Subject: Currency

This item is a $2 proof bank note issued by J. I. Cohen & Brothers Banking House in Baltimore, Maryland, circa 1830s. The note features a central allegorical vignette depicting two women, one standing and one seated, reading a document. The value "TWO" is displayed prominently in ornate oval frames on both sides of the note. The text states, "We Promise to pay Bearer at our Banking House) on demand TWO DOLLARS." The note was printed by Draper Underwood Bald & Spencer and exhibits detailed engraving work typical of early 19th-century currency. 3.

A four-page broadside comprising a legal document related to Joseph Abrams' claim for mutilated currency. The document includes printed instructions and is dated September 7, 1866, in New Bloomfield, Perry County, Pennsylvania. Additional references are made to Washington, D.C.

Copper Civil War store token. The front depicts 'TELLER, I.' and the back features an eagle. Issued in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, circa 1863. The token is part of the collection 'Arc.MS.56, Box 12, Folder 10'.

CONTINENTAL CURRENCY - South Carolina November 15, 1775 15s PMG Choice Fine 15 Net..."We last sold this note in 2002; over two decades ago. Our description at the time is still completely appropriate: "This is one of the best-looking examples we've seen of this issue and denomination, and the note has considerable added importance as it bears the bold signature of F. Salvador as one of the three signers. Francis Salvador was the first person of the Jewish faith to be elected to public office in America, when he was elected to the Provincial Congress of South Carolina in 1774. According to Newman, he was the first soldier of the Jewish faith to be killed in combat in the American Revolution. Our understanding of the same story was that George Washington had personally requested that he meet with the local Indians in an effort to make a peace treaty with them. While on this mission, he was killed by the Indians. This is the finest Salvador signature that we can recall seeing, and his signature is one of the most highly prized and elusive of all Jewish-American historical figures." The note faces up very nicely, with PMG noting a restoration that has repaired two splits and a centerfold." The historic tract of land known as "Jew's Land" was established in 1755 when Joseph Salvador, a wealthy Sephardic Jewish merchant from London, purchased 100,000 acres in the remote Ninety-Six District of South Carolina. Salvador and his business partners originally envisioned the massive backcountry property as a structured agricultural sanctuary where impoverished European Jews, facing severe legal and social restrictions at home, could achieve financial self-sufficiency. However, this grand humanitarian plan was derailed when the catastrophic 1755 Lisbon earthquake and subsequent British East India Company failures decimated the Salvador family's European fortune, forcing them to treat the frontier wilderness as a critical financial life raft rather than a philanthropic colony. To monetize the investment, the family began subdividing the tract, which paved the way for Joseph's nephew, Francis Salvador, to immigrate to South Carolina in 1773 and claim 7,000 acres of the land along Coronaca Creek. There, Francis established a highly successful indigo plantation utilizing the labor of approximately thirty enslaved people. This agricultural venture aligned with the broader rise of the colony's indigo industry, heavily championed by Moses Lindo, a fellow Jewish merchant who served as South Carolina's Inspector-General of Indigo. Because of its location in the highly fractured backcountry, "Jew's Land" quickly became a focal point of geopolitical tension during the American Revolution. It was on this very plantation that Francis Salvador learned of British-allied Cherokee attacks on July 1, 1776, prompting his historic 30-mile ride to rally the local Patriot militia before he was ultimately ambushed and killed exactly one month later. Following the Revolutionary War and Francis's tragic death, the vast estate slipped from the family's control and became embroiled in decades of legal turmoil. Because the original property titles belonged to British-based heirs, local frontier settlers began squatting on the land, triggering landmark real estate lawsuits in the Abbeville District courts during the early 1800s that helped launch the careers of prominent Southern lawyers like future Vice President John C. Calhoun. Despite these ownership shifts, the name "Jew's Land" remained a fixture of local identity for generations, frequently appearing in 19th- and 20th-century property deeds, estate sales, and local obituaries. Today, while the original plantations have dissolved into the modern landscapes of Greenwood and Abbeville counties, the legacy of this pioneering settlement is preserved through historical archives and the nearby Ninety Six National Historic Site. In July 1776, Salvador earned the nickname "Southern Paul Revere" when he rode over 30 miles to warn militia units in the backcountry of South Carolina of an Indian attack. Over a month later, Salvador led a group of militiamen towards the Keowee River, where British and Native Americans were camped and were ambushed by the group on August 1st, 1776. During the fight, Salvador was wounded and scalped by the Native American soldiers, and he died of his wounds. He was 29 years old at the time of his death. Note: he was listed as a subscriber for First Siddur Translated into English for Jews of England,London, 1770

Eight-dollar promissory note printed by Hall and Sellers and signed by Ben Jacobs on May 9, 1776. The note is part of Manuscript Collection 1410.

Brass token with a face value of 5 cents. Issued by Engelhardt Brothers. Date of issue is approximately 1910. The token's material is brass, and its value is 5 cents. More information is needed regarding the purpose or context of the token.

A single-page letter written by Caleb Bull of Hartford, Connecticut, to Aaron Lopez on July 12, 1781. This is letter 13 of a 14-letter correspondence spanning June 21, 1779 to October 1, 1781, concerning trade conducted between Bull and Lopez (or Joseph Lopez). The letters discuss business matters, currency problems during the American Revolution, and the sale of goods such as rum, ostrich plumes, flour, and fish. Bull's letter explains his inability to travel to meet Lopez due to his horse's injury, and it mentions his sales on Lopez's account. The letters reveal the impact of the Continental currency crisis on trade and business transactions. The physical condition of the letter is noted as stained, edge-worn, toned, creased, and with portions illegible due to moisture damage.

A single-page letter written by Caleb Bull of Hartford, Connecticut, to Aaron Lopez on September 22, 1781. The letter details general business matters concerning rum and dry goods orders, with Bull acting as a seller on Lopez's account. This letter is one of fourteen in a collection spanning June 21, 1779, to October 1, 1781, documenting the mercantile trade between Bull and Lopez, addressing business issues and the complexities of the Continental currency. The letters discuss trade in goods like rum, ostrich plumes, flour, and fish and the challenges of fluctuating currency values. The collection's physical condition shows signs of age, including staining, edge wear, toning, creasing, and some illegibility due to moisture damage. The letter provides insight into the economic challenges of the American Revolutionary period, particularly the depreciation of Continental currency and its impact on trade.

A single-page letter dated January 24, 1779, written by Josiah Blakeley in Hartford, Connecticut, to Joseph (Moses) Lopez. The letter contains commercial content and personal regards to Mr. & Mrs. Mendes and Mr. & Mrs. Riviera. This letter is one of fourteen in a collection spanning June 21, 1779 to October 1, 1781, detailing trade between Blakeley and either Aaron Lopez or Joseph Lopez. The correspondence discusses business transactions, including the supply of rum, ostrich plumes, and other imported goods, alongside the challenges of the Continental currency crisis. The letters show the impact of the currency crisis and unstable financial climate of the time on business dealings between merchants. The physical condition of the letters is noted as stained, edge-worn, toned, creased, and with some illegible portions due to moisture damage.

A one-page letter written on June 21, 1779, in Hartford, Connecticut, by Josiah Blakeley to Joseph (Moses) Lopez. This letter, one of fourteen in a collection spanning June 21, 1779, to October 1, 1781, discusses commercial matters. Blakeley sends regards to Mr. Mendes and Mr. & Mrs. Reviera. The collection's letters concern trade between Aaron Lopez or Joseph Lopez (recipients) and senders Caleb Bull (1746-1797) and Josiah Blakeley, both Hartford merchants. The correspondence details business transactions, including the supply of rum, ostrich plumes, and other imported goods by Lopez, and payments and additional goods supplied by Bull, such as flour and fish. The letters also discuss the challenges posed by the currency crisis of 1779 and the depreciating value of Continental currency. The letters are physically damaged, showing staining, edge wear, toning, creasing, and some illegibility due to moisture damage. The collection provides insight into the commercial activities and currency issues of the late 18th century in the context of the American Revolution.

A one-dollar note printed by Hall and Sellers and signed by Ben Jacobs. The note dates from May 9, 1776. The note is part of Manuscript Collection 1410.

Half-cent token issued by Goldblatt Bros. in Chicago in 1914. The token is redeemable in cash. Research has been conducted on this token's history. The token likely dates from the post-Civil War era, suggesting its use as a form of informal currency during a period of economic transition.

This item is an advertising promissory note resembling US currency, issued by C. M. Salinger's Oak Hall Clothing House in Leavenworth, Kansas, dated May 10, 1869. The front features ornate Victorian-style lettering declaring "United States THREE DOLLARS" and indicates that "Three Dollars can be saved on every Suit of Clothes purchased" at the clothing house. It includes a serial number (#24597), a classical female figure (likely Liberty or Columbia) on the left, and a portrait of a male figure (likely a historical statesman) on the right, all within intricate borders and a green underprint. A red seal is also present. The reverse side features further ornate design, stating, "On presentation of this Bill at our OAK HALL Clothing House / The holder will be politely waited upon / and given the worth of his money." and is signed by Chas. M. Salinger. **3.

This is the third edition of J. Wright's 'The American Negotiator,' published in London in 1765. This book contains tables reducing the various currencies of the British American colonies and the West Indies into English money, accounting for exchange rate fluctuations. It also includes tables for converting Irish currency to Sterling and for interconverting colonial currencies. A significant feature is the approximately 50-page list of subscribers to all three editions (1761, 1763, and 1765), which includes numerous Jewish merchants and prominent figures like Benjamin Franklin, offering insights into transatlantic trade networks and financial practices of the time. The book is complete with lxxx, 80, and 326 pages and bound in its original leather cover.

A thirty-dollar note, printed by Hall and Sellers and signed by Ben Jacobs, dated July 7, 1776. The note is part of a collection of financial records. The physical location is Ms. Coll. 1410, OOS, Box 4, Folder 3.

This item is a token that was good for one dollar. It dates from January 1, 1910. The token's geographic context is inferred from the coordinates provided in the metadata: 35.6573040002392, -109.089197000116, which places it near the border of Arizona and New Mexico. Additional details about the issuer or purpose are unavailable.