Dublin, Virginia. The letter is dated July 5, 1889. The contents of the letter are not specified in the provided metadata.

Advertising envelope from R. Vogel & Bro. wholesale clothing store in Keokuk, Iowa, addressed to B.M. Jacobs in Tucson, Arizona Territory. The envelope features an advertisement for the business located at 66 Main Street, Keokuk, Iowa. The date is estimated to be circa the 1870s, a period when Keokuk had a significant Jewish population.

An envelope addressed to C. H. Basedon. The envelope features the return address of Bamberger, Bloom & Co., a wholesale dry goods firm in Louisville, Kentucky. The envelope dates from circa 1870s. The firm was located in Louisville, Kentucky with ties to Tell City, Indiana.

A letter dated June 4, 1847, from Solomon L. Jacobs in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Jacobs, Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter is written in German and features a "NEW ORLEANS/La." postmark and a "10" rate handstamp. The letter is folded and unstamped.

A commercial letter written on April 29, 1885, on the billhead of D. Newman & Son, located at 14 & 16 Market Street, Wilmington, North Carolina. The letter mentions David Newman in New York City and Martin Newman in Wilmington, North Carolina. The letter is addressed to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. Established in 1857.

A letter written by Moses Gans to H. Blakely & Son in Erie, Pennsylvania on February 25, 1882. The letter pertains to household furniture and reflects Gans's involvement in Jewish affairs. The letter is written in English.

Commercial letter from Henry Levy & Son, importers of fancy goods located at 122 & 124 Duane Street, New York, New York, to A. W. Eckel in Charleston, South Carolina, dated February 1, 1878. The letter contains commercial content.

A letter dated October 25, 1848, from L. Elias (per P.S. Jacobs) in Columbia, South Carolina, to Jacobs & Meyer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses a request for Torah portion books ("Parasha books") and a discrepancy in a prior merchandise bill. The letter also mentions business dealings and financial matters.

Three-page business letter dated November 4, 1830, from Mordecai Myers in Petersburg, Virginia, to Matthew Maury in New York, New York. The letter details cotton purchases Myers made on Maury's account, totaling approximately $12,000 (equivalent to approximately $300,000 in 2017).

Commercial letter written and signed by Aaron Lopez in Leicester, Massachusetts, on December 31, 1779, to Phillip Savage. The letter expresses an apology for a previous error. Lopez died in an accident on May 28, 1782.

A single-page commercial letter dated January 27, 1857, from M. B. Isaacs in Barbados to Messrs. McGilvery & Co. in Portland, Maine. The letter discusses market prices and the availability of various goods, including lumber and fish. It's signed by M.B. Isaacs, with a notation that it was written by his clerk, John T. Potter.

Business letter dated July 5, 1884, from Joseph Libmann & Co. in New York, New York, to Crane & Co. in Dalton, Massachusetts. The letter, written on elaborate letterhead, discusses a paper order. Crane & Co. made notes on the letter indicating the order was filled.

A one-page letter (front and back) written by C. H. Meussdorffer in Portland, Oregon on August 18, 1876, to J. C. M. & Bro. in San Francisco, California. The letter primarily concerns business matters, including drafts and payments, with a brief mention of the writer enlarging his house.

A stampless letter dated August 17, 1850, from J. B. Butler & Son in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York. The letter concerns a request for details on copper roofing, specifying a quantity of 420 square feet. The letter includes an orange circular date stamp and a truncated "5".

A letter dated February 28, 1842, from David I. Cohen to Elie Beatty, cashier of the Hagerstown Bank in Hagerstown, Maryland. The letter discusses an exchange of bank notes, with Cohen acknowledging receipt of $100 in Williamsport and Westminster Bank bills in exchange for bills on the Hagerstown Bank. This is the only correspondence in the collection by David I. Cohen, who was the brother of Jacob I. Cohen Jr. and died at age 47.

A letter written by John M. Cauley to Harmon Hendricks on November 8, 1806, discussing the price of copper in Bristol and its impact on anticipated orders. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York. It is the earliest correspondence to Harmon Hendricks within the collection, indicating prior business dealings between the two individuals.

Two-page letter written by A. Engle in New Orleans on October 6, 1857, to James Symington in New York. The letter discusses a business matter concerning a draft, banking transactions, and the potential loss of money. It reveals details about pre-Civil War business practices and anxieties related to banking solvency.

Telegraph message exchanged between Smith & Stearns and L. M. Jacobs & Co. regarding a wheat transaction. The message, dated December 8, 1876, originated in Phoenix, Arizona and was received in Tucson, Arizona. The content concerns the possibility of a 60-day delay in fulfilling the transaction. The document is a copy of the message received in Tucson.

One-page letter written by Israel Cohen, a Baltimore stockbroker, to D. Claude in Annapolis, Maryland, on October 19, 1857. The letter discusses Maryland stocks and a financial transaction. Cohen's stationery identifies him as a "Stock, Bill and Note Broker."

A one-page letter, approximately 7-3/4" x 9-5/8", dated April 11, 1832, from Henry Hays in Philadelphia to Seth Low & Co. in New York City. The letter, signed by Alexander Lipman on behalf of Hays, concerns the sale of rhubarb and inquires about other goods Seth Low & Co. might wish to sell.

Commercial letter written by Leo Stein of the Stein Manufacturing Company in Rochester, New York, to J.B. Judson on April 30, 1883. The letter inquires about paying a tax bill on 40 acres of land owned by Stein in Huron County, Michigan. The Stein Manufacturing Company produced cloth-covered caskets.

Commercial letter from Isaac Baker & J. Ostheimer, clothing manufacturers at 501, 503, & 505 State Street, Erie, Pennsylvania, to McKenney Bros. in North Liberty, Pennsylvania, dated May 31, 1889. The letter mentions the authors' roles as trustees of the Anshe Ciiesed Reform Congregation in Erie.

A one-page stampless letter dated January 10, 1844, from Elias P. Levy, writing on behalf of his partner Henry Cohen, to Henry Jessop in New York City. The letter concerns a bill for pens and expresses dissatisfaction with Jessop charging interest. The letter includes a red Philadelphia postmark and a handwritten '12-1/2' postage rate. The letter provides insight into the business practices of Henry Cohen & Co., a Philadelphia stationery firm.

A one-page commercial letter dated May 15, 1848, from Katzenberger, Straus & Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Jacobs, Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter details a complaint about a shipment of cloth that did not match the order, discussing the discrepancy in quality and markings.

A one-page commercial letter, dated October 15, 1830, from the firm Mordecai & Myers in Petersburg, Virginia, to Matthew Maury in Boston, Massachusetts. The letter discusses cotton shipments, market prices, and business arrangements. It was forwarded from New York City.

A one-page stampless letter dated August 10, 1847, from Samuel Hecht in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, to Jacob, Mayers & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Hecht encloses a payment of $20.00 on a note and requests the note be held until his next visit to Philadelphia. The letter bears a red "POTTSTOWN/Pa." postmark and a red "5" rate handstamp.

A letter dated December 10, 1817, from Samuel Pettigrew in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Caleb Taylor, a druggist in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pettigrew orders various drugs and encloses $200, utilizing a method to protect the money from theft during transit. The letter provides insight into the commercial transactions and security practices of the time.

A one-page letter, dated October 17, 1844, from Samuel Nathan Hart of Charleston, South Carolina to William Jessop & Sons in New York City. Hart encloses a check for payment on an invoice for steel from 1842 and explains the delay in payment. The letter features a Charleston, S.C. postmark and a red "25" rate handstamp.

Billhead from Bateman & Switzer, commission merchants and dealers in Kentucky whiskies, located at 201 West Main Street, Louisville, Kentucky. Dated June 10, 1891. The billhead is addressed to Nathan F. Block in Great Falls, Montana.

A commercial letter dated December 21, 1825, from Louis Gomez in Wilmington, North Carolina, to H. (Harmon) Hendricks in New York, New York. The letter discusses a draft of funds on T. I. Tobias & Co. and the difficulty of obtaining checks. The writer's signature is unclear, possibly Gomez or Jonas.

A commercial letter written by H. Liebenstein & Co., furniture manufacturers and dealers in Chicago, Illinois, to Hassey, Dahler & Co. in Virginia City, Montana Territory, on October 13, 1870. The letter pertains to the payment of a note. H. Liebenstein & Co. was located at 167 & 169 Randolph Street, Chicago.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by W. Hendricks Levy in Charleston, South Carolina, to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York, on February 12, 1843. The letter pertains to the purchase of copper coin.

A business letter written by Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia on October 17, 1845, to T. J. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses the sales of wine, including Port, Sherry, Brandy, and Madeira.

A business letter dated September 1851, written by Felix Kahn in Nashville, Tennessee, to L. Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter details an order for dry goods, including ginghams, tablecloths, spoons, razors, handkerchiefs, and stockings. Kahn requests prompt shipment and specifies the desired assortment and pricing. The letter provides insights into commercial transactions and the dry goods trade in the mid-19th century United States.

A four-page letter, dated 1775, detailing instructions for a whaling voyage to the Falkland Islands and off the coast of Brazil. Written by Aaron Lopez to Captain Thomas Folger, the letter provides navigational advice, warnings about encountering other ships, and hints at the abundance of whales in the targeted areas. The letter also reveals the extensive network of contacts Aaron Lopez maintained across various locations such as the Falkland Islands, the West Indies, Madeira, Lisbon, Gibraltar, Cadiz, and Barbados. This document originates from Newport, Rhode Island.

A two-page letter dated June 13, 1768, from Aaron Lopez, Jacob Rodrigues Rivera, Haye Z. Polock, and Nathaniel Hathaway in Newport, Rhode Island, to Captain Nathaniel Hathaway, master of the brigantine The Hope. The letter provides instructions for the delivery of cargo to Captain Joseph Dean in Surinam and outlines alternative procedures if sufficient molasses cannot be procured. The letter also hints at the far-reaching commercial network of Aaron Lopez.

A one-page manuscript letter dated October 15, 1857, from Cary Gratz, a merchant in St. Louis, Missouri, to J. M. McFarland in Chillicothe, Ohio. The letter discusses the effects of the Bank Panic of 1857 in St. Louis. Attached is a printed copy of the *Merchants’ Exchange Reporter and Prices Current*, St. Louis, Vol. 1, No. 37, Wednesday, October 14, 1857.

Broadside letter from M. Greenbaum & Co. to their creditors, dated July 4, 1874, announcing their inability to reach an agreement and informing them of pending lawsuits. The letter reflects the economic climate of the Panic of 1873 and its aftermath. The letter was sent from Chicago, Illinois, and concerns business dealings in both Chicago and Warren, Ohio.

Autograph letter signed by Moses Michael Hays written to Myer Polock on behalf of Michael Gratz. Dated December 18, 1770. Hays urges Polock to fulfill a promise to Gratz, offering incentives and suggesting assistance in "any matter Honorable & Just." The letter includes an autograph address panel on the verso. Written in New York and concerns matters related to Newport, Rhode Island.

Handwritten letter from Cauffman H. Meyer in San Francisco to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, dated August 10, 1862. The letter discusses the remittance of funds for Congregation Emanu-El and Meyer's plans to move to Carson City, Nevada, where he had invested in a business with A. Fleishhaecker. Meyer was Isaac Leeser's book and newspaper agent in San Francisco.

Letter dated July 26, 1867, from W. C. Lobenstein in Leavenworth, Kansas, to the Singer Manufacturing Company, ordering sewing accessories. The letter may have been extracted from a letter book.

A one-page business letter dated April 1, 1874, written by Adolph L. Sanger of the law firm Isaacs & Sanger. The letter is on the firm's letterhead, indicating their office location at 243 Broadway, Rooms 9 & 10, New York City. The letter also mentions Isaac A. Isaacs and R. B. Regensurger.

A two-and-a-quarter page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on September 3, 1823. The letter details sales, prices, and suggests the company has overcome financial difficulties. It mentions Mr. Abraham Sexias of New York City.

Three-page business letter from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, dated March 29, 1824. The letter details sales, prices, and mentions an inquiry from Mr. Gomez.

A one and three-quarter page business letter from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, dated April 27, 1824. The letter details business transactions, including debts and payments, mentioning a significant sum of $3,000 owed to Mr. Marx (approximately $80,000 in 2019).

Two-page business letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated January 27, 1824. The letter discusses business sales and includes personal details about family, supper, and drink. The letter shows damage.

Two-page business letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated October 1, 1824. The letter discusses business sales, personal matters, and includes a prayer request.

A one-page business letter dated October 2, 1824, from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York. The letter concerns funds and includes a draft for $3,000.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York on October 4, 1824. The letter discusses sales and funds. David Judah & Co., licensed as auctioneers on November 11, 1822, consisted of Judah, T. I. Tobias, and Edward Pollock. While information on David Judah is limited, sources indicate he was a leading member of the Richmond Synagogue and a merchant. He is also noted as an auctioneer who dealt in slaves. His last known letter in this collection dates to April 12, 1849.

A one-page, stampless business letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City, dated April 22, 1824. The letter discusses sales, finances, and the ill health of both the writer and recipient.

A half-page business letter written on December 27, 1825, from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York. The letter expresses dissatisfaction with a previous order, noting a discrepancy in the color of goods received.

A one-and-a-half-page stampless business letter written by David Judah of D. J. & Co. in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias of T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on October 28, 1825. The letter details the successful sale of various merchandise.

A one-page business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on October 27, 1825. The letter discusses the shipment of tea and stout and requests that Tobias & Co. cease business dealings with a certain Jones, deemed too difficult.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York on January 20, 1825. The letter discusses the shipment of tobacco and mentions a fur transaction involving Judah's uncle, Zelma Rehine. The letter provides insights into the business dealings of David Judah, a prominent Richmond merchant and early mentor to Isaac Leeser. It also alludes to the involvement of Marx & Son and W. B. & Co. in business activities related to Judah and Tobias.

A one-quarter page commercial letter sent from Whitwell Bond & Co. in Boston, Massachusetts to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on February 21, 1825. The letter forwards a remittance draft from David Judah & Co.

A three-quarter page letter written by David Judah of Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated December 7, 1826. The letter discusses business matters and a planned visit.

A one-page letter written by David Judah of D. J. & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias of T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City, dated May 4, 1826. The letter discusses the financial difficulties faced by the writer during the Panic of 1826.

A half-page letter dated January 27, 1829, from the Farmers Bank of Virginia in Richmond to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter addresses an inquiry about the debt owed by David Judah & Co. to the bank, indicating that the debt is small and being paid off. This correspondence is the last in the Tobias Collection referencing David Judah, whose firm dissolved in 1828, after which he moved to Baltimore.

A one-page stampless letter written by Michael I. Tobias in Liverpool, England to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated December 7, 1833. The letter declines an order from T.I. Tobias due to concerns about profitability and comments on the poor quality of apples previously received.

A 2 1/2 page letter written by Michael I. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his brother Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, on November 23, 1833. The letter details an evaluation of the cloth market and includes a personal reflection on age and experience.

A one and one-quarter page letter written by J. H. Riker of a prominent New York City law firm to Mayer Lehman on April 22, 1870, inquiring about the date of interest payment on a property Lehman was purchasing at 46th Street in New York City. The verso contains a response and signature from E. Asher Pearson, bond and mortgage clerk of the Equitable Life Assurance Co. Mayer Lehman (1830-1897) was a founder of Lehman Brothers.

Letter dated December 25, 1770, from the firm of Hays & Polock in Newport, Rhode Island, to the commander of the ship Rising Sun in New York City. The letter requests the delivery of 60 tons of logwood to Michael Gratz.

A business letter dated April 7, 1874, from N. Levy & Co., commission and forwarding merchants in Nevada and Idaho, to John Guthrie in Winnemucca, Nevada. The letter discusses prices and features a lithographed letterhead depicting boxes and barrels. N. Levy's San Francisco address (22 California St.) and M. Siegel's Winnemucca address are also listed.

A letter written by J. M. Newson to John Grace, Esq., on August 28, 1844, concerning business dealings with Carey & Hart. The letter was written from Muncy, Pennsylvania, and addressed to Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

A letter written by Simon Muhr on Pinto Leite & Nephews letterhead, introducing the firm to Mayer Sulzberger. The letter was written on June 26, 1880, and is addressed to Mayer Sulzberger. The letterhead indicates the company's address is 45 Moorgate Street, London, England.

Letter dated August 27, 1823, from an unknown sender (possibly Tobias I. Tobias) to David Judah concerning business affairs. The letter's origin is likely New York, New York, and its destination Richmond, Virginia. The letter's content pertains to mercantile business issues.

A commercial letter, likely written by Tobias I. Tobias to David Judah, discussing business affairs involving Edward Pollock & Co., David Judah & Co., and T. I. Tobias & Co. The letter was written from an unknown location, likely New York, to Richmond, Virginia, on April 1, 1823.

Letter from Richardson, Spence & Co., written on American Steamship Company of Philadelphia letterhead, to Mayer Sulzberger. The letter concerns steamship reservations for a trip Sulzberger is undertaking. The letter is dated July 19, 1880, and references addresses in Philadelphia, PA, and Liverpool, England.

A letter written on H. Muhr's Sons Manufacturing Jewelers and Watch Case Makers letterhead, addressed to Mayer Sulzberger in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 16, 1886. The sender's name is illegible.

A letter written by Mayer Sulzberger on May 26, 1886, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter pertains to business matters and mentions an address at 6th and Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA.

A letter written by J. H. & S. Riker of New York, New York, dated December 9, 1880, concerning the pursuit of money owed to Solomon Rich. The letter discusses the pursuit of a debt owed by an unidentified party to Solomon Rich.

A commercial letter sent from M. L. Samuel & Co. to Henry Cohen concerning a check. The letter, dated circa 1860s, references 42 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA. The sender's name is illegible.

A letter dated December 17, 1884, from J.C. Young to Eckman & Vetsburg, a wholesale dry goods and notions company located at 151 & 153 Congress Street in Savannah, Georgia. Young's letter expresses his interest in employment and mentions prior work experience with the company. The letterhead features a vignette of an office building and horse-drawn carriage. An additional address of 39 Worth Street, New York City is also listed. The letter is written on watermarked paper.

Commercial letter from Jelenko & Bro., a dry goods store in Charleston, West Virginia, to Thomas R. Brown. Dated August 8, 1884. The letter mentions a location on Front Street near Summer Street in Charleston, WV, and references business dealings possibly in Kentucky.

A one-page letter written by Benjamin Dores Lazarus in Charleston, South Carolina, on November 1, 1847, to S. Hutchins & Co. in Providence, Rhode Island. Lazarus requests the collection of money owed to his brother, Michael Lazarus, and instructions for remittance.

A stampless commercial letter written by E. J. Etting & Brothers of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 16, 1845, to an individual or business in Bridgewater, Massachusetts. The letter pertains to monies owed. E. J. Etting & Brothers were involved in iron rolling and nail manufacturing, and Mrs. E. J. Etting was listed among the initial subscribers to *The Occident* in 1843.

A letter written in French from A & M Heine in New Orleans, Louisiana to B. L. Fould & Fould Oppenheim in Paris, France, dated March 25, 1853. The letter details banking transactions.

A one-page letter (8 1/4 x 7 in.; 211 x 178 mm) written in New York on January 15, 1729/30, by William Bradford Jr. to Johann David Wolf. Bradford instructs Wolf to contact Mr. Abrah Sandford and Mr. Gomez in Barbados to inquire about rum shipment and the delivery of money in exchange for flower and bread. The letter contains a chart on the verso in an unidentified hand. The document is signed by William Bradford Jr. and shows some signs of age, including folds and pin-sized holes. Bradford was the grandson of William Bradford, the official printer of the First Continental Congress.

A one-page business letter written on letterhead from S. Schiffer & Nephews, wholesale grocers at 36 Vesey Street, New York City, to Robertson & Herndon in Tyler, Texas, on February 27, 1874. The letter concerns the collection of a bad debt. The letter is accompanied by its original postal cover.

A one-page manuscript letter, measuring 7 x 12.5 inches, written in Newport, Rhode Island on December 7, 1773. Aaron Lopez writes to Captain Brotherton Daggett, captain of the sloop *Two Brothers*, providing instructions for the disposal of cargo at Cape Fear, North Carolina, and the collection of a debt from Colonel William Dry. The letter includes specific instructions for negotiating payment for a promissory note and emphasizes the importance of securing payment. An additional manuscript note added at the lower left suggests a strategy for obtaining payment from Colonel Dry.

Envelope addressed to an unknown recipient from I. H. Goldsmith, a cigar manufacturer located at 1130 Washington Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The envelope is dated April 23, 1881, and includes an advertisement for Goldsmith's business. Goldsmith was active in Jewish affairs.

Commercial letter from Cowan & Co., a dry goods and notions business located at 36 & 37 Public Square in Nashville, Tennessee, to Robert Williams, dated September 7, 1882. The letter contains business-related content and indicates the company's involvement in Jewish affairs.

A commercial letter dated April 27, 1883, from Heidelbach, Friedlander & Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Robert Williams. The letter discusses business matters related to the clothing trade, mentioning Moses Heidelbach's presence in the New York City office. The letter is written in English.

A commercial letter dated March 16, 1881, sent from Lehman, Richman & Co. in Cleveland, Ohio to Hower Bros. in Burbank, Ohio. The letter discusses clothing and woolens. The letterhead indicates the business address as 86 & 88 Water Street, Cleveland, OH.

Commercial letter dated February 26, 1875, from Kalisky & Goldbarth, a general merchandise firm in Camden, South Carolina, to T. Moultrie Mordecai, a lawyer in Charleston, South Carolina. The letter concerns a debt and requests an extension of two weeks.

Commercial letter from James S. Howard in Jacksonville, Oregon to S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon, dated November 11, 1878. The letter discusses business matters.

Commercial letter from N. Levy & Co., general merchandise, in Winnemucca, Nevada, dated December 11, 1886. The letter discusses apples and indicates that the company's main office is located at 217 Battery Street, San Francisco.

A commercial letter dated September 25, 1880, from S. Strauss & Co., Bourbon & Rye Whiskey distillers and wholesalers in Charleston, West Virginia, to Ben Baer in Rheims, New York. The letter mentions warehouses in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Lawrenceburg, Kentucky; and Augusta County, Virginia.

A broadside printed in the form of a handwritten correspondence from S. Dessau, importer of diamonds and precious stones. Dated March 10, 1884, it announces the establishment of a branch house in New York City at Four Maiden Lane. The main office is listed as 15 Rue de Chateaudun, Paris. The broadside features a letter on the front page and an illustration on the back. The inside is blank.

A commercial letter dated May 24, 1890, from Rosenheim, Levis & Co., located at 523 & 525 Washington Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, to an unspecified recipient in Aurora, Missouri. The letterhead features a crown watermark and the company logo.

A two-page letter dated December 8, 1891, from Ulman Goldsborough Co. in Baltimore, Maryland, to Bateman & Switzer in Great Falls, Montana. The letter details an order for various types of whiskey, including Maryland Rye, Wilson Rye, and Wilson Bourbon, and discusses pricing discrepancies noted by their agent, Mr. Silberberg.

A business letter dated January 10, 1887, from Oberndorf & Allman in Selma, Alabama, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter discusses business matters and includes addresses for both companies: 1000 & 1002 Broad St., Selma, Alabama for Oberndorf & Allman.

Envelope addressed to Tobias Hendricks in Charleston, South Carolina, postmarked June 10, 1860. The envelope features a red handstamp advertisement for Mordecai & Co., steamship agents in Baltimore and Charleston. The envelope contains no internal contents.

Two-page autograph letter signed by William Trent to Joseph Simons, dated April 7, 1783, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses business matters related to land sales and the Indiana Company, urging Simons to attend a meeting. Trent also sends compliments to Mrs. Simons.

A commercial letter dated October 9, 1845, from William Wilson & Sons in Baltimore, Maryland, to Hendricks & Bros. in New York, New York. The letter discusses a copper order. The letter is a stampless folded letter postmarked 10/9/1845 with a 5-cent rate from Baltimore, MD to New York, NY.

Commercial letter written on the letterhead of the Helena and Frisco Mining Company in Gem, Idaho, on November 23, 1891. The letter mentions A. J. Seligman as Secretary-Treasurer and Director. The letter's content pertains to business matters.

A letter dated June 19, 1878, from the tobacco merchants Wise & Bendheim, located at 121 Bowery, New York City, to Dickson & White. The letter concerns a bank deposit and mentions the firm's predecessors, M. M. Welzhofer.

Commercial letter on a billhead from G.B. Lichtenberg, a tobacco merchant, to J.W. Loomis. The letter, dated August 5, 1872, features a lithograph of Lichtenberg's factory/office building (dated 1865) located at 189 Pearl Street, New York City. The letter also lists additional addresses: 64, 66 & 68 Congress Street, Detroit, Michigan.

A business letter from the banking house of Henry Greenebaum & Co., located at the southwest corner of Lake and La Salle Streets in Chicago, Illinois, dated April 6, 1875. The letter provides insight into the operations of a prominent Chicago banking firm during the 19th century.

A letter written on the letterhead of Maas & Bro. in Cochran, Georgia, dated September 17, 1878, addressed to [Carhart and Curd]. The letter pertains to business matters. Abe and Isaac Maas, who later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store in Tampa, Florida, started their retail careers in Cochran, Georgia with their brothers, Jacob and Sol.

A letter written on the letterhead of Maas & Bro. (Jake and Solomon Maas), dated January 29, 1877. The letterhead indicates a Macon store, though the letter's salutation and content reference Cochran, Georgia. This correspondence provides insight into the early business operations of the Maas brothers, who later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store in Tampa, Florida.

A handwritten business letter dated May 16, 1885, from Maas & Bro. (Jacob and Solomon Maas) in Cochran, Georgia, to [Campbell & Vansyckie] in Macon, Georgia. The letter provides insights into the operations of a general store in rural Georgia during the late 19th century. The letter is part of a larger collection documenting the early business activities of the Maas family, who later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store chain in Tampa, Florida.

Letter written on the letterhead of Maas & Bro. in Cochran, Georgia, dated June 8, 1878, addressed to [Carhart and Curd] in Macon, Georgia. The letter discusses business matters. Abe and Isaac Maas, who started their retail career in Cochran, Georgia, with their brothers Jacob and Sol, later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store in Tampa, Florida.

A business letter written on the letterhead of Maas & Brother, a retail firm in Cochran, Georgia, dated July 15, 1877. The letter was sent to [Carhart and Curd] in Macon, Georgia. The letter reflects the business activities of Maas & Brother, offering insights into the retail trade in 19th-century Georgia.

A letter written on the letterhead of Maas & Bro., a general store in Cochran, Georgia, dated November 4, 1878. The letterhead features a lithograph of the store without the brothers' names. The letter was sent to [Carhart and Curd] in Macon, Georgia. Abe and Isaac Maas, who later founded the Maas Brothers department store chain in Tampa, Florida, started their retail careers in Cochran, Georgia, with their brothers Jacob and Sol.

A handwritten business letter dated April 16, 1881, from Maas & Bro. (Jake and Solomon Maas) in Cochran, Georgia, to [Carhart and Curd]. The letter discusses business matters; additional details are not available. This letter is part of a larger collection documenting the early business activities of the Maas brothers, who later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store in Tampa, Florida.

Handwritten business letter dated May 19, 1885, from Maas & Bro. (Jake and Solomon Maas) in Cochran, Georgia, to [Campbell & Vansyckie] in Macon, Georgia. The letter is in poor condition. The Maas brothers, Jacob and Solomon, were early Jewish merchants who later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store in Tampa, Florida.

A handwritten business letter dated May 25, 1885, from Maas & Bro. (Jake and Solomon Maas) in Cochran, Georgia, to [Campbell & Vansyckie]. The letter reflects the business activities of Maas & Bro., who later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store in Tampa, Florida. The letter is in poor condition.

A business letter written on the letterhead of Arthur Lewin & Co., Commission Merchants & Mfg. Agents, located at 18 & 20 Battery St., San Francisco, California. Dated October 11, 1886, the letter addresses the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. concerning dissatisfaction expressed by Kahn Bros. regarding a received towel order. The letter measures 8 x 10 inches and is written on both sides.

A stampless business letter dated February 13, 1845, from Abraham Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses business matters, including a reference to a $500 check and mentions a delay in mail delivery. Abraham Tobias was a prominent Charleston merchant and civic leader.

A one-page stampless commercial letter sent from Tillinghast & Holroyd in Providence, Rhode Island, to Aaron Lopez in Newport, Rhode Island, on October 10, 1772. The letter bears a manuscript "Bo" postmark and a 2dwt (pennyweight) rate marking. The letter contains detailed commercial information.

Postcard from the Paris office of Kohn, Adler & Co. announcing the shipment of pattern bonnets and novelties to their Philadelphia house for an opening on September 6, 1887. The postcard mentions the shipment of 'Pattern Bonnets and Novelties' to their Philadelphia House.

A half-page business letter written by Marcuse Bros. to J. W. Brown, Esq. on March 29, 1865, in Marysville, California. The letter acknowledges receipt of a payment and expresses hope for future business. It includes a 2-cent revenue stamp.

A letter dated March 27, 1823, from Tobias I. Tobias to David Judah concerning a business matter. The letter was written in New York, and mentions Richmond, Virginia.

A letter from the J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to their attorney, Jonathan S. Ferguson, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, dated February 6, 1879. The letter concerns a legal dispute regarding a billiard table purchase and lists Moses Bensinger as a principal. This letter is part of a larger archive documenting a legal contest over a billiard table purchase from 1875-1879. The archive contains letters, shipping documents, and promissory notes.

A letter from the J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to their attorney, Jno. S. Ferguson, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, dated February 22, 1879. The letter concerns a legal dispute regarding a billiard table purchase, mentioning Moses Bensinger as a principal. This letter is part of a larger archive documenting a legally contested purchase of a billiard table from the Brunswick & Balke Company between 1875 and 1879. The archive also includes other forms and letters detailing the financial dispute.

A business letter written by H. H. DeLeon, a broker in Charleston, South Carolina, to Annie Lena Wannamaker on April 26, 1880. The letter appears to be a receipt or communication related to financial transactions. The letterhead indicates that H. H. DeLeon conducted business in bonds, stocks, coupons, and real estate. A note on the letter indicates the business was closed on Saturdays.

A letter dated June 27, 1877, from R. (Ralph) Jacobs of Jacobs Bros. & Co., located at 3 & 5 North Front Street in Portland, Oregon, to S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon. The letter discusses placing a bid at a Grange auction, aiming for a good price without setting the market. Jacobs Bros. & Co. are identified as agents for (and owners of) the Oregon City Woolen Mills.

Postal return confirmation slip documenting a transaction between L. H. Hershfield & Bro. in Helena, Montana, and the Merchants Bank of Canada in Montreal, dated June 27, 1881. The document shows the confirmation of the return of a postal item.

A one-page letter dated September 3, 1770, from Captain Daniel Cornell to Aaron Lopez in Newport, Rhode Island. Cornell describes the progress of his mercantile voyage to Quebec, Canada, mentioning difficulties with bad weather and necessary repairs to his ship's sails. The letter contains an indirect comment possibly alluding to a slave shipment ('will strive as fast as possible considering our Interest'). A postscript requests updates on his wife's and Mr. Gardner's son's well-being.

A letter dated May 14, 1880, written on the letterhead of Code, Elfelt & Co., a San Francisco-based manufacturer of pickles and hermetically sealed goods. The letter was sent to S. R. Buford & Co. in Virginia City, Montana. The verso of the letter includes a detailed product broadside. The letter arrived with a damaged transmittal cover.

Collection of business correspondence related to the firms Wm. Ronsheim & Bros., Levy & Ronsheim, and Reynolds & Frank, operating in Cincinnati and Delaware, Ohio, between 1847 and 1879. The materials include letters and an advertising envelope for boys' clothing. One letter is dated November 26, 1879, and mentions an address at 70 West Pearl Street, Cincinnati.

A one-page letter written by Moses Michael Hays in New York City to Michael Gratz in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on December 12, 1768. Hays discusses the dispatch of a vessel to Georgia, plans to remit bills of credit, and complains about the irregular postal service. The letter includes a New York postmark and bishop's mark on the verso.

Autograph letter signed from Moses Michael Hays to Michael Gratz, dated June 1769. Hays congratulates Gratz on his marriage. The letter includes an integral address leaf with a New York postmark and a bishop's mark. Written on one page, 4to. The letter reflects the business relationship between Hays and Gratz and provides insight into their personal lives.

Autograph letter signed by Moses Michael Hays, addressed to Michael Gratz. Dated January 20, 1768. Hays discusses business matters, specifically the sale of sugar and leather, and mentions drawing a bill of exchange for $500. The letter is written on one page, with the address panel on the verso showing a New York postmark and bishop's mark. The letter's content reflects Hays's mercantile activities. In 1775, Hays famously refused to sign a declaration of loyalty to the American colonies due to a phrase about Christian faith, demonstrating his commitment to the principle of equality for all men. He later signed a revised version without the religious clause.

Stampless letter from Edward Johnson Etting in Philadelphia to Reuben B. Valentine in Baltimore, dated April 2, 1829. The letter discusses the iron market, specifically rod and bar iron prices, and the challenges of selling iron. It also includes personal and family greetings. The cover is postmarked "PHIL 2 APR" and addressed to "Mr. Reuben B. Valentine Now at Baltimore."

A single-page letter written on January 8, 1779, in Hartford, Connecticut, by Josiah Blakeley to Aaron Lopez. This letter, the second in a series of fourteen, discusses commercial matters. The collection contains correspondence between Blakeley and Lopez (or Joseph Lopez), and Caleb Bull, all merchants in Hartford, spanning from June 21, 1779, to October 1, 1781. The letters address business dealings, including the supply of goods like rum, ostrich plumes, flour, and fish, and the challenges posed by the currency crisis of 1779. The letters reveal the instability of Continental currency and its impact on trade. The physical condition of the letters shows signs of age, including staining, edge wear, toning, creasing, and water damage affecting legibility.

A single-page letter dated January 24, 1779, written by Josiah Blakeley in Hartford, Connecticut, to Joseph (Moses) Lopez. The letter contains commercial content and personal regards to Mr. & Mrs. Mendes and Mr. & Mrs. Riviera. This letter is one of fourteen in a collection spanning June 21, 1779 to October 1, 1781, detailing trade between Blakeley and either Aaron Lopez or Joseph Lopez. The correspondence discusses business transactions, including the supply of rum, ostrich plumes, and other imported goods, alongside the challenges of the Continental currency crisis. The letters show the impact of the currency crisis and unstable financial climate of the time on business dealings between merchants. The physical condition of the letters is noted as stained, edge-worn, toned, creased, and with some illegible portions due to moisture damage.

A one-page letter written on November 8, 1779, in Hartford, Connecticut, by Josiah Blakeley to Joseph (Moses) Lopez. The letter discusses the evacuation of Newport, Rhode Island by British forces, concerns for Joseph's brother, and difficulties with currency conversion during the American Revolution. It also mentions the transmission of funds via Mr. Reveria and details commercial transactions involving the exchange of goods such as rum, ostrich plumes, flour, and fish. This letter is one of fourteen in a collection spanning June 21, 1779, to October 1, 1781, documenting trade between Blakeley and the Lopez brothers, highlighting the challenges presented by the unstable Continental currency during the war. The letters show the impact of the Currency Crisis of 1779 on commercial activities and the difficulties in conducting business transactions.

A one-page letter, part of a fourteen-letter collection (9 of 14), dated September 10, 1781. Written in Hartford, Connecticut, by Caleb Bull to Aaron Lopez. The letter discusses legal matters concerning a case with Elsworth and general business issues, including product orders and the complexities of the Continental currency. The collection spans June 21, 1779, to October 1, 1781, and details trade between Bull and Lopez, encompassing goods such as rum, ostrich plumes, flour, and fish. The letters show the impact of the Currency Crisis of 1779 on their trade. The letters are physically worn with stains, edge wear, toning, creasing, and some illegible portions due to moisture damage.

A single-page letter, the eleventh of fourteen, written on April 16, 1781, in Hartford, Connecticut, by Caleb Bull to Aaron Lopez. The letter details general business matters concerning the sale of Lopez's goods, specifically rum and dry goods, on his account. This collection comprises fourteen letters dated between June 21, 1779, and October 1, 1781, covering trade conducted by or with Aaron Lopez or Joseph Lopez, and merchants Caleb Bull (1746-1797) and Josiah Blakeley of Hartford. The letters discuss business affairs and the challenges presented by the currency crisis of the time. The letters are stained, edge-worn, toned, and creased. Portions of several letters written by Bull are illegible due to water damage. The letters also discuss the use of Continental currency and the economic hardships during the American Revolution.

A single-page letter written on May 15, 1781, in Hartford, Connecticut, by Caleb Bull to Aaron Lopez. This is letter 12 of a 14-letter collection spanning June 21, 1779 to October 1, 1781. The letters detail business transactions between Bull and Lopez, focusing on trade in goods like rum, ostrich plumes, flour, and fish, and the challenges posed by the unstable Continental currency. The letter discusses the state of salmon fishing, Lopez's recent return from Newport, and the types of payment Lopez would accept. The letter displays signs of age and wear, including staining, edge wear, toning, creasing, and some illegible sections due to water damage.

Letter dated March 29, 1889, on the letterhead of Mayer, Levy & Co., Cotton Factors & Commission Merchants, Vicksburg, Mississippi. The letter pertains to a payment due on an account. The letterhead mentions numerous branch offices in Mississippi, including Lexington and Mayersville.

Letter dated May 24, 1890, from Ferdinand Levy, Deputy Collector at the New York City Custom House, to George Randorf in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter concerns baggage belonging to Benjamin Chercosky, detained in the Empire Warehouse Company's General Orders Stores after his arrival from Brazil on April 15th aboard the S.S. Advance. The letter is written on official letterhead.

Handwritten letter from J. Silberman in Apollo, Pennsylvania to L. Meyers & Co., likely in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated December 6, 1852, the letter encloses a payment of $271.80 for goods received and instructs that the goods be sent to A. Fink in Pittsburgh for forwarding to Silberman. This suggests Silberman may have operated a store or peddled goods in Apollo.

Autograph letter signed by Solomon Mayer written in German to L. Mayer, likely in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on December 4, 1851. The letter is commercial in nature. It was written in Savannah, Georgia.

Billhead from Leseritz and Weinberg, located at 58 Mill Street, Rochester, New York, dated November 12, 1881. The billhead indicates an order from Montana for goods from the Flower City Suspender Company. This item is a commercial record reflecting business transactions between firms in New York and Montana.

A letter dated April 20, 1854, from Francis Frank Mandelbaum and P. H. Bruckman, partners in a Sacramento cigar shop, to Adolph Sutro, a tobacco trader in San Francisco (and future mayor). The letter expresses dissatisfaction with Sutro's delayed correspondence and includes a detailed order for various tobacco products, matches, and pipes.

A two-page handwritten letter from Leon Salomon to "Friend Graffe" dated November 15, 1864, in Virginia City, Nevada. The letter discusses Salomon's financial difficulties, mentions several prominent citizens of Aurora, Nevada (a nearby mining town), and alludes to rumors circulating in San Francisco. The letter is written on lined laid paper with a "Pacific Mills" blind stamp.

Letterhead of Julius Basinski, Bozeman, Montana Territory, dated July 12, 1880. This commercial letter mentions a branch office in Miles City, Montana Territory.

Signed letter from Paul Hamilton, Secretary of the Navy under President James Madison and former Governor of South Carolina, to Simon Gratz & Co. remitting a payment of $2,000. The letter is written in the hand of an aide and signed by Hamilton. Hamilton served as the third Secretary of the Navy during the opening months of the War of 1812 (which began June 6, 1812). Simon and Hyman Gratz were prominent Philadelphia businessmen involved in trade, real estate, and insurance. Dated January 8, 1811.

A letter dated December 5, 1828, from the commission merchants Mayer & Lohman in Philadelphia to Frederick Konig in Baltimore, Maryland. The letter conveys an update on the arrival of Konig's relatives from New York and mentions the improved health of L.M. (likely Lewis Mayer). The letter was privately carried to Baltimore and postmarked there on December 6th. The letter's content provides insight into the personal and business affairs of the correspondents.

Stampless folded letter mailed from Demopolis, Alabama to B. Cohen in Mobile, Alabama on October 25, 1849. The letter, written in German with some English phrases, discusses business matters, including a bill of lading and commission, and mentions Goldsmith, Forcheimer & Co., Mobile wholesale grocers. Mendelein Manuel Forcheimer (1826-1912), born in Bavaria, was likely associated with the firm. This letter is an example of early Judaica correspondence from Demopolis, Alabama, a city with a growing Jewish community that played a significant role in local commerce by the 1850s. The letter is marked with a red DEMOPOLIS/Ala. postmark and a red "5" in a circle rate handstamp. The letter's content suggests commercial activity typical of the period.

A letter from Semon Bache & Co., located at 134-140 Duane Street, New York City, to Ithaca, New York, dated March 15, 1876. The letter concerns French and German looking glass plates. The company, established in 1857, is mentioned in the letter.

A business letter dated May 22, 1884, written on the letterhead of Greenebaum & Straus, stockbrokers located at 232 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California. Addressed to L. B. Frankel in Gold Hill, Nevada, the letter pertains to a stock purchase. The letter suggests that Frankel was involved in a legal matter in 1870/71 related to an official bond.

A one-page letter dated December 20, 1849, from S. (Sigmund) Redelsheimer of Fort Wayne, Indiana, to L. Mayer, a Jewish wholesaler at 215 1/2 Market Street, Philadelphia. Redelsheimer requests Mayer to extend credit of up to $100 (equivalent to $3,528.52 in 2021) to his cousin, L. Redelsheimer, for merchandise. He assures Mayer that he will be responsible for the debt. If Mayer lacks the necessary goods, Redelsheimer asks him to guide his cousin to a suitable supplier. The letter highlights the close business relationships within the Jewish community in early America and suggests that L. Redelsheimer likely operated a small peddling business. Biographical information on Sigmund Redelsheimer, a prominent figure in the Fort Wayne Jewish community, is included in the archival description.

A business letter dated March 20, 1872, written by Simon Cohn of Coffee Run, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, on the letterhead of J. M. Hedding & Co., a general merchandise business. The letter's content is unknown.

A commercial letter written by Bernhard Mayer of New York City to W & B Douglass on June 11, 1862. The letter is printed on Mayer's letterhead, indicating his business as a manufacturer of varnishes and japans. The letterhead lists his address as 80 Beekman Street, New York City. Established in 1846, Mayer's firm is later listed with partners Siefred Mayer and Leopold Lowenstein in 1876.

Letterhead of Cahn & Schoenfeld, Wholesale Wines, Liquors, and Cigars, dated December 10, 1884, from Miles City, Montana Territory. The letter is addressed to the Auditor in Helena, Montana Territory. It encloses two certificates for wolf skins and requests payment for them.

This archival object is a commercial letter on the letterhead of Koenigsberger, Falk & Co., Cigar Manufacturers, located at 119 Pine Street, San Francisco, California. The letter, dated April 24, 1891, is signed by Loewenberg. Other names appearing on the letterhead include Koenigsberger, P., Falk, Solomon, Weiler, A. I., and Steinberger, A. I. The letter mentions an office in Key West, Florida.

Three-part commercial correspondence regarding the purchase of plate glass from Fleishman (S.) & Cohn (M) at 60 Liberty Street, New York, New York, dated January 31, 1859. The correspondence includes an envelope with their advertisement on the back, a promissory note to Fleishman (S.) & Cohn (M), and a letter from the same firm.

A letter written on Pinto Leite & Nephews letterhead, introducing Mayer Sulzberger. The letter was sent from an illegible sender to an illegible recipient in London, England on June 26, 1880.

An envelope addressed to H. & C. Tobias in New York, NY from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, dated August 18, 1841. The envelope contains a partially written draft of a letter declining an invitation.

A commercial letter dated May 26, 1884, from Feigenbaum & Co., importers at 520-526 Market Street, San Francisco, to Henry Hall & Son & Co. at 21-25 Sutter Street, San Francisco. The letter requests an order for various unspecified items. The letter is written on Feigenbaum & Co.'s letterhead.