Subject: Eighteenth century

Advertisement published in the Pennsylvania Gazette on August 19, 1772, by Michael Gratz announcing the auction of a property. The advertisement is printed in English.

Issue of the American and Mercantile Daily Advertiser newspaper published in Baltimore, Maryland on February 1, 1800. This issue contains an article about Mordecai, identified as the first Jew in Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Issue of the American and Mercantile Daily Advertiser newspaper from Baltimore, Maryland, dated January 27, 1800. This issue contains an article mentioning Mordecai, the first Jew in Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Newspaper issue of the *American and Mercantile Daily Advertiser*, published in Baltimore, Maryland on January 28, 1800. This issue contains an article mentioning Mordecai, the first Jew in Allentown, PA.

Issue of the *Daily Advertiser* newspaper from Baltimore, Maryland, published on February 4, 1800. This issue contains an article about Mordecai, the first Jew in Allentown, Pennsylvania.

This newspaper clipping from the *Daily Post-Boy*, published in London, England, on July 12, 1735, reports on a proposal by twelve Jews to pay the King of Spain 50,000 pieces of eight annually for permission to establish Jewish communities in various Spanish cities. The proposal, though initially approved by the first minister, was ultimately rejected by the Spanish court and council.

Newspaper advertisement from Dunlap's American Daily Advertiser, published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 18, 1792. The advertisement promotes the Franklin Tavern located at 2nd and Race Streets.

Legal document apprenticing Barnet Hart to Samuel Judah in the art of merchandizing for seven years. Signed by Elizabeth Judah for her husband, and witnessed by Barnet Cohen and A. Cohen. Dated March 3, 1778, with an intact revenue stamp. The document was created in London, England, and mentions Montreal, Canada.

Four-page letter authorizing Rachel née Mendes Soria and her husband, Aaron Soria, both natives of Bordeaux, France, to grant Citizen Joseph Lopes Dias, a New York City resident, power of attorney to represent their interests in inheriting the estate of Rachel's deceased uncle, Jacob Mendes Veiga, in Bordeaux. The letter, dated "12 Messidor, Year Nine of the Republic" (July 1, 1801), is written in brown ink on official stationery of the French Consulate, "Commissariat de New York, et New Jersey." The masthead features the seal of the French Republic. This document highlights early Jewish family connections across the Atlantic, specifically between French Jews living under the Revolutionary government and their American counterparts. According to Rosenbloom, Aaron Soria (b. Bordeaux, February 22, 1762; d. New York City, January 5, 1852) was married to Rachel Mendez Hega. Rosenbloom also mentions Abraham Lopes Dias and Daniel Lopes Dias, who immigrated from Bordeaux to Louisiana in 1796, but does not list the Joseph Lopes Dias named in this letter.

Promissory note on a printed form, documenting a loan of 823 pounds, 11 shillings, and 8 pence from Michael Gratz & Company to Robert Callander. Dated December 7, 1767, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and witnessed by Joseph Simon. The verso records three payments on the loan, each signed by Michael Gratz. This note is from the Gratz Collection in Canada, Nathan Family Archive.

A handwritten receipt issued on June 23, 1773, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, documenting the purchase of clothing by Michael Gratz from Allen McLean. The receipt details the specific items purchased and their costs. The merchant's signature is distinct from the body of the text, suggesting that it may have been written by Michael Gratz himself.

Receipt for the purchase of Hanover duck for 154 pounds sterling, dated September 1, 1732. Signed by Moses Levy of Rhode Island. Moses Levy (1704-1792), a prominent merchant and trader, was one of several Ashkenazi Jewish families in Newport at that time. He owned the Touro Street Mansion, willed the property to Moses Seixas in 1792, and was an original benefactor of Touro Synagogue. He was the grandfather of Gershom Mendez Seixas. This receipt was exhibited in the opening exhibit of the National Museum of American Jewish History (NMAJH) in 2010.

Neatly penned 3" x 7" receipt issued to Moses Levy, circa 1750. The receipt is a financial record detailing a transaction. The exact details of the transaction are not specified in the available metadata.