Subject: Philosophy

Fragment of a letter, approximately 8" x 10", dated circa 1845, signed by L. R. J. The fragment constitutes the last page and a quarter of a larger letter. The author expresses thoughts on the nature of riches and fame, and their relation to happiness. The text is somewhat rambling and it is unclear whether this is a portion of a sermon or a personal letter. The letter fragment is located in Arc.MS.56, Box A, Folder 2.

A four-page letter written by H. Lowenthal to Isaac Leeser on June 24, 1857, from Lafayette, Indiana. The letter contains a series of questions concerning philosophical, theological, and ritual slaughter practices. Lowenthal expresses urgency for a prompt response from Leeser.

First New-York edition of Johann Georg Zimmermann's *Solitude Considered With Respect To Its Influence Upon The Mind And The Heart*. Printed by Mott & Lyon for Evert Duyckinck & Co, C Davis, J Harrisson, J Fellows, J Lyon, N Judah, and P Mesier in [1796?]. Bound in full leather, though the front and back covers are detached, and the spine is chipped at both ends. WorldCat records 27 copies, but none printed in NYC. Naphtali Judah (1773?-1855), one of the first Jewish booksellers and publishers in New York, established his business in 1795. He was the president of Shearith Israel, a prominent Mason, and a member of Tammany Society.

First American edition of J. A. Kalb's German translation of Spinoza's *Tractatus Theologico-Politicus*. Published in Philadelphia by Kiderlen & Stollmeyer in 1838. The book contains a preface (pp. [iii]-xlviii), and the main text (pp. 432). It is an 8vo volume in contemporary boards. The copy shows evidence of prior library ownership and some browning. This is notable for being the first Spinoza work printed in America, in German rather than English. Previous German editions were published in 1805, 1806, 1826, and later.

Zeichen der Zeit, a monthly periodical on religion, philosophy, and society, edited by Dr. Isaac Loew Chronik. Published in Chicago, Illinois, beginning in 1861. This collection comprises issues 1-12, totaling 192 pages with consecutive page numbering. The editor was a prominent leader of the Sinai Reform Congregation, established in Chicago in 1861. The binding is detached, with loose leaves and stains, primarily affecting issues 11-12. The size is 22.5 cm.