Subject: Slavery

This manuscript ledger records the 1863 tax assessments for the 7th District of New Orleans, Louisiana. Compiled most likely before the Federal occupation of May 1863, it details the taxes assessed on real estate, slaves (including those owned by Free People of Color), income, and personal property of numerous residents and businesses. The ledger is handwritten in ink and pencil, bound in gray cloth boards, and features printed column headings. It provides a valuable snapshot of the demographics, wealth distribution, and economic activities of New Orleans during the Civil War.

This volume contains the acts passed during the first session of the ninth Louisiana Legislature, which convened in New Orleans on December 8, 1828. Printed by Benjamin Levy, this is considered the first printing contract awarded by a state to a Jewish printer in the United States. The book includes English and French text on facing pages and features a list of acts, an index, and the 1812 Constitution of Louisiana. Notable acts included are a comprehensive slave registration statute and various laws concerning the militia, infrastructure, land titles, and civil and criminal matters. This is a first edition.

This book recounts the true story of the American brig Commerce, wrecked on the western coast of Africa in August 1815. It details the subsequent enslavement of the surviving officers and crew by wandering Arabs, their experiences in captivity, and their eventual rescue. The narrative includes a copperplate engraving of a circumcision ceremony, considered one of the earliest depictions of this practice in an American book. Published by the author in Hartford, this edition may be a first edition, as it is not found in OCLC. The book also features an appendix with observations on Atlantic winds and currents, a proposed method for visiting Timbuktu, and an Arabic-English vocabulary.

This 56-page pamphlet, published in New York in 1854, presents a scholarly examination of the biblical laws concerning servitude. Author William Jay argues against the interpretation of these laws as supporting the institution of slavery. The pamphlet represents a significant contribution to the abolitionist discourse of the mid-19th century.

This 56-page pamphlet, published in 1854 by M. W. Dodd in New York, presents William Jay's examination of the Mosaic laws concerning servitude. The first edition, originally issued in octavo format and lacking its wrappers, offers a scholarly analysis of this aspect of Jewish law within its historical context.

Autograph letter signed by Dr. Aaron Lopez of Charleston, South Carolina, dated December 10, 1839, reporting on the health of "the boy Samuel" to Colonel J. G. Moses at the Charleston Hotel. The letter discusses Samuel's health and lack of information regarding his parents, hinting at the possibility that Samuel was an enslaved individual whose health was being assessed for a potential buyer. The letter also mentions a deed held in the Secretary of State's office in Charleston, South Carolina.

Autograph letter signed "Leonard Jacoby," Philadelphia, September 25, 1791, instructing John Klein to deliver orders to Salomon Raphael. Raphael's signature appears on the verso. The letter references business transactions between the parties.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond on April 14, 1823. The letter expresses anger regarding a misstatement on a note from Pollock and Judah, and notes that Pollock has cancer. David Judah & Co. was licensed as auctioneers on November 11, 1822, with Judah, Tobias, and Edward Pollock as principals.

This pamphlet contains the text of a sermon delivered by Rabbi Morris J. Raphall at Congregation B'nai Jeshurun in New York City on January 4, 1861, the day President Buchanan proclaimed a National Fast. In this highly publicized sermon, Raphall argued that the Bible did not prohibit slavery and defended the institution, drawing both praise from the South and criticism from abolitionists in the North. Published by Rudd & Carleton, New York, 1861.

This pamphlet contains the text of a sermon delivered by Rabbi Morris J. Raphall at the Bnai Jeshurun Synagogue in New York City on January 4, 1861, a nationally proclaimed day of fasting. In this sermon, Raphall offers a pro-slavery interpretation of biblical texts, arguing against abolitionism and defending the institution of slavery as consistent with Jewish law. The sermon sparked significant controversy, generating both praise in the South and criticism from abolitionists in the North. Published by Rudd & Carleton in New York, this is considered a significant historical document in the context of 19th-century American religious and political debates.

This pamphlet contains the text of a sermon delivered by Rabbi Morris J. Raphall at the Bnai Jeshurun Synagogue in New York City on January 4, 1861, a nationally proclaimed day of fasting. In this sermon, Raphall argues that the Bible does not prohibit slavery and that the institution is justifiable under certain conditions. This Baltimore edition of the sermon, published by James Lucas, reflects the strong pro-slavery sentiments prevalent in the South during the secession crisis. The sermon sparked considerable controversy, earning Raphall both praise in the South and criticism from abolitionists in the North.

Bill of exchange (number 610) issued in Curaçao on October 8, 1863, by the Ministerie van Kolonien (Ministry of Colonies) to the Jesurun family (Sarah, Rachael, Judith, Abigail, Gravia, Ester, and Moses) for 1000 guilders. This compensation was paid to former slave owners for the manumission of slaves previously owned by Moises Abraham Jesurun (d. 1853), a former parnas and mohel of the Mikveh Yisrael congregation. The document, signed by Governor J. D. Crol, bears numerous endorsements, seals, and stamps from various banking establishments, tracing its journey to Amsterdam, where it was redeemed on December 22, 1863. The bill consists of two leaves; the first is printed and filled, and the second is in manuscript form. This document relates to the abolition of slavery in the Dutch colonies in 1863.

Bill of Sale documenting the sale of an Afro-American individual for $1290 to Franklin Moses in Charleston, South Carolina. The sale took place on January 1, 1857. The document also includes biographical information on Franklin Moses, son of Major Myer Moses, noting his legal career and service in the South Carolina Senate, including his role as chief justice of the state.

Bill of sale documenting the sale of an enslaved twelve-year-old girl named Lucy from Bartlet Sanders to Hayman Levy in Camden, South Carolina, on February 8, 1832. The document includes the names of witnesses: Thoms B Lee and Will E Hughlou. The verso of the document notes "Captured at Mobile, AL, June, 1865 Bob Certra," suggesting its later use as a war souvenir.

Bill of sale documenting the sale of an enslaved Black girl named Emiley by J.S. Riggs of Charleston, South Carolina, on May 10, 1858. The sale price was $375, with deductions for commission, maintenance, and transportation totaling $20.38, resulting in a net price of $354.62. The document features Riggs's advertising 'store card' in the upper left corner, identifying him as a Broker and Auctioneer at 4 State Street, Charleston, S.C. The bill of sale measures 8" x 10".

Single-page printed bill of sale documenting the sale of three enslaved individuals—Fanny and her two children, Martha and William—for $575, and Sally for $425. The seller, Solomon Davis, a Jewish slave dealer from Richmond, Virginia, filled out and signed the document on February 12, 1848. The buyer was Thomas R. Williams. The sale took place in Charleston, South Carolina. This document highlights the involvement of Jewish individuals in the American slave trade.

Bill of sale document from Talbot County, Maryland, dated February 12, 1858, detailing the sale of enslaved individuals: Stephen, Liggy, and their three children, Betty, Lotty, and John, from Daniel Levy to William Aningdale for $1,500. The document consists of three pages measuring 8" x 10".

Partially printed bill of sale, 8 x 13.25 inches, Charleston, South Carolina, March 4, 1847. Documents the sale of an enslaved woman named Chloe by Solomon Davis to Mary Kennedy for $430.00. The verso records the subsequent sale of Chloe by Kennedy to Henry Willis for $275.00 on September 1, 1847, with Thomas W. Mordecai witnessing the transaction as an officer of the court. This bill of sale highlights the involvement of Jewish slave traders in the American South.

Bill of sale for the purchase of an enslaved girl, Marie Frances, by Rebecca M. Canter from Jacob Hule, Jr. in Charleston, South Carolina on June 1, 1843. The document details the sale and transfer of ownership of the enslaved person for three hundred dollars.

Billhead detailing the stores to outfit the sloop Molly, sold to Master Joseph Rodman by Naphtali Hart on February 12, 1746, in Newport, Rhode Island. The inventory includes a significant quantity of codfish and oil, suggesting a long voyage. The Molly was a slaver owned by the Vernons.

Printed and filled-in bond document concerning the sale of a Negro girl named Elira to Isaac Rose for $211.38 in satisfaction of a debt. The bond is dated October 3, 1840, and originates from Norfolk, Virginia. The document details the transaction and payment terms.

Issue of the Charleston Courier newspaper from Charleston, South Carolina, dated February 7, 1807. This issue contains advertisements for a public sale of an estate including sixty enslaved people, and for a cargo of sugar and brandies. The sale of the sugar and brandies was delayed due to weather.

A Confederate field office report, dated November 6, 1861, from H. Hagerman to an unidentified General, concerning the enslaved persons held in the estate of Moses Davis in Charleston, South Carolina. The report lists twelve enslaved individuals by name and age, intended for appraisement. The document measures 7.5" x 10".

A two-page manuscript contract detailing the sale of an enslaved woman named Katy from Daniel M. Patterson of Jefferson County, Mississippi, to Benjamin Weil of St. Helena Parish, Louisiana. The contract, witnessed by Dr. Wellington W. Carter and Abraham Frank, was executed before Notary Public C.D. Strickland Jr. on May 2, 1853, in Greensburg, Louisiana. The sale price was $500.

Two-page debt instrument detailing monies owed by Thomas and Patrick Grant to Samuel Vernon of Newport, Rhode Island. Witnessed by Naphtali Hart and Daniel Vernon. Dated March 12, 1745.

Deed of sale for an enslaved female for $1500, from Isaac Levy to George B. Shepherd in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, dated November 7, 1855, and recorded November 19, 1855. The deed provides details of the sale and identifies the enslaved person.

Deed of sale for an enslaved woman, dated May 22, 1855, in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana. The deed, executed by Isaac Levy, records the sale for $1500.

Envelope addressed to General John L. Manning at home. The envelope also bears the inscription "By servant of N. Du Boise" and a possible signature of F. J. Moses on the side. The envelope dates to September 1, 1861.

Manuscript expense account detailing the costs of suppressing a rebellion of enslaved people in Jamaica in 1705. The document lists individuals and the amounts they paid towards the military expenses, including Aaron Portello, Simon Pasco, and Joseph Desilva. Signed by Thomas Wood, General of the Island. This document is significant for its potential connection to early Jewish settlers in Jamaica and their involvement (however indirect) in the slave trade.

This book contains ten sermons delivered during a period of national crisis in the early months of 1861, following Abraham Lincoln's election and the secession of South Carolina but before the attack on Fort Sumter. The sermons represent diverse viewpoints on the issues of slavery and national unity, with contributions from clergymen in both the soon-to-be Confederate States and Union States. Notably, the collection includes the controversial sermon "Bible View of Slavery" by Morris Jacob Raphall, offering a pro-slavery interpretation of scripture. Other prominent contributors include James Henley Thornwell, Benjamin Morgan Palmer, Robert Lewis Dabney, Robert Jefferson Breckinridge, Henry Jackson Van Dyke, and Thomas Lewis. The compilation provides a valuable snapshot of religious and political thought during a pivotal moment in American history.

This volume contains four bound works printed by Christopher Sower (Sauer) in Germantown, Pennsylvania, circa 1759-1760. The works include: "The Way to the Sabbath of Rest," "The Journeys of the Children of Israel," "Discourse on Mistakes concerning Religion, Enthusiasm, Experiences," and "Observations on the Enslaving, Importing and Purchasing of Negroes." This collection is notable for its association with the Sower printing family and for containing an early anti-slavery treatise. This volume was owned by four generations of the Franks family, prominent Jewish individuals in New York and Philadelphia.

An insurance policy issued by the Southern Mutual Life Insurance Company of Columbia, South Carolina, on May 4, 1863, insuring two enslaved persons, Martha (18 years old) and Eva (15 years old), owned by Samuel Levy of Columbia, Georgia. This policy is considered the only known extant Civil War-era insurance policy for enslaved people owned by a Jewish person.

Manuscript invoice detailing the expenses of B. H. Jacobs incurred on behalf of the estate of A. McRae on January 8, 1842, in Charleston, South Carolina. The invoice primarily lists shipping-related costs and includes a charge of $1.00 for "dinner for Negros." B. H. Jacobs may have been part of a prominent Jewish family in Charleston and served as an agent for Holmes & Co. at the wharf. The invoice suggests the shipment of slaves and other goods from Jacksonville, Florida to Charleston for the McRae estate.

Ledger sheet detailing the account of Solomon Cohen with Hill Dickinson & Co., Augusta, Georgia, dated February 25, 1863. This document records the transaction for 16 slaves and includes payments to Jacob Davis of Petersburg, VA. Solomon Cohen is listed in Augusta and Atlanta. This is considered an important record related to Jewish slave traders in the American South.

A two-and-a-half-page legal document penned and signed by Judah P. Benjamin on February 10, 1838, in New Orleans, Louisiana. The document is a petition on behalf of Millander against Elias Polock concerning the sale of a slave whose propensity to run away was not disclosed.

Two legal documents, written in French, detailing an inquest at Michilimackinac on August 20, 1801. The documents consist of witness depositions concerning the sale of enslaved people (both Black and Indigenous). The commission investigating the matter included Ezekiel Solomons, Joseph Laframboise, and David Mitchell. The documents are part of a larger case in the Court of King's Bench for the district of Montreal.

A brief letter written by A. H. Bund from Graham, North Carolina, to an unidentified recipient in Richmond, Virginia, dated April 25, 1860. The letter mentions a "very dull negro market." The Davis family of Richmond, known slave dealers, are referenced. The letter is part of the collection Arc.MS.56, Box 7, Folder 3.

A commercial letter written by Charles Smith & Co. in New York, New York to William Vernon in Newport, Rhode Island on September 27, 1794. The letter mentions enclosed bills and notes, and references Nathan Phillips and Charles De Wolfe. William Vernon is noted as the largest slaver in the U.S.

Three-page business letter from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, dated March 29, 1824. The letter details sales, prices, and mentions an inquiry from Mr. Gomez.

Letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Edward Pollock & Co. in New York, New York, dated November 27, 1822. The letter pertains to commercial dealings between the two parties and references D. Hart. A stampless cover from Richmond is included.

A one-page business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on October 27, 1825. The letter discusses the shipment of tea and stout and requests that Tobias & Co. cease business dealings with a certain Jones, deemed too difficult.

Two-page business letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated October 1, 1824. The letter discusses business sales, personal matters, and includes a prayer request.

This archival item consists of a single, stampless letter dated November 15, 1825, written by David Judah of Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias. The letter discusses blankets, woolens, and other mercantile items, suggesting a business relationship between the two individuals. Judah mentions his poor health, detailing symptoms of gout, headaches, and fever. Accompanying metadata references additional letters in the collection from David Judah to Reverend Isaac Leeser. Also included is information about a July 5, 1822, advertisement in the *Richmond Enquirer* for a Jewish-owned business including David Judah, Edward Pollack, and Tobias L. Tobias. David Judah is noted as an auctioneer who dealt in slaves, referencing Bertram Korn's *Jews and Negro Slavery 1789-1865*.

This two-page letter, dated November 8, 1815, from Isaac Cohen in Savannah, Georgia, to Moses Brown in Newburyport, Massachusetts, discusses the rice and cotton trade. It includes an unlisted broadside announcing Cohen's entry into the commission business on October 27, 1815, and lists prices for rum, sugar, molasses, and treasury notes. The letter is signed "Isaac Cohen & Co." and bears a 37 1/2 cent war-rate stamp on the envelope.

A three-and-a-half-page letter written by J. Hamilton Criper near Darien, Georgia, to Francis P. Cubin on October 4, 1855. The letter discusses the sale of slaves and mentions Jacob Cohen, a prominent slave dealer in Charleston, South Carolina, who appraised the slaves. The letter highlights Cohen's significant role in the slave trade.

A two-page letter from Judah Touro in New Orleans, Louisiana to David Hart in New York City, dated September 1, 1835. Touro discusses problems with a runaway slave. Hart was a long-time friend and business associate of Touro. Letters with personal content from Touro are extremely rare.

This letter, dated June 25, 1829, was written by Moses Myers of Norfolk, Virginia, to James Nimmo. Myers details a contribution to the American Colonization Society for the transportation of freed slaves from Virginia to Africa and requests that his name be withheld. The letter highlights Jewish involvement in the Colonization Society and offers insights into the social and political climate of Norfolk, Virginia, in 1829.

Four-page letter written by Moses N. Nathan on May 23, 1863, from Kingston, Jamaica, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter offers insights into Nathan's views on slavery and the American Civil War, commenting on the labor force in Jamaica and the impact of the war. This is one of four letters in the collection from Nathan to Leeser.

A half-page letter dated January 27, 1829, from the Farmers Bank of Virginia in Richmond to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter addresses an inquiry about the debt owed by David Judah & Co. to the bank, indicating that the debt is small and being paid off. This correspondence is the last in the Tobias Collection referencing David Judah, whose firm dissolved in 1828, after which he moved to Baltimore.

A one-quarter page commercial letter sent from Whitwell Bond & Co. in Boston, Massachusetts to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on February 21, 1825. The letter forwards a remittance draft from David Judah & Co.

This book, published in 1843, is a collection of letters written by Maria L. Childs detailing her travels and observations in New York. Childs's letters cover a range of topics, including her visit to a German synagogue in September 1841 (pp. 25-35), slavery, Native Americans, and daily life in the city. This is a first edition.

Handwritten manumission document granting freedom to a slave named Peter in Charleston, South Carolina on March 11, 1807. The document includes multiple signatures, and is a copy of the original, indicating Peter's ownership of the document. The text is written on both sides of the paper.

Marriage license authorizing the marriage of Alexander Barksdale and Hester Stephenson, two formerly enslaved people, in Talbot County, Georgia. Issued April 11, 1868, and witnessed by a Justice of the Peace on April 26, 1868.

This volume contains two narratives of maritime disasters. The first, "An Authentic Narrative of the American Brig Commerce, Wrecked on the Western Coast of Africa, in the Month of August, 1815," by James Riley, details a shipwreck, subsequent enslavement, and eventual rescue. Published in New York by the author in 1818, this third edition includes ten copperplate engravings and a folding map (partially missing). The book offers a firsthand account of the author's experiences, including observations on the social hierarchy among captives, noting the position of Jews within the system. The second narrative, "A Narrative of the Shipwreck of the Ship Oswego, on the Coast of South Barbary," by Judah Paddock, recounts the shipwreck of the Oswego off Cape Verde in 1800, the subsequent imprisonment by Arabs, and the crew's eventual release. This first edition, published in New York by Collins & Co. in 1818, details Paddock's ordeal, including a mutiny and captivity. Both narratives provide valuable historical insights into maritime disasters, slavery, and captivity in the early 19th century.

Newspaper clipping from the *New-York Times*, published in New York, New York, on January 5, 1861. The clipping summarizes a sermon by Rev. Dr. Raphael on slavery, which was apparently misunderstood. The article appears on page 3, occupying approximately 1.5 columns.

Issue of the New-York Tribune newspaper published in New York, New York on January 5, 1861. This issue includes a summary of Reverend Dr. Raphael's misunderstood sermon on slavery.

Partially printed legal document from New Orleans, Louisiana, attesting to the sale of an enslaved woman to Isaac Bloom on August 7, 1858. The document details the woman's age (approximately 31), her medical condition (chronic swelling and ulceration of the legs), and the sale price ($850, with a down payment of $500 and the remaining $350 paid over time). The document also includes the consent of the seller's wife, Rosanna Marks.

Ten-page notarized document detailing the estate of Esther Hunt, totaling $13,289.75. Includes a list of household slaves purchased from Jacob Nainez Cardozo and names numerous other Jewish executors and beneficiaries, including I. Philips, David & Joe Van Ostern, Sarah Van Ostern, Bernard Cohen, Benjamin & Henry Florence, and L. Barnett. Authored by A. Barnett as Notary Public on August 7, 1849. The document offers a glimpse into the lives of prominent New Orleans Jewish community members in the 1840s.

A note payable signed by Naphtali Hart, factoring a note from William Vernon of London, dated April 2, 1743, with a related transaction from January 23, 1745, between William Vernon and Naphtali and Samuel Hart. This financial record reflects early transatlantic commercial activity and indicates high interest rates in the period. The document originates from Newport, Rhode Island.

This document is a record of a speech delivered by Judah P. Benjamin to the United States Congress on February 11, 1859, concerning the acquisition of Cuba. The speech addresses major issues of states' rights and slavery within the context of the potential annexation of Cuba. The document appears to be a printed excerpt from the Congressional Record.

This 24-page pamphlet, published in Amsterdam in 1863, contains two ordinances related to the transition from slavery to a system of indentured servitude in Suriname following the abolition of slavery in 1863. The first ordinance addresses the control of the introduction of free laborers. The second ordinance details the government's offer of premiums to incentivize the recruitment of these laborers. While printed in Amsterdam, the text is in English. This pamphlet provides valuable insight into the complex socio-economic dynamics of post-emancipation Suriname.

A pamphlet alleging instructions by Judah P. Benjamin regarding the secret purpose of rebellion to revive the international slave trade. Intercepted instructions to L.Q.C. Lamar are mentioned. The pamphlet, dated 1863, was printed by C. Sherman. WorldCat lists numerous copies of this pamphlet, which is likely a hoax.

This pamphlet, printed by C. Sherman in 1863, alleges to present intercepted instructions from Judah P. Benjamin, Confederate Secretary of State, to L.Q.C. Lamar, Confederate minister to Russia. The instructions detail resisting any treaty obligating the Confederacy to outlaw the international slave trade. Benjamin argued that this power resided with individual states, not the federal government. The pamphlet includes editorials from the National Intelligencer, a Washington D.C. newspaper, asserting the letters' authenticity and claiming the Confederacy aimed to revive the international slave trade. WorldCat lists numerous copies of this pamphlet. The authenticity of the letters is questionable and may be a hoax.

This broadside is a program for a special prayer service held at the Neveh Shalom Synagogue in Paramaribo, Suriname, on Wednesday, July 1, 1863, to commemorate the emancipation of slaves. The program is bilingual, featuring both Dutch and Hebrew. It details the order of service and likely includes prayers and readings relevant to the occasion.

Printed receipt for the sale of an enslaved person named Bella, age 11, for $940. The receipt is signed by M. Cohen and dated September 2, 1832, in Savannah, Georgia. This document offers valuable insight into the little-documented practice of Jewish involvement in the slave trade in the antebellum South.

Signed receipt from Moses Levy acknowledging receipt of a consignment of wine and rum aboard the ship Molly, totaling 1040 pounds sterling. The receipt is dated August 23, 1745, in Newport, Rhode Island. The ship Molly was owned by the Vernon brothers and was involved in the transatlantic slave trade.

A receipt dated December 15, 1746, issued by merchant Remington on the order of Solomon Isaacs from William Vernon, a known slaver based in Newport, Rhode Island. Solomon Isaacs was likely the son of Asher Isaacs, a New York City merchant who died around 1757.

Issue of the Richmond Enquirer newspaper from Richmond, Virginia, dated July 5, 1822. This issue contains an advertisement for a Jewish-owned business and reports on a fire that damaged several businesses in the city, including the hatter's shop of Mr. Solomon Marks.

Legal document detailing the sheriff's sale of an amulatto boy for $825 to Franklin J. Moses in Charleston, South Carolina on December 1, 1839. The document originates from Sumter, South Carolina.

Legal document detailing the sheriff's sale of three enslaved African Americans for $800 to Franklin J. Moses in Sumter and Charleston, South Carolina on April 26, 1841. The document provides details of the sale and the parties involved.

A government slave shipment form dated June 19, 1860, documenting the transportation of four enslaved individuals from Savannah, Georgia, to New York, New York, aboard the ship Augusta. The form certifies that the enslaved individuals were not imported after 1808 and details their owners, Abraham Minis, M. I. Cohen, and I. A. Winkler, all Jewish merchants. The document measures 18.5" x 13.75" unfolded. It includes details about each enslaved person, including their sex, age, height, and description.

Shipping manifest dated May 29, 1793, detailing the shipment of goods from Moses Myers in Norfolk, Virginia, to Thomas Robinson in Havre de Grace, Maryland. The manifest lists 23 enslaved people as cargo.

Printed receipt for the sale of an enslaved person named Lucie. The receipt, dated November 8, 1864, was issued by Solomon Cohen, a slave dealer in Augusta, Georgia. The buyer was Deighen & Baker. The receipt states that six thousand dollars were paid in full for the purchase of the enslaved person. Solomon Cohen's business address is listed as Ellis Street, Augusta, GA. This document is noted as rare and is referenced in Bertram Korn's *Jews & Negro Slavery in the Old South*, page 45. A similar document sold at auction for $9,585.

Congressional Record - KANSAS BILL. SPEECH OF HON. J.P. BENJAMIN, OF LA., DELIVERED IN SENATE OF UNITED STATES ON THURSDAY, MARCH 11, 1858. SLAVERY PROTECTED BY THE COMMON LAW OF THE NEW WORLD. GUARANTIED BY CONSTITUTION. VINDICATION OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE U.S. Washington: Gideon. 1858. A brilliant justification of the Dred Scott decision by the Louisiana lawyer and Senator, who also rebuts Stephen Douglas's Popular Sovereignty doctrine, that inhabitants of a territory had the power to vote slavery up or down, as they saw fit. Benjamin argues, "independently of the authority of the [Dred Scott] decision," that the early colonists "brought with them the common law of England as their birthright...I shall not hazard too much in the assertion that slavery was the common law of the thirteen States of the Confederacy at the time they burst the bonds that united them to the mother country." He supports his thesis with much detail, including the early law and custom of England, aspects of the Dred Scott decision, and in colloquy with Senator Fessenden of Maine. Benjamin's theoretical work presaged the escalation of Southern demands for Congress to pass Slave Codes which would prohibit, not merely Congress, but a territorial legislature as well, from restricting slavery in the territories; and require Congress to protect slaveholders from hostile territorial inhabitants should such a legislature fail to do so. This is evidently the only edition of this work. FIRST EDITION. Sabin 4705. LCP 1093. Not in Work, Harv. Law Cat., Singerman, Eberstadt, Decker, Blockson, Marke, BEAL.

Partly-printed tax receipt document signed by G.W. Lancaster. The receipt, dated January 1, 1837, details the taxes owed by Emanuel Rohelia on his eleven enslaved persons. Printed at the Mississippi Free Trade office. One page, measuring 6-3/4 x 3 inches.

This pamphlet, published in Philadelphia in 1863 by C. Sherman, Son & Co., alleges that the secret purpose of the Confederate rebellion was to revive the international slave trade. It purports to reveal intercepted instructions to L.Q.C. Lamar, detailing plans to circumvent treaty stipulations against the slave trade with European powers. Authorship is attributed to Judah P. Benjamin, though the authenticity of the document is questionable. The pamphlet reflects the anxieties and propaganda surrounding the American Civil War.

Pamphlet titled "The African slave trade: the secret purpose of the insurgents to revive it. No treaty stipulations against the slave trade to be entered into with the European powers... intercepted instructions to L.Q.C. Lamar; insures reader that the secret purpose of rebellion is to revive international slave trade." Alleged instructions by Judah P. Benjamin, possibly a hoax. Printed in 1863 by C. Sherman. WorldCat lists numerous copies.

Pamphlet alleging instructions by Judah P. Benjamin regarding the revival of the international slave trade, likely a hoax. Printed by C. Sherman in 1863. The pamphlet claims that the secret purpose of the rebellion is to reinstate the international slave trade and warns against treaty stipulations against it with European powers. WorldCat lists numerous copies of this pamphlet.

Newspaper advertisement from the *Independent Gazetteer, Or, the Chronicle of Freedom*, published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 22, 1783. The advertisement is by Haym Salomon and concerns the sale of two slaves. News regarding the British abandoning New York City is also included.

This book is a third edition reprint of Peter Still's slave narrative, recounting his experiences of over forty years of enslavement in Kentucky and Alabama, ultimately gaining his freedom with the assistance of Jewish merchants Isaac and Joseph Friedman. Published in 1856, it is notable for highlighting the participation of Jews in the antebellum anti-slavery movement. The narrative includes an introduction by Rev. Samuel J. May and an appendix by William H. Furness, D.D. The book was printed by E. O. Jenkins and published by William T. Hamilton in Syracuse, New York.

Issue of The Post Boy newspaper from London, England, dated September 3, 1726. An article on the front page details the release of an English ship captured en route from London to New York, noting that eleven Hollanders, five Jews, and a Jewess were taken into slavery. The article highlights the vulnerability of Jews traveling at sea due to lack of governmental protection.

Trade card advertising the slave trading business of Davis, Deupree & Co. in Richmond, Virginia. The card reads: "DAVIS, DEUPREE, & CO., will give their entire attention to the sale of Negros, publicly and privately, Odd Fellows' Hall, corner of Mayo and Franklin Street." This rare card is the only known card from R. H. Davis, a member of a Jewish family of slave dealers based in Richmond. Robert H. Davis and William S. Deupree opened their “Negro Bazaar” auction rooms in Richmond’s Odd Fellows Hall in 1859. The firm was short-lived, bankrupted early in the Civil War. The card is printed on glossy stock and is estimated to date from circa 1850-1855. The Davis family were well-known slave dealers in Petersburg and Richmond, Virginia, with the first generation (Benjamin, Ansley, George, and Solomon Davis) selling slaves beginning in 1838.

A collection of lithographs depicting scenes from Surinam (Dutch Guiana) published in Brussels in 1839. The lithographs, by Pierre Jacques Benoit, illustrate various aspects of life in Surinam, including markets, shops, workshops, and interactions between Europeans and the local population. The work includes depictions of Jewish merchants and commentary on slavery.

Issue of the *Winyaw Intelligencer* newspaper, published in Georgetown, South Carolina on May 1, 1830. This issue contains notices from Soloman Cohen regarding tax payments for free persons of color in 1828 and 1829. Advertisements for escaped slaves are also featured.