Subject: Colonization

Billhead from S.W. Rosenstock & Co., Boots & Shoes, located at 32 & 34 Sansome Street, San Francisco, dated May 8, 1877. The billhead advertises "California Made Goods" and that the company is the "Sole agent for National Guarenteed Rubber Boots". Marion Leventritt is listed as a partner. Leventritt held shoe manufacturing patents and was a founding member of The International Society for the Colonization of Russian Jews in 1891. Information from the Daily Alta California, January 17, 1891, regarding the incorporation of The International Society for the Colonization of Russian Jews, including its directors (David Lubin, Marion Leventritt, David Stern, Jacob Greenebanm, Julius Jacobs, Charles Meyer, Marcus Rosenthal, Isidor Jacobs, I. W. Goldman, Jacob Voorsanger, and Joseph Naphtaly), is also included.

Newspaper clipping from the Boston Recorder, published in Boston, Massachusetts on February 8, 1820. The article discusses a pamphlet proposing a plan to settle Jews in the United States, possibly referencing Mordecai Manuel Noah's Ararat scheme, although not explicitly named. The article comments on the ideals of the plan and suggests the Southern borders of the Great Lakes as a suitable location due to the canals and commerce.

This is a reprint of an article from an American newspaper, detailing the ceremonies dedicating Grand Island on the Niagara River as 'Ararat,' a city of refuge for Jews in September 1825. This reprint appeared in the *Imperial Magazine*, Volume IX, March 1827, pages 298-299.

Newspaper clipping from the *National Intelligencer*, published in Washington, D.C. on January 27, 1820. The clipping contains a detailed report from Albany, NY (dated January 20, 1820) concerning Mordecai Manuel Noah's proposal to establish a settlement for foreign Jews on Grand Island (near Buffalo). The editorial expresses sympathy for Noah's plan. Also included is an obituary of Starr Barrett of Charleston, South Carolina, reprinted from the *Southern Patriot* of January 14, 1820. The obituary describes Barrett as being over 120 years old, a claim that seems highly improbable given the detail provided.

This item is a $100 First Mortgage, Four Percent Bond (Number 1497) issued by the Jewish Agricultural and Colonial Association. It was issued to Jacob H. Schiff on April 14, 1913, with interest payable from December 31, 1917, and the final principal due on December 31, 1924. Payments were designated to be made through the Utah Colonization Fund, Inc., The National Copper Bank, or Walker Brothers Bank, all located in Salt Lake City, Utah. The certificate features ornate green borders and decorative Gothic-style lettering for the association's name. An engraved vignette depicting a cultivated agricultural landscape, likely representing the Clarion colony, is centrally placed. The document includes detachable coupons for future interest payments and bears the signatures of Benjamin Brown (President), B. Horowitz (Secretary) of the Jewish Agricultural and Colonial Association, and David Spitz (Secretary of Utah Colonization Fund, Inc. Trustee). 3.

This trade card advertises Samuel M. Lederer, a clothier located at 207 Greenwich Street, New York. The front of the card features a child standing in a park-like setting, next to a Native American child. The image appears to be a depiction of the relationship between a settler child and a Native American child, and could be construed as a representation of racism and assimilation. The card features an ornate, rectangular frame. The card has a red border. The back of the card is blank.