Subject: Criticism, interpretation, etc.

This 12-page unbound pamphlet is a defense of the Hebrew dictionary by William Roy, responding to a review published in the North American Review for April 1838. The author of the pamphlet is Moses Stuart of Andover. It is a rare work, with only one copy known to exist.

Book - "A DEFENCE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT,IN A SERIES OF LetterS TO THOMAS; PAINE"..CALLS "AGE OF REASON" ONE OF THE MOST VIOLENT AND; SYSTEMATIC ATTACKS ON THE WORD OF GOD THAT WAS EVER MADE.; 2nd EDITION...LISTS SUBSCRIBERS IN PA...NONE ARE JEWISH.....This is a reprint of the first edition, published in London in 1797....One of the first books by a Jewish author to be sold by a Jewish bookseller in America. There is also a 1798 NYC edition of the same book. David Levi responds to Thomas Paine's Age of Reason, which ridiculed the bible, and religion in general. For instance, Paine wrote that "it would be more consistent that we called [the Old Testament] the word of a demon, than the Word of God. It is a history of wickedness, that has served to corrupt and brutalize mankind; and, for my own part, I sincerely detest it, as I detest everything that is cruel." David Levi (1742-1801) was an English-Jewish writer, Hebraist, Jewish apologist, translator, and poet. Levi was born to poor immigrant parents who could not afford to educate him. He worked as a shoemaker, then as a hatter, then as a printer. He read voraciously in Jewish literature from ancient times to the present, as well as in Christian writings about Judaism and about the Bible. Self-educated, he realised how little both Jews and Christians in England knew about Judaism and resolved to explain and defend his faith. His first published work, A Succinct Account of the Rites and Ceremonies of the Jews (1782), tried to explain Judaism to Jews and to correct Christian misconceptions about Judaism. Next, he translating the prayer books of both the Ashkenazi and Spanish and Portuguese Jews. He supervised a translation of the Old Testament into English and published a Hebrew grammar and dictionary, and a guide to the Hebrew language. In 1786, Joseph Priestly published his Letter to the Jews (1786), urging them to convert. Levi published a lengthy answer, which led to many arguments with Christian divines. This led to his three-volume Dissertation on the Prophecies of the Old Testament (1793-1800), which he printed and published himself. It was republished in London in 1817 in two volumes. Levi's work was well known in Christian circles; his Dissertation on the Prophecies was accepted as authoritative by many scholars, both Jewish and Christian, well into the nineteenth century. His six-volume English translation of the liturgy served as the foundation for later editions published both in England and in the United States. His Protestant friend Henry Lemoine published an obituary in the Gentleman's Magazine (October 1801), "He's Gone! the Pride of Israel's Busy Tribe". It praised him as a great explainer and defender of Judaism against both Christians and skeptics. Levi was also poet in ordinary to the synagogue, and furnished odes when required on several public celebrations, as, for instance, on the king's escape from assassination in 1795 Levi (1742-1801), a self- taught Jew living in London, was almost single-handedly responsible for providing the English-speaking world with insights into Judaism previously accessible only to those versed in Hebrew. In addition to translating Hebrew texts and explicatingJewish rites, he also exercised his considerable talents in defending Judaism from attacks by writers including Spinoza, Voltaire, and Priestly, as well as Paine. For the American edition of his refutation of Paine's deism, Levi enlisted one of New York's leading Jewish citizens and one of the USA's first Jewish publishers and booksellers, Naphtali Judah. For sale by Meir Turner (NYC) 9.29/13 for $ 4,900.00

This book is an 86-page abridged version of Henry Hart Milman's *History of the Jews*, likely adapted by M. Lilienthal. Published by Bloch Publishing Company in Cincinnati and Chicago, it includes an 1891 Sunday School reward of merit inscription from a previous owner.

This 56-page pamphlet, published in 1854 by M. W. Dodd in New York, presents William Jay's examination of the Mosaic laws concerning servitude. The first edition, originally issued in octavo format and lacking its wrappers, offers a scholarly analysis of this aspect of Jewish law within its historical context.

This 56-page pamphlet, published in New York in 1854, presents a scholarly examination of the biblical laws concerning servitude. Author William Jay argues against the interpretation of these laws as supporting the institution of slavery. The pamphlet represents a significant contribution to the abolitionist discourse of the mid-19th century.

This book, published in Chicago, Illinois in 1880, is a response to Robert Green Ingersoll's views on Moses and the Bible. The author, Curtiss, refutes Ingersoll's arguments, presenting a counter-narrative. The book delves into theological and historical interpretations of the biblical figure of Moses and his role in Jewish history and religious thought. The exact arguments presented are not available without reading the text itself.

This 15-page book is a lecture delivered by Rabbi H.M. Bien at Haverly's Theater in Chicago on April 27, 1879. It serves as a defense of the Bible against the criticisms presented in Colonel Robert Ingersoll's works, "Mistakes of Moses" and "Skulls."

This book contains critical and practical notes on the Book of Leviticus. Authored by George Bush, a professor of Hebrew and Oriental Literature at New York City University, it was published by Dayton & Newman in 1843 at 199 Broadway, New York City. Bush was considered one of the foremost Hebraic scholars of his time.

This is the first rabbinical work in English translation published in North America. Published in New York in 1840 by M.M. Noah & A.S. Gould, this book is a translation of the medieval Hebrew text, *The Book of Jasher*, compiled from the Babylonian Talmud and other Jewish sources, and intermixed with Arabic legends and passages from the Bible. The book's content is divided into sections covering the pre-Mosaic period, the Mosaic period, and a smaller section on later history. The preface is by M.M. Noah. This copy is considered to be the first U.S. edition of this translation.

This 1886 edition of the Book of Job includes Hebrew commentaries. Published by H. F. Siemers, Rabbi of the Oheb Shalom Congregation in Baltimore, it is notable for its two colored plates, possibly making it one of the earliest books with color printing in the United States. The book was published by H. F. Siemers, the father of Henrietta Szold, founder of Hadassah.

This chapbook, intended for Sabbath schools, recounts the history of the Jewish people from the Babylonian captivity to the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. It aims to connect Old and New Testament history, providing context and illumination for understanding the New Testament narratives. Published circa 1845, this book offers a concise overview of Jewish history for a younger audience.

This 14-page pamphlet reprints Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll's critique of the biblical book of Moses. Published around 1875, it presents Ingersoll's perspective on inconsistencies and perceived flaws within the text, reflecting his known views on religion and freethought. The pamphlet likely served as a standalone publication or possibly as part of a larger collection of Ingersoll's works.

This book contains the story of Esther in both English and Hebrew. It was published by the Hebrew Publishing Company at 77-79 Delancey Street in 1900. The book has a red paper cover.