Subject: Trade

Invoice from Joseph A. Dreyfous, a wholesale grocer and commission merchant, located at 261 Washington Street, New York. Dated March 10, 1862. The bill is for goods purchased by A. Smith & Son and includes a list of items, prices, and quantities. It features a typical billhead layout with a clearly defined header, body, and footer.

This billhead from M. S. Grinbaum & Co., Commission Merchants, based in San Francisco, California, records a transaction on May 17, 1886. The document indicates that Wadhams & Elliott bought 50 bags of rice for a total of 231.25. The billhead prominently displays the company's name and business type (Importers and Commission Merchants) at the top, along with their San Francisco address at 124 California Street and an additional note about their Honolulu, Hawaii, operations. The date is stamped in red.

A broadside printed in the form of a handwritten correspondence from S. Dessau, importer of diamonds and precious stones. Dated March 10, 1884, it announces the establishment of a branch house in New York City at Four Maiden Lane. The main office is listed as 15 Rue de Chateaudun, Paris. The broadside features a letter on the front page and an illustration on the back. The inside is blank.

One-page business letter dated February 6, 1884, from L. Frank & Sons in Zanesville, Ohio, to J. Machetauz & Bro. in Matamoras, Ohio. The letter concerns hides, furs, pelts, tallow, rags, and metals. The letterhead features a lithograph or image of a warehouse. Additional information notes L. Frank's burial in Muskingum County, Ohio, at Beth Abraham Jewish Cemetery, and that Julius Frank, a son, died in 1912 and served as a Temple trustee.

This is a 1725 map of Saint-Domingue (modern-day Haiti) by Guillaume De L'Isle. It is one of the earliest known maps to show L'Anise de Juif, Haiti, a likely early trading settlement. The map is part of a collection that ranges in date from 1725 to 1858. The map is based on, but not a rote copy of, Amédée-François Frézier's 1722 Isle de S. Domingue et débouquemens circonvoisins. The description includes historical context regarding Jewish emigration to Haiti following French colonization in 1633, their involvement in the sugar plantations, and their subsequent expulsion in 1683 due to the Code Noir. Despite the expulsion, some Jews remained in leadership positions within French trading companies. A 1745 Buache edition of this map also exists, noting "Buache ...1745" in the lower right corner. This earlier map does not have this notation.

This document is a pre-printed certificate, issued in New Orleans on January 12, 1865, by Sigmund Loeb, a merchant. It certifies that the goods belonging to H. Frank can be transported, serving as a guarantee that the items are accurately represented on accompanying invoices. The certificate also includes a loyalty oath to the United States, affirming no aid or comfort has been given to the rebellion. The item is printed in orange and features three affixed US revenue stamps.

A handwritten letter from Alexander Levinsky of Oglethorpe, Georgia, to Carhart & Roff in Macon, Georgia, dated September 23, 1854. The letter concerns an incorrect order where pepper sauce was sent instead of peppermint, which Levinsky had intended for his bar. He notes that he will keep the pepper sauce as he can dispose of it to the hotel, and requests that one dozen peppermint be sent. The body of the letter is in a different hand than the signature of Alexander Levinsky. A postscript mentions, "You can send it by the bearer of this Boy Mortimer belonging to Col Osborn," indicating the use of an enslaved individual for delivery. The back of the letter is addressed to "Mefs Carhart & Roff Macon Ga" and also notes "by Boy Mortimer."

A handwritten letter from D.C. Seixas in Charleston, SC, to C.P. Relf & Co. in Philadelphia, PA, dated October 31, 1846. The letter discusses the consignment and sale of 27 bales of upland cotton, requesting C.P. Relf & Co. to dispose of the lot if a profit of $1.00 per bale can be achieved. It also mentions a previous draft of $800 and the need for insurance for $1850. The second page details the charges associated with the cotton shipment, including wharfage, drayage, storage, cooperage, and commissions, totaling $112.84 against a cotton value of $1011.01. The document is a stampless letter, folded for mailing, with visible "Wilmington & Raleigh Railroad" and "10" postmarks/stamps on the exterior. The text is in neat cursive handwriting.

A single-page letter written by Caleb Bull of Hartford, Connecticut, to Aaron Lopez on September 22, 1781. The letter details general business matters concerning rum and dry goods orders, with Bull acting as a seller on Lopez's account. This letter is one of fourteen in a collection spanning June 21, 1779, to October 1, 1781, documenting the mercantile trade between Bull and Lopez, addressing business issues and the complexities of the Continental currency. The letters discuss trade in goods like rum, ostrich plumes, flour, and fish and the challenges of fluctuating currency values. The collection's physical condition shows signs of age, including staining, edge wear, toning, creasing, and some illegibility due to moisture damage. The letter provides insight into the economic challenges of the American Revolutionary period, particularly the depreciation of Continental currency and its impact on trade.

A one-page commercial letter dated February 9, 1847, written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans. The letter details commercial activities between their firms, including sales accounts of U.S. Staff swords, watches, and transactions with Hyde & Goodrich. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before moving to New Orleans in 1842. The letter is part of a larger collection purchased on January 7, 2013.

A one-page letter written on June 21, 1779, in Hartford, Connecticut, by Josiah Blakeley to Joseph (Moses) Lopez. This letter, one of fourteen in a collection spanning June 21, 1779, to October 1, 1781, discusses commercial matters. Blakeley sends regards to Mr. Mendes and Mr. & Mrs. Reviera. The collection's letters concern trade between Aaron Lopez or Joseph Lopez (recipients) and senders Caleb Bull (1746-1797) and Josiah Blakeley, both Hartford merchants. The correspondence details business transactions, including the supply of rum, ostrich plumes, and other imported goods by Lopez, and payments and additional goods supplied by Bull, such as flour and fish. The letters also discuss the challenges posed by the currency crisis of 1779 and the depreciating value of Continental currency. The letters are physically damaged, showing staining, edge wear, toning, creasing, and some illegibility due to moisture damage. The collection provides insight into the commercial activities and currency issues of the late 18th century in the context of the American Revolution.

A one and one-quarter page stampless letter written by Michael Nesbit in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on April 25, 1835. The letter details a business transaction concerning port, bottles, and cloth.

A handwritten receipt documenting the payment of Four Hundred and Sixty Four pounds, twelve shillings for molasses by Joseph Cozzens. The item features handwritten text in a cursive style on aged paper. 3.

Partially printed shipping document detailing goods shipped by David Woolf in New York City to Isaac Gomez in Barbados on December 3, 1729, aboard the brig Essex. The document is signed by the brig's master, Thomas Fitch. This is the earliest American shipping document in the collection.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of 100 barrels of whiskey from New Orleans, Louisiana to Charleston, South Carolina on March 14, 1846, aboard the brig Albert. The record includes a nice print of a ship.

This is a report from Boston, dated May 28, 1770, published in *The Weekly Magazine* on July 16, 1770. The report details a meeting where a letter from Newport, Rhode Island was read. The letter discussed a meeting of mostly Jewish merchants who were importing goods from England and the English Indies, thereby not supporting the effort against the duties. Pages 121 and 122 of the magazine are relevant.

Trade coin issued circa 1834 in Bridgetown, Barbados by Moses Tolano, a merchant at 33 Swan Street. The obverse depicts "MOSES TOLANTO BARBADOES" with a bale and the initials M.T. The reverse shows "FREEDOM WITHOUT SLAVERY" with a six-petal rosette and a barrel with the initials M.T. Slavery was abolished in Barbados in 1834. A Moses Tolano, a 38-year-old merchant from 33 Swann Street, was buried on May 30, 1852, according to records from the Bridgetown Synagogue. While the spelling of the surname differs slightly, it is believed to be the same individual. Information based on Shilstone's "Monumental Inscriptions...Synagogue...Bridgetown, Barbados."

An undated list of goods and quantities, possibly for shipment or sale, circa 1816. The list includes a wide range of items, from toys to canes with swords. Found loose within Letter Book 20.1430T. A separate cover sheet is present, dated August 2, 1815.