Subject: 19th Century Business Practices

A highly charged half-page letter from Tobias I. Tobias to Edward Pollock, likely written in New York City circa 1820. The letter details a business dispute and strongly admonishes Pollock against repeating his actions.

Autograph letter signed by Solomon Mayer written in German to L. Mayer, likely in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on December 4, 1851. The letter is commercial in nature. It was written in Savannah, Georgia.

A commercial letter dated August 31, 1886, from Michael & Neiman, a dry goods, groceries, clothing, boots and shoes, hardware, railroad ties, and lumber business in New Washington, Pennsylvania, to A. E. Patton. The letter, written in broken English, is a billing statement.

A business letter from A. Anhalt & Co., located at 4 Nicks Street in Elmira, New York, dated January 5, 1881. The letter discusses a problematic account. A. Anhalt, a Jewish merchant, was the overseer of the poor in Elmira. The letter is signed by an unknown individual, ? Schwartz, and addressed to A. N. Switzer. The company dealt in raw furs, wool, hides, pelts, calf skins, tallow, and beeswax.

A one-page business letter written by A. J. Latz in St. Louis, Missouri, to Lazarus Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 10, 1850. Latz explains his financial difficulties, heavy losses, and slow collections, stating his inability to continue business and assuring Mayer of his intentions to pay his creditors.

A one-page, stampless business letter written on May 1, 1849, from Alexander & Lowman of Cincinnati, Ohio, to Jacobs & Mayers (or Jacob & Meyer) Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter pertains to business dealings between the two firms.

A commercial letter written by Isidore Bush & Co. of St. Louis, Missouri, to C. D. Champlin in Hammondsport, New York, on March 30, 1872. The letter discusses the company's lithographic services and is indicative of business practices of the time. The letterhead features the company's address and details.

A one-page business letter written in English and German from J.B. Jacobs & Co. to Jacobs Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on October 30, 1846. The letter discusses business matters. Related correspondence exists (see 20.512 & 20.518).

A business letter written by Joseph Schlesinger, successor to L. Heineman, from Bradford, Pennsylvania to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Rheims, New York on May 4, 1880. The letter, written on company letterhead, discusses business matters.

One-page business letter dated February 6, 1884, from L. Frank & Sons in Zanesville, Ohio, to J. Machetauz & Bro. in Matamoras, Ohio. The letter concerns hides, furs, pelts, tallow, rags, and metals. The letterhead features a lithograph or image of a warehouse. Additional information notes L. Frank's burial in Muskingum County, Ohio, at Beth Abraham Jewish Cemetery, and that Julius Frank, a son, died in 1912 and served as a Temple trustee.

A one and three-quarter page letter written in German from M. Mayer to Jacobs & Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 15, 1849. The letter discusses business matters and was written from Franklin, Mississippi. M. Mayer died of yellow fever in Grand Gulf in 1853.

One-page business letter written on the letterhead of Nathan Levi & Co., located at the corner of Mill and Market Streets in Rochester, New York. Dated September 10, 1877, the letter was sent to C. G. Sigood in Wellsboro, Pennsylvania. The letterhead indicates that Nathan Levi & Co. were dealers in clothing, engaged in manufacturing and wholesale business. Additional names, Levi, Nathan | Lichtenstein, Rudoph | Rothschild, Bernard, are listed on the letter.

A business letter dated October 14, 1871, from Seliger & Newman, located at 18 Hanover Street, Baltimore, Maryland, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. in New York, New York. The letter includes a check.

Check for $200.00 payable to Albert Levy, dated September 13, 1852, issued by Albert Bell & Son in Coshocton, Ohio. The check features a vignette of a woman and bears endorsements from both Levy and L. Heidenheimer on the reverse.

Collection of five 19th-century saloon drink tickets, each measuring approximately 2 1/4 x 1 1/4 inches. The tickets, good for 4-5 cents worth of drinks, belonged to J. Neach's Bar, Wm. J. Scharff, David Cohen & Co., E. Davis, and an unidentified saloon. Saloon owners distributed these tickets to canal boat crews. The tickets are from a printer's album dating to the 1870s from the Canajoharie, NY area. The tickets show discoloration and staining; some show printer's notes on quantity and price. The collection reflects the commercial practices of the time and the social habits of canal boat workers in upstate New York.

A one-page commercial letter written by Horstmann Bros. & Co. in New York, New York, to Horace E. Baldwin & Co. in New Orleans, Louisiana, on March 17, 1851. The letter discusses overdue payments and broken promises.

A commercial letter from S. Frankenstein & Son, located in Calverton Stock Yards, Baltimore, Maryland, dated August 12, 1886. The letter is enclosed in an envelope with advertising. The letterhead is visible. The envelope is green with ornate corner details.

A commercial letter sent from Bridge, Rayburn & Co. in St. Louis, Missouri to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York, on January 1, 1831. The letter, sent via the ship Huntsville, concerns an invoice for copper.

A piece of thin paper used as currency for advertising purposes by Mrs. I. Oppenheimer's millinery shop in Lincoln, Nebraska. The item dates from January 1, 1874.

An envelope addressed to Ira Leo Bamberger at 291 Broadway, New York, New York, dated January 21, 1889. The envelope displays advertising for T.C. Millard & Co., suggesting a potential business connection. The return address indicates Danbury, Connecticut.

An envelope addressed to H. J. Miller in New York, New York, postmarked December 29, 1885. The return address is rubber-stamped: Kaufman & Co., 303 Washington St., New York, New York. The envelope displays advertising for Kaufman & Co., suggesting a commercial transaction or correspondence.

An invoice and envelope documenting a transaction between Crofut, Knapp & Solmans of New York, New York and J. C. Meussdorffer & Bro of San Francisco, California on April 26, 1873. The invoice, written on the envelope, details a charge for four cases at $414.50. The envelope is addressed from New York, New York to San Francisco, California.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope, dated August 29, 1887. The letter, written on P. H. Rosenstock & Co. Boots and Shoes letterhead, was sent by M. H. Livingston of Portland, Oregon (acting as an agent for P. H. Rosenstock & Co. in San Francisco), to W. L. Wade, a shoe dealer in North Salem, Oregon. The letter's original destination of San Francisco was crossed out, and 'Sprague, W.T.' (Washington Territory) was written instead. The letterhead measures 5 7/8" x 9 3/8", and the envelope measures 3 1/2" x 6 1/4". The envelope bears an 1887 Sprague postmark.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The letter, dated June 6, 1862, was sent from Israel & Sons in Baltimore, Maryland to John G. McMurray & Co. in Lansingburgh, New York. The letter requests the forwarding of a mortgage. The envelope features early advertising and a stamp. The envelope also mentions the Steam Brush Factory.

A one-page, stampless letter written in German from A. Cahn in Grenada, Mississippi, to Jacobs Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on April 8, 1848. The letter discusses business matters and references a draft on Gans & Shoneman in Philadelphia. Similar correspondence can be found in files 20.512 and 20.517.

A 2 1/4-page letter written by A. E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on November 19, 1852. The letter discusses business matters, including orders, silver, a notice of dissolution, and general business notes, suggesting financial difficulties for the Baldwin firm.

Two-page letter written by A. Engle in New Orleans on October 6, 1857, to James Symington in New York. The letter discusses a business matter concerning a draft, banking transactions, and the potential loss of money. It reveals details about pre-Civil War business practices and anxieties related to banking solvency.

A single-page business letter written by Jewish merchant Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia on October 20, 1845, to I. T. Tobias, a New York merchant. Minis discusses slow business, anticipates increased activity, and requests Tobias's attention to consignments, specifically regarding the import of champagne.

A one-page stampless letter, dated March 7, 1848, from Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia to T. I. Tobias in New York City. Minis discusses unsatisfactory sales of goods, particularly wine, explaining discrepancies in quantities and attributing them to absorption during shipment. He apologizes for the poor results and includes his current prices.

This letter, dated November 9, 1846, was written by Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses wine and Minis' refusal of special credit terms.

A business letter written by Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia on October 17, 1845, to T. J. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses the sales of wine, including Port, Sherry, Brandy, and Madeira.

Two-page business letter from Abraham Tobias & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated October 8, 1836. The letter details business matters including a wine shipment, the cholera epidemic, cloth materials, and a draft on books. It concludes with a note from D. C. Levy expressing gratitude for hospitality in New York City.

A three-page letter, plus a page of cross-hatch markings, from Charles Tobias in Holyhead, England, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City, dated May 7, 1841. Charles details his sea voyage to Liverpool, his health, and his sister Sophie's improved health. A significant portion of the letter discusses business matters, including the financial troubles of Elias Mosley and advice for Henry regarding bills of exchange.

A 1 1/2 page letter written by Charles Tobias in Huddersfield, England, on May 17, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details Charles's difficulties finding suitable goods for resale, his planned itinerary for sourcing goods, and updates on Sophie's improved health and stay at Rock Ferry.

A three-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City on August 17, 1841. The letter discusses Charles's recovery from an operation, business matters concerning braid and silk, and indicates a misunderstanding between the two brothers regarding business practices, specifically the sending of invoices and instructions.

Three-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England on June 17, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter primarily discusses business matters, including orders for jewelry, silk, velvet, and knives placed in Paris on June 11, 1841. It also includes personal details expressing concern over Henry's spending habits and his emotional state.

This archival item consists of a letter dated November 30, 1876, from D. Doppelmayer, a dealer in dry goods and general merchandise in Marshall, Texas, to the law firm Robertson & Herndon in Tyler, Texas. The letter includes a $100.00 retainer for a lawsuit. An accompanying envelope, postmarked in Marshall, Texas, is also included. The envelope is undated. The letter provides insight into business practices and legal proceedings in 19th-century Texas. Note that D. Doppelmayer was later President of Adath Israel Synagogue in Marshall, Texas when it was formed in 1887.

A half-page business letter written on December 27, 1825, from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York. The letter expresses dissatisfaction with a previous order, noting a discrepancy in the color of goods received.

Three-page business letter from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, dated March 29, 1824. The letter details sales, prices, and mentions an inquiry from Mr. Gomez.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York on January 20, 1825. The letter discusses the shipment of tobacco and mentions a fur transaction involving Judah's uncle, Zelma Rehine. The letter provides insights into the business dealings of David Judah, a prominent Richmond merchant and early mentor to Isaac Leeser. It also alludes to the involvement of Marx & Son and W. B. & Co. in business activities related to Judah and Tobias.

A two-and-a-quarter page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on September 3, 1823. The letter details sales, prices, and suggests the company has overcome financial difficulties. It mentions Mr. Abraham Sexias of New York City.

A three-quarter page letter written by David Judah of Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated December 7, 1826. The letter discusses business matters and a planned visit.

A one-and-a-half-page stampless business letter written by David Judah of D. J. & Co. in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias of T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on October 28, 1825. The letter details the successful sale of various merchandise.

A two-page letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on December 16, 1823. The letter details business matters, including the state of the business climate, the availability of Irish whiskey, and difficulties fulfilling customer orders.

A half-page letter from Edward Pollock of New York City to Tobias I. Tobias, circa 1820, detailing a business dispute. The letter suggests a prior business disagreement between the two men.

A one-page stampless letter dated January 10, 1844, from Elias P. Levy, writing on behalf of his partner Henry Cohen, to Henry Jessop in New York City. The letter concerns a bill for pens and expresses dissatisfaction with Jessop charging interest. The letter includes a red Philadelphia postmark and a handwritten '12-1/2' postage rate. The letter provides insight into the business practices of Henry Cohen & Co., a Philadelphia stationery firm.

A business letter, spanning one and one-quarter pages, written by F. H. Woolf in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Henry Tobias in New York City, New York on June 23, 1838. The letter details business transactions between the two correspondents.

This letter, dated November 6, 1883, is from David B. Falk and I. M. Falk of Falk, Hirsch & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina, to I. W. Hirsch. It details the amicable dissolution of the firm Falk, Hirsch & Co. The letter is on illustrated letterhead and is signed by both Falks. The letterhead indicates the business was located at 291 King St., Charleston, S.C., and closed on Saturdays.

Letter from G. H. Thompson to Benheim Bros. & Co. in Savannah, Georgia, dated October 6, 1884. The letter, contained within an envelope with advertising for Benheim Bros. & Co. as "Sole Agents for Lorillard & Co.", concerns a sight draft. The invoice for the sight draft is enclosed within the letter.

Commercial letter on a billhead from G.B. Lichtenberg, a tobacco merchant, to J.W. Loomis. The letter, dated August 5, 1872, features a lithograph of Lichtenberg's factory/office building (dated 1865) located at 189 Pearl Street, New York City. The letter also lists additional addresses: 64, 66 & 68 Congress Street, Detroit, Michigan.

A business letter written on May 26, 1890, by H. M. Selig, a stationer and printer in Savannah, Georgia, to A. W. Grooms in Jacksonville, Florida. Selig offers Grooms employment at a salary of $18.00 per week. The letter is contained within an envelope featuring advertising for Selig's business.

A commercial letter from Hecht Bros. & Co. in San Francisco, California, to Frank Litsch in Shasta, California, dated November 18, 1881. The letter discusses a sale of "Buckingham & Hecht...Hercules" (a boot, depicted in a lithograph on the letterhead). The letterhead also includes the address and logo of Hecht Bros. & Co. at 25 & 27 Sansome Street, San Francisco. A damaged cover and return envelope are included with the letter.

A business letter from Henry Bischoff & Co., located at 199 East Bay, Charleston, South Carolina, dated March 7, 1881. The letter details an agreement to loan R. Grieters a horse, baking cart, and harness for his business. The letter is approximately 8 1/2 by 11 inches and features an illustrated letterhead featuring Carolina Rice.

A one-page letter, approximately 7-3/4" x 9-5/8", dated April 11, 1832, from Henry Hays in Philadelphia to Seth Low & Co. in New York City. The letter, signed by Alexander Lipman on behalf of Hays, concerns the sale of rhubarb and inquires about other goods Seth Low & Co. might wish to sell.

A two-and-a-half-page letter dated January 27-28, 1834, from Henry Hays in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Seth Low & Co. in New York City. Hays details his financial troubles, promising to repay debts and outlining a plan for settling his accounts with creditors. The letter reflects the business practices and financial anxieties of the time.

A business letter dated April 26, 1884, from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Co. in Hammondsport, New York. The letter discusses business matters between the two companies.

A two-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Barnsley, England, on November 21, 1839, to his brother Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter details a business plan to address financial difficulties, discusses a failed business venture ('Pasell's'), and expresses concern about a relative ('Cousin Fred').

A three-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Kidderminster, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City on November 28, 1841. The letter discusses business matters, including a new product (elastic hair cord), sales of Sheffield cutlery, and advertising for a machinist. Henry mentions upcoming travel to London and Paris.

A 2 1/2 page letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England, on December 3, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses general business matters, including cloth and buttons, and the health and affairs of Asher Tobias, who is planning a trip to America. Henry seeks assistance from Uriah Hendrick regarding Asher's financial matters.

Four-page letter from Henry Tobias in Paris to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated December 26 and 31, 1841. The letter details Henry's business trip, including invoices and a request for funds due to unexpected expenses.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Paris, France on December 22, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses vestments purchases and financial considerations for a potential business venture between the Tobias family and another party, requiring a 50% capital contribution from M.I. Tobias & Co.

Two-page letter dated July 9, 1846, from Herman Cohen in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Hellman & Cohen at 51 Dauphin Street, Mobile, Alabama. The letter discusses business matters, including outstanding debts and cash sales, with some details written in code. The letter also contains a personal postscript discussing Cohen's bathing habits. The letter includes references to several other Jewish merchants.

A commercial letter dated November 24, 1881, from Hirsch, Feibleman & Co., wholesale grocers and importers of fine wines and liquors in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Rheims, New York. The letterhead features large, colored lettering.

One-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 9, 1851. Baldwin details the severe financial troubles faced by Baldwin & Co. The letter provides insight into the business dealings and economic conditions of the mid-19th century.

A business letter from I. Hamburger & Co. in New York, New York, to H. Finn in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated June 14, 1878. The letter discusses various outstanding accounts and money owed. The letterhead shows the address 151 Water Street, New York.

A hand-carried, stampless letter written by Ira Ballou in Manchester, New Hampshire on July 10, 1840, addressed to J. McDaniel in Concord, Nova Scotia. The letter discusses Ballou's agency for E.W. Capron & Co., selling Persian Pills and David's Jew (Hebrew) Plaster, and requests a supply of the plaster.

A one-and-a-half-page stampless letter written in German from Isaac Mayer to Lazarus Mayer, care of Jacobs & Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated March 22, 1848, the letter discusses business matters, specifically mentioning spools and steel. Related correspondence includes items 20.512, 20.518, and others detailing communications among Jewish merchants and Jacobs & Mayer. A later notation on the letter suggests a date of March 29, 1849.

A one-page business letter from J. M. Silberberg to the Honorable Thomas Bur in Bucyrus, Ohio, dated July 29, 1882. The letter expresses gratitude for favors received and mentions leasing a store. The letter is written on the letterhead of G. Silberberg, Valparaiso, Indiana. An accompanying undated envelope is also included, addressed to Thomas Bur in Bucyrus, Ohio, from G. Silberberg.

Handwritten letter from J. Silberman in Apollo, Pennsylvania to L. Meyers & Co., likely in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated December 6, 1852, the letter encloses a payment of $271.80 for goods received and instructs that the goods be sent to A. Fink in Pittsburgh for forwarding to Silberman. This suggests Silberman may have operated a store or peddled goods in Apollo.

A business letter written by John H. Riker to Louis Taussig & Co. on October 11, 1880, concerning a property with family history. The letter features a striking lithographed letterhead depicting kegs of whiskey, advertising the company's locations at 21 & 23 Lower Market, Covington, KY, and 303 Battery St. & 9 Delaney St., New York, NY.

A commercial letter dated February 9, 1885, from Levy, Loeb, Scheuer & Co. in New Orleans, Louisiana, requesting cloth from the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbia, Georgia. The letter is written on Levy, Loeb, Scheuer & Co.'s letterhead, indicating their business address as 82 Canal Street, New Orleans.

Commercial letter dated October 12, 1876, from Louis Rosenbaum, a general merchandise dealer in Las Cruces, New Mexico, to L. M. Jacobs & Co. in Tucson, Arizona. Rosenbaum inquires about the whereabouts of Narcisco Pino.

A letter written in broken English from M. Elfenbein in Buffalo, New York, to the Urbana Wine Company on April 28, 1884. The letter concerns the business of empty bottles.

A letter written by Max B. Goldenberg on Schultz Letterhead to Charles Ilfeld concerning an order of merchandise. Dated January 29, 1883. The letter's content pertains to mercantile business dealings. Geographic locations associated with the individuals involved suggest connections to New Mexico and possibly elsewhere in the Southwest.

A letter written by Mayer Sternberger of the firm M. & S. Sternberger in New York, New York, on June 14, 1884. The letter concerns a property for sale and includes a telephone number (317 Spring). The letterhead features a distinctive lithograph design.

Two-page letter dated September 14, 1893, from Morris J. Sideman of Sideman, Lachman & Co. in San Francisco, California, relating to a debt owed by Asher Marks of Roseburg, Oregon. The letterhead features a large cigar illustration. A notation mentions that Roseburg was founded by a Jewish butcher in 1851.

A letter written on March 18, 1873, from Moses Bernhard to Einstein concerning the transfer of a title. The letterhead indicates the address of Einstein & Bernhard as 413 Broadway, corner of Lispenard Street, New York, New York. The subject of the letter pertains to mercantile affairs.

A letter written by Moses Bernhard to John H. S. Riker on March 18, 1873, in New York, New York, concerning a title transfer. The letter is printed on Einstein & Bernhard letterhead, indicating a business connection between the parties.

A one-page stampless business letter from N. Hart in London, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated November 28, 1822. The letter discusses accounts and mentions Tobias's illness (gout).

Stampless letter, one and one-quarter pages, from N. Hart in London to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, dated September 11, 1823. The letter is an angry demand for payment of an outstanding debt.

Two-page letter from N. Mears, formerly of Jerusalem, residing in Peckham, Surrey, London, to Michael I. Tobias, a watchmaker in Liverpool, England, dated March 14, 1823. Mears details a debt owed by Tobias related to a watch case draft that was dishonored due to the bankruptcy of a third party, Rosenberg. Mears discusses previous attempts to collect payment, including a visit to Tobias in New York City by an associate, and indicates that if payment is not made, he will pursue legal action.

A commercial letter dated January 16, 1880, from Ordenstein & Co., a San Francisco cigar and tobacco company, to Henry Elling in Virginia City, Montana Territory. The letter, written on company letterhead, measures 7 7/8" x 9 7/8".

A business letter dated December 28, 1873, from S. Leebes & Co. in Salt Lake City, Utah, to M. B. Edinger and Grau A. Carter in Fort Bridger, Wyoming. The letter confirms the delivery of merchandise from the company's San Francisco store.

A commercial letter sent by S. N. Scott to Julius Saul in Troy, New York on April 17, 1880. The letter is contained within an envelope with advertising and numerous trade cards.

Commercial letter from S. Rosenbaum & Sons, a Louisville, Kentucky mercantile firm, to Radger & Cunningham, dated July 31, 1882. The letter is on the letterhead of S. Rosenbaum & Sons, located at 227 Sixth Street between Main and Market Streets in Louisville.

A one-page business letter written on letterhead from S. Schiffer & Nephews, wholesale grocers at 36 Vesey Street, New York City, to Robertson & Herndon in Tyler, Texas, on February 27, 1874. The letter concerns the collection of a bad debt. The letter is accompanied by its original postal cover.

A letter dated December 10, 1817, from Samuel Pettigrew in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Caleb Taylor, a druggist in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pettigrew orders various drugs and encloses $200, utilizing a method to protect the money from theft during transit. The letter provides insight into the commercial transactions and security practices of the time.

A business letter dated February 14, 1891, sent from Simon & Kohn in New Orleans, Louisiana to J. Z. Hearst in Richmond, Alabama. The letter, written in English, is accompanied by an envelope. The letterhead features a corner address for Simon & Kohn at the corner of Magazine and Canal Street in New Orleans, and the envelope shows a good quality lithograph.

A letter written by Simon Greenbaum to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, dated February 28, 1882. The letter discusses business matters and was likely sent from Chicago, Illinois.

A commercial letter written by Solomon Gans of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to J. S. & C. Wright & Co. of New York, New York, dated October 4, 1871. The letter pertains to Gans's wholesale clothing business located at 409 Market Street, Philadelphia.

Commercial letter from Strauss & Isaacs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Jacobs, Myer & Co. in Louisville, Kentucky, dated March 16, 1848. The letter discusses business matters between the two firms.

A two and three-quarter page letter (4.5" x 8") written by Thomas Ward in London, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on April 9, 1852. The letter primarily discusses business matters, including hose, bitters, and sardines, and also contains some personal gossip.

A two-and-a-half page letter from Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to his brother, Mike Tobias (likely in England), dated January 24 and February 1, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the high prices of French brandy due to the possibility of war and suggests purchasing Pope Brandy instead. A later portion discusses clover seed purchases by Cohen in Baltimore for Rothschild and advises on selling due to oversupply.

A two-page letter dated December 8, 1891, from Ulman Goldsborough Co. in Baltimore, Maryland, to Bateman & Switzer in Great Falls, Montana. The letter details an order for various types of whiskey, including Maryland Rye, Wilson Rye, and Wilson Bourbon, and discusses pricing discrepancies noted by their agent, Mr. Silberberg.

A handwritten letter from W. M. Baumgarten, dated April 13, 1885, on letterhead for his Baltimore-based rubber stamp manufacturing business. The letter pertains to payment for a rubber stamp pad and includes a request for payment or the return of the pad using enclosed stamps. The letterhead features an engraved seal and indicates the business's address as 76 Second Street, Baltimore, Maryland. The letter also mentions the recipient returned the pads on 4/13/1885.

One-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London on July 6, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter confirms an order and requests insurance.

A letter written on Pinto Leite & Nephews letterhead, introducing Mayer Sulzberger. The letter was sent from an illegible sender to an illegible recipient in London, England on June 26, 1880.

A letter of recommendation written by Cyrus Mantz of Frederick, Maryland, on May 27, 1850, to Jacob I. Cohen, Jr., president of the Baltimore Fire Insurance Company, concerning David Schlasinger, a Jewish merchant residing in Frederick. Mantz attests to Schlasinger's character and business standing.

Letter on a billhead from Samuel Westheimer to Andrew Maichal & Co. in Walkerville, Montana, dated April 23, 1891. The letter, originating from St. Joseph, Missouri, notes that "NO BUSINESS TRANSACTED ON SATURDAY." The note "NOTED ON 20.14" and a reference to "MILK GLASS LIQUOR BOTTLES BY SAME DEALER IN COLLECTION" are also included. The letter is described as having good graphics. The item is part of the 'E' Collection in Archives Manuscript 56, Box 14, Folder 8.

Postcard from the Paris office of Kohn, Adler & Co. announcing the shipment of pattern bonnets and novelties to their Philadelphia house for an opening on September 6, 1887. The postcard mentions the shipment of 'Pattern Bonnets and Novelties' to their Philadelphia House.

Printed broadside letter from S. Leebes & Co. announcing a sales call by M. B. Edinger in San Francisco, California, dated January 1, 1876. The letter also mentions a store in Salt Lake City.

A receipt documenting a purchase made by T. J. Tobias & Co. from George Phelps in New York City on November 29, 1825. The receipt measures 8" x 2.5". It is part of a larger collection of financial records related to Jewish merchants.

Folded card printed on four sides. The card stock advertisement features an open walnut and text reading "SMALL EXPENSES + SMALL PROFITS = LARGE SALES." Inside, a photograph depicts a woman in a suit. The advertisement offers an item at $7.375 each, less 2% net 10 days. Published in New York, New York, circa 1885.

A single-page stampless letter and cover combination mailed from Montgomery, Alabama to B. Cohen in Mobile, Alabama on November 14, 1846. The faded cover displays readable postal markings. The letter, written in German by M. Englander, is of a commercial nature, requesting 39 yards of carpet to be sent via steamship. A second note, also in German and signed by D.B., is present on the same page. Englander's connection to Isaac Lesser, a trustee of the original Montgomery Temple, is noted in related correspondence.

Sepia-toned trade card depicting two elves seated at a desk. The address '207 Main Street' is prominently displayed, along with the text 'CUSTOM WORK A SPECIALTY'. The card is estimated to be from circa 1885. This item is part of the collection Arc.MS.56, Volume 17, Page 41.

This undated letter, written by Nathan A. Cohen to Eliza M. Anderson, discusses a business proposal for Cohen's son. The letter was written from Charleston, South Carolina, and discusses business dealings in Washington, D.C. The letter is stampless and is dated November 10, 1850, based on internal evidence.