Subject: Shipping

Commercial letter dated October 30, 1849, from David Gratz to James Alport. The letter, which includes a shipping invoice, details items shipped and their prices by Wane & Beidelman. The letter also contains personal comments. The letter is postmarked Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with a blue 5-cent cds.

This ledger documents the business transactions of an unidentified Philadelphia merchant from August 31, 1784, to August 23, 1788. The 438-page manuscript ledger contains hundreds of entries detailing exchanges of imported and domestic goods, payments received, and accounts settled. Many transactions involve the shipping trade. The ledger includes numerous entries related to prominent Jewish merchants in Philadelphia, providing valuable insight into their commercial activities during this period. The book is bound in full brown reverse calf, and shows signs of age and wear.

Bill of lading documenting the shipment of two cases of hats from C. B. Alsaton in New York, New York to Meussdorffer & Bros. in San Francisco, California on March 9, 1876. The document details the origin and destination of the shipment.

Bill of lading for a shipment of hogsheads of tobacco and other tobacco products from Bermuda Hundred, Virginia to Le Havre, France. The bill of lading, dated May 1, 1832, was issued by Moses Myers of Norfolk for the estate of Stephen Girard of Philadelphia. The vessel used was the *Elizabeth Smith*. The document measures 5 1/2" x 10 1/4".

Bill of lading for the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias, a member of a well-known Jewish merchant family, to Richmond. The document was printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York, New York. Jackson was a well-known Jewish printer. An eagle logo is present on the document. Dated October 25, 1835. This is 1 of 5 related documents.

Billhead detailing the stores to outfit the sloop Molly, sold to Master Joseph Rodman by Naphtali Hart on February 12, 1746, in Newport, Rhode Island. The inventory includes a significant quantity of codfish and oil, suggesting a long voyage. The Molly was a slaver owned by the Vernons.

Bill of lading from Curtis & Bliss in East Saginaw, Michigan, dated June 25, 1861, for shipment of 39 bundles of rags to Koch, Levi, & Mayer in Cleveland, Ohio. The billhead has a printed header, ornate lettering, and details of the business address and transaction.

Billhead from Chas. Dahlmann located at No. 7 Customs House Block, 413 Sacramento Street, San Francisco, California. The billhead is dated June 28, 1866 and features a vignette of a clipper ship. The description also mentions Mrs. Adolph Roos, who was active in Jewish charities.

Billhead from Greenwood, Newbauer, & Klein located at 207 & 209 Sansome Streets, San Francisco, California. The billhead is dated June 16, 1865, and indicates payment is payable in gold coin or its equivalent. It includes a revenue stamp and is related to a steamship.

Billhead from Judah Touro & Co., dated March 1, 1857. The billhead is related to business operations at Alabama Landing, Louisiana. The billhead references the steamer Judah Touro, named after the prominent Jewish merchant of New Orleans.

Billhead of Mayer/ Loewenstein, a New York City firm established in 1846. The billhead features a lithograph of sailing ships. The address listed is 80 Beckman Street, New York, New York. Date: May 1, 1886.

Billhead from November 5, 1886, issued by Olcovich Brothers, importers in San Francisco, California, to Rosenberg Brothers in Nevada City, California. The billhead features an illustration of a sailing ship. The Olcovich brothers, Hyman, Joseph, Herman, and Benjamin, immigrated to Carson City, Nevada from Prussia in the early 1860s and established a successful dry goods business. They later expanded into other ventures, including a saloon, drug store, jewelry store, and a Chinese wash house. Isaac and Selig Olcovich, sons of Hyman Olcovich, published the semi-weekly newspaper *The Sun* from June 1889 to July 1891.

Billhead from W & I Steinhart located at 12 Battery Street. The billhead features a vignette of a clipper ship and specifies payment in U.S. gold. The bill was made out to A. Cohen. Date: May 25, 1868.

Billhead or waybill documenting the transportation of ten boxes of spices via steamboat "Alabama" from New Orleans to Natchez on December 18, 1821. The waybill was signed by Samuel Rogers (master) and George Evans. Printed by Benjamin Levy & Company, New Orleans, the billhead features a small vignette of ships at sea. William M. F. Saul shipped the spices to Gabriel Tichnor. This is considered one of the earliest examples of printing by Benjamin Levy & Company. Benjamin Levy (1786-1860) was the son of Simeon Levy, a Hebrew teacher at Shearith Israel in New York City. He was a prominent New Orleans publisher (1822-1841), and one of the first American Jews to combine printing, publishing, and selling books. His name first appeared on a title page in 1817 as B. Levy and Co., Booksellers, New Orleans. He announced his printing venture in 1821.

Printed broadside documenting the port of entry for merchandise shipped by T. I. Tobias, a Jewish merchant, from New York to Alexandria, Virginia. The document was printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York, New York, on October 19, 1835. It features an eagle logo.

Printed letter on pink stock, addressed to shippers, explaining the reliability of Weil Bros. & Co. for shipping furs. The broadside was issued in Fort Wayne, Indiana on November, 1894.

Printed 8 x 12 official U.S. Government Customs form for the "District of Phila." detailing Charles Hyneman's services as Inspector of Customs for the three months ending October 1, 1840. The form lists various vessels and itemizes his services. Dated October 1, 1840. Shows Hyneman's signature as "Inspector."

This collection comprises 24 miscellaneous letters from the Tobias family archive, spanning the years 1843-1865. The letters, written between various members of the Tobias family and their associates, discuss personal and business matters, including family health, shipping, money issues, and general news. Geographic locations mentioned include Liverpool, England; New York, New York; Charleston, South Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Paris, France; and Cheltenham, England. Addresses mentioned in the letters include Board Street, New York, NY; 29 Nassau Street, New York, NY; Bleecker Street, New York, NY; Broad Street, New York, NY; and 38 Harley Street, London, England. The collection provides insight into the lives and business dealings of a Jewish merchant family in the mid-19th century.

First American edition of Joshua Montefiore's groundbreaking legal work, published in Philadelphia by James Humphreys in 1803. This octavo volume contains approved forms for business transactions and an appendix on legal principles related to bills of exchange, insurance, and shipping. Montefiore, a Jewish attorney, significantly revised this edition for an American audience, incorporating notes and legal principles specific to the United States. This precedes the three-volume 1804 edition owned by Thomas Jefferson.

Commercial letter and bill of lading concerning a shipment of pecans from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York. The letter, dated between January 15, 1842 and January 10, 1843, details a transaction between Henry Tobias and L. C. Mygatt. The documents are written in English.

A commercial letter sent from Bridge, Rayburn & Co. in St. Louis, Missouri to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York, on January 1, 1831. The letter, sent via the ship Huntsville, concerns an invoice for copper.

This excerpt from the Congressional Record, dated July 10, 1882, discusses a committee report recommending relief for David Mordecai & J. Randolph Mordecai. The Mordecais were involved in the shipping business between Baltimore, Maryland and Charleston, South Carolina, and had been illegally charged a postal entry fee. The report favors granting them relief.

This legal document, dated August 27, 1752, is a contract between Moses Levy and William Vernon outlining a partnership for the construction of a ship in Swansea, Massachusetts. The contract, written in Newport, Rhode Island, details payment terms involving cash, West India goods, and European goods. The document provides insight into the business practices of the time and the involvement of prominent figures in colonial America.

Trade token advertising the business of Edward Kanter, a grocer, produce dealer, and ships chandler in Detroit, Michigan. The token is described as showing an Indian head on the obverse and details of his business on the reverse. It's noted as being a rarity and the first Jewish banker in Detroit. The token dates to 1863.

Envelope addressed to Tobias Hendricks in Charleston, South Carolina, postmarked June 10, 1860. The envelope features a red handstamp advertisement for Mordecai & Co., steamship agents in Baltimore and Charleston. The envelope contains no internal contents.

Envelope addressed to the Steamer Judah Touro in New Orleans, Louisiana. The envelope features an advertising oval of the ship. Dated circa 1863.

Envelope addressed to Kleckner, Shimer & Co. at 15 South Water Street, Philadelphia. The business was established in 1863. The envelope is dated January 1, 1884.

Export/Import Certificate issued to Joshua Moses for the exportation of goods from the Port of New York and for the importation of goods into Philadelphia. Dated March 2, 1832.

Four-page ledger sheet detailing work done on a vessel, "Brigeteen," for John Waren, Captain. The account shows payments made by Moses Levy and William Vernon to Timothy Peckham, suggesting a business partnership between Vernon and Levy. Detailed entries across three pages, with the fourth page serving as a docket. The record was created in Newport, Rhode Island, on September 19, 1752.

Receipt detailing expenses to supply the Brig Polly, shared equally between William Vernon and Moses Levy. The document suggests a partnership between Vernon and Levy, with each contributing 300 pounds. The Brig Polly was involved in the slave trade. This receipt was likely created in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on December 2, 1752.

Manifest detailing the cargo (silk handkerchiefs) from Canton to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with duties, bonded by the Etting brothers on March 10, 1827. The document originates from Baltimore, Maryland.

Postal card freight bill receipt from the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company for the shipment of a roll of carpet. Sent from Watrous, New Mexico to Mora, New Mexico on September 16, 1888 to Lowenstein, Strause & Co., prominent Jewish merchants in New Mexico. The card features a Todsen Type 7 oval split ring date stamp in purple.

Three-page printed and handwritten legal document concerning claims for the salvage of an insured ship. Includes an affidavit signed by Abraham Touro and the seal of John Gardner. Issued in Boston, Massachusetts on February 19, 1807.

An invoice and envelope documenting a transaction between Crofut, Knapp & Solmans of New York, New York and J. C. Meussdorffer & Bro of San Francisco, California on April 26, 1873. The invoice, written on the envelope, details a charge for four cases at $414.50. The envelope is addressed from New York, New York to San Francisco, California.

Manuscript invoice detailing the expenses of B. H. Jacobs incurred on behalf of the estate of A. McRae on January 8, 1842, in Charleston, South Carolina. The invoice primarily lists shipping-related costs and includes a charge of $1.00 for "dinner for Negros." B. H. Jacobs may have been part of a prominent Jewish family in Charleston and served as an agent for Holmes & Co. at the wharf. The invoice suggests the shipment of slaves and other goods from Jacksonville, Florida to Charleston for the McRae estate.

Invoice from Levi & Briavion in Veracruz, Mexico, dated October 9, 1834. The invoice details a shipment of goods to Philadelphia.

Invoice or folio bill presented to Captain James Cahoone of the sloop Molly by Naphtali Hart on August 1, 1746 in Newport, Rhode Island. The invoice details over 24 entries, including a payment by Moses Levy for flour. The document measures 12" x 7.5" and is folded in two. Hart's name appears at the head and back of the sheet.

Check issued by L. Woldenberg & Co. to W. Davis for an unspecified amount on June 1, 1888. The check references Cedarville and San Francisco, California. The check's design includes a ship vignette.

One-page handwritten ledger sheet (14.5 x 12 inches) detailing the cargo of the brig Sally, owned by Aaron Lopez, on a trading voyage. The sheet, likely created in Newport, Rhode Island on October 1, 1767, itemizes the outgoing cargo (oxen, sheep, shingles, turpentine, tallow, and spermaceti candles) and the returning cargo (hogsheads of rum). The accounts balance at 919 pounds sterling, 14 shillings, and ten pence, including Captain Nathaniel Briggs' 10% commission. While not explicitly stated on this ledger, the brig Sally was also involved in the transatlantic slave trade, transporting slaves from Africa to the West Indies. Aaron Lopez (1731-1782) was a wealthy merchant and leader in the Newport Jewish community. Captain Nathaniel Briggs made at least three voyages for Lopez between 1766 and 1772.

Autograph document double-signed by Aaron Lopez. One-page ledger sheet (11 x 14 inches) detailing sales to Messrs. Samuel & Wm. Vernon between July 5, 1765, and March 24, 1767. The document itemizes various goods sold, including rum, spermaceti candles, nails, and flour, with errors noted and corrected in the final accounting. Newport, Rhode Island. March 24, 1767.

Ledger sheet detailing the account of Moses Hays with Dr. John Coffin Jones, dated September 20, 1788. The document lists amounts of money owed to Moses Hays by Dr. Jones. The sheet is on laid paper watermarked with a crown and the initials "GR" (likely King George). The account is signed by Moses Hays. Accompanying biographical information details Moses Hays' move from New York to Newport, Rhode Island in 1769, his later move to Boston, his role in the American Revolution, his involvement in shipping and trade with the Far East, and his founding role in the Massachusetts Bank (later BankBoston).

Court document related to the steamship "Meteor", which was seized in a lawsuit. Barnett Levy and A. F. Alfred posted a $1,050 bond to recover the ship. The document details the loss of the steamship by fire in Long View, Louisiana, in 1850, resulting in three deaths. The document is dated January 7, 1848, and originates from Shreveport, Caddo Parish, Louisiana.

A one-page, stampless letter written by A. S. Thornton in Manchester, England, on June 1, 1838, to Mr. Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses insuring goods for shipment to America.

A two-page letter dated June 13, 1768, from Aaron Lopez, Jacob Rodrigues Rivera, Haye Z. Polock, and Nathaniel Hathaway in Newport, Rhode Island, to Captain Nathaniel Hathaway, master of the brigantine The Hope. The letter provides instructions for the delivery of cargo to Captain Joseph Dean in Surinam and outlines alternative procedures if sufficient molasses cannot be procured. The letter also hints at the far-reaching commercial network of Aaron Lopez.

A one-page stampless letter, dated March 7, 1848, from Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia to T. I. Tobias in New York City. Minis discusses unsatisfactory sales of goods, particularly wine, explaining discrepancies in quantities and attributing them to absorption during shipment. He apologizes for the poor results and includes his current prices.

Two-page business letter from Abraham Tobias & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated October 8, 1836. The letter details business matters including a wine shipment, the cholera epidemic, cloth materials, and a draft on books. It concludes with a note from D. C. Levy expressing gratitude for hospitality in New York City.

A letter dated October 3, 1899, written by Ansley D. Cohen to his wife in Maine. The letter, written on Cohen & Wells Ship Brokers and Commission Merchants letterhead, discusses the writer's inability to leave port due to inclement weather. The accompanying envelope also bears the Cohen & Wells letterhead. Cohen inherited the firm from his father, Joseph Cohen. Records indicate the firm's existence as far back as 1872, possibly dating to the Civil War era. The letter details the purchase of six ships. Ansley D. Cohen married Carrie Moise on May 28, 1880.

A business letter dated August 21, 1884, from C. Kraus & Co. in Wheeling, West Virginia, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter discusses a wine shipment received by C. Kraus & Co. The letterhead of C. Kraus & Co. shows their address as #6 & #8 12th Street, Wheeling, West Virginia.

A single-page letter written by Caleb Bull of Hartford, Connecticut, to Aaron Lopez on September 22, 1781. The letter details general business matters concerning rum and dry goods orders, with Bull acting as a seller on Lopez's account. This letter is one of fourteen in a collection spanning June 21, 1779, to October 1, 1781, documenting the mercantile trade between Bull and Lopez, addressing business issues and the complexities of the Continental currency. The letters discuss trade in goods like rum, ostrich plumes, flour, and fish and the challenges of fluctuating currency values. The collection's physical condition shows signs of age, including staining, edge wear, toning, creasing, and some illegibility due to moisture damage. The letter provides insight into the economic challenges of the American Revolutionary period, particularly the depreciation of Continental currency and its impact on trade.

A commercial letter dated November 21, 1857, from the firm Cohen & Fosdick in Savannah, Georgia, to I.G. Weld in Boston, Massachusetts. The letter discusses the cotton market and the state of the river for shipping.

Business letter dated September 3, 1849, from Cohen & Hertz in Salem, Massachusetts, to John E. Gardner in Savannah, Georgia. The letter discusses the shipment of lumber and also mentions the dissolution of one firm and the formation of Cohen & Hertz.

A one-page letter dated November 30, 1821, from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to Edward Pollock in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, including slow trade, a pending shipment of goods, and the anticipated arrival of a ship named 'The Leader'.

One-page letter written by Elbridge Gerry Kimball on October 17, 1848, to Baring Brothers & Co. in London. Kimball details the payment he received from the Russian-American Company for the sale of his ship, the Bark Angola, in Sitka, Alaska. The letter highlights the sale of the ship and the financial transaction involving 20,000 Spanish Dollars.

Letter dated May 24, 1890, from Ferdinand Levy, Deputy Collector at the New York City Custom House, to George Randorf in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter concerns baggage belonging to Benjamin Chercosky, detained in the Empire Warehouse Company's General Orders Stores after his arrival from Brazil on April 15th aboard the S.S. Advance. The letter is written on official letterhead.

A one-page letter dated February 8, 1811, from Gompert S. Gompert in New York City to William Meredith. Gompert informs Meredith that he has assigned the insurance policy for a lost cargo of sugar to Benjamin Jacobs, who will now manage the lawsuit against the Union Insurance Company. Gompert also describes unsuccessful attempts to settle with the insurance company in Philadelphia.

Letter dated December 25, 1770, from the firm of Hays & Polock in Newport, Rhode Island, to the commander of the ship Rising Sun in New York City. The letter requests the delivery of 60 tons of logwood to Michael Gratz.

A two-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, on March 31, 1837, to Thomas Peck. Sent via the packet ship "George Washington," the letter discusses the failures of houses in America within the context of the Panic of 1837.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York, New York on May 28, 1838. Henry details his booked passage on the Great Western, his expected arrival on the 17th (a twelve-day trip), and the cost of his passage (42 pounds). He requests that his arrival be kept quiet.

A two-page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Manchester, England on January 11, 1836, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the arrival of Mr. Peck's shipment in England and Henry's upcoming travel to London and Paris.

A three-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Manchester, England, to his father, T.I. Tobias, in New York, New York, on December 8, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, including cloth samples from Yorkshire, weather conditions affecting shipping delays, Henry's homesickness, and the sending of cheese to be shared with Mr. Hendricks, Uriah, and Henry.

One and one-quarter page letter written by Horace Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 26, 1851. Baldwin discusses the delay of a ship sailing to New Orleans on the 26th and his search for alternative transportation. He mentions his physicians' advice against a more arduous mail route and proposes a meeting in Charleston. Notes mention that Horace E. Baldwin & Co. was a firm, and that prior to moving to New Orleans in 1842, Mr. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey. Further notes indicate that Mr. Baldwin remained in New Orleans until 1853 and acquired much of his silver from New Jersey and New York producers.

A half-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on April 29, 1851. Baldwin describes his ongoing illness (headaches and a severe cold), his absence from the office, and discusses bills of lading. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, NJ, before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and he remained there until at least 1853.

A three-quarter page, stampless letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 17, 1850. The letter discusses a shipment of flags and clocks. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and he appears to have remained there until 1853.

Two and a half page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 27, 1851. The letter details items to be shipped to Tobias. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey before moving to New Orleans in 1842. He appears to have remained in New Orleans until 1853, purchasing much of his silver from producers in New Jersey and New York.

A three-quarter page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 29, 1851. The letter briefly mentions a bill of lading. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before moving to New Orleans in 1842, where he remained until at least 1853, purchasing silver from New Jersey and New York producers.

Two-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on March 27, 1851. The letter primarily concerns a product shipment from Baldwin to Tobias. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before relocating to New Orleans in 1842, and appears to have remained there until 1853, sourcing much of his silver from New Jersey and New York.

A one-and-a-quarter page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 24, 1851. Baldwin discusses the delay of a ship sailing to New Orleans and his meeting with H. Hendricks regarding a delay on notes.

A one and one-quarter page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 24, 1851. Baldwin discusses the delay of a ship sailing to New Orleans and his meeting with H. Hendricks regarding a delay in payments.

Letter written by Isaac Moses to James Duff on June 1, 1786, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Moses outlines the ownership of a Tartar cargo, involving Alexander Hamilton and Nicholas Low of Isaac Moses & Co. The letter details Moses's dissolution of his company on January 1, 1786, and Hamilton's role as his attorney in assuring creditors of his worth. Despite initial assurances, Moses declared bankruptcy the following year.

A one-page letter dated July 10, 1849, from J. S. Cohen in Charleston, South Carolina, to Tobias Isaac Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses a shipment of wine arriving from Madeira aboard the brig Caroline and the necessary procedures for its delivery and forwarding. Cohen details communication with the charterer, Mr. Wm. Depew, and the importance of the bill of lading.

Two-page letter from Jacob Rodriguez Rivera, a Sephardic Jewish merchant and slave trader in Newport, Rhode Island, to Captain Nathaniel Briggs. The letter, dated September 13 and October 14, 1785, discusses the slave trade, including details about recent slave voyages, pricing, and the sale of slaves in South Carolina. The letter was sent via Captain DeWolf of the brig Enterprise, and is a copy of an earlier letter sent via Captain Duncan of the brig Peggy. The letter reveals details about the operations and profitability of the transatlantic slave trade.

A single-page letter written by Josiah Blakeley in Hartford, Connecticut on March 27, 1780, to Aaron Lopez. The letter discusses legal matters before the Admiralty and County Courts, though specifics are not detailed. This letter is one of fourteen in a collection spanning June 21, 1779 to October 1, 1781, concerning trade between Blakeley and Aaron (or Joseph) Lopez. The letters detail business transactions involving rum, ostrich plumes, and other imported goods, as well as the challenges of the Continental currency crisis. The collection displays signs of age and wear, including staining, creasing, and some illegible portions due to moisture damage. The collection also includes background information on the Continental currency crisis of 1779 and Aaron Lopez's life and business dealings.

A commercial letter written by M. Popovich to the Urbana Wine Company in New Orleans, Louisiana on July 17, 1883. The letterhead features the company's address: 3 Ursulines Street & 4 North Peters Street, and its business description: "Groceries, Ship and Plantation Supplies."

One-page letter written on the letterhead of "Office of Martin & Cardozo, Commission Merchants," dated Richmond, Virginia, November 11, 1868. Addressed to Mr. James A. Walker, the letter mentions the shipment of 28 bags of an unspecified item. The letter shows signs of age, including stains and folds.

A commercial letter from Matthew Parker & Co. to Harmon Hendricks in New York City, dated July 30, 1825. The letter, sent from Liverpool, includes an invoice and pertains to copper importation, a significant business for the Hendricks family for five generations.

A commercial letter written by Merew & Greenall in Helena, Nova Scotia, Canada, to Tobias I in London, England, on October 31, 1815. The letter discusses a shipment and appears to be related to cordage transactions. It is a single page from a copy book.

A letter written by Michael Lazarus of Charleston, South Carolina, to Shubael Hutchins in Providence, Rhode Island, on May 7, 1845. Written from Savannah, Georgia, the letter discusses a shipment of damaged cotton, Lazarus's involvement in cotton presses, and the use of steamers on the Savannah River. The letter includes details about cotton prices and the challenges faced by planters due to drought.

A letter dated May 13, 1800, signed by Moses Franks and George Phillips, merchants from the United States, in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. The letter addresses the capture of a seaman by a privateer, noting the absence of an American consul in St. Thomas at the time.

Autograph letter signed by Moses Michael Hays, written in New York City on December 4, 1766, to Martin Gerrison Van Bergen in Albany, New York. The letter pertains to business matters and includes rare postmarks and references to the Western Frontier. This letter represents a rare example from the early stages of Hays' business career.

A single-page letter written by Moses Myer in Norfolk, Virginia, to Robert Patton in Fredericksburg, Virginia, on January 3, 1799. Myer recommends a captain and his ship to Patton. The letter highlights Myer's prominent status as one of the wealthiest men of his time in Norfolk.

A one-half page, stampless letter written on October 22, 1812, by Paul Hamilton of the Navy Department in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Simon Gratz & Brother. The letter discusses a remittance and the inability to accept saltpeter at the stated price. The saltpeter likely refers to that produced in Mammoth Cave, Kentucky.

Four-page letter written on April 14, 1787, by Samuel Sterett, a Baltimore merchant, to General Mordecai Gist in Charleston, South Carolina. The letter discusses business interests, financial problems in Maryland, figures from the American Revolution and government, and alludes to the first case docketed with the United States Supreme Court. The letter mentions Major David Salisbury Franks' return from confidential negotiations connected with the Treaty of Peace and Commerce.

A one-page letter written by Simon Greenleaf to Aaron Lopez in Boston, Massachusetts on September 7, 1772. Greenleaf discusses goods left with Lopez by Captain Richard Bartlett to be sold on his account and inquires about their status. He also offers his services for any business negotiations in Newburyport.

A two-page letter from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to John Lamb in London, England, dated December 5, 1825. The letter discusses the sending of goods to a house in Richmond.

A one-and-a-half page stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on January 24, 1836, to his brother Mike (likely residing in England). The letter primarily discusses business matters concerning shipments of seed, rum, and barley.

Letter dated March 10, 1753, written in Newport, Rhode Island by W. Michael Bland to Brigg & Polly. This letter pertains to an insurance claim on the slave ship Polly, which had 73 slaves aboard and was expected to sell in Jamaica. The letter mentions Moses Levy as a half-owner in the ship's venture.

A one-page letter (8 1/4 x 7 in.; 211 x 178 mm) written in New York on January 15, 1729/30, by William Bradford Jr. to Johann David Wolf. Bradford instructs Wolf to contact Mr. Abrah Sandford and Mr. Gomez in Barbados to inquire about rum shipment and the delivery of money in exchange for flower and bread. The letter contains a chart on the verso in an unidentified hand. The document is signed by William Bradford Jr. and shows some signs of age, including folds and pin-sized holes. Bradford was the grandson of William Bradford, the official printer of the First Continental Congress.

A one-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London, England on June 29, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter provides an update on a shipment in progress, including details.

One-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London, England, on June 22, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter provides an update on a shipment in progress, including details.

A partially printed London Tobacco Warehouse receipt documenting the shipment of tobacco from Maryland aboard the ship Sally, consigned to Emanuel Cortisoz in London. The receipt, dated April 11, 1791, indicates Richard Cromwell of Maryland as the shipper and William Anderson as the London merchant acting as agent. This receipt provides insight into the transatlantic tobacco trade and the involvement of Sephardic Jews in London's mercantile activities. The document measures 18 inches wide by 7.5 inches high.

Manifest for cargo clearing Philadelphia Customs aboard the steamship Pocahontas, dated November 1, 1862. The manifest includes the signature of the captain and details of the cargo. The document is related to Neafie & Levy Ship & Engine Building Co., Philadelphia, PA, a prominent 19th-century iron shipbuilder.

A one-page manuscript letter, measuring 7 x 12.5 inches, written in Newport, Rhode Island on December 7, 1773. Aaron Lopez writes to Captain Brotherton Daggett, captain of the sloop *Two Brothers*, providing instructions for the disposal of cargo at Cape Fear, North Carolina, and the collection of a debt from Colonel William Dry. The letter includes specific instructions for negotiating payment for a promissory note and emphasizes the importance of securing payment. An additional manuscript note added at the lower left suggests a strategy for obtaining payment from Colonel Dry.

Insurance policy No. 1105 for the Schooner Harriet, issued by the Newport Insurance Company in Providence, Rhode Island on April 11, 1804. The policy insured the schooner for $1000 and its cargo for $400 for a voyage from North Carolina to the West Indies. The schooner Harriet, a 106-ton vessel built in 1801, was owned by Augustus, Gilbert, and Philip Chase; Philip Chase served as the Master. The policy is printed on hand-laid paper and measures approximately 15 1/2 x 19 inches. The document is signed by Samuel Elam, president of the Newport Insurance Company. The document's authenticity and the possible Jewish heritage of Samuel Elam are subjects of debate.

Insurance policy No. 1486 issued by the Newport Insurance Company of Providence, Rhode Island on June 10, 1806. This hand-laid paper document (approximately 14 1/2 x 19 inches) insures a vessel under construction in Georgia, destined for New York, owned by Augustus Chace and others from Freetown, Massachusetts. The policy covers the vessel and cargo for fifteen thousand dollars. The policy is signed by Samuel Elam, president.

Insurance policy No. 1788 issued by the Newport Insurance Company in Providence, Rhode Island, on October 26, 1809. This policy insures the sloop *Rover* of Norwich, sailing from Stonington, Connecticut to Wilmington, North Carolina, for a cargo valued at one thousand dollars. The document is printed on hand-laid paper and measures approximately 14 1/2 x 19 inches.

Neutrality certificate drawn up in Boston on June 27, 1800, before Notary Public Samuel Cooper, British Consul Thomas MacDonogh, and Spanish Consul Don Juan Stoughton. This document certifies that merchandise owned by Judah Hays is not owned by any citizen of a belligerent country and will be disposed of by Hays, a citizen of the USA. The certificate is signed by all parties mentioned. This document relates to the Neutrality Act of 1794, which made it illegal for American citizens to wage war against countries at peace with the United States. The act also prohibited foreign warships from outfitting in American waters and established a three-mile territorial limit at sea.

This manuscript, composed by Daniel de Medina, likely copied in the early 19th century from a 1740 original, examines maritime commerce between Spain and its American colonies. It details methods for protecting trade from pirates, the slave trade via foreign entrepreneurs, trade between the American colonies and the Philippines, competition with England and Holland, and strategies to maintain Spain's trade monopoly. Medina, as suggested by the text, was likely a member of the Creole-Spanish elite in Cuba. The manuscript consists of 17 leaves and measures 19.5 cm. It is in very good condition, showing minor stains and its original leather binding.

Official document, signed twice by Abraham Nones (1794-1835), attesting to the oath of principal officers of the U.S.A. schooner "The Good Friends" of Philadelphia. The document includes a consular seal and dates from September 15, 1826, Maracaibo, Columbia. Additional dates mentioned are July 19, 1826, and July 27, 1826, and possibly relate to other legal proceedings connected to this vessel.

Broadside documenting the arrival of cigars from Havana at the port of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on October 1, 1872. The document mentions August Frohmann in relation to the shipment.

A port of entry document from Hendricks & Brothers, indicating a shipment of finished copper to New Orleans, Louisiana. This document is one of three related items and provides insight into the operations of Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent American copper manufacturing firm founded by Harmon Hendricks and his brother-in-law, Solomon Isaacs, in Soho, New Jersey, in 1812. The document highlights the company's role in supplying copper for various uses, including shipbuilding for the U.S. Navy and steamboats. The Hendricks family, originating in Amsterdam, played a crucial role in the development of American industry and maintained a long-standing tradition of Jewish communal involvement in New York City. The document's date is inferred to be between 1812-1838 based on the operational years of Hendricks & Brothers.

A port of entry document from Hendricks & Brothers, indicating the shipment of finished copper from an unspecified location to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The document is dated July 17, 1845. This record is one of one. The Hendricks family, originally from Amsterdam and later based in New York, played a significant role in the American Industrial Revolution through their copper manufacturing. Uriah Hendricks, the patriarch, established a metals business in 1764, and his son Harmon expanded it significantly, establishing a copper rolling mill in Soho, New Jersey, in 1812. The firm supplied copper to prominent figures such as Paul Revere and Robert Fulton and contributed significantly to the US Navy during the War of 1812. The business, known as Hendricks Brothers, remained a prominent Jewish family business in the United States until its closure in 1938.

A port of entry document detailing shipments of finished copper from Hendricks & Brothers to Cincinnati, Ohio. This document is part of a larger collection documenting the history of Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent American copper manufacturing company founded by Uriah Hendricks in 1764 and operating until 1938. The document highlights the company's role in the Industrial Revolution and the American economy. The Hendricks family, originally from Amsterdam, established a successful metals business in New York, transitioning from importing to manufacturing copper, becoming crucial suppliers to prominent figures such as Paul Revere and Robert Fulton. The document also touches upon the family's significant contributions to the Jewish community in New York City.

Record of entry of cloth into Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from Paris, France on May 29, 1878. Shipped from Loeb Feres in Paris to Loeb Brothers, 57 North 3rd Street, Philadelphia. The document is signed by M. Loeb in Philadelphia.

Broadside documenting the port of entry to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for Henry Cohen, importing sealing wax and steel pens. Dated April 11, 1866. Signed by Henry Cohen.

Record of a port of entry for a shipment of Liebig Meat Extract. The shipment originated in London, England on November 30, 1886, and was destined for Eisner and Mendelson in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The consignor was Corneill David & Co. of London.

Record of a port of entry for a ship arriving in New York City from Liverpool on May 6, 1817. The record involves Samuel I. Tobias and John Hudson, indicating a mercantile transaction. This document was part of a larger collection purchased on January 7, 2013, and is cross-referenced with item 20.1132 in Collectify.

Broadside documenting the import of 12 pounds of tea from Canton, China, on the American ship *Isabella* into the Port of New York. The document bears the stamped signature of a revenue inspector and is dated September 1, 1830. It also contains information about Mordecai Manuel Noah's role as a New York City political figure.

A signed portage bill, dated February 19, 1746, from Joseph Rodman, master of the sloop Molly (owned by Moses Levy), acknowledging receipt of payment from Abraham Hart. The document originates from Newport, Rhode Island.

Undated portion of a letter to Michael Gratz from J.C. McPherson, an attorney in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter includes a draft reply in Michael Gratz's hand, signed "B[arnard] & M[ichael] G[ratz]". Notes on the cover refer to a potential investment syndicate, taxes, and a trip to England, mentioning I. Levy, M.M. Hays, and M. Seixas. A quarter of the page is missing; additional notes by Gratz are on the back. Moses Michael Hays (1739-1805) of Boston and Moses Seixas (1744-1809) of Newport, Rhode Island are likely referenced.

Authorization for the arming of the privateer ship Adeline, issued June 26, 1812, in Washington, D.C., by President James Madison and Secretary of State James Monroe. The document lists Isaac Levy and William Weaver as co-owners, authorizing the vessel to carry seven carriage guns and 35 men. The authorization is signed by both Madison and Monroe. The document also mentions Benjamin Craycroft and George W. Tatem.

A receipt signed by Naphtali Hart of Naphtali Hart & Company acknowledging payment from Moses Levy for 75 fathoms of cable. This document reflects commercial activity between two prominent Jewish merchants in Newport, Rhode Island in 1753.

Receipt documenting the sale of 256 tons of coal from the East Boston Forge Co. to A. T. Cohn in Baltimore on August 21, 1869. The receipt includes a revenue stamp. The receipt is suggestive of the shipping of coal from Boston to Baltimore.

Receipt issued on January 13, 1868, by Lehman, Newgass & Co., cotton merchants in New Orleans, Louisiana, acknowledging receipt of cotton bales shipped via the steamboat *Mary* to Mobile, Alabama. The receipt details the quantity and likely the consignee of the shipment.

A receipt issued on October 23, 1867, by Lehman, Newgass & Co., cotton merchants in New Orleans, Louisiana, acknowledging receipt of cotton bales shipped via the steamboat Morgan Lines from Mobile, Alabama. The document provides details of the shipment and is a commercial record reflecting business transactions in the textile industry during the late 19th century.

Receipt documenting a payment of 200 pounds for the transportation of eight guns and shot from Portsmouth to Alexandria on April 22, 1780. The receipt mentions the Brig Ranger, its commander Thomas Johnson, and its owners Daniel Bowley and John McLure of Baltimore, and Thomas Gibbons. The document is from the Archives of Maryland and also mentions the issuance of Letters of Marque and Reprisal to the Brig Ranger.

A page from Captain Joseph Cozzens' receipt book documenting a payment of 74 pounds to Moses Lopez on December 13, 1753, in Newport, Rhode Island. The payment was made on behalf of Aaron Lopez. The receipt is signed by Moses Lopez.

Signed receipt from Moses Levy acknowledging receipt of a consignment of wine and rum aboard the ship Molly, totaling 1040 pounds sterling. The receipt is dated August 23, 1745, in Newport, Rhode Island. The ship Molly was owned by the Vernon brothers and was involved in the transatlantic slave trade.

Printed receipt form documenting a payment by E. Pollock to the Mercantile Line for shipping a box from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York on January 20, 1822. The receipt measures 7.25" x 2".

This document is a section of the Congressional Record from May 31, 1836, detailing a report on a maritime accident that occurred in St. Thomas in 1832. The report highlights the involvement of Nathan Levy, acting as American Counsel in St. Thomas during the case's handling.

Request for insurance on four kegs of furs shipped from Providence, Rhode Island to London aboard the "Hope" by Moses David and Jacob Lopez, circa 1770. The document details the insurance request and includes information about the shipment and the parties involved.

Autograph document (unsigned) from Aaron Lopez, spanning two pages (7 1/2 x 12 inches). Written in Newport, Rhode Island on August 20, 1766, this letter provides sailing orders to Captain Nathaniel Briggs of the brig Sally. The orders detail the sale of the ship's cargo, instructions for managing the proceeds, and explicit directions to acquire and sell slaves in Africa, the West Indies, and Jamaica. The letter also alludes to Lopez's extensive network of contacts across various locations, including the Falkland Islands, the West Indies, Madeira, Lisbon, Gibraltar, Cadiz, and Barbados.

Single printed pro-forma sheet (approx. 6" x 7 ½") shipping document, accomplished in ink by Brotherton Daggitt on November 20, 1771 in Newport, Rhode Island. Daggitt consigns various goods, including menhaden, codfish, salmon, cheeses, and oak staves, to Aaron Lopez for transport to the Windward West Indies aboard Lopez's sloop George. The document details the consignment's contents and terms, specifying that the shipment is "on his own acct. & risque." The document provides insight into the mercantile activities of Aaron Lopez and the trade networks operating in colonial Newport during this period. Additional context notes that menhaden is a type of fish, and that Lopez was involved in spermaceti, candle-making, and the slave trade.

Insurance policy document for the ship "Live Oak" sailing from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Kingston, Jamaica in 1761. The policy, dated June 6 and June 17, 1761, lists Abraham Judah as the insurer, and Benjamin Mifflin, Samuel Massey, and John Ashmead as the insureds. The cargo is not specified. This document is considered possibly the earliest extant American Jewish document where a Jew acted as the insurer.

A large American manuscript shipping document dated May 23, 1812, listing the cargo of several ships, including the Schooner Charles, Sloop Alert, Schooner Alexander, Schooner Endeavour, Brig America, Brig Sturgeon, Sloop Varagon, Sloop Hero, and Brig Dolphin. Cargo includes lemons, rum, coffee, nails, hemp, iron, and "India goods". The document was created in Boston, Massachusetts. Judah Hays is listed as the owner of two kegs of salmon.

Shipping manifest detailing numerous stationary items shipped to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from Liverpoole on August 1, 1851. The shipment is notable for its connection to Henry Cohen, a prominent figure in the Philadelphia Jewish community and father of Mary Cohen. The manifest also references L. Levison.

A shipping receipt documenting the shipment of goods from Liverpool, England to New York, New York on May 10, 1832. The receipt is dated June 18, 1835, and includes the names of T. I. Tobias and John Jay. This item is part of a larger collection of commercial and financial records.

Receipt for goods shipped from Liverpool, England to New York, New York. Issued by the Old Line Liverpool Packets to T. I. Tobias on June 18, 1835. This is part 1 of 2.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of stationary from London, England to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 18, 1857. The recipient is Henry Cohen. The document is a broadside.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of brandy to Samuel Etting in Baltimore, Maryland, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 15, 1883. The record notes Etting's connection to the War of 1812 and his presidency of Congregation Beth Israel in Baltimore.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the barque Louisa Gallagher in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 7, 1842. The record notes Rosengarten as the port of entry and lists boxes of buttons among the cargo. The document includes the names of several individuals associated with the shipment, including Richard L. Howells and Jacob Dewees.

Shipping record detailing insurance for the schooner Charming Sally bound for Georgetown, South Carolina, on October 16, 1787. The policy was written by Isaac Elizer, a Newport, Rhode Island merchant shipper involved in the slave trade. The record includes information on the vessel, cargo, and insurance details.

Shipping document detailing the shipment of goods from Newport, Rhode Island to Tenerife, Canary Islands aboard the sloop Charlotte on July 7, 1769. The document notes the fractional ownership of the voyage among John Andrews, Aaron Lopez, and Solomon Townsend. The cargo included spermaceti candles, flour, corn, stoves, and beeswax. Zebediah Story served as the ship's master. The document's left corner is missing, and it shows slight browning at the edges.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers documenting the shipment of finished copper to Hartford, Connecticut on November 4, 1845. The record also notes the involvement of Hendricks & Isaacs (brother-in-law) and their Soho Copper Refinery in Soho, New Jersey. Part of a larger collection detailing the history of Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent American copper manufacturing firm.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York to New Orleans, Louisiana on December 9, 1845. The record provides details about the port of entry and the shipment of copper products. This is one of three parts of the record.

A shipping record from Samuel Moss & Son in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated April 25, 1833. The record mentions that before John Moss' retirement, the firm was known as J & S Moss. John Moss is described as a leading citizen of Philadelphia.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of merchandise from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Richmond, Virginia on September 3, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record signed by Nathaniel Phillips, Surveyor, in Newport, Rhode Island on November 16, 1798. The document is partially printed and features a "Brandywine" watermark. Nathaniel Phillips and his father were members of the King David Masons Lodge. Further research is needed on Phillips's background; he may have been a Major in the American Revolution.

Partially printed shipping document dated November 30, 1769, detailing goods shipped by Aaron Lopez of Newport, Rhode Island to Richard Ellis, a merchant in New Bern, North Carolina. The document lists a variety of goods including rum, candles, molasses, onions, potatoes, cider, apples, and cloth, illustrating the scope of Lopez's commercial activities.

Manuscript ledger sheet detailing the partnership between Moses Levy and William Vernon for outfitting the sloop Polly in Newport, Rhode Island on June 1, 1751. The document shows a 50/50 cost share between Levy and Vernon for outfitting the vessel. Vernon is noted as the largest slaver in the Americas. The Sloop Polly is a listed slave ship.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Ann in New York City from Liverpool, England on July 11, 1817. The record notes Samuel I. Tobias and John Hudson's involvement in the shipment. This broadside was likely created as part of the customs documentation process upon the ship's arrival in New York.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Aurora in New York City from Liverpool, England on May 24, 1817. The record lists Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias in connection with the shipment.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship *Aurora* from Liverpool, England, to New York, New York, on October 25, 1817. The record indicates Samuel I. Tobias and John Hudson were involved in the shipment. The document's value suggests its importance as a record of commercial activity between England and the United States during that period.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Amity from Liverpool, England to New York, New York, on April 9, 1817. The record indicates Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias as consignees.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Robert Burns in New York City from Liverpool, England on April 26, 1817. The record lists Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias as involved parties. The document was valued as one collection and purchased on January 7, 2013.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Rosalie from Liverpool, England, to New York City on April 25, 1817. The record lists Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias as involved parties. The document is a broadside.

Ledger sheet detailing the cargo manifest of the ship Newport in Norfolk, Virginia, on March 26, 1796. The record lists cargo items and likely includes details of the shipment's origin and destination. The document is a single ledger sheet with entries on both sides. This record was created by Moses Myers.

Shipping record from David Cox to Hendricks & Brothers, documenting a shipment between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York, New York on December 8, 1849. The record, written on a stampless letter, includes the H&B mark and an additional letter.

Partially printed shipping document detailing goods shipped by David Woolf in New York City to Isaac Gomez in Barbados on December 3, 1729, aboard the brig Essex. The document is signed by the brig's master, Thomas Fitch. This is the earliest American shipping document in the collection.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of goods from Liverpool, England to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by Gans Leberman & Co. on May 13, 1856. The record indicates the port of entry and details of the shipment.

Shipping record documenting the arrival of embroidery from Liverpool, England to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 24, 1877. The record indicates the involvement of Guggenheim & Pulaski in the shipment, with M. Guggenheim's signature visible.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of caustic soda from Liverpool, England to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on January 13, 1868 by Guggenheim, Drefuss & Co. The record notes the port of entry as ASD and mentions Myer Guggenheim, founder of the Guggenheim mining empire.

Partially printed and handwritten shipping record detailing imported goods and their value. Signed by Harmon Hendricks and David N. Carvalho. The document lists imported items and their values, and includes annotations on the verso, including a circular stamp and inscription relating to David N. Carvalho, expert in handwriting. Dated June 18, 1799, New York, New York.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers in New York, NY to Brown & Elton in New Haven, CT, detailing the shipment of finished copper. Dated September 10, 1840. The record is part of a larger collection documenting the Hendricks family's copper business, which played a significant role in the American Industrial Revolution.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers in Charleston, South Carolina to New York, New York, dated April 12, 1836. The record pertains to the shipment of finished copper.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, detailing the shipment of finished copper from New York, New York to Hartford, Connecticut on November 8, 1845. The record notes the port of entry and is one of five related documents.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent New York-based copper manufacturing firm, detailing the shipment of finished copper from Hartford, Connecticut to New York, New York on July 15, 1845. The record is part of a larger collection documenting the Hendricks family's significant contributions to American industry.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York to Hartford, Connecticut on April 12, 1836. The record indicates Charles Brainard as the recipient. This document is one of five shipping records in the collection.

Shipping record addressed to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, NY, from L. & I.G. Grinnell in New Bedford, MA, dated June 22, 1849. The letter is written on the document. The Hendricks family was in the copper business for five generations until 1918 and were affiliated with the same synagogue for 200 years.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York to New Haven, Connecticut on August 11, 1836. The record provides details of the port of entry and is part of a larger collection illustrating the business activities of Hendricks & Brothers, a prominent American copper manufacturing firm.

Shipping record from Hendricks & Brothers, documenting the shipment of finished copper from Providence, Rhode Island to New York, New York on July 29, 1845. The record mentions the company's connection to the Soho Copper Refinery in Soho, New Jersey, founded by Hendricks & Isaacs.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of numerous stationary items from Liverpool, England to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between June 17 and August 19, 1857. The record indicates that Henry Cohen & Co. were the shippers, and John Fisher the recipient. The document also notes Levison as attorney for the Cohen family.

Shipping record documenting the arrival of goods or merchandise from Bremen, Germany to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 17, 1860. The record indicates Henry Cohen was involved in the shipment. The document is written in English.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of goods from Hirsh & Bros. in Liverpool, England to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on April 3, 1876. The record notes a date of September 2, 1875, possibly indicating an earlier date related to the shipment's preparation. The document includes details related to the port of entry and the involvement of Mason Hirsh.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of goods from Hirsh & Bros. in Liverpool, England to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 2, 1875. The record details the port of entry and indicates that Leopold Hirsh was involved in the transaction.

Shipping record detailing the import of one case of Muscat wine on the American brig Elbe into New York on February 20, 1830. The record is certified by Mordecai Manuel Noah and includes the names of Theodore Kane and Samuel Swartwout.

Printed insurance policy underwritten in the office of Abraham Touro in Boston, Massachusetts on October 7, 1801, for a shipment to Liverpool, England. The document includes signatures by Abraham Touro and embossed revenue stamps.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of three cases of black silk handkerchiefs from Canton, China, to New Orleans, Louisiana, via Philadelphia. The record indicates that J. Kohn & Bordier, merchants in New Orleans, were the consignees, with payment instructions to Samuel Moses in New Orleans on August 12, 1830. The final destination of the goods was the Rio Grande. The document is signed by Kohn's agent in New Orleans.

Shipping record documenting goods shipped from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Liverpool, England, between September 3rd and 18th, 1821. The record is signed by an agent for R. & I. Phillips, Philadelphia agents for the Rothschilds. The 'P' mark is used by the firm.

Shipping record detailing the transport of 131 gallons of gin from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York. The shipment arrived in New York on July 23, 1861, and was withdrawn by Joseph F. Tobias & Co. on March 31, 1862.

Shipping record detailing the shipment from Havana, Cuba to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 15, 1847. The record indicates Hymen L. Lipman as the shipper and Louisa Gallagher as the recipient. The document includes details about the port of entry and mentions a stationary item (pencil with eraser).

Shipping record documenting the shipment of embroidery from Liverpool, England to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by Loeb & Schoenfeld. The record includes dates of shipment (March 22, 26, and April 8, 10, 1884) and port of entry information.

Shipping record detailing goods shipped from Guangzhou, China, to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on March 12, 1827, by J. Kohn & Bordier, merchants in New Orleans, with their agent's signature. The record indicates that M. C. Ralston & Latimer were also involved in the shipment.

Ledger sheet detailing a cargo manifest from Philadelphia to Richmond aboard the steamship Pennsylvania on September 3, 1853. The record includes information about the shipment and is part of the business records of I. M. Moss & Bro. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Shipping record documenting the arrival of goods at St. Thomas, Virgin Islands on October 11, 1833. The document includes the signatures of Adolphus Millier, J. A. Picolet, and Nathan Levy, who served as the American Consul on St. Thomas from 1818-1836. Levy's signature appears twice on a certificate of landing.

Four-page shipping manifest detailing goods shipped by Moses Myers from Norfolk, Virginia to Boston, Massachusetts on March 24, 1796. The manifest includes 250 hogsheads of tobacco and 17 enslaved people, with a total value of 5066 pounds sterling. The document is signed by Moses Myers.

Shipping record in Spanish detailing a shipment from Benjamin Nones in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Joseph Fernandes in Havana, Cuba, dated December 5, 1810. The document is signed by Benjamin Nones (1757-1826), a prominent figure in Philadelphia's Jewish community and a veteran of the American Revolution.

Bill of lading for a shipment of copper and sugar from Lucea, Jamaica, to D. A. Wetzlar & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Shipped by Nunes Bros. of Montego Bay, Jamaica. Dated April 18-22, 1862. Measures 11" x 17".

One-page manuscript shipping record dated November 10, 1817, detailing the arrival of one bale of old clothes sent to the Providence, Rhode Island Custom House from the schooner Alert, Snow, Master, originating from London, England. The record is signed by Robt. Jackson, Jr., the portmaster at Providence. Recipient listed as Moses Wolf.

Shipping record detailing a shipment of pine lumber from Georgetown, South Carolina to Barbados on October 31, 1857. The record indicates the port of entry and is signed by J & J Levy.

Shipping record documenting goods shipped by R. & I. Phillips of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Veracruz, Mexico on May 4, 1827. The record notes that R. & I. Phillips served as Philadelphia agents for the Rothschilds. The document is signed by David Lyon.

Shipping record from Robert Pollock & Co. in Liverpool, England, dated September 18, 1857. The record mentions the port of entry and features an image of an American eagle. The document is a broadside.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of chemicals from Switzerland to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania via Antwerp, Belgium. The record indicates that Rosengarten & Sons were the consignees and that the shipment arrived on August 27, 1877.

Shipping record detailing the import of various chemicals from Emanuel Merck in Darmstadt, Germany, to Rosengarten & Sons in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between November 15 and December 27, 1873. The shipment originated in Antwerp. This record shows that the chemicals became part of Merck & Co., and it still existed in the late 20th century.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York, New York, and Washington, District of Columbia to Norfolk, Virginia on November 3, 1826. One of five shipping records. The Soho Copper Refinery was founded by Hendricks & Isaacs (brother-in-law) in Soho, New Jersey.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 17, 1826. The record details the port of entry and is one of two related documents. The Soho Copper Refinery, founded by Hendricks & Isaacs (brother-in-law), was a significant contributor to the early American Industrial Revolution.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of 100 barrels of whiskey from New Orleans, Louisiana to Charleston, South Carolina on March 14, 1846, aboard the brig Albert. The record includes a nice print of a ship.

Shipping record detailing the import of goods from Liverpool, England to New York, New York, by Samuel I. Tobias and John Hudson on May 6, 1817. The record indicates the port of entry and likely includes details of the shipment's contents and value.

Shipping record detailing goods imported into New York City by Samuel I. Tobias and T. I. Tobias from Cayez (possibly Puerto Rico) aboard the ship Solon on May 18, 1817. The record includes information about the port of entry and the value of the goods.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of goods from Liverpool, England to New York, New York on April 25, 1817, by Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias aboard the ship Rosalie. This document serves as a record of the shipment's port of entry and its contents.

Shipping record documenting the arrival of goods in New York City from Liverpool, England, on April 26, 1817. The record lists Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias as involved in the transaction. The ship was the Robert Burns. This document is part of a larger collection of business records.

A signed shipping record dated June 12, 1832, documenting goods shipped between J. Kohn & Bordier in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Samuel Moss & Sons in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The record indicates that J. Kohn & Bordier were merchants in New Orleans, shipping goods to Moss in Philadelphia. This broadside is signed by an agent for J. Kohn & Bordier and bears the 'M' mark. The record is mentioned in Korn's book, "The Early Jews of New Orleans," on pages 122/303.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of goods between I. Kohn & Bordier in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Samuel Moss & Sons in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 18, 1832. The record is signed by an agent for I. Kohn & Bordier, a Jewish mercantile firm.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of goods from J. Kohn & Bordier in New Orleans, Louisiana to Samuel Moss & Sons in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 20, 1832. The record is signed by an agent for Samuel Moss & Sons and includes the firm's "M" mark. The document suggests a commercial relationship between Jewish merchants in New Orleans and Philadelphia.

Shipping record documenting goods shipped from Samuel Moss & Sons in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to J. Kohn & Bordier in New Orleans, Louisiana on May 30, 1832. The record is signed by Joachim Kohn, agent for Samuel Moss & Sons. The document includes details about the shipment and is marked with the "M" mark of Samuel Moss & Sons.

Shipping manifest detailing the inland transport of goods from New York City to Philadelphia via New Jersey, arriving December 30, 1806. The manifest includes an oath sworn by Joseph Gratz as collector, attesting to the accuracy of the listed goods. The document is dated December 31, 1806, but refers to the goods' departure from New York on July 20, 1806.

Two shipping documents detailing a shipment from Liverpool, England to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 13, 1856, by Simon Levine & Son. The documents list the port of entry as Philadelphia and specify Liverpool as the point of origin.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Dunlop, Moncure & Co. in Richmond, Virginia on August 25, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Jacob Levy in New Orleans, Louisiana on January 23, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record documenting merchandise shipment from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Charleston, South Carolina on September 29, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Richmond, Virginia on December 25, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of merchandise from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Richmond, Virginia on October 10, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York. Features an eagle logo.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of merchandise from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Richmond, Virginia on October 15, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York. Features an eagle logo.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in Petersburg, Virginia, to New York, New York. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York, New York, October 17, 1835.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in Richmond, Virginia to New York, New York on September 13, 1839. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 23 Mercer Street, New York.

Shipping record documenting the receipt of merchandise by T. I. Tobias in New York from a family member in Liverpool, England, on April 15, 1835. The record indicates a shipment of cloth. T.I. Tobias was from a well-known Jewish merchant family.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York to A. Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina, on September 9, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Charleston, South Carolina on October 13, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York, New York to Jacob Levy in New Orleans, Louisiana on November 13, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.

Shipping record detailing the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York to Jas. I. Poole in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 17, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, Philadelphia.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of cloth from M. I. Tobias in Liverpool, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, on February 5, 1835. This is one of two parts of the record.

Shipping record documenting the arrival of cargo in New York from Liverpool, England on December 13, 1816. The record details the shipment by Samuel I. Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias and lists the port of entry as New York City.

Shipping record detailing the arrival of the ship Solon in New York City from Liverpool, England on July 7, 1817. The document lists Samuel I. Tobias and John Hudson in connection with the shipment. This broadside is part of a larger collection of business records.

Four port of entry documents detailing shipments of raw materials to Rosengarten & Sons in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from Liverpool, England between October 1, 1873, and September 13, 1880. The documents are part of a larger collection that later describes the acquisition of Rosengarten & Sons by Merck of Germany and the subsequent formation of Merck & Co. in the United States after World War I.

A shipping tag for perishable goods, addressed to 409.411 West 14th Street. The tag is dated January 1, 1915. The tag is part of the archival collection Arc.MS.56, Volume 18, Page 29.

Two-part shipping tag and envelope from Weil Brothers & Co., located at 324-340 East Columbia Street, Fort Wayne, Indiana. The tag is designed for shipping raw furs. Dated circa 1894. The material notes Indiana Jews.

Invoice from Captain Bill, Master of the Brig Enterprise, to Michael Levy for 21,899.19 pounds sterling. The invoice details numerous items and their prices across three sides of a large sheet folded in half. Signed twice by Levy on May 26, 1789, in New York, New York. The document measures 12.5" x 8" and consists of four pages, one blank.

A single-page stampless letter and cover combination mailed from Montgomery, Alabama to B. Cohen in Mobile, Alabama on November 14, 1846. The faded cover displays readable postal markings. The letter, written in German by M. Englander, is of a commercial nature, requesting 39 yards of carpet to be sent via steamship. A second note, also in German and signed by D.B., is present on the same page. Englander's connection to Isaac Lesser, a trustee of the original Montgomery Temple, is noted in related correspondence.

A single-leaf steamboat bill of lading from Lehman, Newgass & Co., cotton factors and general commission merchants in New Orleans, Louisiana. Dated April 1, 1869, the document details the shipment of goods, including bacon, flour, sugar, and molasses, aboard the steamer bound for Mobile, Alabama, and ultimately Elm Bluff, Alabama. The bill of lading specifies the terms of carriage and delivery.

Trade card depicting a ship and birds in flight. The card is greenish-sepia toned and features a full advertisement. It's circa 1885 and found in Ms. Coll. 1410, OOS, Box 2, Folder 17. The address 309 Washington Street is prominently featured.

This trade card advertises Lebenbaum Bros., importers and exporters, located at 215 Sutter Street, San Francisco, California. The front of the card depicts a woman rowing a boat on a body of water. The style of the illustration suggests it's likely from the late 19th century. The business name, Lebenbaum Brothers, is prominently displayed in a stylized script. The back of the card includes additional information noting that the business was taken over in 1902 by Goldberg, Bowen & Co. The back of the card is not entirely blank; it contains information about a business transition.

An undated list of goods and quantities, possibly for shipment or sale, circa 1816. The list includes a wide range of items, from toys to canes with swords. Found loose within Letter Book 20.1430T. A separate cover sheet is present, dated August 2, 1815.

A withdrawal form from a warehouse at the original port of importation for one cask of brandy. The form includes a column for "marks," and a handwritten Jewish star appears, possibly indicating kosher wine. The form features a motif of a sailing ship in port and is signed with the Jewish star as a mark. Date: October 7, 1863.

A withdrawal form from a warehouse at the original port of importation, dated October 23, 1863. The form details the withdrawal of three casks of brandy. A handwritten Jewish star appears in the "Marks" column, suggesting the possibility of kosher wine. The form also features a motif of a sailing ship in port. The form was likely used in the process of releasing imported goods from customs.

A withdrawal form from a warehouse at the original port of importation, documenting the removal of 28 casks of wine. The form includes a column for "Marks," with a handwritten Jewish star, suggesting the possibility of kosher wine. A motif of a sailing ship in port is also present. The form dates to May 12, 1870. The document is from Volume B, Page 18 of Archive MS. 56.