Subject: Synagogues

This book is a church directory for New York City, published in 1867. Pages 50-51 contain a listing of the 28 synagogues operating in New York City at that time. The directory provides valuable insight into the early development of Jewish communities in New York City, highlighting the growth of congregations, many stemming from Landsmannschaften (immigrant societies). The included historical context explains the significance of these congregations and their role within the evolving social landscape of the city's Jewish population.

This 1868 guidebook to Philadelphia, published by John Dainty, provides a comprehensive overview of the city, including a city map and lithographs of notable buildings. The guide lists seven Jewish synagogues in Philadelphia but notably lacks advertisements from Jewish merchants.

This pamphlet commemorates the dedication ceremonies of the Benoth Israel Sheltering Home, held at the Baldwin Place Synagogue in Boston on October 18, 1891. The 14-page pamphlet features an illustrated front cover depicting the building and attendees. The Sheltering Home is also documented in the 1899 American Jewish Yearbook and Sarna's *The Jews of Boston*. This is a first edition, originally issued in illustrated paper wrappers.

Billhead for work performed for Mikvah Israel. The billhead is written on Uriah Hunt's writing paper. The date is October 8, 1863. This is item 12 of 12 in the folder.

Billhead for work performed for Mikvah Israel Congregation in Philadelphia. The billhead, dated October 25, 1876, details work related to fixing a gas fixture. The billhead features a vignette, indicating it is number 10 of a set of 12. The work was performed by W.H. Wood.

Billhead for work performed for Mikvah Israel on June 5, 1881. The billhead depicts the installation of an awning by A. Smith. This is item 5 of 12.

Billhead for work performed for Mikvah Israel Congregation. The bill details repairs to a gate. The billhead features a vignette of an iron door and hardware. This is bill 11 of 12. Date: December 29, 1876. Found in: Arc.MS.56, Box 10, Folder 7.

Bookplate reading "KAAL KADOSH BETH SHALOME...THIS BOOK MUST NOT BE TAKEN OUT OF; THE SYNAGOGUE." Undated bookplate from Beth Shalome Synagogue.

Bookplate depicting the interior of Mikveh Israel-Cherry Street Synagogue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The bookplate likely dates from the 1890s and belonged to Leon H. Elmaleh. It shows a connection to Mikveh Israel Congregation.

Bookplate depicting an interior view of the Cherry Street Synagogue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The bookplate includes the inscription "EX LIBRIS" and is associated with Leon H. Elmaleh. Circa 1890s.

Broadside issued in Chicago on December 16, 1873, by A. Felsenthal, encouraging attendance at Friday evening services at the Zion Congregation Temple. The broadside highlights the importance of Jewish religious observance for all members of the community, particularly those unable to attend Sabbath morning services.

This archival item consists of two parts: a business card for Clarence A. Hart, advertising military equipment at 133 North 3rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and a report detailing the articles placed in the cornerstone of the new Mickve Israel Synagogue. The report, circa 1885, lists items such as newspapers, coins, and tokens dated 1859, among them a California gold quarter-dollar deposited by nine-year-old Clarence A. Hart.

This book contains the charter and by-laws of Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel, a Jewish synagogue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Published in 1824 by John Bioren, it represents the first printing of a charter and official incorporation of a Jewish synagogue in America. The book is a significant historical document, illustrating the early development of Jewish communities in the United States. This copy is an ex-library copy with stamps, and has contemporary wrappers (slightly chipped).

A book titled *Clerical Directory of the Clergy in New York & Brooklyn*, published in 1834, containing a list of "Jews' Synagogues" with their addresses on page 51. The book is part of collection E and located in Arc.MS.56, Box 6.

This book contains the constitution and by-laws of the Congregation House of Israel of Philadelphia, published in 1873. It details the rules and regulations governing the congregation's operations, membership, and activities. According to Singerman 2411, only two copies of this book are known to exist.

This 21-page book contains the constitution and by-laws of Congregation Sha'are Tefilah ("The Gates of Prayer") in New York City, adopted in 1847 (5608). The book was printed by J. M. Jackson in New York and is bound in contemporary wrappers. According to Singerman's bibliography, only one other copy of this book is known to exist.

This is a program from the dedication ceremony of Congregation Beth El Emeth in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 3, 1857. The program includes an address delivered by Reverend Solomon Jacobs. Congregation Beth El Emeth was formed by a group of pro-Isaac Leeser members of Mikvah Israel, primarily to provide Leeser with a pulpit after his retirement from Mikvah Israel. This program is significant as it documents the establishment of a new synagogue and the role of key figures in 19th-century American Judaism.

This book commemorates the dedication of Temple Gates of Hope, a Reform congregation founded by German Jews in 1882 at 86th Street between Lexington and Park Avenues in New York City. The book includes the sermon, "The Evolution of Religion," delivered by Edward B. M. Browne on January 28, 1883, at the dedication ceremony. Published by the Jewish Herald Pub. Co., New York.

Ornate deed for a seat at Congregation B'nai Israel, located at 521-527 Lombard Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The deed, dated circa 1910, features an engraved depiction of the temple building. The document is in English and Hebrew.

This is Doggett's New York City Directory for the years 1846-47. A significant feature of this directory is its listing of eight synagogues and a burial ground in New York City on page 36 of the appendix. The directory provides a valuable resource with names, occupations, and addresses of New York City residents during this period, offering insights into the city's demographics and the Jewish community's presence.

Engraving depicting New Orleans, Louisiana, published circa mid-1850s in Germany. The print shows the Nefutzoth Yehudah (Congregation Dispersed of Judah) synagogue. This rare souvenir sheet is from a work showcasing picturesque views of famous cities, their churches, monuments, and public places. The sheet measures 15 x 21 cm and was created by Hermann S. Meyer. Dating is based on the depiction of the Odd Fellows Hall (dedicated 1852, destroyed by fire 1866) and Christ Church (whose third Gothic-style building, depicted in the lithograph, was used until the mid-1880s). The Nefutzoth Yehudah congregation occupied a renovated Christ Church building at the corner of Bourbon and Canal Streets from 1846 (date may be slightly off). The two Jewish congregations reunited in 1881 and moved to a building on Carondelet Street.

Receipt for a subscription to the United Hebrew Beneficent Society of Philadelphia. The verso contains a detailed account of monies owed for rent, interest, and expenses of several properties owned by Mikveh Israel, along with general expenses and income from Synagogue operations. Dated August 1, 1875.

Two financial notes on a letter sheet featuring lithographs of steamships, sailing ships, and the 85 Race Street Bakery in Philadelphia. The notes detail payments for Passover bread made to William Essen's bakery by the Congregation Mikveh Israel in May 1857. One note, dated May 11, 1857, is from Isaac Rheinstrom authorizing Abraham Hart to pay Essen $80. The second note, dated May 19, 1857, confirms that A.S. Wolf, Treasurer, paid Essen $80 for the bread.

This 1825 pamphlet from Congregation Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia contains the service used at the dedication of their new synagogue. The text is presented bilingually, with English and Hebrew versions on facing pages. The printer, S.H. Jackson, was based in New York City.

This book contains the order of service for the dedication of the new Shearith Israel Synagogue on West 19th Street, near Fifth Avenue, in New York City, on September 12, 1860. The service, which commemorated the 206th anniversary of the arrival of the first Jews in New Amsterdam, included seven circuits of the Torah with accompanying Psalms, a discourse by Rev. A. Fischell, and a consecration prayer by Rev. J. J. Lyons. The Hebrew and English texts are presented on facing pages. The book was printed by John M. Jackson in New York. This copy is from the library of Rabbi Dr. David de Sola Pool.

Partially printed document signed by Abraham Touro guaranteeing payment for the tuition of Isaac Coffin at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire on October 10, 1813. This document suggests a charitable act by the wealthy Boston merchant and major donor to the Touro Synagogue.

This is an 1868 guide to Philadelphia featuring steel engravings of numerous buildings and sites, along with numerous advertisements. Page 101 lists seven synagogues, and page 110 lists the Hebrew Educational Society. Notably, the guide does not list any Jewish merchants or cemeteries.

Hand-colored lithographed street plan of Philadelphia by S. Augustus Mitchell, published in 1845. The map details numerous buildings, including the Jews Synagogue at the corner of Race and North 3rd Streets. It measures 15.8 x 12.6 inches.

A hand-colored map of Surinam (Dutch Guiana), circa 1769, depicting Jewish-owned plantations, two synagogues (including the German Synagogue), the Jewish market, and other relevant locations. Surinam, a territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is situated in northeastern South America, bordered by Guyana, Brazil, and French Guiana, and the Atlantic Ocean to the north. This map shows a second synagogue, the German Synagogue, which is not present on pre-1718 maps of the area. The map was exhibited in the inaugural year-long exhibition at the National Museum of American Jewish History in Philadelphia from November 2010 to November 2011. Historical note: In 1627, Abraham van Pere, a Flushing merchant possibly of Portuguese Jewish refugee descent, founded a settlement in the Berbice River, Surinam, under a license from the Dutch West India Company. He sent settlers upriver, and later supplied goods to Dutch settlements in Essequibo.

This 18-page sermon by Rev. I.L. Leucht was preached at the Rampart Street Synagogue in New Orleans on December 7, 1870. Published in 1871, it's a plea for support of the Jewish educational system in New Orleans. The text is in both English and German. The pamphlet is considered scarce, with only one known copy previously recorded.

Print depicting the interior view of the Jews' Synagogue in Amsterdam. Published as part of *The Gentleman's Magazine*. Date of publication is unknown, but the image's style suggests a likely publication date around the mid to late 18th century.

Invitation to the First Conference of the Jewish Ministers' Association, held at the Young Men's Hebrew Association (YMHA), 110 West 42nd Street, New York, New York, on January 14, 1885. The invitation is a printed broadside.

Broadside invitation to the inaugural dinner of the B'nai Jeshurun Educational Institute, a college preparatory school for American Jewish children, held at the Chinese Assembly Rooms on Broadway, New York, New York, in 1863. The invitation also announces a dedication ceremony at the adjoining synagogue. It lists the board members with their addresses, including Commodore Uriah P. Levy and Captain Jonas Phillips Levy.

This 1847 book from J. Wertheimer in London outlines the laws and regulations governing the conduct of Ashkenazi synagogues within the British Empire. Written in English and Hebrew, it details prayer times, the order of services, and rules of decorum. The book comes from the library of Rabbi Dr. David de Sola Pool.

This archival collection contains three legal documents related to a lawsuit concerning the relocation of the Shaaray Tefila Cemetery in New York City. The lawsuit, filed in the New York Supreme Court on May 30, 1856, pits plaintiffs Benjamin J. Hart and David J. Levy against defendants Louis Levy, John M. Davies, Edward Josephs, Aaron S. Solomons, and Joseph Aden (trustees of Shaaray Tefila). The documents include a request for deposition of the plaintiffs (dated May 30, 1856), a copy of an affidavit from Alexander Kursheet for the defendants (filed June 20, 1856), and a group of possibly incomplete draft documents. The suit stemmed from a New York State law passed in 1850-1851 prohibiting further burials in Lower Manhattan, prompting Shaaray Tefila to establish the Beth Olam Cemetery in 1851 with two other Manhattan congregations. The documents detail the legal proceedings surrounding the sale and relocation of the original Shaaray Tefila cemetery. The Shaaray Tefila Synagogue, founded in 1845, was officially chartered in 1848 by primarily English and Dutch Jews who had previously been members of B'nai Jeshurun. Its first rabbi, Samuel Isaacs, was one of few English-speaking rabbis in the United States at the time and remained in that post until 1877.

A one-page letter written by Abraham De Young, President of a newly formed congregation in Lafayette, Louisiana, to Isaac Leeser on November 9, 1849. The letter announces the congregation's new rented temple and lists its officers: Jacob Meyer (VP), H. Asher (VP), Benjamin Goldenberg (Trustee), B. Frank (Trustee), Julius Sayer (Secretary), and N. Grunsburger (Treasurer). An excerpt from a later Occident article provides an update on the congregation's status and membership.

Two-page letter from Joseph Abraham, a lawyer in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Isaac Leeser, dated July 16, 1851. Abraham discusses Jewish life in Cincinnati, including the construction of a new synagogue for K.K. Beni Israel and the death of Mr. Moehring's infant son in a fire. He also mentions his status as the only Jewish lawyer in Ohio.

Letter from L. Freudenthal, Rabbi of Congregation Aaron in Trinidad, Colorado, to Charles Ilfeld in Las Vegas, New Mexico, dated January 6, 1893. Freudenthal expresses thanks for a contribution. Congregation Aaron was formed in 1883 and built in 1889; Freudenthal served as rabbi for over 20 years.

A one and one-quarter page letter written by Lewis Samuel of Liverpool, England, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 9, 1852. Samuel responds positively to a prospectus for Leeser's Bible translation, orders copies, and offers publishing suggestions. He also expresses his views on congregants deemed unworthy of religious roles.

A one-page letter written in German (with a provided translation) by Louis Spanier of Albany, New York, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 4, 1850. Spanier expresses his disdain for Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise and urges Leeser to publicly censure him. The letter foreshadows a contentious event at Beth-El in Albany the following month.

Four-page letter written by Reverend Moses N. Nathan to Reverend Isaac Leeser on January 9, 1853, from New Orleans, Louisiana. Nathan discusses his departure from his position at the K.K. Beni Israel Synagogue, his financial difficulties, and his relationship with Judah Touro. The letter provides insight into the challenges faced by Orthodox rabbis in mid-19th-century American congregations.

A one-and-a-half-page letter written on the letterhead of Robbins, Calhoun & Co. in New York City, dated September 19, 1865. Philip Runkel writes to Isaac Leeser about his visit to New York City and his intention to interview hazanim (cantors) on behalf of the Hebrew Spanish-Portuguese Synagogue in New Orleans, Louisiana. Runkel conveys greetings from the synagogue's president, Mr. Levy.

A business letter written by the Spiesberger Brothers, located at 406 Main Street, Keokuk, Iowa, on August 19, 1889. The letter's recipient and contents are unknown, though the subject may relate to their clothing business. The letter mentions Meyer Spiesberger's role as president of Keokuk's first building for a synagogue.

Two-page letter written by W. B. Simmons of St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 19, 1844. Simmons details the recent death of his wife, discusses challenges within the St. Thomas Jewish community, including the dismissal of the Hazan, Mr. Carrillon, and mentions book and newspaper matters.

This book, published in 1843, is a collection of letters written by Maria L. Childs detailing her travels and observations in New York. Childs's letters cover a range of topics, including her visit to a German synagogue in September 1841 (pp. 25-35), slavery, Native Americans, and daily life in the city. This is a first edition.

Engraved map of Paramaribo, Suriname, created in London in 1791 by J. Johnson. The map depicts the Portuguese Synagogue (letter 'G') and the German Synagogue (letter 'H'). The map measures 8 1/2" x 11".

French copper plate engraving map of Paramaribo, Suriname, titled "Plan de la Ville de Paramaribo Suivant les Plans Hollandois." Created in 1799 by Pierre François Tardieu in Paris. The map measures 8 x 5.5 inches and includes the annotation "Sinagogue Portugais" (Portuguese Synagogue). Unlike another map in this collection (item 1.300), this map does not depict the German Synagogue.

Hand-colored copperplate engraving map of Suriname, likely from the second edition of Johannes van Keulen's *Zee-Atlas*, depicting the coastline, rivers, and settlements, including the location of the Congregation Beraha VeSalom Synagogue in Jodensavanne. Published in Amsterdam in 1687 by Johannes van Keulen. Shows the earliest cartographic evidence of the second synagogue built in Suriname.

Program for memorial services held at the Liberal Jewish Synagogue on July 11, 1938. The program mentions Claude G. Montefiore (1858-1938).

This is a two-volume prayer book containing the afternoon (Mincha) and evening (Maariv) services according to the Portuguese Jewish rite. Published in Amsterdam in 1865 by Lopes Cardozo Jr., it belonged to Reverend Chazan J.J. Levie, who served the Jewish Community of Paramaribo from 1860 to 1888. His handwriting and name appear within the book.

Miniature synagogue ark (Aron Kodesh) and bema (podium) crafted in the American folk art style, circa 1930s-1940s. The ark features inlaid contrasting woods, free-standing turned columns, and a crest with a large Star of David flanked by stylized lions. The ark's interior, illuminated and rewired (preserving the original wiring), displays floral decoration and a miniature Torah or Megillah. The accompanying bema is of similar design and construction. Made in Detroit, Michigan (if before 1940). A full description of the origin and maker is included in the provenance information.

Handwritten minutes book of the B'nai Israel Congregation, Keokuk, Iowa, covering the period 1885-1906. The 206-page ledger includes a 1902 copy of the 1855 deed for the congregation's cemetery on the last page (#384). This book represents the earliest surviving communal records of the Keokuk Jewish community. The book also contains approximately 25 additional documents, including letters related to congregation affairs and bill heads. Keokuk, Iowa, had one of the largest Jewish communities in the Midwest during the 1880s. B'nai Israel Congregation was the first permanent Jewish house of worship in Iowa, founded in 1855, with a permanent synagogue built at 8th and Blondeau streets in 1877.

One-page handwritten document recording the election of Isaac Leeser as Hazan (cantor) of Congregation Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 6, 1829. The document, signed by Abraham Myers Cohen, Secretary pro tem, details the election process and the resolution to engage Leeser for a two-year term at a salary of eight hundred dollars per annum. A subsequent resolution appointed a committee to inform Leeser of his appointment. This document is significant as it marks the beginning of Leeser's career as a prominent American Jewish leader and writer.

Complete issue of the New York Illustrated News, dated May 14, 1853, featuring an illustration of the interior of the new Jewish Synagogue, Congregation Rodeph Sholom, located on Clinton Street between Stanton and Houston Streets in New York City. The newspaper also includes illustrations and reports on Henri Franconi and his horse Bayard, the Latting Observatory at the New York Crystal Palace, the opening night of the Hippodrome, the ruins of a recent fire in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Norwalk Railroad calamity.

Newspaper clipping from the *New York Times*, November 28, 1862, summarizing a sermon delivered by Reverend Morris Jacob Raphall at Congregation B'nai Jeshurun in New York, New York. The clipping details the sermon's location at Green Street between Bleecker Street.

Issue of Niles' Weekly Register, a newspaper published in Baltimore, Maryland on November 13, 1813. This issue contains a report on a day of Thanksgiving declared by the Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Synagogue in Charleston, South Carolina, in response to U.S. military victories in the War of 1812.

This book, published by Isaac S. Moses in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1884, provides a set order of prayers and responsive readings for Jewish worship. The book likely contains traditional Jewish prayers and liturgical texts arranged for congregational use. Further details on the specific prayers and their arrangement would require examination of the book's contents.

This 16-page octavo pamphlet contains the order of service for the consecration of the Synagogue of the United Congregation of Israelites in Kingston, Jamaica, on July 19, 1888 (19 Tammuz 5648). The service was conducted by Reverend Solomon Jacobs, the congregation's minister. The text is presented bilingually in Hebrew and English on facing pages. The pamphlet commemorates the completion of a new synagogue building, replacing one that had previously burned down. The United Congregation of Israelites resulted from a merger of Kingston's Sephardic and Ashkenazic congregations.

This is a program for the consecration ceremony of the new synagogue of Congregation B'nai Israel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, held on Thursday, January 8, 1857 (12th of Tebeth 5617). Published by R. Stein, the program details the order of service for the event. The Congregation B'nai Israel was founded by Dutch Ashkenazi Jews in the 1850s and served as an important ethnic synagogue before merging with other congregations in 1879.

Pamphlet documenting a petition to change the name of the Young Men's Hebrew Benevolent Association to the Hebrew Benevolent Fuel Association. The petition was founded on March 2, 1850, and the meeting took place at the Broadway Synagogue on January 24, 1869. The pamphlet's geographic context is New York State Senate District 34.

Postcard depicting a Jewish synagogue with the Pennsylvania State Capitol building in the background. The postcard is undated, but based on architectural styles, it may date from the late 19th or early 20th century. The image shows the synagogue's exterior and is possibly located on Second Street, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

This is one of two volumes of prayer books arranged by Dr. A. Huebach and translated by Alexander Kohut, D.D. It contains prayers for the divine services of Congregation Ahawath Chesed. Published in New York in 1889 by A. L. Goetzl.

This pamphlet comprises the preface pages to an unknown book dedicated to the Rabbis of the Amsterdam Synagogue. Written in a tongue-in-cheek style, the dedication suggests the main book might be "The Translator of the Letters Juives." The preface is printed on 18th-century laid paper and likely dates from around 1780, based on the style and paper used. The authors or dedicators are listed as Aaron Monceca, Jacob Brito, and Isaac Onis. The name Haagse Snoge is also associated with this pamphlet.

Program for the inauguration of a new Torah scroll in Paramaribo, Suriname, dated January 1, 1905. The program is in Dutch and is part of the Willy Lindwer Suriname Collection. The book is physically located in Arc.Ms.56, Lindower box, Folder 17.

Program for the Solemn Service at the Synagogue of the Netherlands Israelite Congregation in Paramaribo on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of American Judaism. Published in Paramaribo, Suriname in 1954.

Program for the inauguration service of the Reverend M. Haalman, religion teacher at both Jewish Communities in Suriname, 1948. Published in Paramaribo, Suriname.

This broadside is a program for a special prayer service held at the Neveh Shalom Synagogue in Paramaribo, Suriname, on Wednesday, July 1, 1863, to commemorate the emancipation of slaves. The program is bilingual, featuring both Dutch and Hebrew. It details the order of service and likely includes prayers and readings relevant to the occasion.

A receipt for an offering of $0.78 to Congregation Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The receipt is signed by Hyman Gratz, acting as gabay (treasurer) for the congregation, and witnessed by Solomon Cohen. The date of the receipt is October 10, 1832.

A receipt issued by Hyman Gratz, Gabay of Congregation Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, acknowledging receipt of a $1.00 offering from Solomon N. Carvalho on October 23, 1854. The receipt is endorsed on the back by Carvalho. The year is also written as 5614 in Hebrew.

Receipt issued by Hyman Gratz, Gabay of Congregation Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to A. Benjamin for twelve dollars, seat number 32, on November 6, 1850. The receipt is written in English and possibly Hebrew.

Printed and handwritten receipt issued by Congregation Shearith Israel in New York, New York to Henry Tobias for donations received during the first two quarters of 1841. The receipt is signed by D. Phillips Cohn. Measures 7.75" x 3.25".

This 11-page book, from the library of Rabbi Dr. David de Sola Pool, records the proposed changes to the liturgy of New Orleans' Portuguese Congregation Nefutzot Yehudah (Dispersed of Judah) in 1875. It details the motions supporting the revisions and the counterarguments presented by Rabbi Joseph Hayim Mendes Chumaceiro, who opposed the changes. The Congregation Nefutzot Yehudah merged with Congregation Shaarei Chesed in 1881 to form the present-day Touro Synagogue of New Orleans.

This 1861 edition of Richardson's Almanac includes a full-page feature dedicated to the Jewish calendar and the two Richmond synagogues. It provides times for commencing the Sabbath. The synagogues' founding dates, 1791 and 1841, are also noted.

This is an 1852 edition of Richardson's Almanac. The almanac features a full-page spread dedicated to the two Richmond, Virginia synagogues, including their founding dates (1791 and 1841) and times for commencing the Sabbath. The almanac also includes a Jewish calendar. Published in Richmond, Virginia.

This 71-page book contains the ritual of the Independent Order Free Sons of Israel. Written by Rev. Dr. Rudolph Grossman, it was published in New York in 1890. The book is bound in contemporary boards.

This 1847 book contains the Hebrew and English order of service for the consecration of Congregation Shaaray Tefila, located on Wooster Street in New York City. Published by J. M. Jackson, the book features type-ornament borders on each page. It is from the library of Rabbi Dr. David de Sola Pool and represents an early example of the liturgy used by this congregation, which later transitioned from Orthodox to Reform Judaism.

This is a printed sermon delivered by Rabbi Jacob Lopes da Fonseca at Congregation Mikveh Israel in Curaçao in 1780. The sermon, in Portuguese and Hebrew, was given in honor of David Morales. Jacob Lopes da Fonseca (1736-1815) was the first rabbi born in the Americas, having studied at the Eits Haim Seminary in Amsterdam before returning to Curaçao in 1764 to serve as chief rabbi for 52 years.

This pamphlet contains the sermon delivered by Reverend James Koppel Gutheim at the consecration of the Adas Israel Synagogue in Louisville, Kentucky, on Nissan 7, 5609 (March 30, 1849). The sermon reflects the religious and communal context of the Jewish community in Louisville at the time. The pamphlet is listed in Singerman's bibliography with four known copies.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting Congregation Emanu-El in New York, New York, circa 1885. The image shows the congregation's Moorish-style building located on Fifth Avenue and 43rd Street, designed by Leopold Eidlitz. This building is described as "a vivid combination of Viollet-le-Duc's structural theories and Saracenic ornament" (Robert A. M. Stern, Gregory Gilmartin, and Thomas Mellins, *New York 1930, Architecture and Urbanism between the Two World Wars*, Rizzoli International, 1987). The photograph is part of the School Set Series II, No. 37.

Stereoscopic photograph of the Touro Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island. The photograph is dated circa 1860. It is part of a larger collection of Judaica Americana.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting the Touro Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island. The photograph is part of a larger collection of American scenery and is undated, though it's possibly from the mid-19th century.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting a view looking west from a Jewish synagogue in San Francisco, California. The photograph was likely taken around 1900.

Stereoscopic card depicting the Jewish Synagogue located at 5th Avenue and 43rd Street in New York City. Published by E. & H. T. Anthony & Co., 591 Broadway, opposite the Metropolitan Hotel, New York City. This is considered the earliest known stereo view of this famous synagogue. Published circa 1870.

Stereoscopic photograph of the Sinai Congregation located at 21st and Indiana Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. Part of the 'American Scenery Views of Chicago & Vicinity' series. Circa 1880.

Stereoview card depicting the ruins of a Jewish synagogue on Sutter Street in San Francisco, California. The card notes that the synagogue withstood the earthquakes of 1865 and 1868. Published circa 1900.

This 10-page book contains the order of service for Congregation B'nai Jeshurun, adopted on July 25th and August 22nd, 1869. The service is primarily in English with significant use of Hebrew. It includes orders of service, codes of conduct, and dress regulations established by the congregation. This copy is from the library of Rabbi Dr. David de Sola Pool and was published by L.H. Frank in New York.

This book provides a synopsis of Jewish history from the return of the Jews from Babylonian captivity to the time of Herod the Great (circa 1859). It details the different Jewish sects of that era, the development and usage of synagogues and schools, the origins and implementation of Jewish prayer, the Urim and Thummim, the Mishna (oral law), and the completion of the Gemara, which comprises the Talmud. The author was Rabbi Henry A. Henry, the first rabbi of Congregation Sherith Israel in San Francisco.

This 1840 book, "Tanner's Picture of Philadelphia and Its Environs," provides a description of Philadelphia and its surrounding areas. The book contains 156 pages and notably lists the three Jewish synagogues in Philadelphia on page 56. The accompanying map is missing from this copy.

This 34-page pamphlet details a lawsuit between members of Congregation Beth Elohim in Charleston, South Carolina, concerning the installation of an organ in 1840. The dispute highlighted the conflict between traditional and reform Jewish practices in the United States. The lawsuit, printed on May 25, 1843, provides detailed accounts of the allegations and arguments presented in court, ultimately representing a significant early victory for the Reform movement in America. The case's resolution established a precedent for future disputes over religious practices within American synagogues.

This book, published in 1850 in New York City by J. M. Jackson, is a two-part Hebrew language textbook based on Ollendorff's method. It was printed at the first Hebrew publishing house in New York City, founded by Solomon Jackson. The author, G. M. Cohen, was a prominent cantor and educator, known for introducing modern pedagogical techniques into Hebrew education and establishing the first permanent synagogue choir in America. The text emphasizes a practical approach to learning Hebrew.

This trade card advertises Ben Bloch, an Opera House Clothier and Hatter in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. The front of the card features a sad-looking dog. The back of the card is blank. [Ben Bloch was the founder of the synagogue in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania].

Trade card depicting a pink shoe filled with flowers. The card is associated with Levi, L. at 324 Penn Street and a member of a synagogue. Circa 1885.

This item consists of a tripartite wedding invitation suite for the marriage of Thersa Baer and David Nieto. The invitation announces a ceremony at the Nineteenth Street Synagogue in New York City, followed by a dinner at Mazetti's restaurant. Published in New York, New York on June 6, 1888.