Subject: Correspondence

This 1796 first edition, first printing book compiles speeches delivered by President George Washington to Congress and addresses to him from various groups, including prominent exchanges with the Jewish communities of Philadelphia, New York, Charleston, and Richmond. Published "according to Act of Congress," it represents the first official U.S. government publication referencing American Jews. Printed in Boston by Manning and Loring for Solomon Cotton, it contains 282 pages with some foxing and minor imperfections but remains in overall superb condition with original full calf leather binding.

This book, published in Boston in July 1796 by Manning and Loring for Solomon Cotton, Jr., contains a collection of President George Washington's speeches to Congress and his responses to addresses from various groups. Notably, it includes correspondence between Washington and several Jewish congregations (Newport, Rhode Island; Philadelphia, New York, Charleston, and Richmond), marking it as the first official U.S. government publication relating to American Jews. Published "according to Act of Congress," the book also features Washington's responses to these addresses, showcasing his support for religious tolerance. The book is in excellent condition, bound in full calf leather (with a professionally replaced spine), and includes a book advertisement by the publisher on the last page.

Illustrated advertising cover from the American Institute of Hebrew. Postmarked October 6, 1884, and cancelled in Morgan Park, Illinois. In very good condition, roughly opened. This unusual cover advertises home study of Hebrew for the purpose of Old Testament literature and interpretation. The return address is W.R. Harper, Baptist Union Theological Seminary, Morgan Park, Chicago. The verso is filled with an explanation of instruction through the mails.

Envelope addressed to Arthur Seligman, dated February 15, 1931. The envelope's contents are unknown. Geographic location is inferred from the collection's metadata as being near Albuquerque, New Mexico, based on coordinates 35.692133,-105.939593.

Two-page autograph letter signed "G. A. Myers" and addressed to John A. Washington III. Written in Richmond, Virginia, on May 28, 1858, the letter discusses various matters, including a check, a visit from Mr. Giles and Willie, a present, and barrels that arrived in perfect order. Myers expresses regrets that Willie could not accept an invitation. The letter mentions Mount Vernon and the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, founded by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The letter is in fine condition with dark writing and faint folds.

One-half page autograph letter, initialed J.C., from Chicago, Illinois, dated June 24th, 1857, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia. The writer requests that the dedication of the new Kehilah Anshe Mayrif cemetery in Chicago, along with a related German news clipping from the *Deborah*, be included in Leeser's *Occident*. This letter is notable due to the rarity of early Jewish correspondence from Chicago, given losses from the Great Chicago Fire.

Autograph letter signed and written by Rabbi George Jacobs to the Committee of Congregation Beth El Emeth in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 20, 1872. The letter discusses liturgical reform. Four pages, 4to.

A single-page autograph letter written in both German and Yiddish by three different authors. The letter, measuring 9" x 5.25", is written on both sides. The letter is part of a collection containing the only known correspondence to Isaac Leeser from Europe. Historians believe Leeser requested the destruction of his personal letters. Also included in the folder is a fragment of a letter in German.

Autograph letter signed by Asher D. Cohen, written in Charleston, South Carolina on February 11, 1879. The letter, measuring approximately 5 1/2 by 9 1/4 inches, pertains to legal matters. Cohen (1838- ), a Charleston native, served in the cavalry and on Sullivan's Island during the Civil War and later became a prominent member of the Charleston bar.

Autograph letter signed from U.S. Senator David Levy Yulee of Florida to Federal District Court Judge Isaac H. Bronson, written in Washington, D.C. on September 20, 1850. Yulee discusses the Civil and Defense bill before the Senate, his upcoming trip to New York, and an effort to expose a falsehood. The letter is a bifolium with contemporary docketing.

Autograph letter signed, written by Harriet Levien to Isaac Leeser from Geelong, Victoria, Australia, dated October 17, 1859. The letter, written in English and Hebrew, discusses Jewish matters. It reveals the breadth of Isaac Leeser's network and influence, showcasing the need for guidance from established figures within the Jewish community even in remote areas like colonial Australia.

Autograph letter signed from Jacob Ezekiel to Isaac Leeser, written in English on May 9, 1853. The letter discusses the plight of Chinese Jews and proposes ways American Jews can offer support, both spiritually and financially. The letter references articles in *The Occident* and suggests sending emissaries to China to teach Hebrew. Three pages, with an autograph address panel. Written in Richmond, Virginia, and addressed to Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Autograph letter signed by Solomon Etting to Hyman Gratz, dated March 31, 1825, from Baltimore, Maryland. Etting discusses the disbursement of funds intended for Solomon De Castro's passage to Curaçao. He details De Castro's change of plans and ultimate receipt of a smaller sum for passage to Virginia. The letter also includes a Passover greeting. Two pages. Autograph address panel on integral blank.

This half-page autograph letter, written in German, is from S. Cohen of New York, New York, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated June 14th, 1851.

Billhead from Isaac A. Isaacs, a merchant, located at Union Hall, Corner of Superior and Union Streets, Cleveland, Ohio. The billhead features a detailed illustration of Union Hall, with the date September 13, 1864. The billhead is a letter written in cursive script, likely to a client, detailing a transaction of goods or services, but missing the detail of the actual transaction. The note mentions the Singer Company, and a transaction of goods or services was likely made at the Singer store.

This collection comprises 39 miscellaneous commercial documents related to Mayer Sulzberger's European trip in 1880. The materials include billheads, letters, receipts, and telegrams from various hotels, businesses, and individuals in France, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and England. The documents provide insights into Sulzberger's travel itinerary, expenses, and business contacts during his journey. Dates range from 1880 to 1882. Specific locations include Paris, Munich, Philadelphia, Liverpool, Stuttgart, and London, among others.

This collection comprises ten items: nine letters and one billhead, pertaining to the B'nai Israel Congregation and various businesses in Keokuk, Iowa, dating from 1900 to 1908. The materials include correspondence regarding congregational affairs, as well as business documents such as a bill from the Keokuk Gas and Light company and receipts. The items were found within a handwritten minute book from the B'nai Israel Congregation spanning 1885-1906, suggesting their relation to the broader history of the Keokuk Jewish community. The physical location of these items is varied, and some items are referenced by multiple IDs within the collection.

This collection comprises eleven letters addressed to Mayer Sulzberger between 1876 and 1886. The correspondents include family members, business associates, and friends, offering insights into Sulzberger's personal and professional life. Topics covered range from family matters and travel plans to business dealings and financial transactions. Several letters are written in Yiddish, while others are in English, German, and French. The collection also includes a postal order from the German International Post and letterhead from M. Muhr's Sons, Manufacturing Jewelers and Watchcase Makers, 629-631 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA and the Grand Hotel Mombrun & Du Casino, Vichy, France. The letters provide a glimpse into the daily life and social network of a prominent Philadelphia figure during the late 19th century. One letter from Samuel Hirsch is written on letterhead from 635 North 7th Street, Philadelphia, PA.

This collection comprises a group of five letters and documents spanning the years 1842-1863, primarily related to Isaac Leeser, a prominent rabbi and figure in the Jewish community of Philadelphia. The materials include personal correspondence, announcements of annual meetings for the Jewish Foster Home Society of Philadelphia, and an administrative record from Kaal Kodosh Beth El Emeth. Geographic locations referenced include Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Louisville, Kentucky; and Hackenburg, Pennsylvania. The letters cover topics ranging from financial matters to announcements of the Jewish Foster Home Society meetings. The collection contains Hebrew and English language materials.

This collection comprises three letters related to the Jewish Foster Home Society of Philadelphia. The letters, dated January 24, 1856, February 2, 1860, and January 28, 1863, are from Isaac Leeser and Evelyn Bomeisler. The letters are announcements and invitations to the Society's annual meetings.

This archival item consists of correspondence and business records related to Samuel Hart. The records mention addresses in Philadelphia (416 South 13th St.) and New York City (307 Broadway), along with references to a "Club House Card," a card counter, and a possible connection to Mikveh Israel Congregation. The item also mentions a family relationship to Isaac Levy and Lewis I. Cohen, and notes a merger that occurred in 1871. The item dates from January 1, 1858.

Printed dunning notice from the Pacific Hebrew Orphan Asylum and Home Society in San Francisco, California, to Asher Marks in Roseburg, Oregon, regarding overdue dues. Dated August 20, 1886. The notice includes a handwritten notation indicating possible settlement of the debt.

Envelope addressed to Henry Tobias at 29 Nassau Street, New York, NY, from an unknown sender. The envelope is undated and originates from Boston, MA.

Envelope addressed to W. J. Hooper, Secretary, Lodge 22, Eureka, Nevada. Postmarked Virginia City, Nevada, January 29, 1896. The letter was sent by L. Guggenheim.

This archival item consists of a store envelope addressed to B. Loewenstein at H. Rosenthal's, 632 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and containing two handwritten letters dated April 8, 1877. The letters, written in German, are from Morris Strouse and H. Rosenthal, respectively, and appear to be a combination of personal and business correspondence. Each letter is neatly written on four pages of 5" x 7" paper. The envelope also contains an advertising insert (the nature of which is not specified). The letters were sent while Loewenstein was staying at Rosenthal's in Philadelphia, and were subsequently sent to him in Mora, New Mexico.

This two-page letter constitutes a halachic inquiry from Isaac Moses Slatky, reader at the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation, to R. Solomon Eger of Posen, Germany. The inquiry references Eger's ruling prohibiting Kohanim from leading congregational blessings on holidays or receiving the first aliyah. The letter also includes a description of the Baltimore community, its synagogue, and its kosher mikva. The verso contains a letter from R. Samuel Fogelsdorf of Posen concerning the halachic inquiry and personal matters. It bears the scrawled signature of Yitzchak Chaim, who claims to have been a former student of Eger. Dated January 1, 1845.

Handwritten letter from Moses Waterman in San Francisco, California to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated November 9, 1865. The letter discusses payment for Machzorim and an advertisement in the Occident regarding the death of Joseph Mayer of Congregation Ohabai Shalome.

Draft of a letter to the Board of Editors of the American Hebrew, expressing complaints about inaccuracies in an article titled "The Mouthpiece of American Israelites." The letter was written circa 1885. The American Hebrew, founded by Frederick de Sola Mendes and published by Philip Cowen, began publication on November 21, 1879, in New York City. The weekly was published by the American Hebrew Publishing Company.

A one-page letter written by A. Dessau from Macon, Georgia to Isaac Leeser on October 28, 1856, discussing the progress of the small Jewish community in Macon. Dessau describes improvements to the Jewish cemetery, the formation of a society to manage it, and requests prayers for its dedication. The letter provides early documentation of this Southern Jewish community.

One-page letter written by A. Fromenfeld to Isaac Leeser on April 20, 1862, from Pittsburgh. The letter includes an advertisement inserted by Fromenfeld. The back of the letter contains handwriting that appears to be Leeser's, listing subscribers/agents with the number of copies, including J. Seligman in San Francisco. A note in Yiddish is also present.

A brief letter written by A. H. Bund from Graham, North Carolina, to an unidentified recipient in Richmond, Virginia, dated April 25, 1860. The letter mentions a "very dull negro market." The Davis family of Richmond, known slave dealers, are referenced. The letter is part of the collection Arc.MS.56, Box 7, Folder 3.

Letter from A. H. Hart and I. Binswanger to Reverend Isaac Leeser and M. A. Dropsie expressing gratitude for their speeches at the first annual charity dinner. A copy of the resolution is included in the letter. Written in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 13, 1853.

A letter from A. I. Isaacs to Sabato Morais, dated November 3, 1873, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Isaacs returns proof sheets for Morais' sermon, which Isaacs has titled "The Judaism of the Present."

A one-page letter from A. J. Peixotto to Rabbi Isaac Leeser, dated January 7, 1849, written in Kingston, Jamaica. Peixotto discusses selling books, mentions financial difficulties in Jamaica, and references several individuals.

A one-page letter from A. J. Satz in St. Louis, Missouri, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated April 8, 1851. Satz requests a detailed list of subscribers for the purpose of collection.

A three-page letter written by A. Kohn of Chicago, Illinois, to Isaac Leeser in New York City on September 23, 1849. Kohn expresses concerns about the state of Judaism in America, emphasizing the need for Jewish institutions such as hospitals, colleges, and Sabbath schools. He also discusses the attitudes of younger Jews and the lack of support from wealthy members of the community.

A one-page letter dated April 13, 1857, from A. Wormser and B. Shuman in Providence, Rhode Island, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The writers, officers of a Providence congregation, inquire about the availability of funds from the Judah Touro trust to aid in building a synagogue in Providence.

A single-page letter written and signed by Aaron Moise on October 6, 1828, from the Courier Office in Charleston, South Carolina. The letter is addressed to Major J.H. Cook, U.S. Army, in Washington, D.C., confirming the discontinuation of Charleston Courier subscriptions for officers of the 6th U.S. Infantry Regiment in St. Louis, Missouri, upon expiration of their 18-month subscription. The letter was written by Moise on behalf of A.S. Willington, editor and co-founder of the Charleston Courier.

Two-page letter written by Aaron Wolff in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, to Samuel Etting in Baltimore, Maryland, on January 7, 1858. The letter is part of the Etting/Carvalho Archive at Beit Yisrael Sefardi.

A one-page letter written by Abraham De Young, President of a newly formed congregation in Lafayette, Louisiana, to Isaac Leeser on November 9, 1849. The letter announces the congregation's new rented temple and lists its officers: Jacob Meyer (VP), H. Asher (VP), Benjamin Goldenberg (Trustee), B. Frank (Trustee), Julius Sayer (Secretary), and N. Grunsburger (Treasurer). An excerpt from a later Occident article provides an update on the congregation's status and membership.

A one-page letter written by Abraham Hart, President of the Jewish Publication Society of Philadelphia, to Solomon Solis, a member of the Society's Publication Committee, on December 18, 1850. Hart responds to Solis' previous note regarding the order of names on a committee list, emphasizing the importance of proper procedure and expressing willingness to cooperate.

Three-page letter written by Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia, on April 22, 1852, to Dr. Joshua I. Cohen in Baltimore, Maryland. The letter details the authors' unsuccessful search for records of Jewish soldiers who fought in the American Revolution, discusses family matters, and includes an invitation for Dr. Cohen to visit.

Three-page letter written by Albert Cohen in Paris, France to Samuel Etting in Baltimore, Maryland on January 25, 1858. The letter is part of the Etting/Carvalho Archive, Beit Yisrael Sefardi collection.

A two-page letter written by Albert Cohn in Paris, France to Samuel Etting in Baltimore, Maryland on February 2, 1858. The letter is part of the Etting/Carvalho Archive and relates to the Congregation of the Sephardim. The letter is written in French and English.

Letter written by Alexander Hart to James Reid on March 29, 1803, concerning funds from a creditor. Hart requests notification upon receipt of the funds. This letter is part of a larger archive of 56 documents related to the division of the estate of Aaron Hart, who died December 28, 1800, in Trois-Rivières, Quebec. The documents were found among the papers of Judge James Reid (1769-1848), the Hart family's lawyer. This specific letter belongs to a subset of approximately 28 documents primarily concerning legal matters after Aaron Hart's death.

This archival collection contains a three-page letter written by Alfred Cromelien to Col. Alexander Biddle in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 1, 1894. Cromelien, a Jewish Civil War veteran, details his financial hardship and requests a $100 loan. A notation on the letter's back suggests the loan should be given with repayment contingent on improved circumstances. The collection also includes an envelope addressed to L. Guggenheim in Virginia City, Nevada, postmarked November 5, 1897. Cromelien served in the Civil War and was a member of the Loyal Legion of the United States.

Official letter written in Dutch in Amsterdam on August 9, 1819, concerning Aaron Moses Dropsie (1794-1839). The letter likely pertains to Dropsie's immigration to the United States. He arrived in Philadelphia on September 27, 1819, aboard the ship *Dido*. This letter is one of four personal and family documents related to Dropsie and his family.

A letter dated November 8, 1840, addressed to David Samuel, Secretary of Congregation Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter, from an unidentified author (possibly the Parnas, though the signature is illegible), urges the enforcement of bylaws leading to membership forfeiture for those not regularly attending synagogue services. Specific individuals named include A.M. Cohen, J.L. Cohen, L.M. Cohen, E.L. Cohen, Jacob Nathan, and Jacob Gratz.

Letter written on organizational letterhead to the president, officers, and members of District Grand Lodge No. 3, I.O.B.B. (Independent Order B'nai B'rith), regarding the opening of two new lodge branches in Philadelphia and Newark. Dated April 10, 1890.

One-page letter (8" x 13") written by Andrew Levy in Lancaster, Pennsylvania to Joseph Bullock on July 11, 1780, concerning a Lancaster lottery. Lancaster was one of the few towns to find such lotteries profitable. This letter is related to lottery tickets signed by Andrew Levy (see item 19.167).

This archival item consists of a letter written by Asher D. Cohen to Brauley & Burnwell on May 8, 1882, in Charleston, South Carolina. The letter pertains to legal matters. It was likely written from Cohen's law office at 94 Broadway.

Letter written by B. F. Peixotto in Cleveland, Ohio to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 30, 1865. The letter discusses Bnai Brith and lodge donations. It is written on the stationery of Davis, Peixotto & Co., located at 3 & 5 Water Streets. The envelope includes a printed return address for B. F. Peixotto, Cor. Sec., Cleveland Library Association.

A one and a half page handwritten letter from B. M. Emanuel in Claiborne, Alabama, dated May 14, 1857, to Isaac Leeser. Emanuel apologizes for not paying for a Hebrew book and a subscription, citing financial difficulties. He mentions writing to the Chief Rabbi for leniency and plans to collect outstanding Occident subscriptions. The letter's back sheet serves as an addressed cover with a Claiborne, Alabama postmark and a 'Paid 10' notation. The postmark is noted as rare, valued at $175 in the late 1990s. The letter offers insight into Emanuel's financial struggles and his role in the community.

A two-page letter written in German from B. Wurmser in Boston, Massachusetts to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 15, 1848. The letter discusses the election of officers for the first congregation in Boston (established 1844), the proposed introduction of a three-year cycle in religious observance, the progress of a religious school, and the activities of the Ladies Hebrew Benevolent Society.

A one-page letter written by Baruch M. Emanuel, Hazan and Schochet of Congregation Sha'arai Shomayim in Mobile, Alabama, to Isaac Leeser on October 21, 1852. Emanuel writes about the death of Rev. A. Ansel, who died in Mobile after falling ill following a circumcision. He mentions sending Ansel's instruments to his child in Buffalo.

Letter written in Yiddish and transliterated into English from Benny Salinger, Secretary of Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel, to Mayer Sulzberger on July 1, 1880. The letter, written on institutional letterhead, discusses the Philadelphia Congregation's Constitution.

A two-page letter written by C. A. D'Araigo in Madrid, Spain, on June 28, 1839, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, personal health, and the progress of a school for young Hebrews.

Two-page letter from C. B. Fibleman of Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated October 23, 1866. The letter is an invitation from the Chattanooga Hebrew Benevolent Association to Leeser, listing all the association's officers and emphasizing the hospitality of the Chattanooga Jewish community.

Letter written by C. C. Lerned to Horace Chase on November 27, 1885, from La Porte, Indiana. Lerned describes attending a ceremony and a subsequent party.

A letter written by C. H. Meyer to Isaac Leeser on August 14, 1852, in San Francisco, California. The letter discusses books.

Letter dated November 1, 1878, from C. J. Harby and Isaac R. Harby to Leah Cohen in Greenville, Florida. The letter requests the transfer of two shares of Southwestern Railroad stock in Georgia, according to a marriage agreement.

Handwritten letter from C. Kaufman to George Boutwell, Secretary of the Treasury of the USA, dated July 28, 1871. The letter requests a copy of "Instructions in Relation to the Public Debt & Accounts." The letter originates from 25 Broad Street and is part of a matched set of three letters and business cards (12.698).

Letter from Cauffman H. Meyer to Isaac Leeser dated January 19, 1857, from San Francisco, California. Meyer updates Leeser on the progress of finding a rabbi for Congregation Emanu-El, mentioning applications received and the president of the congregation, Mr. L. Tichener. The letter also discusses other Jewish publications in San Francisco.

Two-page letter written on the letterhead of the "Office Assistant Quartermaster, Bureau Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands," from D. Carvahlo in New Orleans to Reverend Isaac Leeser on April 19, 1866. The letter discusses business matters related to books, with Carvahlo expressing some frustration.

Autograph letter signed by D. Carvalho to Isaac Leeser, dated November 12, 1850. The letter was written from New York, New York, and discusses orders for books. A postmark indicates the letter was processed on October 15, 1851 in New York, New York.

This letter, dated August 26, 1851, was written by D. Lilienthal to Isaac Leeser from New York, New York. Lilienthal asks Leeser to help secure a teaching position for Dr. Zimmerman in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, referencing Leeser's previous assistance to Dr. Schwess. The letter highlights the network of support within the Jewish community at the time.

Four-page letter written by D. Salomon of Mobile, Alabama, on January 4, 1846, to Isaac Leeser. Salomon describes the consecration of Shaari Shomayin Synagogue in Mobile, his discourse at the ceremony, and discusses Leeser's requests for funds for the Jewish Publication Society and space in *The Occident* for Salomon's "Short Sermons."

A one-page letter written by D. Stein of Wheeling, West Virginia, to Isaac Leeser on July 17, 1854. The letter discusses issues with subscriptions for Bibles, specifically mentioning Messrs. Heyman & Block's refusal to accept their copies due to a misunderstanding about the type of Bible. Stein expresses regret about their actions and notes that this is not for publication. The letter also mentions the collection of over $300 by the Israelites of Wheeling and includes a copy of their meeting minutes.

A letter written by D. Winternitz in Anton Chico, New Mexico, on August 7, 1883, to C. Ilfeld in Las Vegas. The letter concerns merchandise.

One and one-half page letter written by David Cohen Labatt in New Orleans, Louisiana, on May 28, 1847, to Isaac Leeser. Labatt discusses the lack of sales for the *Occident* in New Orleans, citing apathy and a focus on money. He mentions Mr. Kursheedt. Labatt served as a Captain in the 5th Louisiana Infantry during the Civil War.

A one-page letter written by Daniel Stein from Wheeling, West Virginia to Isaac Leeser on March 21, 1854. Stein describes Jewish communal activities in Wheeling, including the election of Joel Eppinger as the congregation's shochet, hazzan, and teacher. He notes that the congregation, formed in 1849 as a cemetery association, has 25 to 30 members.

A one-page letter written by Daniel Wolff from New Orleans, Louisiana to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 28, 1849. The letter announces the establishment of the Hebrew Benevolent Society of New Orleans and lists its officers.

A one-page letter written by David Carvalho from New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia on December 5, 1850. The letter concerns prayer books ordered from Leeser. Carvalho identifies himself as the brother of S. N. Carvalho.

A 1 ¼ page letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 5, 1830. Judah offers advice to Leeser, who recently assumed his position at Mikveh Israel, cautioning him against overly critical behavior. The letter also includes local news, mentioning the closure of Leeser's uncle's store and the success of Sam Etting. Further correspondence between the two men is noted from 1826-1831 and 1848-1849, with a significant gap in between. David Judah is identified as a leading member of the Richmond Synagogue and a merchant, and also as an auctioneer who dealt in slaves.

A letter written by David Judah to Isaac Leeser on November 4, 1847, discussing the distribution of books, the financial affairs of the Occident, the prospects of a Mr. Block, and the recent death of Grace Aguilar. The letter was written from Baltimore, Maryland, and sent to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Two-page letter written by David Levy Yulee to J. W. Pearson on February 1, 1846, from Washington, D.C. The letter details Yulee's plans for a log house and was written during his first term as a U.S. Senator (1845-1851).

A one-page letter, dated March 6, 1855, from David Levy Yulee, President of the Florida Railroad, to Jas. E. Broome, Chairman. This is a secretarial copy of the letter. The letter discusses the Florida Railroad, its construction, and related matters. The letter is geographically relevant to Jacksonville, Florida, United States.

A letter written by David Lobo in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, to Isaac Leeser on December 30, 1847. Lobo details the circumcision of Benjamin Franklin Hendriques, son of Elias, mentioning the mohel (M.L. Ricardo), godparents, and other attendees. He also lists books he wishes to acquire.

Two-page letter (in German with translation) from Dr. A. Gunzburg to Isaac Leeser. Written in Baltimore, Maryland on November 28, 1853, Gunzburg offers to supply an article for Leeser and discusses the possibility of selling books at Leeser's Hebrew school. The letter references both Baltimore and Philadelphia.

A one-page letter written by Dr. A. S. Bettelheim, Rabbi of the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation, on July 5, 1887, documenting the conversion of Miss Katie Huber (given the Jewish name Deborah daughter of Abraham). The letter includes Dr. Bettelheim's stamp. This letter is one of nine documents from the Albert Sigfried Bettelheim archive.

A one-page letter dated November 29, 1854, from E. H. Lindo in Curaçao, Dutch West Indies, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Lindo discusses selling prayer books and prayer shawls for Leeser, requests a set of tefillin, and announces his impending emigration to Australia due to economic hardship in Curaçao.

A three-page letter written by E. Pyke from Kingston, Jamaica to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on February 16, 1847. The letter details Jewish institutional matters in Jamaica, family events, and lists subscribers to *The Occident*.

Four-page letter dated September 5, 1849, from Eleazer Bloch in New York City to Reverend Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Bloch details the failure of his attempt to establish a classical school for Jewish children in New York City, discusses his new career as a commission merchant, and shares family news. The letter provides a rare glimpse into the challenges of establishing Jewish educational institutions in 19th-century New York.

Three-part document consisting of a letter, Wells Fargo express receipt, and envelope. Eliza Cox, a widow in Salem, Oregon, writes to Asher Marks in Roseburg, Oregon on November 27, 1878, seeking help with a mining dispute involving her late husband's estate. The letter mentions harassment and defamation. A Wells Fargo receipt shows $47.00 was sent via express on November 29, 1878, to Marks on Mrs. Cox's behalf. Includes a newspaper obituary for Mrs. Cox, indicating she died on September 9, 1888, at age 73.

A one-page letter dated February 24, 1863, from Esther Levy, Matron of the Jewish Foster Home in Philadelphia, to Isaac Leeser. Levy requests the loan of a prayer book for the High Holidays. The letter's return address is the Jewish Foster Home Society of Philadelphia, located at 1431 North 15th Street. The letter is undated, but internal evidence suggests a date between 1860 and 1863.

Letter dated May 24, 1890, from Ferdinand Levy, Deputy Collector at the New York City Custom House, to George Randorf in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter concerns baggage belonging to Benjamin Chercosky, detained in the Empire Warehouse Company's General Orders Stores after his arrival from Brazil on April 15th aboard the S.S. Advance. The letter is written on official letterhead.

Memorandum from Ferdinand Levy, Coroner's Office of New York, to George Randorf, Esq., referencing an enclosed self-explanatory letter. Written on letterhead from the Coroner's Office, 67 Park Row, New York, NY. Dated July 15, 1890.

This letter, written circa 1885 on Frank Muhr's personal stationery, is addressed to Mayer Sulzberger at 1303 Girard Avenue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Muhr congratulates Sulzberger on a new position.

Letter written by G. Myers to Isaac Leeser on December 13, 1848, concerning subscriptions. The letter was written from Montgomery, Alabama, and addressed to Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A letter dated January 10, 1878, from G. W. Amar & Co. to Joseph Garfunkel in Columbia, South Carolina. The letter encloses $2.00 for two bottles of Dr. Brooks' Wine of Tar.

Stampless letter sent from George Barstows in Portsmouth, New Hampshire to N. Moses in Amherst, Massachusetts, on October 18, 1844, accepting a speaking engagement. The letter is housed in the University of Pennsylvania Library's collection of Judaica Americana.

Letter from George Randorf, former agent of the Association of Jewish Immigrants, to Louis E. Levy, President of the Association, dated November 17, 1890. Randorf informs Levy that he has sent all the papers he could find from his work with the Association and that he attempted to resign his position as a government interpreter per Levy's request, but his resignation was not accepted. The letter was written from 616 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA.

Letter from George Raudorf, agent of the Association of Jewish Immigrants, to Hon. Ferdinand Levy, concerning the delayed baggage of Benjamin Chercosky in New York. Raudorf requests an update on the case. The letter is written on Association of Jewish Immigrants letterhead and dated July 11, 1890. The letter originates from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and references New York, New York.

Four-page letter dated April 5, 1854, from Gershom Kursheedt in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter details Kursheedt's plans for the return and burial of Judah Touro's remains in Newport, Rhode Island, including specifics about the ceremonies and the allocation of funds for Leeser's proposed Educational Society.

Three-page letter written by Gershom Kursheedt in New Orleans, Louisiana on December 3, 1853, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses Kursheedt's concerns regarding Leeser's confrontational nature and his objections to elements of Dr. Wise's Reform Judaism. Kursheedt advises Leeser to direct criticism towards enemies rather than friends. The correspondence highlights the relationship between two men who would later become executors of Judah Touro's estate. Kursheedt was the publisher of the *New Orleans Commercial Times* and a communal leader.

A four-page letter written by H. Lowenthal to Isaac Leeser on June 24, 1857, from Lafayette, Indiana. The letter contains a series of questions concerning philosophical, theological, and ritual slaughter practices. Lowenthal expresses urgency for a prompt response from Leeser.

A letter dated August 9, 1866, from Mr. Haart of Trenton, New Jersey, to Isaac Leeser of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Haart apologizes for an incident involving Leeser's mentally unbalanced son and requests Leeser to discipline and send the son home if he returns.

A three-page letter written by Harriet Hendricks in New York City to Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, on February 9, 1846. The letter contains family news, gossip, and details about the Hendricks family.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Hayman Levy in Camden, South Carolina, to Henry Tobias in New York City on January 19, 1843. The letter appears to discuss a potential marriage between Levy's daughter and an unnamed individual.

Autograph letter signed from Henri Pionsseau to Mayer Sulzberger, discussing personal matters. Written in French, the letter is dated August 18, 1880, and originates from Paris, France.

A one-page letter written by Henry Auerbach, Secretary of the United Hebrew Congregation in St. Louis, Missouri, to Isaac Leeser on May 30, 1864. Auerbach inquires about the qualifications of Henry Vidaver, a former rabbi of Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for a position in St. Louis.

A four-page letter written by Henry Goldsmith, a Hebrew school teacher, to Isaac Leeser in New York City on May 9, 1847. Goldsmith discusses his views on the English translation of Genesis 3:22 and proposes further reflections on scripture for publication in *The Occident*. This letter was published in *The Occident*, Volume 5, 1847.

Handwritten letter from Henry J. Labatt in San Francisco to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, dated October 31, 1853. Labatt informs Leeser of the newly elected officers of Congregation Emanu-El in its fourth year. The letter lists the officers and provides details about the congregation's activities and the status of San Francisco Jewry, including information about Rabbi Julius Eckman.

A two-page letter written by Henry Myers, secretary of the United Hebrew Congregation of St. Louis, Missouri, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 6, 1849. The letter details the significant growth of the congregation, noting attendance at High Holidays and praising their new Hazzan, Nathan Davidson. This letter was subsequently published in *The Occident* (Vol. VII, No. 9, Kislev 5610, December 1849).

Letter from Henry S. Allen to Isaac Leeser expressing gratitude for a free advertisement for their seventh anniversary ball. Written in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 19, 1848.

A one-page letter dated September 4, 1859, from Henry Shway to Rabbi Isaac Leeser. The letter requests that Leeser note in his publication the establishment of Beth El Hebrew Congregation in Alexandria, Virginia. The letter, written by the congregation's first secretary, lists the names of its officers. This letter was exhibited at the Virginia Historical Society and is featured in *Commonwealth & Community* on page 25.

A one and one-half page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 17, 1851. Baldwin discusses his health, travel plans, and merchandise. He mentions his previous partnership with Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before relocating to New Orleans in 1842.

A two-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 6, 1851. Baldwin discusses his health, his move from a medical practice in Newark to one in New York City, and the need to reach a new agreement with Tobias. He suggests Tobias visit New Orleans.

A two-page, stampless letter written by I. A. Melhado to Henry Tobias in London, England, on February 22, 1846. The letter expresses regret at Henry and Augusta's impending return to America due to Henry's health, and mentions U.S. bank bonds left by Melhado's aunt.

A letter written by I. I. Isaacs, secretary of the Hebrew Free School Association, to Isaac Leeser on March 15, 1866. The letter requests a duplicate statement of account for books and other purchases, as the original statement has been misplaced. The letter is addressed from 510 Broadway, New York, New York. This is letter #4 of 9 in a larger collection.

A two-page letter written by I. Levinson of Cincinnati, Ohio to W. B. Hackenberg of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 7, 1868. Levinson disputes a $25.00 bill from the estate of Isaac Leeser, relating to the Occident and American Jewish Advocate. A handwritten note by Hackenberg on the second page suggests a partial payment.

Letter written by I.I. Cohen from Rome, NY (?), dated May 17, 1857, to Isaac Leeser. Cohen inquires about a potential debt, referencing a gift of a copy of *The Occident* to Mrs. Cohen.

Three-page letter written by Isaac Hackenburg in Cincinnati, Ohio on November 21, 1853, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Hackenburg discusses the election of Isaac Mayer Wise as the new minister of the Cincinnati congregation, offering his perspective on the congregation's composition and Wise's suitability. He also inquires about a public debate between Poznanski and Wise, and Raphael and Rosenfeld, and a minor shohet scandal in Savannah.

Two-page letter written by Isaac Hart in Detroit, Michigan to Isaac Leeser on February 14, 1867. Hart explains his reasons for not joining a congregation in Detroit after two years of residence and describes a 45-member social club he has formed. The letter is written on the letterhead of D. J. Workum, purveyor of hats, caps, and men's furnishing goods.

A one and one-half page letter written by Isaac Hart from New Orleans, Louisiana on March 8, 1854, to Isaac Leeser. Hart describes the success of the Jewish Benevolent Society's ball held on March 7, 1854, and discusses business matters related to books.

Three-page letter dated October 14, 1849, from Isaac Hart in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Hart, a trustee of the Congregation Sherith Israel (Shanarai-Chasset), discusses the search for a new rabbi, congregational apathy, his own burdens as a trustee, and the Portuguese Congregation's criticism of Leeser's new Bible. The letter provides insight into 19th-century congregational life in New Orleans.

Three-page letter written by Isaac Hart in New Orleans, Louisiana, on September 29, 1862, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Hart describes High Holiday services at the Portuguese and Polish synagogues in New Orleans and details the new Jewish burial ground. He was a successful merchant and former president of Congregation Sherith Israel.

Two-page letter written by Isaac Hays from Philadelphia to Dr. B. R. Wellford on February 4, 1852. Hays, editor of the *American Journal of Medical Sciences* (1827-1869), writes to Wellford, president of the American Medical Society. This letter offers insight into the relationship between these two key figures in the development of medicine as a profession in the United States.

A letter written in German by Isaac Leeser on June 25, 1854, in Baltimore, Maryland. The recipient's name is undecipherable.

A letter written by Isaac Leeser to Charles Baland in Hartland, Wisconsin on November 29, 1851. Leeser orders several copies of *The Occident* and notes he will order more if circumstances permit. The letter is addressed to "371 Walnut Street...Editor of Occident."

A two-page letter written by Isaac Leeser in New York City to S. Wolff in Philadelphia on September 7, 1851. Leeser discusses his book business and lecture tour, including a cancelled booking in Syracuse and his plans to travel to Boston and other cities.

A three-page letter written by Isaac Leeser to Solomon Nunes Carvalho on August 23, 1852, discussing details of local events and offering advice on handling attacks against Leeser in the *Asmonean*, a Jewish periodical. The letter highlights Leeser's involvement in religious controversies and the support he received from his friends.

This is a faded and stained letter signed by Isaac Leeser, addressed to the "Teachers of the Educational Society School" in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter, dated October 23 (year unclear, but circa 1851 based on contextual information), appears to be sent to "Teachers of the U Educational Society of Phia" The legibility of the letter is poor and requires color adjustment to ascertain the English text. The Educational Society, founded in 1848, opened its first school in 1851. The letter is housed in Arc.MS.56, Box 3, Folder 5.

A two-and-a-half-page letter written by Isaac Leeser to his uncle, Zalma Rehine, on January 5, 1836. From Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Leeser vividly describes his duties as Hazan at Mikveh Israel. The letter was sent to Rehine in care of Judah Block in Baltimore, Maryland.

A three-page letter written by Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to his uncle, Zalma Rehine, in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 20, 1837. The letter details the financial aspects of Leeser's book publishing ventures and discusses his concerns regarding his upcoming re-election to a congregational position.

A letter written by Isaac Leeser from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 5, 1866, announcing admission to the Pittsburgh Bar.

Three-page letter written by Isaac Strouse to Isaac Leeser on December 23, 1852, from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Strouse discusses his recently written book, a translation and interpretation of D. Ottensoser's work on Josephus, and requests Leeser's review and mention in *The Occident*. The letter also includes a list of approximately 40 previous issues of *The Occident* that Strouse wishes to purchase.

A one and a half page letter written in German (with English translation) from Isidor Bush in New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated February 16, 1849. Bush apologizes to Leeser for starting a competing Jewish weekly newspaper, *Israel's Herald*, expressing concern about its impact on Leeser's *The Occident*. Bush discusses the newspaper's short-lived existence and his subsequent move to St. Louis.

Two-page letter written by Isidor Bush on January 6, 1851, from St. Louis, Missouri, to Reverend Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Bush details his financial struggles and despair after his business failed in New York City. A second, German-language letter to Dormitzer in New York City is also included, discussing debts and a request to reinstate a subscription to *The Occident*.

A one and one-quarter page letter, written in German with a translation, from Isidor Bush in St. Louis, Missouri to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 6, 1857. Bush requests Leeser to review an article and includes personal commentary.

A letter written in 1800 in Newport, Rhode Island, from Issachar Polock to Moses Seixas. Polock complains about a past legal judgment against him and mentions other debtors and a debt of $399.

A one-page letter written by J. Lanfirtz from Fort Wayne, Indiana to Isaac Leeser on November 23, 1865. The letter discusses the Reform Movement in Judaism, noting the bitterness and potential for lasting conflict between factions.

A one-page letter dated December 6, 1848, from J. Myer in Montgomery, Alabama, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses the election of officers and the rental of a synagogue in Montgomery. Signatories include P. Krans (VP), Emanuel Lehman (Secretary), Henry Weil (Treasurer), M. Englander (Trustee), and Charles Levy (Trustee). This letter pertains to the establishment of the first synagogue in Montgomery, Alabama, initially organized as the Orthodox Congregation Kahl Montgomery.

A one-page letter written by J. Phillips of New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia on May 11, 1842. Phillips discusses opening a boarding house for Jewish individuals and inquires about Leeser's niece, Rachel Pesoa.

Three-page letter written by J. R. Hershorn to Isaac Leeser on October 4, 1858, from Providence, Rhode Island, detailing a surprise celebration for the retirement of Solomon Pareira, president and founder of the Sons of Israel and David. Hershorn describes the goblet presented to Pareira and includes the text of Pareira's retirement address. The letter also mentions numerous other individuals.

This one and a half page letter, dated November 21, 1856, was written by J.H. Hockstaeder in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to Isaac Leeser. Hockstaeder expresses his pleasure at having recently visited Leeser in Philadelphia and requests that Leeser send copies of *The Occident* to Milwaukee. He also inquires about whether *The Occident* contains a notice regarding the German congregation of Milwaukee and asks Leeser to send copies to the congregation's president and other officers, offering to pay for them. The letter includes Hockstaeder's return address in Milwaukee, care of E.M. Mayer's box. A historical note mentions that the first congregation in Milwaukee was established in 1847, with a second in 1852; both merged to form B'ne Jeshurun in 1856, the same year this letter was written.

A one and one-half page letter written by Jacob De la Motta Jr. in Savannah, Georgia, on March 19, 1837, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. De la Motta expresses his admiration for Leeser's work on behalf of Judaism and acknowledges the receipt of books.

Autograph letter from Jacob De la Motta to Isaac Leeser discussing the publicity for De la Motta's recently published book, *Instruction in the Mosaic Religion*, and expressing regret over the illness of Etting. The letter was written in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and sent to Charleston, South Carolina on May 27, 1830.

Seven-page letter written by Jacob Ezekiel of Richmond, Virginia, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 27, 1866. The letter discusses the post-Civil War rebuilding of Richmond's Jewish community, including proposals for publishing Leeser's collected works and the potential restructuring of the city's congregations. Ezekiel, a prominent Richmond merchant and communal leader, offers detailed insights into the political and social dynamics of the time.

A one-page letter written by Jacob Green, Professor of Chemistry at Jefferson Medical College, to Dr. J.J. Cohen on April 4, 1837. From Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Green discusses returning fossils to Cohen that were used in a paper presented at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia on January 24, 1837. He also mentions sending a copy of his speech later.

A one-page stampless letter dated December 11, 1838, from Dr. Jacob Green in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Dr. J. J. Cohen in Baltimore, Maryland. Green, Professor of Chemistry at Jefferson Medical College, thanks Cohen for sending fossils he examined.

One-page letter written by Jacob Grumbaum to Rabbi Isaac Leeser on June 17, 1864, from San Francisco, California. Written on stationery from H. Cohn & Co., Importers of Clothing, 413 & 415 Sacramento Street. Grumbaum discusses an article in *The Gleaner* and references the I.O.B.B. (Independent Order of B'nai B'rith). He also requests that Leeser discontinue the subscription of *The Occident* for Mr. Herrmann Grumbaum, who is now a resident of New York City.

One-page letter written in German from Jacob Herzog to Isaac Leeser on December 12, 1856, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The letter announces the chartering of Congregation Shaarai Shomayim, lists its officers (Abraham Hirsch, VP; Simon Erlanger, Sec; Henry Lieben, Treas; L. Baum, Trustee; Joseph Strauss, Trustee; Jsav Mann, Trustee), and provides the congregation's name in Hebrew. This letter documents the establishment of the first congregation in Lancaster since the late 1700s and reflects the second wave of German Jewish immigration to the United States. Later, Herzog was accused of receiving stolen goods, lost his standing in the community, and committed suicide in December 1858.

A one-page letter written by Jacob Leeser to his brother, Isaac Leeser, in Baltimore, Maryland on December 29, 1833. The letter discusses family and friends, including a mention of Miss Cozen, Isaac's housekeeper. This letter is notable for its rarity, as Jacob Leeser's correspondence is scarce.

This archival object consists of a letter written by Jacob M. Cohen to Isaac Leeser on March 8, 1867, in Baltimore, Maryland. The letter concerns a subscription. This is letter #2 of 9 in this lot.

A brief note dated November 28, 1853, from Jacob Mark to Congregation B'nai Jeshurun in New York, New York, submitting a $50.00 payment for a printing job.

A one-page letter written in broken English from Jacob May(s) to Isaac Leeser on April 11, 1864, in Keokuk, Iowa. The letter discusses a prayer book order and mentions a congregational meeting. Some Hebrew is included. The name of the congregation is partially illegible.

Autograph letter from Jacob Rodrigues Peynado of Hackney, London, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated August 15, 1849. Peynado, a contributor to *The Occident*, discusses the pedagogical error of forbidding children from reading the New Testament, arguing that it leaves Jewish youth unprepared to defend their faith against Christian inquiries. He proposes that Jews should instead teach the New Testament critically.

A brief handwritten letter from Jacob Wicker to Joseph Lopez dated July 5, 1781, requesting the delivery of funds to a third party. The letter suggests a possible New York City connection.

Letter written by James E. Rhoads to Dr. Paul Haupt on Bryn Mawr College letterhead, discussing college business. Dated August 25, 1885, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.

Letter written on March 15, 1886, from James E. Rhoads to Dr. Paul Haupt. The letter, written on Bryn Mawr College letterhead, discusses the trustees' decision to offer Dr. Haupt a professorship at Bryn Mawr College.

Letter written by James E. Rhoads to Dr. Paul Haupt on February 19, 1886, on Bryn Mawr College letterhead. The letter discusses college business and includes a request for Dr. Haupt to give lectures at Bryn Mawr College.

A one-page, signed letter dated August 28, 1785, written in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by James Monroe to Bernard Gratz. Monroe, a member of the Continental Congress at the time, thanks Gratz for his efforts in obtaining cash but notes he has found another source.

Letter written on the letterhead of the Office of U.S. Superintendent of Immigration, Barge Office, New York, New York, by James R. O'Beirne to Ferdinand Levy on July 12, 1890. The letter pertains to the retrieval of baggage belonging to Benjamin Chercosky. The letter's address is 67th Park Row, New York, NY.

Three-page letter from Jesse Joseph in Montreal, Canada, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated February 17, 1848. Joseph offers business advice, comments on the Canadian economy and social scene, and critiques Jewish institutions in Montreal.

Letter written on official letterhead from John B. Weber, Superintendent of Immigration at the Office of U.S. Superintendent of Immigration, Barge Office, New York, to the Hon. Ferdinand Levy on May 16, 1890. The letter concerns the baggage of Benjamin Chercosky, which was being held. The letter references previous correspondence between Levy and General O'Beirne and a letter from Mr. Raudorf.

Three-page letter dated April 26, 1852, from John Hall of Newton, Massachusetts, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia. Hall expresses gratitude for a loan of Mendelssohn's treatise and reflects on the diversity of human interpretations of scripture. The letter suggests the writer was a theologian.

Letter from Jon. Ehrlich, Agent of the Association of Jewish Immigrants, to Louis E. Levy, President of the Association of Jewish Immigrants. Written on organizational letterhead, the letter discusses the Lerman family and their need for assistance in sending money to New York to retrieve their baggage from Russia. Philadelphia, PA and New York, NY. September 25, 1890.

A one-page letter written in German (with an English translation) from Jonas Goldsmith in Baltimore, Maryland to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 7, 1861. Goldsmith requests a subscription at half price, referencing a similar offer made by Dr. Wise to educators.

A letter written in 1860 from Jose Joaquin Perez to Joshua I. Cohen of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter mentions Perez's upcoming visit to William Hart of Quebec and contains references to Baltimore and the Jewish community.

A one-page letter written by José Silvestre Rebello in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Professor Joshua Cohen in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 12, 1838. Rebello requests that two barrels of sugar be given to a Mr. Nathan in Washington, D.C., for the benefit of Josephine Cohn (Cohen), an orphan under Nathan's wife's care. Rebello explains that he would send more but is financially constrained by the current government.

Three-page letter written by Joseph Abraham in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on October 14, 1858. The letter provides personal insight into the Wise Reform controversy, with Abraham referring to Isaac Mayer Wise as "Saint Isaac Myer Wise" and criticizing Wise's actions.

Three-page letter written by Joseph Abraham in Cincinnati, Ohio, on September 5, 1865, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abraham discusses the recent dedication of a "progressive Jewish Temple" in Cincinnati and criticizes Reform Judaism, expressing concern about the rejection of traditional Jewish beliefs and practices. He describes himself as "marked" by Reformers for his outspoken opposition.

Letter from Joseph Bloomingdale to Isaac Leeser inviting him to a ball on February 22, 1867. The letter features the embossed seal of a lodge with an oil derrick, indicating its founding in 1866. The letter was written from Franklin, New York, a boomtown located 10 miles from Titusville, where oil was first discovered approximately two years prior.

Autograph letter signed (ALS) in French by Joseph Bonaparte, written from Point Breeze, Philadelphia, on June 7, 1831, to President Andrew Jackson. The letter discusses Rebecca Gratz, a noted Jewish-American educator and philanthropist. The letter is one page, written on both sides, measuring 8 x 10 inches.

A letter written by Joseph Brandon to Isaac Leeser on February 21, 1853, from New York City. Brandon informs Leeser that he will be unable to attend a dinner for the Education Society and returns his ticket. The letter also includes background information on the Education Society, its founding in 1848 by Isaac Leeser, its charter received in 1849, its first school opened in 1851, and its acquisition of a church building in 1854 thanks to a legacy from Judah Touro.

A letter written by Joseph Harris on January 30, 1862, from Summerville, South Carolina, to Jefferson Davis, denouncing J.T. Montgomery, Captain of the Jeff Davis Flying Artillery, as a drunkard and urging Davis to force his resignation and press charges. The letter includes endorsements by Jefferson Davis (February 5, 1862) and Judah P. Benjamin (February 6, 1862).

A one and a half page letter from Joseph R. Blaudon (?), dated February 2, 1853, in New York City, providing Isaac Leeser with a brief update on Jewish charitable institutions in New York City. The letter is written in English.

Autograph letter written by Joshua I. Cohen to Isaac Leeser on May 13, 1849, from Baltimore. The letter, spanning 2 1/2 pages (8 x 10 inches), discusses personal matters, including the arrival of a friend, Henry, from Norfolk; concerns about postal expenses and a parcel's delivery; inquiries about a Hebrew character; and news about Mr. Rice's resignation from the synagogue and his plans to open a store. Cohen's small handwriting, which includes some Hebrew words, is described as difficult to decipher. The letter is signed 'Your friend C.' but is definitively identified as Cohen's through comparison with a photostatic copy of an 1848 letter with his full signature. The back sheet of the letter serves as a cover addressed to Leeser, showing the postal surcharge. The letter is accompanied by photostats of his Letter of 1848 to Leeser.

Two-page letter written by Joshua I. Cohen to Isaac Leeser from Baltimore on September 10, 1848 (5608). The letter discusses Hebrew subjects of mutual interest, referencing a previous letter (HCA catalog No. 765, September 21, 2006). Cohen's writing, described as small and untidy, includes some Hebrew words. He mentions a woman whose character he discusses, and invites Leeser to visit the new synagogue in Baltimore upon its consecration. The verso acts as a cover sheet with Leeser's address. The letter also includes biographical information about the Cohen family of Baltimore, tracing their origins from Bavaria to their prominence in the Baltimore Jewish community and municipal life starting in the early 19th century.

A letter written by Joshua I. Cohen in Baltimore, Maryland on June 10, 1851. The letter pertains to the collection of American documents. Cohen co-founded an eye and ear clinic in Baltimore in 1840 with Dr. Chew and was also a professor of mineralogy. His library of Hebraica and Judaica was donated to Dropsie College in 1915.

A letter written circa 1885 by Jozef Israels to Van Tropot (?). The letter discusses Van Tropot's visit to the Queen and expresses hope for a positive outcome. It also mentions an upcoming visit and suggests a close friendship between the writers. The letter mentions 'ASD...Israels'.

A brief letter written entirely in Hebrew by Judah Middleman to Isaac Leeser from New York City, circa 1850. Middleman inquires about the delivery of two bottles of "Bitelen" via Adams Express. Middleman was a matzah baker known for advocating for handmade matzah and serving as President of Beth Hamidrash.

A two-page letter written by Judah P. Benjamin to General John C. Breckinridge on May 22, 1867, in London, England. The letter discusses a post-war meeting to discuss Confederate accounts. The letter is entirely in Benjamin's hand and includes his signature.

Letter written by K. J. Levy to Mayer Sulzberger concerning an appointment with a physician. The letter is dated circa 1880 and mentions a location in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Northwest corner of Arch and 13th Streets.

A three-page letter written by L. Carr from Columbia, South Carolina, to Reverend Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 1867. The letter describes the efforts to revive Orthodox Judaism in Columbia following the Civil War, including details about fundraising, the establishment of a temple and Sunday school, and a visit from Leeser himself. It provides insights into the challenges faced by the Jewish community in the South during Reconstruction.

A 1 ¼ page letter written by L. Jarodawski of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 11, 1852. Jarodawski describes the illness and impending death of Mr. Levy, who had traveled to Pittsburgh from Philadelphia. He appeals to Leeser to mediate with Mr. Levy's brother, Tobias, concerning the financial burden placed on Pittsburgh's small Jewish community (30 families) by Mr. Levy's illness and inability to pay.

A one-page letter written by L. Leopold on Mackinac Island, Michigan, to Isaac Leeser on October 23, 1849. The letter discusses a donation to Jerusalem, the importance of educating youth, and a subscription renewal to *The Occident*. This letter may be one of the earliest extant documents pertaining to religious matters from Michigan.

A four-page letter from Mrs. L. M. Ritterband of New York City to Isaac Leeser, dated December 13, 1857. Ritterband discusses her son, a skilled stone carver, who faces discrimination due to his Jewish faith, and appeals to Leeser to highlight her son's plight in his editorial work for the *Occident*. The letter also addresses themes of Jewish identity and the importance of trades for Jewish youth.

A two-page letter written by Lem Hillman to Isaac Leeser on May 8, 1853, from Nashville, Tennessee. Hillman describes the activities of the small Nashville Jewish congregation, their plans for incorporation, and their use of Leeser's periodical, The Occident, for disseminating news.

A letter written by Leo L. Demery to Isaac Leeser on July 24, 1850, from New Orleans, Louisiana. The letter concerns Demery's non-receipt of a copy of *The Occident*, a prominent 19th-century American Jewish periodical edited by Leeser.

A single-page letter written by Leopold Weiskopf in Charleston, South Carolina on May 28, 1868, to the estate of Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Weiskopf disputes a bill for a subscription to Leeser's *The Occident*, stating he only subscribed the previous year. He requests the bill and asks that the publication be stopped due to financial constraints. A penciled notation by the estate reads, “send bill as above / W.B.H.” The letter is referenced in *The Jews of South Carolina* by B. A. Elzas (1905), noting Weiskopf's service with Company D of the South Carolina Regiment of Reserves.

Two-page letter written by Levi H. Levingston in Bethania, North Carolina, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 25, 1860. Levingston inquires about biblical interpretations and thanks Leeser for previously ordered books. The letter reflects on his impending departure from Bethania at the outset of the Civil War.

A two-part letter written on July 23, 1854, from Berlin, Marquette County, Wisconsin. The first part, by M. Markwell, concerns a subscription payment. The second part, by Levi Lavenberg, informs Isaac Leeser of his relocation from Yazoo City, Mississippi, requests a subscription cancellation, and inquires about the availability of Leeser's Polish/German minhag.

A one and a half page letter dated June 8, 1852, from Lewis Abraham in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abraham inquires about various synagogue practices in the United States concerning seating charges and ownership, noting the 'thoughtless management' of Jewish legislation on the continent. He mentions forming a committee to consider policy in Cincinnati and plans to contact other religious leaders and laity.

One-page letter from Lewis Abraham in Cincinnati, Ohio to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated May 18, 1847. The letter pertains to business matters related to *The Occident*, a prominent 19th-century American Jewish periodical.

Autograph letter signed from Louis M. Slutsky to Isaac Leeser, written in Buffalo, New York on December 17, 1853. Slutsky expresses his interest in translation work and seeks employment opportunities.

A one-page letter written in German (with a provided translation) by Louis Spanier of Albany, New York, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 4, 1850. Spanier expresses his disdain for Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise and urges Leeser to publicly censure him. The letter foreshadows a contentious event at Beth-El in Albany the following month.

A single-page letter from M. A. Mitchell, president of the United Hebrew Beneficient Society in Philadelphia, to Isaac Leeser, dated August 24, 1866. Mitchell informs Leeser that the Society lacks funds and is unable to provide relief, requesting that Leeser refrain from issuing recommendations for charity. This letter provides insight into the financial difficulties and eventual dissolution of the Society around 1869.

A letter written by M. I. Cohen on June 19, 1904, accompanied by a lithograph and a matching envelope. The letter and lithograph are mentioned in the original description. Geographic location is inferred from the coordinates provided in the metadata as near Jacksonville, Florida.

A three-quarter page letter written by M. I. Tobias to T. I. Tobias in New York City, circa 1837. The letter discusses family matters and the writer's travels.

A one-and-a-half-page letter from M. J. Isaacs, headmaster of the Hebrew Free School in New York City, to Isaac Leeser, dated June 23, 1865. Isaacs requests copies of Leeser's Catechism, along with 150 copies of the Ten Commandments and Creeds printed on cards. This request highlights the use of Leeser's educational materials in the Hebrew Free School, established in 1864 to counteract the proselytizing efforts of Christian missionaries.

A one-page letter written by M. M. Davis of New York, New York, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 9, 1866. Davis requests Leeser's assistance in finding a Catholic orphanage in Philadelphia to train a young girl in domestic service, citing Leeser's extensive connections with charitable institutions. He also inquires about Leeser's health. The letter includes a few lines of response in Leeser's handwriting.

Three-page letter dated October 1, 1850, from Rabbi M. N. Nathan and Gershom Kursheedt in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Rabbi Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses the contract between K.K. Beni Israel and Rabbi Nathan, expresses indignation at Leeser's treatment by Mikveh Israel Congregation, and offers advice regarding Leeser's future.

One-page letter from M. N. Nathan to Isaac Leeser written in London, England on November 21, 1854. Nathan describes an emergency visit due to the death of his sister's husband, leaving him to care for the widow and three children. He sends regards to Rebecca Gratz. This letter is one of six in the collection from Nathan to Leeser.

A letter written by M. S. Isaacs to Mayer Sulzberger on August 7, 1884, concerning a meeting of the Executive Board of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. The letter was sent to Sulzberger at 115 Broadway, New York, NY.

Two-page letter from M. W. (Morris) Strouse, Corresponding Secretary of the newly formed Congregation B'nei B'rith in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, to Isaac Leeser. Dated August 14, 1849, the letter outlines the resolutions of the congregation, announces its consecration on August 31, 1849, with Reverend S. M. Isaacs delivering the sermon, and requests the sale of prayer books on commission.

Letter from M. Wolfson to Isaac A. Isaacs regarding funds. Dated May 4, 1883, Hamilton, Georgia. The recipient, Isaac A. Isaacs, resided in Cleveland, Ohio.

A one-page, stampless letter written by M.B. Seixas to Tobias I. Tobias on September 3, 1834, in New York, concerning a synagogue controversy. The letter is part of a three-part correspondence, addressing Tobias's involvement and the status of accounts with the congregation.

A letter dated February 25, 1849, from M.N. Daurt to Isaac Leeser, discussing the sale of prayer books and other incidents. The letter was written in Curaçao, Dutch West Indies, and concerns events in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Two-page letter written by Marcus Adler of London, England to Samuel Etting in Baltimore, Maryland on January 14, 1858. The letter, part of the Etting/Carvalho Archive at Beit Yisrael Sefardi, discusses [add specific topic if discernible from the letter's content].

Four-page letter written by Mariam Gratz Hays to Rebecca Gratz on July 1, 1841. Hays writes from Bordentown, New Jersey, to Gratz in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses family matters and provides insight into their lives. This unpublished letter was found tipped into Rebecca Gratz's family Bible.

A letter written by Matilda Cohen to Isaac Leeser on November 10, 1858, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cohen apologizes on behalf of the H.H.B. Society for not sending Leeser a special invitation to their anniversary meeting.

Letter written by Mayer Sulzberger to twenty-six Philadelphia Jews on May 24, 1880, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter concerns an invitation to a dinner prior to Sulzberger's European trip, and it relates to items 20.679 through 20.683, which concern his European trip, the Board of Delegates of American Israelites, and issues of European Jewry.

A one-page letter written by Mendes I. Cohen of Baltimore, Maryland to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 22, 1849. Cohen writes on behalf of Rev. S. M. Isaacs of New York City, requesting Leeser to publicize the job search of Rev. Professor David M. Isaacs of Liverpool, England, who was seeking a position in the United States.

A letter written by Merrill Brown in Fort Sumner, New Mexico, to Joseph Rosenwald in New York City on August 29, 1868. Brown requests Rosenwald's assistance for a friend visiting the United States for the first time. Rosenwald was on a buying trip in New York City and was bringing his new wife to Los Vegas, New Mexico.

A one-page lithographed letter dated March 1, 1845, from Mordecai Manuel Noah to George Folsom. The letter discusses Noah's involvement in the publication of "The National Volume," a proposed anthology of works by prominent American writers. The letter includes details about the publishers, C. Wells & Co., and the intended scope and timeline of the project. The letter is postmarked New York City, March 27, 1845, and addressed to Folsom in Albany, New York. The signature and date are in Noah's hand.

A one-and-a-quarter page letter dated May 28, 1858, from Morris Ehrlick, President of the Berith Shalom Congregation in Charleston, South Carolina, to Alexander Oelsner. The letter discusses the need for a hazan and a mohel, emphasizing the necessity of a single individual capable of performing both roles and reading in Polish. It also includes a request for blessings for Oelsner and the congregation. The letter features a stamped seal of the Brith Sholom Beth Israel Congregation.

Autograph letter signed by Moses Lindo to Isaac Leeser, written in Curaçao on September 10, 1852. The letter discusses Leeser's sales of prayer books and other religious items, and expresses well wishes for the upcoming High Holidays.

Three-page letter written by Moses Mendes Sollas of Buff Bay, St. George's, Jamaica, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 14, 1844. Sollas, a wealthy merchant and lay leader of K.K. Shahar Ashamaim synagogue in Kingston, requests information on firms exporting spiced beef to Jamaica. The letter also contains advice to Leeser regarding his efforts to organize the American Jewish community and observations on the wealthy, along with book orders.

Four-page letter written by Moses N. Nathan on May 23, 1863, from Kingston, Jamaica, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter offers insights into Nathan's views on slavery and the American Civil War, commenting on the labor force in Jamaica and the impact of the war. This is one of four letters in the collection from Nathan to Leeser.

A half-page transmittal letter from Moses Shloss (?) to Isaac Leeser, mentioning Feist Traub and discussing the minutes of a new congregation. The letter lacks a date and city of origin, but internal evidence places it in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

This archival item consists of a two-page letter written by Mr. D. Reily to Reverend Isaac Leeser on March 29, 1855. The letter discusses a subscription to Leeser's Bible and expresses concern about appearing unkind. The letter is item #8 of a set of nine letters.

A two-page personal letter written by Mrs. A. Bloch to Isaac Leeser on May 22, 1835. The letter was written from Baltimore, Maryland, and discusses Mrs. Bloch's feelings about not hearing from Leeser, her family life, and her sadness related to a recent loss in Leeser's family. It offers insight into Leeser's relationships with friends who had immigrated from Europe to the United States.

A short, neatly penned letter from Mrs. Meyers to Isaac Leeser inviting him to their daughter's wedding. The letter includes its original envelope. Dated March 24, 1850.

Letter written by Myer S. Isaacs to Isaac Leeser on July 21, 1863, on the letterhead of "The Jewish Messenger." The letter acknowledges Leeser's request to convene a meeting of the "Board of Delegates." Isaacs, a prominent New York attorney and judge, discusses the request.

A one-page letter from N. Van Bell to Isaac Leeser, dated March 12, 1860, informing him of the election of James Newhouse and the writer as delegates to represent their congregation on the Board of American Israelites. The letter was written in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Letter written on Morning Oregonian letterhead by Newman J. (Joe) Levinson in Portland, Oregon, to William Friedlander in Roseburg, Oregon, on May 7, 1882. Levinson requests a crop report for Douglas County. The letter is accompanied by a 3-cent bank note cover. An obituary for Levinson, published in The Oregon Daily Journal on March 30, 1909, describes him as a leading citizen and pioneer of Portland.

A one-page letter written by Nicholas Biddle from Frankford, Pennsylvania, to Thomas Wilson in New Orleans, Louisiana on July 29, 1826. The letter discusses the protested notes of S. Gratz & Brothers and Samuel Hays, informing Wilson of their failure. The letter measures 8" x 12" and includes an integral address leaf. Expected folds and toning are present, along with a V-notch in the address leaf that does not affect the text. The letter is in very good condition.

A one and one-half page letter dated June 14, 1849, from O. W. Daurt in Curaçao, Dutch West Indies, to Isaac Leeser. The letter contains news about various Jews in Curaçao, including updates on the Sunday school.

Autograph letter from P. Levi to Isaac Leeser, dated January 7, 1840. Written from New York, New York, the letter requests the return of letters previously sent to Leeser. The letter is sent via unstamped cover.

A one-and-a-half-page letter written on the letterhead of Robbins, Calhoun & Co. in New York City, dated September 19, 1865. Philip Runkel writes to Isaac Leeser about his visit to New York City and his intention to interview hazanim (cantors) on behalf of the Hebrew Spanish-Portuguese Synagogue in New Orleans, Louisiana. Runkel conveys greetings from the synagogue's president, Mr. Levy.

A thank-you letter from Phillips Brooks to Mrs. Henry Cohen of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, concerning Mose Montefiore material, dated November 13, 1866. The letter mentions materials related to Mose Montefiore.

A two and one-quarter page letter written by R. A. Levy to Isaac Leeser on September 16, 1861, from Tioga Center, New York. Levy expresses his anti-war sentiments and mentions previous conversations with Leeser on the subject. He describes his boarding situation with a Christian family and the lack of Jewish homes in the area. The letter offers insight into civilian perspectives on the Civil War and the social context of Jewish life in upstate New York.

A three-page letter written by R. C. Moise of Charleston, South Carolina (possibly Augusta, Georgia) to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia on December 21, 1861. The letter, written during the first year of the Civil War, discusses their relationship, American Jewish education, and Isaac Leeser's reputation.

A three-page letter written by R. D. Leevier in New York City on April 10, 1866, to Isaac Leeser. Leevier, who had been referred to Leeser by Mr. Sternberger, seeks Leeser's assistance in finding an appointment as a Hazan or teacher. He mentions his previous correspondence with Leeser, his editorship of a literary periodical called 'The Guide,' and his acquaintances with prominent figures such as Rev. Dr. Raphall, Isaacs, and Lyons. Leevier also details his job search efforts in various cities, including Boston.

A single-sheet letter written by Rabbi D. Lilienthal in New York on April 3, 1851, to Isaac Leeser. Lilienthal introduces Mr. Schwess, a teacher of German and French, seeking teaching opportunities in Philadelphia. The reverse of the sheet serves as the cover, displaying the address to Leeser. The letter features Lilienthal's signature and an unusual oval surcharge with his name and New York address.

A single-page letter (with blank reverse) written in English and German from Rabbi Freudenthal in Williamsport, Pennsylvania to Isaac Leeser on November 14, 1867. The letter inquires about a curriculum for religious instruction to prepare students for confirmation.

Three-page letter written in German by Rabbi Oppenheim of Pottsville, Pennsylvania, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on February 4, 1866. The letter vehemently denies attempts to institute reforms and provides detailed explanations. An English transcription is included.

Letter written by Racine Friedenwald to Mayer Sulzberger concerning Congregation Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia. The letter was written in St. Augustine, Florida, circa 1885. The letter discusses matters relating to the Congregation.

A one-page letter written by Raphael J. De Cordova on September 25, 1868, from New York, New York, to Mr. Lockport in Lockport, New York. De Cordova refuses a request to alter the financial terms of a lecture.

Two-page letter written by Raphael J. De Cordova in New York, New York, to Rabbi Sabato Morais in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 6, 1860. De Cordova seeks Morais's advice on transitioning his public lectures from humorous to serious topics focusing on the condition of Jews in civilized countries, specifically requesting input on the situation of Jews in Italy.

A four-page letter written by Rebecca (Catherine) Cohen Moise of Charleston, South Carolina, to Isaac Leeser on December 14, 1845. Moise discusses various topics, including mutual acquaintances from Philadelphia, her views on Leeser's work, the establishment of a Jewish Publication Society in America, and a poem enclosed with the letter. The letter also includes a postscript from Moise's daughter, Sarah Ann. The letter offers insights into the social and intellectual life of American Jews in the mid-19th century.

Three-page letter written by Rebecca Gratz to Maria Gist, detailing family matters. Dated July 1, 1827, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lexington, Kentucky.

Handwritten letter dated February 1, 1866, from Regensburger & Stern in San Francisco to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia. The letter cancels their subscription to the *Occident and American Jewish Advocate* due to the death of H. Regensburger in a steamboat explosion in October 1865. The signature of the writer is illegible.

A one and a half page handwritten letter from Reinah (Judah) to Isaac Leeser, dated December 25, 1848, in Baltimore, Maryland. The letter discusses Reinah's financial difficulties, her business selling bitters, and social conditions in Baltimore and Richmond. It also mentions family members, including cousin David, and alludes to Leeser's past kindness.

A handwritten letter from Reinah Judah to Isaac Leeser, dated November 3, 1859, in Baltimore, Maryland. Judah describes her difficult circumstances, including financial hardship and cold weather, and requests assistance from Leeser. The letter expresses affection and concern for Leeser's well-being.

A one-page letter dated June 10, 1857, from Rezin Davis Shephard, executor of the Judah Touro estate, to Isaac Leeser. Shephard explains his inability to fulfill Leeser's requests due to significant financial commitments stemming from various projects undertaken over the previous three years. Shephard's response highlights the estate's limitations and its inability to meet additional requests. The letter underscores the financial constraints faced by the executor in managing Touro's estate following Touro's death on January 13, 1854. Additional information about R.D. Shephard can be found in B. W. Korn's 1969 work, 'The Early Jews of New Orleans'.

Autograph letter signed by Richard H. Henderson to Israel Fielder, written in Baltimore, Maryland on June 23, 1823. The letter discusses remitting money owed to Isaac Burnistin.

A two-page letter (8" x 12.5") written by Rumah Judah in Charleston, South Carolina, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 14, 1831. The letter details Judah's trip to Charleston to visit relatives, offering observations about her family and their customs. She mentions meeting cousin Isaac Mordecai and describes her impressions of various family members, including Mrs. Moses.

A one-page letter written by S. C. Marralho to Isaac Leeser on January 31, 1844, from Barbados. The letter discusses the minutes of the Barbados Hebrew Congregation's Ladies' Auxiliary and the founding of a Sunday School.

Three-page letter written in English and Yiddish from S. Darhina, care of Heller at 103 Green Street, Philadelphia, to Isaac Leeser on June 7, 1857. Darhina describes his difficult circumstances and requests that Leeser send him students.

Letter written on office letterhead by S. Haibloom, secretary of the Jewish Immigrant's Protection Society of New York, to George Raudorf, Esq., on August 11, 1890. The letter requests assistance with an enclosed letter, as per the request of Hon. Ferdinand Levy, President of the Jewish Immigrant's Protection Society of New York. The letter originates from 10 Battery Place, New York, NY.

A letter written on May 11, 1869, from S. Hernsheim at 75 Gravier St., New Orleans, Louisiana, to W. A. Menger at the Menger Hotel in San Antonio, Texas. The letterhead features an eagle. The letter is associated with the tobacco industry and S. Hernsheim Cigars.

Letter written by S. J. Spiegelberg to Isaac Leeser from Santa Fe, New Mexico on May 1, 1853. Spiegelberg describes his efforts to obtain subscribers for the Occident and American Jewish Advocate in Santa Fe, noting the small number of Jewish people in the territory.

A handwritten letter from S. Koya, Consul of Japan, to Adolph Sutro, Mayor of San Francisco, dated July 30, 1896. The letter is written on Consulate stationery and discusses the Sutro Tunnel and the Comstock Lode.

A letter written by S. Liebovitz in New York, New York on August 10, 1892. The letter is addressed to an unknown recipient and its contents are currently undetermined. The letter mentions 14 & 16 Lispenard Street.

A one-page letter from S. M. Isaac in New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, dated April 10, 1848 (Hebrew year 5609). The letter requests further details for Attorney Mr. Morrison regarding Leeser's litigation against Mr. Solomon. The letter includes some Hebrew text.

Letter from S. Sheneinan, Secretary of the United States Commissioners of Immigration, to George Raudorf, dated June 25, 1890. Written on office letterhead from 1224 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, the letter explains that the Commissioners cannot assist with the case of Raudorf's client's detained baggage because their office only handles immigrants arriving in Philadelphia, while the client arrived in New York.

A one-page letter from S. Solis to Isaac Leeser, dated September 25, 1850, in Philadelphia. The letter discusses the shipment of citrons and lulabs and inquires about Leeser's health.

Letter written by Dr. S. Solis-Cohen on his business letterhead to Elina, concerning materials for a circular and member invitations for an unnamed religious organization. Dated to the mid-1890s and sent from 219 South Seventeenth Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Letter written by Dr. S. Solis-Cohen on his business letterhead to Elina, concerning materials for a circular and member invitations for an unnamed religious organization. The letter is dated sometime in the mid-1890s and was sent from his office at 219 South Seventeenth Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A letter written by S. Valentine to Reverend Isaac Leeser from Charleston, South Carolina, on June 3, 1857. The letter forwards a preamble and resolutions, and includes a personal note expressing the writer's hope to see Leeser soon and conveying the family's wishes to be remembered.

A one-page stampless letter dated September 4, 1834, from S.I. Isaacs to T.I. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter addresses a synagogue controversy, specifically denying previous statements made by Isaacs to Mr. M.B. Seixas concerning Tobias's debts to the congregation.

Two-page letter from S.M. Daurt in Curaçao to Reverend Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated October 26, 1848. Daurt discusses community news and expresses concerns about the size of books published by Leeser, suggesting they be made smaller for easier handling, particularly by young girls. He also mentions complaints about Leeser's agent in New York City.

Letter from Sam Frank to Mayer Sulzberger inviting him to a wedding anniversary celebration in Paris, France, dated August 25, 1880. The letter is written in English.

A letter written by Sam Selliger to an unidentified recipient, John..., on June 10, 1890, from Winona, Mississippi. The letter expresses dissatisfaction with being asked to sell a property for a low commission. It is written on Selliger Brothers letterhead.

A three-page letter written by Samuel Hart to Isaac Leeser in Charleston, South Carolina on December 21, 1847. The letter discusses the upcoming marriage of Miss Tobias and Mr. Minnis of Savannah, Georgia, and raises questions about Mr. Minnis's circumcision status and its implications for the marriage. The letter also reflects Hart's views as a leader in the secession from Beth Elohim Synagogue and President of Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim of Charleston.

A letter dated June 23, 1862, from Samuel Hobman in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Reverend Isaac Leeser. Hobman requests assistance in placing a 55-year-old woman in a foster home where she can work for her keep. The request originated from Th. Hausah of Louisville, Kentucky.

Autograph letter signed by Samuel Judah to Isaac Leeser, dated August 12, 1856. Written from Vincennes, Indiana, the letter discusses Karaite Judaism, a book from London on the subject, and an order for a book with specific binding instructions.

Autograph letter signed by Samuel Marx to J. L. Jones, written in Richmond, Virginia on September 22, 1843. The letter discusses personal matters, and mentions Marx's position as President of the Bank of Virginia. The recipient's address appears to be New York, New York.

A one-page letter, folded, addressed, and docketed on the verso, written by Brother Samuel Townsend to Israel Israel, R. W. Master of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, on June 4, 1804. The letter discusses Townsend's expulsion from Lodge #75, Pennsylvania.

Letter from Sigmund T. Meyer, secretary of Congregation Shaarey Tefila, to an unidentified recipient, informing them of the honor of lighting the Chanukah candle at the consecration ceremonies for the new synagogue at 243 Broadway, New York City. Dated April 27, 1869. The letter mentions that Congregation Shaarey Tefila was founded in 1845 as a breakaway from Bnai Jeshurun.

A letter written by Simon Greenbaum to the Urbana Wine Company on February 28, 1882. The letter is written on a printed sheet listing Urbana Wine Company's wines and prices. Greenbaum's address is listed as 80 5th Ave, Chicago, Illinois.

Letter written by Simon Muhr to Mayer Sulzberger discussing travel plans in Europe. Dated June 26, 1880, from London, England.

Letter from Simon Muhr to Mayer Sulzberger discussing newspaper delivery arrangements in Queenstown during Sulzberger's trip and Muhr's re-election as treasurer of the Association of Jewish Immigrants in 1891. Written in Paris, France on July 15, 1880.

A letter written by Simon Muhr to Mayer Sulzberger on July 14, 1880, in Vichy, France. The letter discusses a meeting between the two men when Sulzberger travels from London to Paris.

Autograph letter signed by Sir Moses Montefiore, dated September 18, 1873, from Ramsgate, England, to Philo Jacoby in San Francisco, California. Montefiore renews his subscription to Jacoby's publication, "The Hebrew."

This archival item consists of a three-page letter dated April 11, 1849, from the New York firm Solomon & Hart to Reverend Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia. The letter details an order for silk and damask materials for the Torah, bimah, and Ark decorations of Leeser's synagogue. The correspondence specifies quantities and types of fabrics, including blue and white satin, crimson and gold brocatelle, and crimson damask. It also discusses the return of excess materials and pricing for similar fabrics.

This archival item consists of a three-page letter dated April 16, 1849, from the firm Solomon & Hart to Isaac Leeser. The letter details an order for various silks and damasks to be used in decorating the Torah, bimah, and ark of a synagogue. Specific materials mentioned include blue and white satin, crimson and gold brocatelle, and crimson damask. The letter discusses quantities, prices, and potential returns of unsatisfactory materials. The letter is written from 243 Broadway, New York.

Three-page letter written by Solomon Cohen Jr. to his niece, Sarah Ann Minis Hays, on January 13, 1834. The letter was written from Georgetown, South Carolina, and discusses family matters, including Sarah's engagement, and mentions Rebecca Gratz. The letter reflects a close and personal relationship between the writer and recipient.

Two-page letter written by Solomon Cohen of Savannah, Georgia to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 29, 1859. Cohen discusses the decline in readership of Leeser's publications and attributes it to the changing attitudes of educated American Jews towards traditional synagogue worship. He argues for a reform of synagogue services while maintaining core tenets of Judaism.

A letter dated December 11, 1847, from Solomon E. Cohen, a government clerk in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, to N. L. Boone. Cohen requests a prospectus from a Philadelphia health insurance company.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Solomon Henry Jackson to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on July 29, 1823. Jackson requests assistance from Tobias in collecting arrears from subscribers to his periodical, "The Jew," and in gaining new subscribers in Richmond, Virginia. The letter mentions several subscribers, including Zalma Rehine and David Judah.

Four-page letter written by Solomon Nunes Carvalho on April 20, 1852, from Charleston, South Carolina, to Rabbi Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses internal conflicts and controversies within the Charleston Jewish community, mentioning individuals such as Henry Phillips, Rabbi Ellis Lyons, and Dr. Raphael. It offers insight into the dynamics of Reformed Judaism in Charleston during this period.

A one-page letter written by Solomon Nunes Carvalho to Isaac Leeser on October 15, 1851, from Charleston, South Carolina. Carvalho details his incapacitation due to a boil, apologizes for delayed correspondence, relays a book order, and concludes due to his illness. This letter is one of five in the collection showcasing the correspondence between these two prominent figures in the American Jewish community.

A one-and-a-half-page letter from Solomon Nunes Carvalho to Isaac Leeser, dated September 2, 1852, in Charleston, South Carolina. Carvalho discusses an interpretation of Maimonides for a proposed article in *The Occident* and offers opinions on other scholarly articles sent to Leeser. The letter was written shortly before Carvalho embarked on the Frémont Western Expedition.

Four-page letter written by Solomon Nunes Carvalho to Isaac Leeser on September 7, 1851, from Charleston, South Carolina. Carvalho, a prominent supporter of Leeser, offers advice and strategies to refute accusations against Leeser, mentioning specific individuals and events. He also discusses Isaac Wise and predicts his future obscurity. This letter provides significant insight into the tumultuous period surrounding Leeser's break with Isaac Mayer Wise.

A two-page letter written by Solomon Ullmann, Grand Rabbi of France in Paris, to Samuel Etting in Baltimore, Maryland, dated January 25, 1858. The letter is part of the Etting/Carvalho Archive of Beit Yisrael Sefardi.

A 2 1/2-page letter written by Sophie Waldon Cohen in San Francisco on May 29, 1862, to Isaac Leeser. Cohen sends Leeser an article she authored, requesting its publication in the *Occident*. She also asks Leeser to typeset the Hebrew words in Hebrew letters and mentions sending a copy of the article to Rabbi Eckman of the *Gleaner* for publication. Cohen requests copies of the *Occident* once the article is printed. A postscript identifies her as the wife of Jas. Cohen, who previously corresponded with Leeser from Auburn, California, regarding Chinese Jews. The article mentioned in the letter is not included.

Letter written by Talcott Williams to Mayer Sulzberger on circa 1880-1890 concerning the death of Sulzberger's parents, his congregation, and his will. The letter originates from 331 South 16th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Letter from the Alliance Israélite Universelle in Paris, France, to Simon Wolf, dated January 4, 1870. Written in French on Alliance stationery, the letter discusses the suffering of coreligionists in Romania. Simon Wolf was a noted attorney and activist in worldwide Jewish affairs, known for his work to rescind Grant's Order No. 11.

Letter dated April 19, 1879, from the Bank of Arizona in Prescott, Arizona, to L. M. Jacobs in Tucson, Arizona. Signed by Solomon Lewis, President of the Bank of Arizona. Martin W. Kales, Cashier, is also listed on the letterhead. The letter measures 8" x 5".

A printed letter dated April 15, 1860, from the Board of Managers of Congregation Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter outlines new rates for the congregation and apologizes for the increase, citing the costs of a new building. The letter lists the names of the Board of Managers: J. A. Phillips, D. Pesoa, A. Hart, H. S. Allen, and S. W. Arnold.

Printed broadside letter from the Committee of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York, dated January 7, 1839, seeking a teacher. The letter is in English and Hebrew.

A 2 1/2-page letter written by Tobias J. Tobias in New York City on December 14, 1853, to Clement Hooverman in London. The letter expresses happiness about Hooverman's upcoming trip to New York, congratulates him on his engagement, and discusses opportunities in the American wine business.

A one-page letter written by V.A. Sanginetti aboard a steamer to the West Indies on August 6, 1840, addressed to Charles Tobias in New York City. Sanginetti details his travel plans in the West Indies and requests that Tobias forward the letter to his wife in England. The letter is stampless.

Two-page letter written by W. B. Simmons of St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 19, 1844. Simmons details the recent death of his wife, discusses challenges within the St. Thomas Jewish community, including the dismissal of the Hazan, Mr. Carrillon, and mentions book and newspaper matters.

One-page letter from W. B. Simmons in St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated February 3, 1848. Simmons discusses ordering matzos and themurim from James Henry in New York City and the sale of Leeser's books. A postscript mentions Charleston's interest in obtaining books.

A letter written by William Morrison Engles to Isaac Leeser on June 25, 1854, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Engles forwards letters concerning the American agricultural mission near Jaffa, including one from the son of Rabbi Jechiel Cohen to his father, who was on a fundraising mission in the United States. The letter is noteworthy for addressing Leeser as "Rabbi Leeser," and for its context within the larger story of 19th-century Jewish communities in Eretz Israel facing poverty and missionary efforts.

A 1 ½-page stampless letter written by William Aylett to Dr. Isaac Hays on October 8, 1839, expressing distress over the outcome of cataract surgery performed by Dr. Hays on his son. Aylett questions the diagnosis and suggests malpractice, threatening to publish a report from Tuscaloosa physicians if Dr. Hays does not provide a satisfactory explanation.

Single-page handwritten letter from William Lovenstein in Richmond, Virginia, dated September 5, 1866, to J. Burgauer. Lovenstein requests Burgauer to procure several books and an almanac, mentioning a previous visit to Philadelphia and a meeting with Mr. Leeser. Accompanied by photostats from Berman's "Richmond Jewry 1769-1976" detailing Lovenstein's military service and political career.

Letter written by William Wilkins in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to William M. Meredith in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 19, 1815. The letter concerns a debt of $20,120.00 owed by John Wilkins (possibly a relative) to Simon Gratz.

One-page letter from Z. A. Davis to Isaac Leeser, dated October 11, 1850, informing Leeser of his election as an honorary member of the Hebrew Beneficent Society in Philadelphia. Leeser had recently resigned from the board. The Hebrew Beneficent Society was established in 1822 by members of Congregation Rodeph Shalom.

This letter, dated to the mid-1890s, is from Zerlina Held to Mayer Sulzberger. Held discusses a prior attempted visit and requests to reschedule. The letter is written in English.

Handwritten letter dated April 23, 1886, from Dr. A. S. Bettelheim in San Francisco, California, to Solomon Preiss, Secretary of the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation in Baltimore, Maryland. Bettelheim accepts the offered position of Rabbi, expressing a wish for a five-year contract. The letter reflects his anticipation of the future temple's construction and his dedication to the congregation's well-being.

Letter of recommendation for Aaron Bettelheim, a teacher and preacher, written by Galo'lz Karlstein on August 6, 1849. This letter is one of ten documents from the Albert Siegfried Bettelheim archive (1830-1890).

Letter of recommendation for Aaron Bettelheim, a teacher and mohel in Košice, Slovakia, dated March 24, 1867. Written in German.

On June 10, 1829, Jacob Mordecai of Richmond, Virginia, wrote a letter recommending Isaac Leeser for the position of Hazan at Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter, addressed to Raphael De Cordova, is a glowing endorsement of Leeser's suitability for the role.

Letter of resignation from George Randorf, Agent of the Association of Jewish Immigrants, to Louis E. Levy, President of the Association, written on organizational letterhead. Randorf cites poor health as the reason for his resignation. Philadelphia, PA, September 14, 1890.

A two and a half page letter written on a small note sheet with an envelope. The author, whose name is illegible, requests Isaac Leeser to consider publishing a paper in *The Occident*. The letter is dated March 20, 1852, and mentions a mutual acquaintance, Mrs. Josephs. The handwriting is described as poor.

A one-and-a-half-page letter written in Hebrew cursive circa 1850. Addressed to Isaac Leeser with a seal, suggesting hand delivery rather than postal service. The letter's content is unknown.

One and one-quarter page letter written circa 1855 in Hebrew cursive to Isaac Leeser. The letter was found among Leeser's papers and is unaddressed.

Congratulatory letter addressed to Mayer Sulzberger regarding an address he delivered at the Young Men's Orthodox Talmud Torah Association (Y.M.O.T.A.) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 5, 1884. The letter's sender is illegible. The letter was sent from 39 Broadway, New York, NY.

Two-page letter addressed to Mayer Sulzberger, concerning a dinner invitation to the sender's home. The sender's identity is illegible. The letter is dated circa 1885.

Letter to Mayer Sulzberger, written on The American Hebrew letterhead, concerning plans to publish full accounts of the Montefiore celebrations in New York and Philadelphia. The writer requests permission to print Sulzberger's oration in full. Dated October 11, 1884.

Three-page letter to Mayer Sulzberger concerning the sender's travels in France and an invitation to visit. The sender's identity is illegible. Circa 1885.

A letter addressed to Mayer Sulzberger in Buffalo, New York, dated July 20, 1886. The letter, written on Mansions House, Wesley Crouch & Co. letterhead, discusses Sulzberger's health and the sender's travel plans. The sender's identity is illegible.

A letter addressed to Rabbi Yissachar Dov Illowy in New Orleans, Louisiana, dated June 20, 1864. The sender of the letter is unknown. The letter is written in Hebrew.

Envelope addressed to W. J. Hooper, Secretary, Lodge 22, Eureka, Nevada. Postmarked Virginia City, Nevada, November 5, 1897. The sender is listed as L. Guggenheim.

Envelope addressed to W. J. Hooper, Secretary, Lodge 22, Eureka, Nevada. Postmarked Virginia City. Handwritten inscription on the envelope by Hooper. Dated March 5, 1896.

Envelope addressed to W.J. Hooper, Secretary of Lodge 22, Eureka, Nevada. Postmarked Virginia City, Nevada. Dated November 5, 1897. The letter was sent by L. Guggenheim.

This archival collection consists of a letter, two envelopes, and an advertising insert from S. F. Myers & Co., a New York-based company. The letter, dated February 29, 1888, was sent to Henry Haggy in West Virginia. One envelope, postmarked February 29, 1888, shows the return address of S. F. Myers & Co. in New York. The other envelope is undated. The advertising insert features an image of the company's trademark and its address at 48 & 50 Maiden Lane, New York, New York. The materials suggest a business correspondence between S. F. Myers & Co. and Henry Haggy.

Three letters written by Michael Putzel to Isaac Leeser between May 1848. The letters discuss Putzel's request for a recommendation as a religious leader in Philadelphia, the transfer of a cemetery deed, and a request to publish a note in *The Occident*. These letters provide insight into the early years of Congregation Brith Sholom in Easton, Pennsylvania, and the activities of its members.

This 1869 book is an abridged reprint of letters originally written by Benjamin Dias Fernandez in 1740 on the evidences of Christianity. The letters were first published in 1854 by Isaac Leeser and this abridged version was published by Bloch & Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Lithograph of a leaf sent in correspondence to Germany. The correspondence includes the name H.N. Oettinger and address 103 Water Street. The item dates to January 1, 1898, and is part of a larger collection of mercantile materials. The envelope contains a letter addressed to A. Blumlien in Germany.

Memorandum from Ferdinand Levy, Coroner's Office of New York, to George Randorf, Esq., dated June 9, 1890, concerning detained baggage belonging to Randorf's client. Levy assures Randorf that the matter is under thorough investigation. The letter is written on Coroner's Office letterhead and originates from 67 Park Row, New York, NY.

Memorandum from Ferdinand Levy, Coroner's Office of New York, to George Raudorf, Esq., dated July 15, 1890. Levy calls attention to an enclosed letter, described as self-explanatory. The letter was written from 67 Park Row, New York, NY.

An official letter written in Dutch by Moses Isaak in Amsterdam on August 4, 1819, concerning Aaron Moses Dropsie (1794-1839). The letter likely pertains to Dropsie's immigration to the United States. Dropsie arrived in Philadelphia on September 27, 1819, aboard the ship *Dido*. This letter is one of four personal and family documents related to Dropsie.

Printed broadside letter from Lewis N. Dembitz transmitting the constitution of the Kentucky Immigration Society. Dated November 1, 1865. The letter explains the necessity of the society as Dembitz perceived it. Dembitz was the first delegate to vote for Lincoln's nomination as President of the USA. A lawyer, he was an early Zionist and Orthodox Jew. The uncle of Justice Brandeis, he had an important influence on his career.

Printed broadside letter dated March 20, 1861, from Myer S. Isaacs, on behalf of the Board of Delegates of American Israelites (119 West Houston Street, New York City), to the presidents of various congregations. The letter requests, for a second time, the names of delegates and other pertinent information needed for the organization of the Board. This demonstrates the challenges faced in establishing the Board of Delegates of American Israelites.