Subject: Economic history

This 1778 book, "Discours d'un bon Hollandois a ses compatriotes, Sur différents objets intéressants" ["Discourse of a Good Dutchman to his Compatriots, on Different Subjects of Interest"], by Isaac de Pinto, argues for Dutch solidarity with Britain during the American Revolutionary War. De Pinto, a wealthy Dutch Jew, economist, and director of the Dutch East India Company, presents an economic argument against the American Revolution, fearing the potential disruption to colonial trade and the established political order. This work reflects the complex political and economic climate of the time and De Pinto's unique perspective as a prominent Jewish figure in 18th-century Europe.

This document pertains to $1000 in 6% gold bonds, potentially indicating a default in January 1930 during the Great Depression. The document mentions addresses 2445 to 2451 West Division Street, indicating a total of $40,000 in bonds. Signatures are present, and a possible connection to synagogue bonds is suggested. The material is part of a larger collection of financial records.

Invoice from Samson Levy to Samuel Wallace for goods purchased. Dated April 12, 1761, Philadelphia. Written on fine laid paper with a partial watermark. This document is potentially in Levy's hand. Samson Levy (1722-1781) was a prominent Philadelphia merchant and one of the first patriots to sign documents protesting British rule. The invoice reflects commercial activity in 18th-century Philadelphia.

A three-page letter written by Isaac Leeser to his uncle, Zalma Rehine, on May 1, 1837, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, discussing family matters, the economic impact of the Panic of 1837 on Jewish businessmen, and business dealings. The letter offers insights into the personal and professional life of Isaac Leeser and the economic climate of the time.

This is a 23-page octavo pamphlet by Leone Levi, originally published in 1863 as part of Volume 26 of the *Journal of the Statistical Society of London*. The pamphlet examines the impact of the American Civil War on the cotton trade and manufacturing industries. It includes one plate (likely a chart or graph illustrating statistical data). This is a first edition, and the copy is disbound.

First edition of Isaac de Pinto's *Reponse de Mr. J. De Pinto, Aux Observations d'un Homme Impartial*, published in The Hague by Pierre-Frederic Gosse in 1776. This 60-page unbound work, housed in patterned boards, represents the earliest known printed response to the American Revolution by a Jew. De Pinto, a wealthy Dutch Jew of Portuguese descent, critiques the revolution, fearing colonial independence would disrupt the established political and economic order. He expresses concerns about the potential for American control over other European colonies and the resulting impact on the flow of bullion. The book is considered significant for its insight into the perspectives of early modern Jewish thinkers on the American Revolution and the political and economic climate of the time. References to this work can be found in *JE*, Vol. X, p. 54; *EJ*, Vol. XIII, cols. 553-4; M.H. Gans, *Memorbook* (1977) pp. 112-13; A. Hertzberg, *The French Enlightenment and the Jews* (1968), pp. 142-3, 150-2; J. L. Cardoso and A. de Vasconcelos-Nogueira, *Isaac de Pinto: An Enlightened Economist and Financier* (2005); and J.S. Wijler, *Isaac de Pinto, sa vie et sa oeuvres* (1923).

This book, "The History of Poland, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time," is the first American edition published by Harper & Brothers. Authored by James Fletcher, Esq., of Trinity College, Cambridge, it includes details about the economic and social lives of Jews in Poland during the reign of Sigismund Augustus. Specifically, it notes the significant presence of Jewish merchants and artisans in the mid-16th century and mentions legal restrictions placed on Jewish involvement in certain trades.