Subject: Business Correspondence

An advertising envelope from L. & S. Sternberger, dated October 28, 1884. The envelope lists two addresses: 503 Market Street and 530 (address incomplete). The envelope advertised clothing and was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

An unused envelope addressed to 622 Ritner Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, circa 1900. The envelope displays an advertisement in Yiddish for Louis Garfield, Insurance Broker. The phone number Oregon 7034 is listed on the envelope.

An addressed envelope advertising Sidman/Lachman, located at 209 & 211 Battery Street, San Francisco, California. The envelope is dated January 1, 1875 and addressed to Asher Marks in Roseburg, Oregon. The envelope provides insight into business correspondence and trade networks in 19th-century Oregon and California.

A highly charged half-page letter from Tobias I. Tobias to Edward Pollock, likely written in New York City circa 1820. The letter details a business dispute and strongly admonishes Pollock against repeating his actions.

Autograph letter signed by L. Hirschfeld to Jacobs, Meyer & Co., dated July 24, 1847. The letter, primarily in German with some English, discusses a draft for three hundred dollars and orders textiles. Postmarked Pittsburgh and docketed July 19, 1847, by the recipient. One of the earliest extant letters from a Jew in Pittsburgh.

Two-page autograph letter signed by William Trent to Joseph Simons, dated April 7, 1783, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses business matters related to land sales and the Indiana Company, urging Simons to attend a meeting. Trent also sends compliments to Mrs. Simons.

Autograph letter signed by Moses Michael Hays, addressed to Michael Gratz. Dated January 20, 1768. Hays discusses business matters, specifically the sale of sugar and leather, and mentions drawing a bill of exchange for $500. The letter is written on one page, with the address panel on the verso showing a New York postmark and bishop's mark. The letter's content reflects Hays's mercantile activities. In 1775, Hays famously refused to sign a declaration of loyalty to the American colonies due to a phrase about Christian faith, demonstrating his commitment to the principle of equality for all men. He later signed a revised version without the religious clause.

Autograph letter signed from Moses Michael Hays to Michael Gratz, dated June 1769. Hays congratulates Gratz on his marriage. The letter includes an integral address leaf with a New York postmark and a bishop's mark. Written on one page, 4to. The letter reflects the business relationship between Hays and Gratz and provides insight into their personal lives.

Autograph letter signed by Moses Michael Hays written to Myer Polock on behalf of Michael Gratz. Dated December 18, 1770. Hays urges Polock to fulfill a promise to Gratz, offering incentives and suggesting assistance in "any matter Honorable & Just." The letter includes an autograph address panel on the verso. Written in New York and concerns matters related to Newport, Rhode Island.

Autograph letter signed by Isaac Moses to Moses Myers, dated August 8, 1784. Written from New York, New York, the letter discusses business matters, including the shipwreck of the North Britain, family news, and financial concerns. The recipient, Moses Myers, was a merchant in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This letter offers insight into colonial American Jewish life and business practices.

Three-page autograph letter written by Clement Hooverman in London, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York on November 18, 1853. The letter discusses wine and appears to be a reintroduction between the two correspondents. The letter measures 7 7/8" x 4".

This archival item consists of a billhead and an accompanying envelope from Robinson, Josiah Greenbaum & Co. The billhead features a logo depicting blue mountain and hayfield rye whiskies. The return address on the envelope is 304 W. Franklin St., Baltimore, Maryland. The date on the billhead and envelope is January 21, 1890. The materials suggest a business relationship between the company and clients in White Stone, Virginia, and Baltimore, Maryland. The enclosed billhead indicates a focus on the food and beverage industry.

Billhead from Bateman & Switzer, commission merchants and dealers in Kentucky whiskies, located at 201 West Main Street, Louisville, Kentucky. Dated June 10, 1891. The billhead is addressed to Nathan F. Block in Great Falls, Montana.

Billhead of Louis Bertsch, located at 143 & 145 Elm Street, between Howard and Grand Streets, Newark, New Jersey. The billhead is dated November 16, 1892. The billhead is part of the 'E' Collection, located in Arc.MS.56, Box 14, Folder 8.

Illustrated billhead of Semon Bache & Co., established 1847, located at 443-453 Greenwich Street, New York, New York. The billhead is dated April 24, 1891. It includes correspondence with H. C. Porter & Son of Towanda, Pennsylvania.

A broadside printed in the form of a handwritten correspondence from S. Dessau, importer of diamonds and precious stones. Dated March 10, 1884, it announces the establishment of a branch house in New York City at Four Maiden Lane. The main office is listed as 15 Rue de Chateaudun, Paris. The broadside features a letter on the front page and an illustration on the back. The inside is blank.

Business card for Gulick & Van Kleeck, tea and syrup jobbers, located at 120 Warren Street. The card indicates that R. M. Gulick represents the company at 154 3rd Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA. The card is dated circa 1885.

Business card of Samuel Hart, listing addresses in Philadelphia (416 South 13th St.) and New York City (307 Broadway), and indicating a possible connection to Mikveh Israel Congregation. The card mentions a 'Club House Card' and notes a family relationship ('cousin of Isaac Levy/nephew of Lewis I. Cohen'). The card is dated circa 1858 based on the archival collection's context.

Collection of three business letters. The first letter is from Einstein Brothers, Wholesale Liquor Dealers, located at 42 Merwin St., Cleveland, Ohio, dated November 3, 1874. The second letter is from Ullman, Einstein & Co., Whiskey Merchants and distillers of Ohio grape brandy, with a lithograph of their office at 154-156-158 Sheriff St., Cleveland, Ohio, noting establishment in 1866. The third letter is from Ullman-Einstein & Co., Whiskies, Distilleries, Baltimore Distilling Co. & Blenders of fine old Whiskies, located at 657-659 Bolivar Rd. & 2166-2176 East 7th St. (location not specified, but likely in Baltimore, MD), noting establishment in 1866 and incorporation in 1904, and listing nine directors. The business ceased operations in 1919.

This archival item consists of business correspondence related to the address 358 Broadway in New York City. The correspondence is dated September 6th, 1898. The correspondence involves Max Scheurer, Ralph Scheurer, and Isaac Scheurer.

Collection of business correspondence related to the firms Wm. Ronsheim & Bros., Levy & Ronsheim, and Reynolds & Frank, operating in Cincinnati and Delaware, Ohio, between 1847 and 1879. The materials include letters and an advertising envelope for boys' clothing. One letter is dated November 26, 1879, and mentions an address at 70 West Pearl Street, Cincinnati.

A business letter from A. Anhalt & Co., located at 4 Nicks Street in Elmira, New York, dated January 5, 1881. The letter discusses a problematic account. A. Anhalt, a Jewish merchant, was the overseer of the poor in Elmira. The letter is signed by an unknown individual, ? Schwartz, and addressed to A. N. Switzer. The company dealt in raw furs, wool, hides, pelts, calf skins, tallow, and beeswax.

A one-page business letter written by A. J. Latz in St. Louis, Missouri, to Lazarus Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 10, 1850. Latz explains his financial difficulties, heavy losses, and slow collections, stating his inability to continue business and assuring Mayer of his intentions to pay his creditors.

A commercial letter dated May 5, 1884, sent from Abe Mayer & Brother, general merchants and dry goods and groceries in Clinton, Louisiana, to A. Lehman & Co. in New Orleans, Louisiana. The letter features a vignette of the Mayer Building.

A one-page, stampless business letter written on May 1, 1849, from Alexander & Lowman of Cincinnati, Ohio, to Jacobs & Mayers (or Jacob & Meyer) Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter pertains to business dealings between the two firms.

A business letter written by C. Litschgi to Goodman & Myers on May 16, 1877. The letter was sent from Charleston, South Carolina, and references tobacco and cigar factories in Richmond, Virginia, and New York City. The envelope features advertisements for these factories.

A one and three-quarter page business letter from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, dated April 27, 1824. The letter details business transactions, including debts and payments, mentioning a significant sum of $3,000 owed to Mr. Marx (approximately $80,000 in 2019).

A one-page business letter dated October 2, 1824, from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York. The letter concerns funds and includes a draft for $3,000.

A business letter from Dittenhoefer, Haas & Co., importers and jobbers of men's furnishings and notions located at 61 Front Street, Portland, Oregon, to S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon, dated May 6, 1887. The letter is contained within an envelope with advertising.

One-page business letter written on December 14, 1890, by Gerson L. Kahn, a manufacturer of children's suits, located at 516 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter includes a draft.

One-page business letter, partially printed on letterhead, from Goldsmith Brothers, woolens merchants, to E. S. M. Kunis. The letter confirms receipt of a check. The letter is dated January 23, 1880, and was sent from 335 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Van Wert, Ohio.

A commercial letter dated September 8, 1864, from Gustav Isaac of Stern, Jonas & Co., located at 176 and 178 Water Street in New York, New York, to Moses Dropsie in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses business matters, potentially related to the tobacco industry or law, as indicated by subject tags in the original record.

A two-and-a-half-page German-language business letter from H. Fuhrman to Jacobs Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated October 12, 1847. The letter details business matters and includes a list of merchandise totaling over 1700 dollars. The letter was sent from Delphi, Indiana.

A one-page business letter written on the letterhead of H. Myers & Hano, Brandies, Wines & Gin, located at 134 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated July 20, 1878, the letter inquires about the creditworthiness of a merchant in Hellertown, Pennsylvania, to Alfred Crist, an attorney in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

A stampless business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York City on March 13, 1840. The letter discusses the poor state of business. The Tobias family was known for its involvement in the clock and watch industry.

Business letter from I. L. Lipschutz located at 503-505 South Third Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter is dated circa 1890s and mentions "AMERICAN NAVY RYE".

A business letter written by Isidor Bush of Isidor Bush & Co. in St. Louis, Missouri, on February 4, 1874, to C.D. Champlin. The letter mentions a large lithograph of Bush's store located at the southeast corner of 4th and Elm Streets in St. Louis. The letter also references Bush's role as a leader in the St. Louis Jewish community and his involvement with the founding of the first Jewish weekly newspaper in New York City in 1849.

This is a business letter written by Isidor Bush on June 23, 1875, from St. Louis, Missouri. The letter mentions a large lithograph of his store located at the southeast corner of 4th and Elm Streets. [Isidor Bush (1822-1898) was a prominent figure in the St. Louis Jewish community, known for founding the city's first Jewish weekly newspaper in 1849 (though it lasted only three months). The letter also references correspondence with Isaac Leeser.] The image shows a portion of the letter, the handwriting is legible, and other details are difficult to discern without viewing the entire letter. The back of the letter is NOT ENOUGH INFO.

A commercial letter written by Isidore Bush & Co. of St. Louis, Missouri, to C. D. Champlin in Hammondsport, New York, on March 30, 1872. The letter discusses the company's lithographic services and is indicative of business practices of the time. The letterhead features the company's address and details.

A one-page business letter written in English and German from J.B. Jacobs & Co. to Jacobs Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on October 30, 1846. The letter discusses business matters. Related correspondence exists (see 20.512 & 20.518).

A business letter written by Joseph Schlesinger, successor to L. Heineman, from Bradford, Pennsylvania to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Rheims, New York on May 4, 1880. The letter, written on company letterhead, discusses business matters.

One-page business letter dated February 6, 1884, from L. Frank & Sons in Zanesville, Ohio, to J. Machetauz & Bro. in Matamoras, Ohio. The letter concerns hides, furs, pelts, tallow, rags, and metals. The letterhead features a lithograph or image of a warehouse. Additional information notes L. Frank's burial in Muskingum County, Ohio, at Beth Abraham Jewish Cemetery, and that Julius Frank, a son, died in 1912 and served as a Temple trustee.

A business letter dated March 17, 1891, from L. Katzenstein & Co., general machinists and engineers' supplies manufacturers in New York City, to the Furr Alpaca Company in Holyoke, Massachusetts. The letter features an illustration of Katzenstein's patented metallic packing on the letterhead.

A business letter dated October 12, 1871, from Levy Brothers at 1213 & 1215 Main St., Richmond, Virginia, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. The letter includes a check.

A one and three-quarter page letter written in German from M. Mayer to Jacobs & Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 15, 1849. The letter discusses business matters and was written from Franklin, Mississippi. M. Mayer died of yellow fever in Grand Gulf in 1853.

A half-page business letter written by Marcuse Bros. to J. W. Brown, Esq. on March 29, 1865, in Marysville, California. The letter acknowledges receipt of a payment and expresses hope for future business. It includes a 2-cent revenue stamp.

Three-page business letter dated November 4, 1830, from Mordecai Myers in Petersburg, Virginia, to Matthew Maury in New York, New York. The letter details cotton purchases Myers made on Maury's account, totaling approximately $12,000 (equivalent to approximately $300,000 in 2017).

One-page business letter written on the letterhead of Nathan Levi & Co., located at the corner of Mill and Market Streets in Rochester, New York. Dated September 10, 1877, the letter was sent to C. G. Sigood in Wellsboro, Pennsylvania. The letterhead indicates that Nathan Levi & Co. were dealers in clothing, engaged in manufacturing and wholesale business. Additional names, Levi, Nathan | Lichtenstein, Rudoph | Rothschild, Bernard, are listed on the letter.

A business letter dated June 26, 1885, from Rosenberg & Co., saddle and harness manufacturers located at No. 18 Broad Street, Selma, Alabama, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter measures 5.75" x 9".

A business letter dated October 14, 1871, from Seliger & Newman, located at 18 Hanover Street, Baltimore, Maryland, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. in New York, New York. The letter includes a check.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by W. Hendricks Levy in Charleston, South Carolina, to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York, on February 12, 1843. The letter pertains to the purchase of copper coin.

A business letter mentioning the address 21.23 W. Houston Street. The letter is from the firm HERSKOVITS & ROTH and dates to January 1, 1895. The archival item is located in Arc.MS.56, Volume 18, Page 26.

Billhead letter from Julius Basinski in Bozeman, Montana, to Henry Elling in Virginia City, Montana, concerning the transfer of funds. Dated August 9, 1880. The letterhead indicates a branch house in Miles City, Montana.

A business letter written on the billhead of Steinberg Bro's and Co., located at 96 West Main Street, Louisville, Kentucky, to Julius Weil of Paducah, Kentucky, dated August 13, 1880. The letter pertains to business matters, likely related to the tobacco industry, given the lithographed cigars on the billhead.

A business letter from Ullman Bros. & Co., liquor and wine merchants in Cleveland, Ohio, to William Otter in Ashland, Ohio, dated February 20, 1875. The letter, printed on a billhead, concerns an unpaid invoice from November 1871 for 42.5 gallons of whiskey at $1.70 per gallon.

A personal letter written by a clerk for Hecht Bros. & Co. on December 24, 1879, in Pocahontas, Arkansas. The letter expresses loneliness and contains commercial content related to the dry goods, boots, shoes, groceries, and general merchandise business of Hecht Bros. & Co. The letter is written on embossed letterhead featuring the names L. Hecht, S. Hecht, and L.F. Nicklase, indicating that the firm may have been Hecht and Nicklase. A gold ink overlay on the letterhead reads 'Hecht and Nicklase Survivor of.'

Collection of four documents pertaining to the Victoria Rock Oil Company of Canadian West, 1865. Two of the documents are letters signed by Isaac Levy selling his interests in the company, both bearing revenue stamps. The documents relate to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Collection of eight telegrams sent between April and September 1878 from David Neahr in Yuma, Arizona to L.M. Jacobs & Co. in Tucson, Arizona. The telegrams, on War Department, Signal Service U.S.A. forms, concern financial transactions, shipping of goods, and delivery details. The telegrams are part of a larger collection detailing the business activities of L.M. Jacobs & Co., prominent Tucson pioneers and bankers.

A commercial letter written by A. Adler & Co., distillers and wholesale liquor dealers located at Third & Market Square in St. Joseph, Missouri, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, on November 17, 1876. The letter's content is brief.

Commercial letter from Isaac Baker & J. Ostheimer, clothing manufacturers at 501, 503, & 505 State Street, Erie, Pennsylvania, to McKenney Bros. in North Liberty, Pennsylvania, dated May 31, 1889. The letter mentions the authors' roles as trustees of the Anshe Ciiesed Reform Congregation in Erie.

A commercial letter dated April 27, 1883, from Heidelbach, Friedlander & Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Robert Williams. The letter discusses business matters related to the clothing trade, mentioning Moses Heidelbach's presence in the New York City office. The letter is written in English.

Commercial letter from Jelenko & Bro., a dry goods store in Charleston, West Virginia, to Thomas R. Brown. Dated August 8, 1884. The letter mentions a location on Front Street near Summer Street in Charleston, WV, and references business dealings possibly in Kentucky.

This archival object is a commercial letter on the letterhead of Koenigsberger, Falk & Co., Cigar Manufacturers, located at 119 Pine Street, San Francisco, California. The letter, dated April 24, 1891, is signed by Loewenberg. Other names appearing on the letterhead include Koenigsberger, P., Falk, Solomon, Weiler, A. I., and Steinberger, A. I. The letter mentions an office in Key West, Florida.

Envelope with advertising insert and commercial letter dated September 3, 1856, from L. Samuel to Henry Cohen, with a copy to B.S. Cohen. The letter refers to Henry Cohen, a well-known businessman in stationery supplies who also imports goods from his family firm in London. Henry Cohen is identified as the father of Mary Cohen, and the family is noted for its involvement in Jewish affairs in Philadelphia and Maryland. The family is described as very wealthy.

A commercial letter dated March 16, 1881, sent from Lehman, Richman & Co. in Cleveland, Ohio to Hower Bros. in Burbank, Ohio. The letter discusses clothing and woolens. The letterhead indicates the business address as 86 & 88 Water Street, Cleveland, OH.

Commercial letter written by Leo Stein of the Stein Manufacturing Company in Rochester, New York, to J.B. Judson on April 30, 1883. The letter inquires about paying a tax bill on 40 acres of land owned by Stein in Huron County, Michigan. The Stein Manufacturing Company produced cloth-covered caskets.

A one-page commercial letter, dated October 15, 1830, from the firm Mordecai & Myers in Petersburg, Virginia, to Matthew Maury in Boston, Massachusetts. The letter discusses cotton shipments, market prices, and business arrangements. It was forwarded from New York City.

A commercial letter written by Thalheimer & Hirsch, manufacturers of the Centennial Shirt, to Rhoades & Grosvenor on May 29, 1874. The letter, originating from 14 Bank Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, expresses dissatisfaction with received cloth. The letterhead features a patriotic design incorporating an eagle, the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, and a Star of David containing "C100", a registered trademark dating back to May 2, 1872. The letter measures approximately 12 x 8 1/2 inches.

A four-page letter, dated 1775, detailing instructions for a whaling voyage to the Falkland Islands and off the coast of Brazil. Written by Aaron Lopez to Captain Thomas Folger, the letter provides navigational advice, warnings about encountering other ships, and hints at the abundance of whales in the targeted areas. The letter also reveals the extensive network of contacts Aaron Lopez maintained across various locations such as the Falkland Islands, the West Indies, Madeira, Lisbon, Gibraltar, Cadiz, and Barbados. This document originates from Newport, Rhode Island.

Envelope addressed to George Bamberger at 280 Broadway, sent from T. C. Millard & Co., a hat manufacturing company in Danbury, Connecticut, on January 21, 1889. The envelope is part of the E collection at the University of Pennsylvania.

Envelope addressed to Goldenberg Bros. at 468-470 Broome Street, New York City. The envelope postmark indicates December 7, 1893. This item is part of the Manuscript Collection.

Envelope addressed to Henry J. Misel at 6 East Blackwell Street. The envelope's return address is missing. Date is July 15, 1903. The letter itself contains full business information, though this information is not specified on the envelope.

Envelope addressed to Ira Leo Bamberger at 291 Broadway, New York, New York, postmarked May 20, 1887. The envelope also mentions Jackson, Michigan.

Envelope addressed to Joseph Auerbach at 623 Penn Ave., Washington, D.C. The envelope features an image of a man in formal wear and advertising text, indicating it was likely used for commercial purposes. Dated circa 1902.

Envelope with advertising for Loewenstein, Strousse & Co., Wholesale Clothiers, located at 16 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The envelope is addressed to Loewenstein, Strousse & Co. and mailed from Mora, New Mexico on May 31, 1894. This item is described as a good example of mercantile reach in the West.

Envelope addressed to Schwabacher Bros. & Co. at 17 and 19 Battery Street, San Francisco, California. The envelope shows the return address of Hoffman & Co. in Walla Walla, Washington Territory. The envelope is postmarked 1875 and features the Wells, Fargo & Company logo. It is likely related to business correspondence between the firms.

Envelope addressed to Tobias Hendricks in Charleston, South Carolina, postmarked June 10, 1860. The envelope features a red handstamp advertisement for Mordecai & Co., steamship agents in Baltimore and Charleston. The envelope contains no internal contents.

Envelope from the Chief and Chum Cigar Factory located at 40 & 42 South Street. Dated June 1, 1897. The envelope is part of the collection of Judaica Americana.

Envelope addressed to D. Feinberg, a dealer in imported pictures, frames, and mirrors, located at 903 Washington Ave. North, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The envelope is postmarked November 1, 1889, and includes a crude rubber stamp advertisement. The return address is S. Chelimer & Son, New York, New York.

Envelope addressed to L. Fancher from G. Thalheimer, a wholesale grocery business located at 203, 205, 207, 209 & 211 East Water Street, Central Square, New York. The envelope is dated May 7, 1895 and contains a business letter. The business was one of the largest individually owned wholesale groceries in the USA.

An envelope addressed to H. & C. Tobias in New York, NY from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, dated August 18, 1841. The envelope contains a partially written draft of a letter declining an invitation.

Envelope addressed to C. P. Poppenheim in Charleston, South Carolina, from Hermann Boker & Co. The envelope is dated August 23, 1893. It's part of the O Collection, located in Ms. Coll. 1410, OOS, Box 2, Folder 25.

Envelope addressed to Joseph Wolf, a distiller's agent and commission merchant, at 75.77 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois, dated May 17, 1889. The envelope also shows the return address of S. R. Buford & Co.

A blue envelope addressed to an unknown recipient, postmarked July 28, 1890. The envelope bears the inscription "OLD PLANTATION NURSERY" and the address "NEW LEVEE & ARABELLA STREET." The geographic context indicates the location to be New Orleans, Louisiana. The sender is listed as Louis Schwan.

An envelope from Meyrowitz Bros., opticians, located at 78 North Pearl Street, Albany, New York. The envelope is undated, but based on other materials in the collection, it is likely from around 1890.

An envelope from Tellers Real Estate Registry in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated October 8, 1897. The envelope features an advertisement for "Tellers Real Estate Register" and indicates that it is available free at all drug stores. The publishers are listed as being located on the second floor of the Ledger Building, 606 Chestnut Street.

An envelope with an advertisement for Lowenthal & Wolf. The advertisement is in Art Deco style and mentions a location on Charles and Lombard Streets in Baltimore, Maryland. The letter inside also contains the full advertisement. Date on Envelope: November 21, 1908.

This archival item consists of a store envelope addressed to B. Loewenstein at H. Rosenthal's, 632 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and containing two handwritten letters dated April 8, 1877. The letters, written in German, are from Morris Strouse and H. Rosenthal, respectively, and appear to be a combination of personal and business correspondence. Each letter is neatly written on four pages of 5" x 7" paper. The envelope also contains an advertising insert (the nature of which is not specified). The letters were sent while Loewenstein was staying at Rosenthal's in Philadelphia, and were subsequently sent to him in Mora, New Mexico.

Envelope containing advertising materials for Schaffer / Budenberg. The envelope indicates a business location at Bedford & Canton Streets, Brooklyn, New York, and is dated 1893. The envelope is part of a larger collection of Judaica Americana.

This archival object consists of an envelope with an ornate, multicolored tobacco advertisement printed on one-third of its surface. The envelope was addressed to 25 South 4th Street, St. Louis, Missouri. It contains a commercial letter with a distinctive letterhead and a returned envelope. The envelope and its contents are dated September 4, 1898.

Yellow envelope addressed to H. Reiffen at 120 Canal Street, New York, New York. The envelope postmarks indicate a date of December 27, 1894. The envelope is part of the Ms. Coll. 1410 collection.

Envelope depicting a store emblem for Ehrich Brothers, located between 22nd and 23rd Streets in New York City. The date is unknown, but the image suggests a late 19th or early 20th-century origin. This item is part of the M collection, housed in Ms. Coll. 1410, Box 6, Folder 52.

Envelope addressed to I. Hamburger, importers and dealers in leaf tobacco, located at 174 Water Street. The date of the envelope is October 4, 1893. The envelope is part of Manuscript Collection 1410, Box 6, Folder 35.

Undated business letter sent from J. H. Coopsim in Fraser Park, Missouri, to the Rothschild Bank in Paris, France. The letter concerns a customer in Hamburg, Germany. The envelope features the names of J. H. Coopsim and Leonhard Roos Fur Co. and the locations of Fraser Park and St. Louis, Missouri, and Paris, France.

Envelope addressed to Kleckner, Shimer & Co. at 15 South Water Street, Philadelphia. The business was established in 1863. The envelope is dated January 1, 1884.

Envelope addressed to 36 Court St. and containing a business letter. Sent from L. Baum & Co. in Binghamton, New York on May 2, 1892.

An envelope from Louis Kerstein & Son, real estate and insurance brokers in Bangor, Maine. The envelope features a logo of a star with points of the compass, a shield in the center, and the text "INSURANCE PROCURED IN ALL THE LEADING COMPANIES." The address 36 Main St. is printed on the envelope. Dated February 28, 1902.

Envelope featuring a lithograph advertisement for "American Offices...Mary T. Goldman; Goldman Building." The envelope is undated, but based on the style, it is likely from the early 20th century. It is addressed to an unknown recipient in St. Paul, Minnesota.

Envelope addressed to Adelsdorfer / Brandenstein. The envelope identifies the sender as the "Proprietors of Washington Manufacturing Co., Importers and Manufacturers," located at 17 and 19 First Street. The date is May 4, 1897.

Envelope from the Rosenfeld Company, manufacturers of wooden ware and household specialties, located at 39 Pryor Street, Atlanta, Georgia. Dated December 3, 1903.

Envelope addressed to Siegle/Rothchild. The return address indicates Baltimore and Howard Streets. A lithograph depicting a factory and an umbrella is mentioned. Date: October 18, 1910. Location: Baltimore, Maryland.

Large red printed seal envelope with "THE BIG SILK WAIST HOUSE..F.R." printed in the middle. The address 73 & 75 Wooster Street is also printed on the envelope. Date is estimated as May 2, 1900. Physical location: Ms. Coll. 1410, M, Box 8, Folder 58.

This archival collection contains three items: two envelopes and an advertisement. The first envelope is addressed to S. Rosenbaum & Son at 227 6th Street in Louisville, Kentucky, and postmarked December 17, 1883. The second envelope is addressed to Rosenbaum Brothers in Louisville, Kentucky and postmarked February 17, 1884. A separate advertisement for the American Cigar Company, featuring Philip Whitlock, is dated 1886. The envelopes show business relationships in Louisville, Kentucky and Derby, Indiana, and the advertisement provides insight into the tobacco industry of the time.

Receipt for $167.85 issued by S. M. Rosenbaum & Sons, located at 227 Sixth Street between Main and Market Streets in Louisville, Kentucky, on July 31, 1882. The receipt is enclosed in an envelope addressed to an unknown recipient in Richmond, Virginia. The record also includes a letter dated September 18, 1871.

A letter dated November 18, 1891, from Hirsh & Brother in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, requesting Wells Fargo Bank in Carson City, Nevada to collect on a draft. The letter includes the address 1309-1317 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A bifolium broadside issued by Lazard Frères & Co. on March 31, 1884, announcing the appointment of Eugene Arnstein as a partner in their New York City office. The broadside also lists the firm's offices in London and Paris and specifies the banks on which the firm draws. One page displays Arnstein's signature for authentication.

Legal letter from Jacob Frank, importer and distiller located at 58 Spring Street, dated July 22, 1896. The letter is part of a larger manuscript collection and pertains to mercantile business. The letter's contents are described as a 'legal letter' and is located in Ms. Coll. 1410, Box 8, Folder 56.

Letterhead for Lester J. Saul & Co., Contractors for Uniforms, Liveries & Fine Clothing. Features a large logo with an eagle. The address listed is 658 Broadway, with a factory located in Albany, NY. The date is April 12, 1895. This item is an envelope from the M Collection.

This letter, dated May 16, 1882, is from Banner Brothers, Importers & Manufacturers of Fine Clothing & Furnishing Goods, located in San Francisco, California, with a branch in New York City. It is addressed to Greenhood, Bohm & Co. in Helena, Montana, and concerns an order given to their salesman, Mr. Solomon, noting an expectation for a large future order. The letterhead features an elaborate, ornate Victorian-style design with decorative typography for the business name, an initial 'B' logo, and detailed addresses. 3.

A handwritten letter from Alexander Levinsky of Oglethorpe, Georgia, to Carhart & Roff in Macon, Georgia, dated September 23, 1854. The letter concerns an incorrect order where pepper sauce was sent instead of peppermint, which Levinsky had intended for his bar. He notes that he will keep the pepper sauce as he can dispose of it to the hotel, and requests that one dozen peppermint be sent. The body of the letter is in a different hand than the signature of Alexander Levinsky. A postscript mentions, "You can send it by the bearer of this Boy Mortimer belonging to Col Osborn," indicating the use of an enslaved individual for delivery. The back of the letter is addressed to "Mefs Carhart & Roff Macon Ga" and also notes "by Boy Mortimer."

This letter, dated June 9, 1887, from Curry Marks, an agent, to Gish & Co. in Lynchburg, Virginia, discusses a business trip. Writing on the ornate letterhead of D. Abraham, a wholesale and retail dealer of crockery, Haviland's French china, glassware, and plated ware, Marks explains that he is in Montgomery, Alabama, but finds it "useless for me to be on the road this month" due to inactive saw mills, which means the mills are not in need of goods. He expresses readiness to travel next month if Gish & Co. approves. The letterhead features decorative Victorian-style lettering for the business name, along with a detailed listing of the products sold and the street address.

A letter from E. Lieberman, a wholesale clothing manufacturer and jobber in goods for men's wear, located at 122 Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, dated July 30, 1875. The letter, addressed to Messrs. Potter & Strotland of Sheridan, discusses a previous communication received on July 20th and apologizes for an oversight in sending a statement. It requests payment within a few days and offers a one percent deduction for early remittance. The letterhead features ornate Victorian-style lettering for the business name and details. **3.

A two-page handwritten letter from Greenhood, Bohm & Co., a wholesale and retail clothier, addressed to partner Ike (Isaac Greenhood) in Virginia City, Montana Territory. The letter discusses various business matters, including an illness that prevented the writer from attending to business, the potential future location of a new store based on railroad development, current retail business profits, and cigar sales. The writer notes that the business has made over $5000 this year. The letterhead features the business name "GREENHOOD, BOHM & CO." in an ornate, period-typical font, with listed addresses in Helena, Montana; 215 Sansome St., San Francisco, Cal.; and 152 Chambers St., New York.

This business letter from L. Corn & Co., manufacturers of soft and stiff fur hats, acknowledges receipt of a check for $25.00 from M. J. S. Horah, in settlement of bills from April 10. The letter, dated April 16, 1886, also solicits further orders. The item features a printed letterhead with ornate Victorian-style typography for the company name and business description. The address and factory location are also printed, while the date, recipient's name, and signature are handwritten in script. 3.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope from the dry goods and notions firm Goldbarth & Strauss, located at 236 Kanawha Street in Charleston, West Virginia, to Henry C. Wysor in Dublin, Virginia. The letter is dated July 5, 1889. The contents of the letter are not specified in the provided metadata.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The letter, dated from Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, was sent to Jenkins, Stuben in Wyoming, Pennsylvania, circa 1870s. The letterhead indicates that H. G. Lazarus was a watchmaker, successor to W. C. Freeman, in Pittston, Pennsylvania. The envelope is addressed to Jenkins, Stuben in Hyde Park, Pennsylvania. The letter and envelope provide insight into business correspondence and the clock and watch industry in 19th-century Pennsylvania.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The envelope, postmarked June 26, 1886, features advertising for I. Scheier & Son, the Plattsburgh Cigar Factory (established 1863), and the depot for Rochester Brewing & Excelsior Lager. The envelope's address indicates it was sent from Plattsburgh, New York, to Ripton, Vermont. The letter itself is not fully transcribed in the available metadata, but it references the Congregation Beth Israel in Plattsburgh, founded April 27, 1865, and lists Rabbi Jacob Lubin among its leadership.

This archival object consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The letter, dated July 23, 1887, was written by Jules Levy & Bros., importers of embroideries and laces located at 5 & 7 Sansome Street in San Francisco, California, to S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon. The letter, written on Jules Levy & Bros.' letterhead, pertains to an order. The letterhead also lists the company's offices in New York City and Paris. The envelope further confirms the correspondence's sender and recipient, and its date.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The letter, dated October 13, 1869, was sent from N. G. Kelebur to Bean & Jay in Cleveland, Ohio. The envelope bears the return address of Mayer & Habich, also of Cleveland, Ohio, and is addressed to a recipient in New Paris, Ohio. The letter's content is commercial in nature.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope, dated August 29, 1887. The letter, written on P. H. Rosenstock & Co. Boots and Shoes letterhead, was sent by M. H. Livingston of Portland, Oregon (acting as an agent for P. H. Rosenstock & Co. in San Francisco), to W. L. Wade, a shoe dealer in North Salem, Oregon. The letter's original destination of San Francisco was crossed out, and 'Sprague, W.T.' (Washington Territory) was written instead. The letterhead measures 5 7/8" x 9 3/8", and the envelope measures 3 1/2" x 6 1/4". The envelope bears an 1887 Sprague postmark.

Letter book containing 290 letters of commercial correspondence, primarily between Tobias & Co. and David Judah, spanning from May 21, 1825, to September 10, 1830. The letters detail Jewish mercantile activities in Richmond, Virginia, and include information about David Judah's bankruptcy in 1827 and his subsequent move to Baltimore. The book also includes copies of letters written by David Judah to Tobias & Co., newspaper clippings on tariffs circa 1825, and correspondence with other Jewish merchants such as Levy & Solomon, Block & Co., J.B. Seixas, and Louis Gomez. The earliest commercial document from David Judah in the Tobias Archive is dated June 9, 1821. An advertisement for a Jewish-owned business in Richmond, featuring David Judah, Edward Pollack, and Tobias I. Tobias, is included from the *Richmond Enquirer* dated July 5, 1822. The book has red pasteboard covers and 168 pages. Acquired January 7, 2013.

This letter book contains correspondence from Tobias I. Tobias, written in New York City between August 8, 1816, and March 12, 1817. The letters detail his business dealings in the import and export of watches, gold chains, furs, cloth, and other goods with various business partners in London and New York City. The volume also includes personal letters and family matters.

A letter written in French from A & M Heine in New Orleans, Louisiana to B. L. Fould & Fould Oppenheim in Paris, France, dated March 25, 1853. The letter details banking transactions.

Letter from A. & B. Moog in Hammondsport, New York, to the Urbana Wine Co. in Mobile, Alabama, dated November 24, 1882. The letter discusses business matters, possibly related to the wine trade. A lithograph of the Urbana Wine Co. store is mentioned.

A letter dated October 27, 1875, from A. B. Elfelt in San Francisco, California, to Fort Brioger in Walla Walla Territory (W.T.). The letter discusses a bad debt and mentions a lawsuit with Levi Strauss & Co. over the use of copper rivets on pants pockets. Elfelt was a partner in the New York City firm of Elfelt, Levi & Co. The A. Elfelt company, established in San Francisco in 1867, manufactured and sold workwear wholesale. The letter originated from 108 & 110 Samsome Street, San Francisco, California.

A letter dated October 21, 1880, from A. Bacharach & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to R. Loewenstein & Co. in Mora, New Mexico, declining a $3.00 allowance for a damaged coat and offering $2.00 instead. The letter is contained within an advertisement envelope from A. Bacharach & Co. at 409 Market Street, Philadelphia. The letter was written by A. Bacharach and addressed to R. Loewenstein.

A business letter addressed to Jacob I. Cohen, Jr., president of the Baltimore Fire Insurance Company, concerning insurance on a house. Written in Frederick, Maryland, and addressed to Baltimore, Maryland, on October 12, 1850.

A commercial letter from A. C. Brown & Green in New York City to Hendricks Brothers in Liverpool, England, dated July 4, 1851. The letter pertains to the copper trade, highlighting Hendricks Brothers' significant role as a major copper importer in the USA and a primary supplier to the US Navy and Paul Revere. The letter is stampless.

A one-page, stampless letter written in German from A. Cahn in Grenada, Mississippi, to Jacobs Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on April 8, 1848. The letter discusses business matters and references a draft on Gans & Shoneman in Philadelphia. Similar correspondence can be found in files 20.512 and 20.517.

A 2 1/4-page letter written by A. E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on November 19, 1852. The letter discusses business matters, including orders, silver, a notice of dissolution, and general business notes, suggesting financial difficulties for the Baldwin firm.

Two-page letter written by A. Engle in New Orleans on October 6, 1857, to James Symington in New York. The letter discusses a business matter concerning a draft, banking transactions, and the potential loss of money. It reveals details about pre-Civil War business practices and anxieties related to banking solvency.

A partially pre-printed advertising letter from A. G. Mandel & Co. to I. F. Leas, dated October 19, 1868. The letter was sent from New York, New York, to Orville, Ohio. The letter is on a letterhead and is in excellent condition; the cover shows some damage, staining, age yellowing, and a fancy cancel. I. F. Leas was an 1873 trustee of the Institute for the Improved Instruction of Deaf-Mutes, all of whose trustees and officers were Jewish.

A letter written by A. Gusdorf to the First National Bank of Santa Fe, New Mexico on September 27, 1879. The letter originates from Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico and pertains to business matters. The letterhead features the name and address of A. Gusdorf.

A letter written on September 6, 1894, from A. J. Seligman to the Castle Land Company in Helena, Montana. The letterhead identifies the Castle Land Company as agents for Judson Dynamite and Powder. The content of the letter is unknown.

A letter dated February 3, 1893, from A. Lichtenstein Son & Co., cigar manufacturers located at 309-311 East 59th Street, New York, to R. C. Halliday of Dillon, Montana. The letter measures 5 1/4" by 7 7/8" in size.

A letter dated May 25, 1886, from A. Rosenfeld & Co. in Owensboro, Kentucky, to W. P. Howard & Co. in St. Louis, Missouri. The letter, on the letterhead of the Rock Spring Distilling Co., discusses the distilling business and features an illustration of their Tip Top Whiskey brand. The letter mentions A. Rosenfeld and Abe Hirsch as partners.

Letter written on June 13, 1865, on the letterhead of A. Strauss, Great Litho of Temple Hall, Star Clothing Store, Delaware, Ohio. The letter is addressed to the Singer Company and orders a sewing machine on an iron stand for $85.00. The letterhead features a lithograph of Temple Hall. This item is part of the Judaica Americana Collection.

A letter written by A. Strauss to the Singer Manufacturing Co. on June 13, 1865, concerning a tax matter. The letter originates from Delaware, Ohio, United States. The letter is not related to Jewish individuals or organizations.

A letter written by A. W. Keddie to Chad P. Braynard on October 20, 1869. The letter is written on Levensohn & Galland letterhead, established in 1855. Levensohn was in San Francisco and Galland in Red Bluff, California. The letter was sent via Wells, Fargo & Co. and bears a Red Bluff postmark. The envelope includes advertising.

A one-page letter written by Aaron B. Nones in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to S. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on February 9, 1819. Nones reports on his arrival in Haiti, the poor prospects for sales due to a large influx of goods from France, and his intention to travel to Aux Cayes to sell goods for Tobias & Co. He expresses gratitude for the hospitality received in New York City. Nones is identified as the son of Benjamin Nones, a patriot of the American Revolutionary War. A related 1825 legal document from New York City, in which Nones is a defendant in a civil matter, is also part of this collection.

Commercial letter written by Abraham Hart, a leading Jewish figure and president of Mikveh Israel, to R. Bacon in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 18, 1865.

A three-page letter, with an additional two and a half pages of cross-hatched writing, from Abraham Joseph in London, England to T.I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated February 11, 1823. The letter discusses family matters and business dealings, referencing speculation linked to the Rothschilds. The handwriting is difficult to decipher due to the cross-hatching.

Stampless Letter - 3 ½ full page Letter from Abraham Joseph in London to Tobias I. Tobias in NYC, 7/5/1823. Notes that Mikee Tobias (brother of Tobias I. Tobias) is arriving in NYC in 23 days. A thrust is that his son Sylvester Joseph is not doing well in Holland and he is encouraging him to settle in America. He asks for help with introductions. The Letter is replete with business gossip, including mention of the Rothchilds. At age 26, Sylvester taught Mathematics at the University of Virginia, though only for a few months, abruptly resigning after stabbing a belligerent anti-Semitic student with a sword-cane in self-defense. Fleeing to New York - where he was again professionally rebuffed because of his religion, this time at Columbia - he was warmly welcomed by some of America's leading young pioneering scientists. This Letter reveals that, unknown to his biographers, Sylvester was also hosted in New York by the eminent Dr. Francis, founder of the New York Academy of Medicine, and personal physician to the alcoholic Edgar Allen Poe and the parents of Herman Melville. Francis (who does not appear in the definitive Sylvester biography) undoubtedly met the Professor through his wife's nephew, Sam Ward, rich bon vivant who held a German doctorate in Math and went on to become "King" of Washington Lobbyists. Sylvester returned to the United States in the 1870s, to head the Math Department at Johns Hopkins and to found the first mathematical journal in America. Could find no record of any Sylvester Letter sold at a major auction house in recent decades. Letter from Moses N. Nathan to Isaac Leeser (@ U of P);August 17, 1865...notes .... "Professor Sylvester who has solved what Newton left improved, was once a pupil of mine; I taught him Hebrew in Liverpool." Valued as one collection...Purchased as one on 1/7/2013 ...listed with history on item 20.1132 in Collectify

A three-page letter written by Abraham Joseph in London, England, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, on June 23, 1823. The letter discusses reconciliation between Tobias I. Tobias and his brother, and business matters concerning a debt owed to Moses Samuel of Liverpool.

A single-page business letter written by Jewish merchant Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia on October 20, 1845, to I. T. Tobias, a New York merchant. Minis discusses slow business, anticipates increased activity, and requests Tobias's attention to consignments, specifically regarding the import of champagne.

A one-page stampless letter, dated March 7, 1848, from Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia to T. I. Tobias in New York City. Minis discusses unsatisfactory sales of goods, particularly wine, explaining discrepancies in quantities and attributing them to absorption during shipment. He apologizes for the poor results and includes his current prices.

A business letter written by Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia on October 17, 1845, to T. J. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses the sales of wine, including Port, Sherry, Brandy, and Madeira.

Two-page business letter from Abraham Tobias & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated October 8, 1836. The letter details business matters including a wine shipment, the cholera epidemic, cloth materials, and a draft on books. It concludes with a note from D. C. Levy expressing gratitude for hospitality in New York City.

A letter written by Abraham Tobias to I. J. Tobias on March 26, 1839, discussing the difficulties in the wine business, specifically the low prices of champagne and superior wines. The letter was sent from Charleston, South Carolina to New York, New York. The letter mentions a broadside of wines for sale (see 17.108).

A stampless business letter dated February 13, 1845, from Abraham Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses business matters, including a reference to a $500 check and mentions a delay in mail delivery. Abraham Tobias was a prominent Charleston merchant and civic leader.

A letter written by Abraham Tobias to T.I. Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina on December 26, 1835. The letter expresses sympathy regarding the Great Charleston Fire of 1835, which destroyed nearly 700 buildings, mostly commercial enterprises. Tobias also details his new business partnership with D.C. Levy under the name A. Tobias & Co.

A letter written on October 3, 1874, by Abraham Wolff to Kuhn, Loeb & Company. The letter concerns a property and is written on Kuhn, Loeb & Company lithographed letterhead, 31 Nassau Street.

A one-page business letter dated April 1, 1874, written by Adolph L. Sanger of the law firm Isaacs & Sanger. The letter is on the firm's letterhead, indicating their office location at 243 Broadway, Rooms 9 & 10, New York City. The letter also mentions Isaac A. Isaacs and R. B. Regensurger.

A business letter from Albert E. Schreiber & Co., located at 140 North Desplaines Street, Chicago, Illinois, to A. B. Piske dated September 20, 1883. The letter pertains to a quote for an iron shutter.

A stampless business letter written by Alexander Kursheedt in New York, New York, to Henry White in New Haven, Connecticut, on November 18, 1837. The letter discusses business matters.

A letter written on H. Muhr's Sons Manufacturing Jewelers and Watch Case Makers letterhead, addressed to Mayer Sulzberger in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 16, 1886. The sender's name is illegible.

A stampless business letter sent to Henrich Costes in New York City, New York on October 17, 1737. The letter's origin and the writer's identity require further research. The letter was sent from New York to Albany.

A single-page letter dated March 21, 1851, from Andrew Boyd of Frederick, Maryland, to J. I. Cohen, Jr., President of the Baltimore Fire Insurance Company in Baltimore, Maryland. Boyd writes on behalf of Samuel Snider, requesting a change of address on Snider's insurance policy due to a recent move.

A letter dated October 3, 1899, written by Ansley D. Cohen to his wife in Maine. The letter, written on Cohen & Wells Ship Brokers and Commission Merchants letterhead, discusses the writer's inability to leave port due to inclement weather. The accompanying envelope also bears the Cohen & Wells letterhead. Cohen inherited the firm from his father, Joseph Cohen. Records indicate the firm's existence as far back as 1872, possibly dating to the Civil War era. The letter details the purchase of six ships. Ansley D. Cohen married Carrie Moise on May 28, 1880.

Letter from Arnold Pollak & Co., leaf tobacco dealers and agents for Havana Brands, to R. C. Adelman in Boise City, Idaho Territory, dated October 13, 1886. The letter sheet is split horizontally, and the envelope is postmarked San Francisco, October 13, 1886. An invoice from October 11, 1886 and an unused return envelope are also included.

A business letter written on the letterhead of Arthur Lewin & Co., Commission Merchants & Mfg. Agents, located at 18 & 20 Battery St., San Francisco, California. Dated October 11, 1886, the letter addresses the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. concerning dissatisfaction expressed by Kahn Bros. regarding a received towel order. The letter measures 8 x 10 inches and is written on both sides.

This archival item consists of a letter and envelope dated November 27, 1885, from August Belmont, Jr. to Mr. Thayer. The letter was sent from Belmont, New York. The letter is part of a larger collection documenting the life and career of August Belmont Sr., a prominent American financier born in Alzey, Prussia in 1813 to a Jewish family. Belmont Sr. immigrated to New York City in 1837, becoming a representative of the Rothschild banking house. He established August Belmont & Company, played a significant role in American finance, and actively supported the Union cause during the Civil War. This letter from his son, August Belmont Jr., offers insight into the family's continued involvement in finance and business in the late 19th century.

A commercial letter dated February 19, 1883, from B. Desenberg & Co., commission merchants in Kalamazoo, Michigan, to the cashier of the First National Bank. The letter requests payment.

A business letter from B. Levi Sons, located at 107-111 St. Joseph Street, Rochester, New York, dated July 19, 1900. The letterhead features a picture of a man in a skullcap and depicts a warehouse. The content of the letter pertains to business matters.

Commercial letter from B. Lowenstein & Co., dealers in general merchandise, wool, hides, and pelts, in Mora, New Mexico, to Las Vegas, New Mexico, dated March 5, 1873. The letter discusses a payment. The letter measures 5 x 7 3/4 inches.

A letter written on Bank of Tucson stationery by B. M. Jacobs to A. Springer in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, dated December 9, 1884. The letter contains a discussion of revisions to a code system and bears the stamp of the Cochise County Bank, Tombstone, Arizona Territory. The letter is considered rare Western content.

A business letter dated October 3, 1884, from B. Moog in Mobile, Alabama, to the Urbana Wine Co. in Hammondsport, New York. The letter features a lithographed letterhead depicting the Urbana Wine Co.'s store. The letterhead also indicates that B. Moog is the successor to A. & B. Moog.

Three-page letter (written on five sides), each page measuring 9" x 6", written on the advertising letterhead of The San Antonio Club, San Antonio, Texas, dated January 29, 1885. The letter details business matters concerning the contractual terms of a land deal from B. Oppenheimer and is addressed to N. A. Milton in Houston, Texas. Included is a cover from "B. Oppenheimer & Co." B. Oppenheimer & Co. was active in Jewish affairs.

A letter written on Bank of Tucson stationery by B.M. Jacobs to A. Springer in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, dated February 25, 1885. The letter bears the stamp of the Cochise County Bank in Tombstone. The content pertains to mercantile matters.

A business letter from Baum & Kulman to E. C. Bailey dated December 27, 1879. The letter, functioning as a receipt, discusses business transactions related to dry goods or clothing. The letter was sent from Montgomery, Alabama to an unspecified location, likely in Boston, Massachusetts.

A commercial letter written by Bernhard Mayer of New York City to W & B Douglass on June 11, 1862. The letter is printed on Mayer's letterhead, indicating his business as a manufacturer of varnishes and japans. The letterhead lists his address as 80 Beekman Street, New York City. Established in 1846, Mayer's firm is later listed with partners Siefred Mayer and Leopold Lowenstein in 1876.

Letter from Bloch Brothers in Clarksville, Tennessee, to Ebenezer C. Bailey in Boston, Massachusetts, dated April 6, 1874. The letter is written on Bloch Brothers' letterhead.

A half-sheet billhead/letterhead from the firm of Breslauer, Moses & Co., dated December 17, 1883. The letter was sent from Georgetown, South Carolina, and the recipient was Simons & Cappelman. The letterhead features an illustration.

A commercial letter dated February 16, 1884, from Browne & Manganaes to Eisemann Brothers in Las Vegas, New Mexico. The letter pertains to tallow and was sent from a branch in Fernando de Taos.

A two-page letter written by C. A. D'Araigo in Madrid, Spain, on June 28, 1839, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, personal health, and the progress of a school for young Hebrews.

A one-page letter (front and back) written by C. H. Meussdorffer in Portland, Oregon on August 18, 1876, to J. C. M. & Bro. in San Francisco, California. The letter primarily concerns business matters, including drafts and payments, with a brief mention of the writer enlarging his house.

Autograph letter signed (ALS) from C. H. Viel of East Phoenix to L. M. Jacobs & Co. of Tucson, Arizona Territory, dated June 15, 1879. The letter discusses the price of flour. Written on the letterhead of The Salt River Flouring Mill.

A business letter dated August 21, 1884, from C. Kraus & Co. in Wheeling, West Virginia, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter discusses a wine shipment received by C. Kraus & Co. The letterhead of C. Kraus & Co. shows their address as #6 & #8 12th Street, Wheeling, West Virginia.

A one and a half page stampless letter written by C. Melhado in Panama on May 18, 1840, to Charles Tobias in New York City. Melhado discusses his plans to remain in Panama to explore the Isthmus of Darien, mentions a letter of introduction he sent for Justo Arosemena, and inquires about Tobias's marital plans. The letter also notes that Arosemena's father was the Collector of Customs.

Letterhead of Cahn & Schoenfeld, Wholesale Wines, Liquors, and Cigars, dated December 10, 1884, from Miles City, Montana Territory. The letter is addressed to the Auditor in Helena, Montana Territory. It encloses two certificates for wolf skins and requests payment for them.

A one-page letter, part of a fourteen-letter collection (9 of 14), dated September 10, 1781. Written in Hartford, Connecticut, by Caleb Bull to Aaron Lopez. The letter discusses legal matters concerning a case with Elsworth and general business issues, including product orders and the complexities of the Continental currency. The collection spans June 21, 1779, to October 1, 1781, and details trade between Bull and Lopez, encompassing goods such as rum, ostrich plumes, flour, and fish. The letters show the impact of the Currency Crisis of 1779 on their trade. The letters are physically worn with stains, edge wear, toning, creasing, and some illegible portions due to moisture damage.

A single-page letter, the eleventh of fourteen, written on April 16, 1781, in Hartford, Connecticut, by Caleb Bull to Aaron Lopez. The letter details general business matters concerning the sale of Lopez's goods, specifically rum and dry goods, on his account. This collection comprises fourteen letters dated between June 21, 1779, and October 1, 1781, covering trade conducted by or with Aaron Lopez or Joseph Lopez, and merchants Caleb Bull (1746-1797) and Josiah Blakeley of Hartford. The letters discuss business affairs and the challenges presented by the currency crisis of the time. The letters are stained, edge-worn, toned, and creased. Portions of several letters written by Bull are illegible due to water damage. The letters also discuss the use of Continental currency and the economic hardships during the American Revolution.

A one-page manuscript letter dated October 15, 1857, from Cary Gratz, a merchant in St. Louis, Missouri, to J. M. McFarland in Chillicothe, Ohio. The letter discusses the effects of the Bank Panic of 1857 in St. Louis. Attached is a printed copy of the *Merchants’ Exchange Reporter and Prices Current*, St. Louis, Vol. 1, No. 37, Wednesday, October 14, 1857.

Handwritten letter from Cauffman H. Meyer in San Francisco to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, dated August 10, 1862. The letter discusses the remittance of funds for Congregation Emanu-El and Meyer's plans to move to Carson City, Nevada, where he had invested in a business with A. Fleishhaecker. Meyer was Isaac Leeser's book and newspaper agent in San Francisco.

A stampless letter written by Charles Henry Haswell in Cold Spring, New York, to Hendricks & Brothers in New York City on April 5, 1841. The letter discusses the need for copper bolts for the boilers of the USS Missouri, then under construction. The cover shows a manuscript postmark and is addressed to 'Mess Hendricks & Bros New York'.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York on August 31, 1841. The letter discusses general business news, mentioning buttons, terry silks, and satin.

A three-page letter, plus a page of cross-hatch markings, from Charles Tobias in Holyhead, England, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City, dated May 7, 1841. Charles details his sea voyage to Liverpool, his health, and his sister Sophie's improved health. A significant portion of the letter discusses business matters, including the financial troubles of Elias Mosley and advice for Henry regarding bills of exchange.

A two-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Kidderminster, England, on May 26, 1841, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters related to the button trade, family news, and Charles's travels and lodging at the Lion Hotel.

A three-page, stampless business letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York, dated July 11, 1841. The letter discusses business matters, including collection issues and purchases.

A three-page letter from Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, dated July 16 and July [day unknown], 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, including watch sales and a competitor's attempt to undercut prices. It also includes personal news about the family's health and activities, including a vacation in Wales.

A four and a half page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on February 12, 1839, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details business matters, family news, and plans for Charles's impending trip to America. The letter mentions the recovery of merchandise from a shipwreck, family disputes involving their uncle Asher Levy, and Henry's upcoming marriage to Rosalie Hendricks.

A 2 1/2 page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England on June 17, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses family matters, including the illness of Sophia and the behavior of Edmond, and also touches upon general business affairs. The letter was enclosed within another letter (20.1310).

Three-page letter, plus one page of cross-hatching, from Charles Tobias in Rock Ferry, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City, dated May 23, 1841. The letter discusses Sophie's health improvement, business dealings involving purchases for resale, sending samples to Henry, and Charles's view on the upcoming selling season.

A letter written by Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on May 10, 1849, to his father, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York City. The letter discusses the sale of wine.

A letter written by Charles Tobias to his father, Tobias I. Tobias, on January 1, 1850, in New York, New York. The letter discusses business matters and requests the sending of sheet music.

A one-page business letter from Chas. W. Rosenthal & Co., wallpaper company located at 507 North 4th Street, St. Louis, Missouri, to D. C. Proctor in Cuero, Texas, dated October 8, 1892. The letter details a customer's order.

Letter from Code, Hopper & Gratz, manufacturers of gas meters and apparatus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to General H. J. Biddle in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, dated May 24, 1861. The letter discusses the completion of 20,000 canteens and offers an additional 60,000 at the same price. The letter is written on the company's illustrated billhead. Robert H. Gratz's signature appears on the letter.

A letter from the firm Cohen & Fosdick in Savannah, Georgia, to I. G. Weld in Boston, Massachusetts, dated November 21, 1851. The letter discusses cotton prices and other matters related to the cotton trade.

A stampless letter from the firm Cohen & Fosdick in Savannah, Georgia, to I. G. Weld in Boston, Massachusetts, dated November 5, 1852. The letter discusses cotton prices and is written on a copy of "The Savannah Republican Prices Current," Vol. 12, No. 8.

A commercial letter dated November 21, 1857, from the firm Cohen & Fosdick in Savannah, Georgia, to I.G. Weld in Boston, Massachusetts. The letter discusses the cotton market and the state of the river for shipping.

Business letter dated September 3, 1849, from Cohen & Hertz in Salem, Massachusetts, to John E. Gardner in Savannah, Georgia. The letter discusses the shipment of lumber and also mentions the dissolution of one firm and the formation of Cohen & Hertz.

Commercial letter from Cohen, Mack & Co., located at 52 White Street, New York City, to F. Auerbach & Bro. in Salt Lake City, Utah, dated June 16, 1875. The letter is written on illustrated letterhead and discusses early Utah settlers who made fortunes in mining and started as storekeepers.

One-page business letter from Cohn & Feibelman, manufacturers of jean clothing at 70 & 72 Common Street, New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Eagle & Phoenix Savings Bank in Columbus, Georgia. The letter includes a check sent to the bank. Dated January 6, 1886.

A one-page, stampless letter (approximately 7-3/8" x 9") dated September 17, 1843, written from Colchester, England, to Michael Samuel in Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada. The letter combines business and personal matters, expressing concern over disturbances in Chatham, England, related to a disputed 1843 parliamentary election. The writer hopes that "no injury will come to you and yours". Michael Samuel's involvement in the repeal of the State Oath in New Brunswick by 1846 is referenced in the collection description.

Commercial letter from Cowan & Co., a dry goods and notions business located at 36 & 37 Public Square in Nashville, Tennessee, to Robert Williams, dated September 7, 1882. The letter contains business-related content and indicates the company's involvement in Jewish affairs.

Two-page letter written on the letterhead of the "Office Assistant Quartermaster, Bureau Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands," from D. Carvahlo in New Orleans to Reverend Isaac Leeser on April 19, 1866. The letter discusses business matters related to books, with Carvahlo expressing some frustration.

A one-and-a-half-page stampless letter from D. Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia, to Edward Pollock & Co. in New York, New York, dated October 9, 1822. The letter discusses drafts received totaling $5,178.63. A third page contains a separate, unusual letter to Tobias, with Judah denying involvement and ending with "I am here where are you? I am done, D J."

A commercial letter written on April 29, 1885, on the billhead of D. Newman & Son, located at 14 & 16 Market Street, Wilmington, North Carolina. The letter mentions David Newman in New York City and Martin Newman in Wilmington, North Carolina. The letter is addressed to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. Established in 1857.

A business letter dated October 17, 1892, from D. Rosenbaum in Reading, Pennsylvania, to Porter Bros. & Co. Rosenbaum requests a sample dozen pants buttons, indicating an intention to sell them door-to-door.

One-page letter written by D. T. Charles in Albany, New York, to T. F. Mason on March 28, 1870. The letter discusses plans to meet Adolph Sutro in New York City while Sutro awaits documents from California. T. F. Mason appears to have been involved in land sales in the Michigan copper fields.

A letter written by D. Wolfson to M. Joseph on June 22, 1889, concerning a claim made by Kahn and Schloss. The letter references a legal matter and is addressed to M. Joseph, a dry goods and notions merchant in Columbus, Georgia. The letter's content is partially visible in the provided image.

A one-page letter dated September 3, 1770, from Captain Daniel Cornell to Aaron Lopez in Newport, Rhode Island. Cornell describes the progress of his mercantile voyage to Quebec, Canada, mentioning difficulties with bad weather and necessary repairs to his ship's sails. The letter contains an indirect comment possibly alluding to a slave shipment ('will strive as fast as possible considering our Interest'). A postscript requests updates on his wife's and Mr. Gardner's son's well-being.

A one-page letter, approximately 8-1/4" x 7-1/4", dated December 27, 1843, from David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses a business matter involving a draft for three hundred dollars and mentions future account statements. The letter has a Charleston, S.C. postmark and a manuscript "25" rate.

A half-page letter written by David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on September 24, 1845. The letter discusses a $503.75 demand note drawn on the Union Bank (NYC), the sale of champagne and tea, and Levy's instructions to Tobias not to send more goods due to slow business. Levy also sends regards to Tobias's brother.

A one-page letter written by David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on September 4, 1840. Levy requests Tobias forward a letter to Bordeaux, France, and discusses the business of selling port wine, gin, and champagne. He also expresses condolences on the death of Tobias's daughter-in-law.

One-page letter written by David Gratz in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 1, 1853, to James Allport in Morris Township, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses Mr. Jones's debt, the economic climate, and the health situation in Philadelphia, specifically addressing rumors of yellow fever. The letter features a "PHILADELPHIA PA./5cts" cds postmark and a "BLOOD'S/DESPATCH" handstamp.

A one-page business letter written by David Hart to George W. Johnson & Co. on April 3, 1835. The letter, sent care of Judah Touro, details Hart's sales on behalf of Johnson. In 1845, Hart was listed among the 100 wealthiest citizens of New York City.

A one-page business letter written by David Hart to George W. Johnson & Co. in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 1, 1835. The letter was sent care of Judah Touro. In 1845, Hart was listed among the 100 wealthiest citizens of New York City.

A letter dated February 28, 1842, from David I. Cohen to Elie Beatty, cashier of the Hagerstown Bank in Hagerstown, Maryland. The letter discusses an exchange of bank notes, with Cohen acknowledging receipt of $100 in Williamsport and Westminster Bank bills in exchange for bills on the Hagerstown Bank. This is the only correspondence in the collection by David I. Cohen, who was the brother of Jacob I. Cohen Jr. and died at age 47.

A half-page business letter written on December 27, 1825, from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York. The letter expresses dissatisfaction with a previous order, noting a discrepancy in the color of goods received.

Three-page business letter from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, dated March 29, 1824. The letter details sales, prices, and mentions an inquiry from Mr. Gomez.

A one-page letter dated December 13, 1830, from David Judah and Zalma Rehine in Baltimore, Maryland to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Judah discusses closing his castor oil business and requests Leeser to inform Solomon Levy. Rehine's note mentions unfavorable business dealings with Mr. Jacobs and sends greetings to the Pixiotto family. The letter offers insight into Jewish commercial activities and challenges in the early 19th century. Additional notes discuss the context of this letter within a larger collection of correspondence between Leeser and Judah and Rehine, highlighting a significant gap in their communication and suggesting family connections. The description also includes information about Zalma Rehine's role in the Baltimore Jewish community and a reference to an advertisement from the Richmond Enquirer (July 5, 1822) featuring a Jewish-owned business.

This archival item is a letter written by David Judah to Edward Pollock on March 11, 1823, in Richmond, Virginia. The letter pertains to commerce and reflects the close business relationship between Judah and Pollock. The letter was sent without a stamp. David Judah was an auctioneer who dealt in slaves. An advertisement for a Jewish-owned business in Richmond, featuring David Judah, Edward Pollock, and Tobias L. Tobias, appeared in the Richmond Enquirer on July 5, 1822.

Letter written by David Judah to Isaac Leeser on April 12, 1849, concerning family matters. The letter was written from Baltimore, Maryland, and addressed to Leeser in either Philadelphia or New York. This letter is part of a larger collection of correspondence spanning several years, with a notable gap between 1831 and 1848.

Two-page letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Isaac Leeser in Baltimore, Maryland on January 17, 1826. Judah discusses business commissions, a trip down the James River to Norfolk, and travel plans to Philadelphia. The letter provides details of Judah's activities and social interactions, offering insights into daily life in the early 19th century.

Letter from David Judah to Isaac Leeser regarding book business, dated July 3, 1848, in Baltimore, Maryland. This letter is part of a larger correspondence spanning several years, with a notable gap between 1831 and 1848. The letter sheds light on the business dealings and relationship between the two men.

A one-page, stampless business letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City, dated April 22, 1824. The letter discusses sales, finances, and the ill health of both the writer and recipient.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York on January 20, 1825. The letter discusses the shipment of tobacco and mentions a fur transaction involving Judah's uncle, Zelma Rehine. The letter provides insights into the business dealings of David Judah, a prominent Richmond merchant and early mentor to Isaac Leeser. It also alludes to the involvement of Marx & Son and W. B. & Co. in business activities related to Judah and Tobias.

A one-page business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on October 27, 1825. The letter discusses the shipment of tea and stout and requests that Tobias & Co. cease business dealings with a certain Jones, deemed too difficult.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York on October 4, 1824. The letter discusses sales and funds. David Judah & Co., licensed as auctioneers on November 11, 1822, consisted of Judah, T. I. Tobias, and Edward Pollock. While information on David Judah is limited, sources indicate he was a leading member of the Richmond Synagogue and a merchant. He is also noted as an auctioneer who dealt in slaves. His last known letter in this collection dates to April 12, 1849.

A half-page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, dated April 27, 1826.

A two-and-a-quarter page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on September 3, 1823. The letter details sales, prices, and suggests the company has overcome financial difficulties. It mentions Mr. Abraham Sexias of New York City.

A letter written by David Judah to T. I. Tobias on March 30, 1823, concerning mercantile affairs between the two. The letter, sent from Richmond, mentions a significant fire in Petersburg, Virginia, the previous night that destroyed 50-60 houses. The cover lacks a stamp.

A three-quarter page letter written by David Judah of Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated December 7, 1826. The letter discusses business matters and a planned visit.

Two-page business letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated January 27, 1824. The letter discusses business sales and includes personal details about family, supper, and drink. The letter shows damage.

A one-page letter written by David Judah of D. J. & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias of T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City, dated May 4, 1826. The letter discusses the financial difficulties faced by the writer during the Panic of 1826.

Two-page business letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated October 1, 1824. The letter discusses business sales, personal matters, and includes a prayer request.

A one-and-a-half-page stampless business letter written by David Judah of D. J. & Co. in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias of T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on October 28, 1825. The letter details the successful sale of various merchandise.

A three-page business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, on June 4, 1826, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City. The letter discusses the poor business climate in Richmond, Judah's financial situation, and the prospects of a merchant named Isaac. It also includes personal reflections on his workload and social commentary on the economic situation.

This archival item consists of a single, stampless letter dated November 15, 1825, written by David Judah of Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias. The letter discusses blankets, woolens, and other mercantile items, suggesting a business relationship between the two individuals. Judah mentions his poor health, detailing symptoms of gout, headaches, and fever. Accompanying metadata references additional letters in the collection from David Judah to Reverend Isaac Leeser. Also included is information about a July 5, 1822, advertisement in the *Richmond Enquirer* for a Jewish-owned business including David Judah, Edward Pollack, and Tobias L. Tobias. David Judah is noted as an auctioneer who dealt in slaves, referencing Bertram Korn's *Jews and Negro Slavery 1789-1865*.

One-page letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, dated August 8, 1823. The letter discusses business matters and family news, with Judah expressing concern about not hearing from Tobias.

A two-page letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on December 16, 1823. The letter details business matters, including the state of the business climate, the availability of Irish whiskey, and difficulties fulfilling customer orders.

Business letter from Drey & Kahn, French and American Window Glass manufacturers in St. Louis, Missouri, to Robertson & Herndon, attorneys in Tyler, Texas, dated January 11, 1877. The letter discusses business matters between the two firms, both of which appear to have Jewish owners.

Letter from Drey & Kahn, French and American Window Glass dealers in St. Louis, Missouri, to Robertson & Herndon, attorneys in Tyler, Texas. Dated December 18, 1876. The letter discusses business matters. Both firms were Jewish.

A business letter from E. Ikelheimer & Co. in Selma, Alabama, to E. C. Bailey in Boston, Massachusetts, dated April 5, 1881. The letterhead displays the company's address as No. 8 Broad St., Selma, Alabama, and mentions the company's founding in 1844.

A stampless commercial letter written by E. J. Etting & Brothers of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 16, 1845, to an individual or business in Bridgewater, Massachusetts. The letter pertains to monies owed. E. J. Etting & Brothers were involved in iron rolling and nail manufacturing, and Mrs. E. J. Etting was listed among the initial subscribers to *The Occident* in 1843.

A letter written by Edward Johnson Etting to D. C. Collins on November 21, 1835, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses iron and axes and mentions Etting's family history, including his father, Reuben Etting (a Revolutionary War veteran), and his sons, Reuben (1842-1911) and Charles (1844-1910).

A one-page, stampless letter written by E. Ostrander on February 8, 1848, from Troy, New York. Addressed to Mr. Samuel Campbell Esq., 11 Wall Street, New York. The letter discusses a financial matter, mentioning a previous judgment and the need to recover funds. The letter bears a circular date stamp indicating "TROY N.Y. 9 FEB 5 cts."

Letter - SCHNEIDER, E.R. TO URBANA WINE COMPANY; 601 & 802 BROAD STREET, Augusta, Georgia. The letterhead reads: “E.R. Schneider, Importer and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Liquors, Fine Wines, Havana Cigars, Mineral Waters, etc.” Ernst R. Schneider was Jewish, originating from a wave of German-Jewish immigrants who settled in the American South during the mid-to-late 19th century. Following the Civil War, Augusta’s Broad Street became a bustling hub heavily populated by Jewish-owned retail, wholesale, and dry goods merchant operations.Documented Jewish Activities in AugustaThe Schneider family was highly influential and deeply woven into the religious, civic, and cultural framework of Augusta's Jewish community:Synagogue Foundations: The family line was closely associated with Augusta's historic congregations. This included the landmark Congregation of B'nai Israel Synagogue (established as a Reform synagogue, dedicated in 1869, making it the oldest standing synagogue building in Georgia) and later the Orthodox congregation Adas Yeshurun.Commercial Support Network: Like many Southern Jewish merchants of the era, E.R. Schneider functioned within a tight-knit community commerce loop. They provided credit, employment, and mutual aid to newer Jewish immigrants arriving through coastal ports like Savannah.Cultural Legacy: Later generations of the Augusta Schneider lineage went on to establish foundational community landmarks, such as Schneider's Music Center, and produced the city's very first Jewish symphony orchestra musician.

A business letter written by E. Ritzera to M. & S. Sternberger on October 12, 1886. The letter, written on M. & S. Sternberger's letterhead, mentions a judgement and a telephone number (317 Spring). The letterhead indicates the company's location at the corner of Spring and Mercer Streets, New York, New York, within the Empire Commercial Sales Building.

A business letter dated November 27, 1884, from E. W. Terry to M. Levy & Sons, commission merchants and cotton factors in New Orleans, Louisiana. The letter discusses cotton prices and is written on Levy & Sons' letterhead. A second image shows the reverse of the letter.

A one-page letter, approximately 7-1/2" x 9-3/4", dated October 8, 1848, from E. Waitzfelder & Co. in Milledgeville, Georgia to Jacob Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter details a complaint about a shortage of goods in a recent shipment and requests a credit adjustment.

This letter, dated September 20, 1875, was written by Ebenezer C. Bailey to Mayer Brothers in Demopolis, Alabama. The letter discusses the transmittal of a bill. Mayer Brothers were early Jewish merchants in Demopolis.

A business letter from Ed. Ikelheimer & Co. in Selma, Alabama, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia, dated March 31, 1887. The letterhead features a large eagle logo with "founded 1844". The letter also mentions Nathan Kahn.

Letter from Ed. Ikelheimer & Co. in Selma, Alabama, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia, dated March 31, 1887. The letterhead features a large eagle logo with the text "founded 1844". The letter also mentions Nathan Kahn.

A commercial letter dated November 22, 1886, from Ed. Ikelheimer & Co. in Selma, Alabama, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letterhead features a large eagle logo with the inscription "founded 1844".

A three-page letter dated January 28, 1846, from Edmund Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his cousin Henry Tobias, also in Liverpool. The letter details Henry's significant overdraft problems, discusses potential solutions, and suggests alternative banking arrangements. The letter is stamped.

Stampless letter from Edward Johnson Etting in Philadelphia to Reuben B. Valentine in Baltimore, dated April 2, 1829. The letter discusses the iron market, specifically rod and bar iron prices, and the challenges of selling iron. It also includes personal and family greetings. The cover is postmarked "PHIL 2 APR" and addressed to "Mr. Reuben B. Valentine Now at Baltimore."

A half-page letter from Edward Pollock of New York City to Tobias I. Tobias, circa 1820, detailing a business dispute. The letter suggests a prior business disagreement between the two men.

A one-page stampless letter dated January 10, 1844, from Elias P. Levy, writing on behalf of his partner Henry Cohen, to Henry Jessop in New York City. The letter concerns a bill for pens and expresses dissatisfaction with Jessop charging interest. The letter includes a red Philadelphia postmark and a handwritten '12-1/2' postage rate. The letter provides insight into the business practices of Henry Cohen & Co., a Philadelphia stationery firm.

A typed letter dated January 31, 1884, from Elsas, May & Co. in Atlanta, Georgia, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter addresses accusations of unfair pricing practices, and includes a list of the company's offices, including one in New York City at 43 Elm Street. The letterhead features a lithograph of the Southern Bag Manufactory.

A business letter, spanning one and one-quarter pages, written by F. H. Woolf in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Henry Tobias in New York City, New York on June 23, 1838. The letter details business transactions between the two correspondents.

A business letter dated November 13, 1883, from F. Silberman & Bros. in Chicago, Illinois to the Farr Alpaca Company. The letter is written on F. Silberman & Bros. letterhead and discusses business matters, likely related to the textile or animal industry given the recipient.

This letter, dated November 6, 1883, is from David B. Falk and I. M. Falk of Falk, Hirsch & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina, to I. W. Hirsch. It details the amicable dissolution of the firm Falk, Hirsch & Co. The letter is on illustrated letterhead and is signed by both Falks. The letterhead indicates the business was located at 291 King St., Charleston, S.C., and closed on Saturdays.

A letter dated December 11, 1892, sent to an address at 1151-1161 North 3rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter was sent by Fels & Co., manufacturers of toilet soap.

Letter dated May 24, 1890, from Ferdinand Levy, Deputy Collector at the New York City Custom House, to George Randorf in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter concerns baggage belonging to Benjamin Chercosky, detained in the Empire Warehouse Company's General Orders Stores after his arrival from Brazil on April 15th aboard the S.S. Advance. The letter is written on official letterhead.

A letter dated April 20, 1854, from Francis Frank Mandelbaum and P. H. Bruckman, partners in a Sacramento cigar shop, to Adolph Sutro, a tobacco trader in San Francisco (and future mayor). The letter expresses dissatisfaction with Sutro's delayed correspondence and includes a detailed order for various tobacco products, matches, and pipes.

A commercial letter written on the letterhead of Fred J. Kiesel & Co., wholesale dealers in groceries, liquor, tobacco, and cigars, in Ogden, Utah, dated December 29, 1888. The letter was addressed to Mary E. Carter.

A one-page stampless letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on May 23, 1838, to his cousin Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters.

A letter from Frederick Cohen, dated March 1, 1888, apologizing for the delay in installing a burglar alarm system. The letterhead features an illustration and the business information: "ELECTRICITY IN ALL ITS BRANCHES...ELECTRICAL & GAS LIGHTING.....CALL BELLS & BUGLAR ALARMS", 814 N. 21ST STREET, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Typed business letter from Friedman & Loveman, a dry goods store in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, to Rufus D. King in Lost Creek, Alabama, dated December 10, 1885. The letter is faint.

Handwritten business letter from Furchgott, Benedict & Co., dealers in dry goods, carpets, and furnishings, located in Jacksonville, Florida, to Hicks & Berg. Dated February 1, 1876. The letterhead also lists the company's locations in Charleston, South Carolina, Atlanta, Georgia, and New York City. The letter concerns the sale of goods. Furchgott's was Jacksonville's fifth oldest business establishment.

Handwritten letter from G. De Cordova, manufacturer of Annattoine (dry extract of annatto), to I. P. Howell & Co. Discusses West Indies bark. Dated May 6, 1871. Sent from New York City to Newark, New Jersey.

Commercial letter on a billhead from G.B. Lichtenberg, a tobacco merchant, to J.W. Loomis. The letter, dated August 5, 1872, features a lithograph of Lichtenberg's factory/office building (dated 1865) located at 189 Pearl Street, New York City. The letter also lists additional addresses: 64, 66 & 68 Congress Street, Detroit, Michigan.

Letter from Geo. A. Lowe, General Agent for Utah, Nevada, Idaho, and Montana for P. Schuttler's Chicago Wagons, to Henry Elling in Virginia City, Nevada. Dated June 2, 1877. The letter is written on fancy letterhead and discusses wagon works, horse & mule shoes, blacksmith supplies, and farm machinery provided by the company.

Two-page letter written by George Peabody of London, England to Samuel Etting in Baltimore, Maryland on January 15, 1858. This letter is part of the Etting/Carvalho Archive in the Beit Yisrael Sefardi collection.

A two-page, stampless letter written by George Tobias in Liverpool, England, on November 7, 1837, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter primarily discusses business matters, mentioning potential market improvements, speculation impacting inventory, and an anticipated price drop after Christmas.

A business letter dated May 22, 1884, written on the letterhead of Greenebaum & Straus, stockbrokers located at 232 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California. Addressed to L. B. Frankel in Gold Hill, Nevada, the letter pertains to a stock purchase. The letter suggests that Frankel was involved in a legal matter in 1870/71 related to an official bond.

A letter dated February 25, 1876, from Greenfield & Strauss, wholesale confectioners in New York City, to the Kenton Savings Bank in Kenton, Ohio. The letter contains instructions to the bank. The letter measures approximately 5 1/4" x 8 1/4".

A commercial letter dated July 18, 1879, from Guggenheimer & Co., wholesale grocers located at 22 Commerce Street, Baltimore, Maryland, to T. R. Hall in Poolesville, Maryland. The letter, which is partially printed, concerns the topic of tobacco.

A business letter from H. Bernstein & Co. in Mobile, Alabama, to an unknown recipient in West Auburn, Maine, dated July 16, 1878. The letter concerns a rush order for footwear. The letterhead displays the company's address as 10 & 12 North Water Street, Mobile, Alabama.

A one-page stampless letter, measuring approximately 7-5/8" x 9-1/2", dated July 12, 1825, from H. Burts, Cashier of the Hartford Bank, to Harmon Hendricks in New York City. The letter discusses the enclosure of 100 shares of United States Bank stock as payment on a note and includes a list of U.S. Bank stock holders held at the Hartford Bank, notably including Aaron L. Gomez and Seixas Nathan. The letter also mentions Henry L. Ellsworth.

A one-half page commercial letter, written in English, from H. Fuhrman & Co. in Delphi, Indiana to Jacobs Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 18, 1848. The letter discusses business matters, including a draft for $1000 to James Speas at Tweedy & Coulter in New York. It is part of a series of correspondence between Jewish merchants and Jacobs & Mayer (located at 215 1/2 Market Street, Philadelphia).

Two-page letter written by H. Guedalla in London, England to Samuel Etting in Baltimore, Maryland on January 29, 1858. The letter is part of the Etting/Carvalho Archive at Beit Yisrael Sefardi.

A business letter written by H. H. DeLeon, a broker in Charleston, South Carolina, to Annie Lena Wannamaker on April 26, 1880. The letter appears to be a receipt or communication related to financial transactions. The letterhead indicates that H. H. DeLeon conducted business in bonds, stocks, coupons, and real estate. A note on the letter indicates the business was closed on Saturdays.

A business letter written on June 15, 1881, by H. Hall of Feigenbaum & Co. in Highland Mills, New York, to A. Blumenthal in New York City. The letter references samples to be sent and features a prominent company logo.

A letter from H. Levinson of the firm Harmam & Levinson in Brenham, Washington County, Texas, to Isaac Leeser, dated December 28, 1849. The letter, which is unstamped, concerns an order for "occidents."

A business letter written on May 26, 1890, by H. M. Selig, a stationer and printer in Savannah, Georgia, to A. W. Grooms in Jacksonville, Florida. Selig offers Grooms employment at a salary of $18.00 per week. The letter is contained within an envelope featuring advertising for Selig's business.

A commercial letter written by H. Marx in New York City to Jacob & Meyer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 12, 1849. The letter mentions Jacob L. Seixas in New York City.

A commercial letter written by H. Vogelman, a manufacturer and dealer in boots, shoes, hats, caps, leather, and findings, located at 20 Mill Street, Grass Valley, California. Dated February 10, 1895, the letter promises to send money and complains of dull business conditions. The letterhead is described as "very crude."

A letter dated June 15, 1900, from H. W. Kleinmann to H. L. Menefee concerning the Baltimore Bargain House, located at 212, 214, 216, 218, and 220 West Baltimore Street. The letter mentions the store's large storefront and its establishment in 1880. The letter was written from Sperryville, Virginia, and sent to Baltimore, Maryland.

Letter and envelope detailing commodity prices, written on Haas Brothers' letterhead. Dated April 19, 1882. The letter, written on both sides of the letterhead, is addressed to S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon. The accompanying envelope is an advertising cover mailed from San Francisco to Oregon via the steamship *State of California*. The letter provides insight into the operations of Haas Brothers, a prominent San Francisco grocery firm, and business conditions of the time. Additional biographical information on William Haas, a key figure in the Haas Brothers firm, is included.

Stampless folded letter mailed from Demopolis, Alabama to B. Cohen in Mobile, Alabama on October 25, 1849. The letter, written in German with some English phrases, discusses business matters, including a bill of lading and commission, and mentions Goldsmith, Forcheimer & Co., Mobile wholesale grocers. Mendelein Manuel Forcheimer (1826-1912), born in Bavaria, was likely associated with the firm. This letter is an example of early Judaica correspondence from Demopolis, Alabama, a city with a growing Jewish community that played a significant role in local commerce by the 1850s. The letter is marked with a red DEMOPOLIS/Ala. postmark and a red "5" in a circle rate handstamp. The letter's content suggests commercial activity typical of the period.

A letter written by Harmon Hendricks to H. A. Perkins in New York, New York on April 7, 1830. The letter concerns a debt and mentions Hendricks's involvement in the copper import business. The letter is stampless and originates from Hartford.

A one-page letter, approximately 6-1/2" x 8", dated December 25, 1770, in Newport, Rhode Island. Written by Moses Michael Hays and Myer Polock, it notifies the Captain of the ship *The Rising Sun* of the execution of a bill of sale for the ship to Mr. Livingston, involving Michael Gratz and Mr. Hart. The letter instructs the captain to follow Mr. Gratz's instructions. This letter is part of Myer Polock's scheme to defraud creditors and Hays.

Commercial letter written on the letterhead of the Helena and Frisco Mining Company in Gem, Idaho, on November 23, 1891. The letter mentions A. J. Seligman as Secretary-Treasurer and Director. The letter's content pertains to business matters.

A business letter from Henry Bischoff & Co., located at 199 East Bay, Charleston, South Carolina, dated March 7, 1881. The letter details an agreement to loan R. Grieters a horse, baking cart, and harness for his business. The letter is approximately 8 1/2 by 11 inches and features an illustrated letterhead featuring Carolina Rice.

A letter written by Henry C. Weisenburger to his wife from Santa Cruz County, California, on March 14, 1899. The letter includes Weisenburger's business logo.

A letter dated February 5, 1884, from Henry Cohn & Co. in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, to Thos. Yeates in Scipio, Utah. The letterhead features illustrations of a train, sheep, and a cow, and advertises the company's business in hides, wool, and pelts. The letter mentions a warehouse at 1st East and an uptown office at Main Street, with F. Auerbach Bros. also mentioned.

Letter written by Henry F. Close to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on November 13, 1845, concerning business and family matters. The letter was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York.

A business letter from the banking house of Henry Greenebaum & Co., located at the southwest corner of Lake and La Salle Streets in Chicago, Illinois, dated April 6, 1875. The letter provides insight into the operations of a prominent Chicago banking firm during the 19th century.

A one-page letter, approximately 7-3/4" x 9-5/8", dated April 11, 1832, from Henry Hays in Philadelphia to Seth Low & Co. in New York City. The letter, signed by Alexander Lipman on behalf of Hays, concerns the sale of rhubarb and inquires about other goods Seth Low & Co. might wish to sell.

A two-and-a-half-page letter dated January 27-28, 1834, from Henry Hays in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Seth Low & Co. in New York City. Hays details his financial troubles, promising to repay debts and outlining a plan for settling his accounts with creditors. The letter reflects the business practices and financial anxieties of the time.

A one-page letter written by Henry Labatt in New Orleans, Louisiana to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on August 1, 1848. The letter details Labatt's book business, including a book request from Juda Touro and his 10% commission.

Commercial letter from Henry Levy & Son, importers of fancy goods located at 122 & 124 Duane Street, New York, New York, to A. W. Eckel in Charleston, South Carolina, dated February 1, 1878. The letter contains commercial content.

A stampless folded letter written on March 15, 1836, from Henry Moore in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to Daniel Aqueco in Beaver, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses the appointment of engineers for canal routes to Erie, mentioning individuals like Mr. Sullivan and Mr. Livermore. Moore also describes his meetings with Mr. Moss, a Philadelphia banker, and comments on the view from the Pennsylvania state capitol and upcoming political events.

A business letter dated October 22, 1879, from Henry Schmulbach & Co. in Wheeling, West Virginia, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter concerns a shipment of wine received. The letter features an elaborate lithograph on the letterhead.

A business letter dated January 26, 1885, from Henry Solomon & Son, a Savannah, Georgia mercantile firm, to the New Urbana Wine Co. The letter, written on Henry Solomon & Son's stationery (173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia), concerns the receipt of monies.

A business letter from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, dated April 18, 1884. The letter pertains to business dealings between the two companies.

A business letter dated April 26, 1884, from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Co. in Hammondsport, New York. The letter discusses business matters between the two companies.

A business letter dated December 14, 1883, from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter features a logo for the Union Steam Mills Co. The letter is part of the 'E' Collection at the University of Pennsylvania.

A business letter dated March 25, 1884, from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter features the logo of the Union Steam Mills Co. The letterhead includes the address of Henry Solomon & Son.

A letter dated January 1, 1762, from Henry Solomon in London, England, to his cousin Michael Gratz in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Solomon reports on the status of lottery tickets purchased for himself and Gratz, providing details about their participation in the English lottery. A copy of a lottery ticket is included to explain the lottery's workings. This letter offers insights into transatlantic business communication among Jewish merchants.

A two-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, on March 31, 1837, to Thomas Peck. Sent via the packet ship "George Washington," the letter discusses the failures of houses in America within the context of the Panic of 1837.

A business letter written by Henry Tobias of M. L. Tobias & Co. in Liverpool, England, dated April 15, 1843. The letter was sent to an unspecified recipient in New York City. The content of the letter pertains to business matters. The letter is stampless.

A two-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Barnsley, England, on November 21, 1839, to his brother Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter details a business plan to address financial difficulties, discusses a failed business venture ('Pasell's'), and expresses concern about a relative ('Cousin Fred').

Two-page letter from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated April 27 and May 1, 1838. The letter discusses the appointment of Henry and Charles as agents for their cousins George and Fred Tobias, Henry's hope to receive money from Uncle Asher, a suggestion of a loan from Uriah Hendricks, and the takeover of the family firm by the sons. The letter mentions American papers.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City on May 8, 1838. The letter discusses business matters, mentioning working late and missing breakfast.

A 2 1/2 page letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England, on December 3, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses general business matters, including cloth and buttons, and the health and affairs of Asher Tobias, who is planning a trip to America. Henry seeks assistance from Uriah Hendrick regarding Asher's financial matters.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, New York, on December 3, 1841. The letter discusses the writer's return home and mentions new styles of buttons and braids.

A two-page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England on January 3, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York, New York. The letter details business transactions involving goods such as buttons, velvet, and silk, including discussions of discounts and sales.

A three-page, stampless letter from Henry Tobias in Manchester, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated November 28, 1841. The letter discusses general business matters, including watches, gold dials, braid, silk, and moleskins.

Four-page letter from Henry Tobias in Paris to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated December 26 and 31, 1841. The letter details Henry's business trip, including invoices and a request for funds due to unexpected expenses.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Ventnor, Isle of Wight, England, on December 9, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses a meeting with Fanny and Uriah Hendricks, comments on Fanny's weight, and details business matters including buttons, twist, credit, and house repairs needed before renting a property on Amity Street. Henry instructs his mother to wait for his return before leaving her home.

A copy of a one-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Low & Berry in Paris, France on March 20, 1837. The letter is part of a letter book.

One-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England on April 10, 1838 to Low & Berry in Paris, France. The letter is a copy from a letterbook.

A business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to M. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on December 4, 1843. The letter pertains to business matters, reflecting the commercial activities of the Tobias family, known for their involvement in the clock and watch industry.

A two-page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Manchester, England on January 11, 1836, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the arrival of Mr. Peck's shipment in England and Henry's upcoming travel to London and Paris.

A two and a half-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his parents, T. I. and Mrs. Tobias, in New York, New York, on December 23, 1836. The letter discusses questionable business associates and includes a moral reflection on parental duty. The letter is stampless.

A two-page letter from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his father, T. I. Tobias, in New York, New York, dated November 29, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, including commissions, credit limitations, and the upcoming publication of a new edition of Yontif Books. A short note, dated November 30, 1836, is added on a third page, mentioning poor business conditions in London.

A two-and-a-half-page business letter, dated April 15, 1837, from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Thomas Peck. The letter discusses the difficult economic times of the Panic of 1837.

A two-page business letter, dated April 23, 1837, written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Thomas Peck. The letter's content reflects the economic climate of the Panic of 1837.

A two-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Thomas Peck on March 31, 1837. The letter is a copy from a letter book.

A one-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to W. W. Battye in Huddersfield, England, on March 31, 1837. This is a letterbook copy.

A letter dated June 10, 1887, from Henry Wolf to Isadore Cohen concerning a $20 bank note endorsed by Cohen. The letter contains commercial content and was written from 120 Sutter St., Rooms 5 & 6, San Francisco. The letter also mentions watch-making materials.

A letter dated September 10, 1889, from Henry Wolff, a dealer in watch materials, jewelers' findings, and music boxes at 120 Sutter Street, San Francisco, California, to the Bullion and Exchange Bank in Carson City, Nevada. The letter's content is not specified, but a San Francisco newspaper clipping referencing the engagement of Miss Kittle Kohen and Mr. Henry Wolff is mentioned.

Two-page letter dated July 9, 1846, from Herman Cohen in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Hellman & Cohen at 51 Dauphin Street, Mobile, Alabama. The letter discusses business matters, including outstanding debts and cash sales, with some details written in code. The letter also contains a personal postscript discussing Cohen's bathing habits. The letter includes references to several other Jewish merchants.

A letter written by Herman Katz of 118 Prince Street, New York, New York, to J. B. Mercer in Reading, Pennsylvania, on April 5, 1893. The letter concerns the offer of buttons.

A letter from Hoffmann & Fersch, manufacturers of show cases, located at 148 Chatham Street, New York City, to E. H. Leary. The letter, dated September 26, 1876, is printed on letterhead that also advertises their patent Magic Show-Case Door Spring (1870). The letter measures 8 x 10 inches when fully open.

A business letter dated February 1, 1889, from Holritz & Anderson, general merchandise merchants in Sims, Dakota Territory (present-day North Dakota), to Weinstein/Lehman, likely in Helena, Montana Territory. The letter inquires about a merchant in Helena who deals in eggs and butter, suggesting an existing trade relationship and the recent opening of a store in Helena by Holritz & Anderson.

Letter - 7/17/1874.....; SINGLE PAGE ON HIS Letter HEAD: " PHILIP SCHOENEMAN WHOLESALE CLOTHIER, 225 NORTH; THIRD STREET"; ;Philadelphia, Pennsylvania...note Charles is his brother. Charles's wife is buried in Mt Sinai Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

One and one-quarter page letter written by Horace Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 26, 1851. Baldwin discusses the delay of a ship sailing to New Orleans on the 26th and his search for alternative transportation. He mentions his physicians' advice against a more arduous mail route and proposes a meeting in Charleston. Notes mention that Horace E. Baldwin & Co. was a firm, and that prior to moving to New Orleans in 1842, Mr. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey. Further notes indicate that Mr. Baldwin remained in New Orleans until 1853 and acquired much of his silver from New Jersey and New York producers.

One-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 9, 1851. Baldwin details the severe financial troubles faced by Baldwin & Co. The letter provides insight into the business dealings and economic conditions of the mid-19th century.

A one-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in Charleston, South Carolina, to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana, on March 11, 1851. Baldwin discusses a visit to New Orleans with his sister Mary, his travels to New York City after visiting Cuba, and requests that Tobias hold a $1,000 note for two months. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and appears to have remained there until 1853.

A one-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on April 12, 1851. Baldwin describes his ongoing illness (headaches and a severe cold), and discusses financial matters related to notes with Tiffany.

Three and a half page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on April 18, 1851. Baldwin details his continued illness, his absence from the office, and presses for a third-party capital infusion. The letter also discusses accounts. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, NJ, before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and remained there until at least 1853.

A half-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on April 29, 1851. Baldwin describes his ongoing illness (headaches and a severe cold), his absence from the office, and discusses bills of lading. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, NJ, before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and he remained there until at least 1853.

Two-page letter from Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, dated April 5, 1851. Baldwin discusses his illness, a capital investment in their business, and Masonic affairs. The letter indicates Charles Tobias had a financial stake in the New Orleans firm H.E. Baldwin & Co.

One and one-half page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on February 5, 1851. The letter discusses contract negotiations and Baldwin's upcoming visit to New Orleans with his sister Mary, requesting assistance with arrangements. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and appears to have remained there until 1853.

Two-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 15, 1851. The letter discusses the poor financial state of Baldwin & Co., details regarding store space, and items to be shipped. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey before moving to New Orleans in 1842. He appears to have remained in New Orleans until 1853, purchasing much of his silver from New Jersey and New York producers.

Two-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 22, 1851. The letter details Baldwin & Co.'s continued poor financial state, Baldwin's commitment to fulfilling his obligations, and mentions the fire at the Hotel St. Charles. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin, and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before relocating to New Orleans in 1842 and remaining there until at least 1853.

A one and one-half page stampless letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 22, 1851. The letter discusses the poor financial state of Baldwin & Co. and an agreement to communicate via telegraph every Saturday. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey before relocating to New Orleans in 1842, and apparently remained there until 1853.

A three-quarter page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 29, 1851. The letter briefly mentions a bill of lading. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before moving to New Orleans in 1842, where he remained until at least 1853, purchasing silver from New Jersey and New York producers.

One-half page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 30, 1851. The letter briefly discusses contract negotiations. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before moving to New Orleans in 1842. He appears to have remained in New Orleans until 1853, acquiring much of his silver from producers in New Jersey and New York.

One and one-quarter page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on March 20, 1851. The letter discusses Baldwin's financial difficulties and impending creditors.

One-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on March 31, 1851. The letter primarily concerns business accounts and includes a note about "balls for pistols."

Autograph letter signed by Horace E. Baldwin, written in New York City on May 10, 1851, to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana. Baldwin discusses his health, business prospects, and travel plans. The letter provides insights into business conditions and personal matters in mid-19th century America.

A one and one-half page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 17, 1851. Baldwin discusses his health, travel plans, and merchandise. He mentions his previous partnership with Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey, before relocating to New Orleans in 1842.

A half-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 21, 1851. Baldwin discusses his upcoming departure for New Orleans on May 26 and mentions a note that is due. He was a partner in the firm Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey before moving to New Orleans in 1842, and remained there until at least 1853.

A one and one-quarter page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 24, 1851. Baldwin discusses the delay of a ship sailing to New Orleans and his meeting with H. Hendricks regarding a delay in payments.

A one-and-a-quarter page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 24, 1851. Baldwin discusses the delay of a ship sailing to New Orleans and his meeting with H. Hendricks regarding a delay on notes.

A two-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 6, 1851. Baldwin discusses his health, his move from a medical practice in Newark to one in New York City, and the need to reach a new agreement with Tobias. He suggests Tobias visit New Orleans.

One-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in Newark, New Jersey to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on June 28, 1852. Baldwin discusses his unexpected early return from Europe due to his inability to focus on anything but business. The letter also notes that Baldwin died within five months of writing this letter.

This letter, dated June 15, 1844, was written by Hyman Gratz from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to William Reynolds in Meadville, Pennsylvania. The content pertains to business matters related to Gratz's role as president of the Pennsylvania Life Insurance Company. The letter is part of the Gratz Family Papers collection.

A commercial letter dated June 23, 1887, from I. E. Levy of Samuel Levy, Jobbers in Watches, located at 401 Broadway, New York, New York, to A. E. Patton. The letter concerns the collection of $8.00 from Joseph Borst. Levy notes that business is going well and that he no longer has partners.

A one-page letter dated April 20, 1880, from I. Frankenthal, assignee, to Ebenezer C. Bailey in Charlotte, North Carolina. Frankenthal informs Bailey, a creditor of Lehman Asiel, about the assignment of Asiel's goods and effects for settlement with creditors. Frankenthal seeks Bailey's advice on the sale of Asiel's goods.

A business letter from I. Hamburger & Co. in New York, New York, to H. Finn in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated June 14, 1878. The letter discusses various outstanding accounts and money owed. The letterhead shows the address 151 Water Street, New York.

A letter written on billhead stationery of I. Marks, a dealer in Kentucky whiskies, located at 16 North Main Street, Helena, Montana. The letter is dated January 26, 1892, and mentions Great Falls, Montana.

A letter written by I. S. Cohen in Charleston, South Carolina, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, on May 12, 1848. The letter discusses Cohen's business dealings, noting that business is bad and that he is now also selling wine. Cohen mentions his position as a director of the South Western Railroad Bank.

A letter written by Isaac A. Isaacs to I. M. Singer & Co. on January 14, 1862, in Cleveland, Ohio. The letter concerns a dispute and includes a lithograph of the store.

A letter written by Isaac A. Isaacs to I. M. Singer & Co. on March 6, 1862, in Cleveland, Ohio. Isaacs orders two sewing machines and encloses a draft for $100, noting he will settle the final price upon arrival in New York. The letter features a lithograph of the Union Hall store.

This record contains a letter dated March 6, 1862, from Isaac A. Isaacs in Cleveland, Ohio, to the Singer Sewing Machine Company. The letter is a full page and includes an order for three sewing machines, along with a draft for $100. Isaacs notes that he will settle the final price upon arrival in New York. A large lithograph of a storefront, possibly Union Hall, is depicted on the second image in this record. The back of the letter is NOT ENOUGH INFO.

Handwritten business letter dated August 12, 1863, from Isaac A. Isaacs of Union Hall, Cleveland, Ohio, to the Singer Manufacturing Co. The letter is written on illustrated letterhead depicting Union Hall. The letter measures 8 1/2" x 11".

A letter written by Isaac A. Isaacs from Union Hall, Cleveland, Ohio, on May 16, 1864, addressed to the Singer Manufacturing Company. The letter's content is partially legible, referencing 'great liho' among other unclear words.

A one-page letter written by Isaac Cohen, an oil producer, to Judge J.P. Elkins on June 8, 1908, from Chelsea, Oklahoma. Cohen discusses his inability to work with a Mr. Curtis Elkins of Indiana, Pennsylvania, suggesting a business partnership. The letter is written on Isaac Cohen Oil Producer letterhead.

A one-page letter written by Isaac Cohn, an oil producer, to Judge J.P. Elkins on March 10, 1910. The letter discusses the necessity of taking over a lease. Cohn's letterhead identifies him as an oil producer and mentions a partnership with Mr. Curtis Elkins of Indiana, Pennsylvania.

A business letter dated December 24, 1873, from Isaac Greenbaum & Sons in Baltimore, Maryland, to the law firm of Higgins, Barn & Bell. The letter discusses Greenbaum's refusal to settle with H. Kohn of Janesville, Ohio, at 25% of the claimed amount. The letter features an ornate letterhead.

A one-and-a-half-page stampless letter written in German from Isaac Mayer to Lazarus Mayer, care of Jacobs & Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated March 22, 1848, the letter discusses business matters, specifically mentioning spools and steel. Related correspondence includes items 20.512, 20.518, and others detailing communications among Jewish merchants and Jacobs & Mayer. A later notation on the letter suggests a date of March 29, 1849.

A one-page letter, approximately 7-7/8" x 9-3/4", written in German and English, from Isaac Wolf in Fort Wayne, Indiana to Jacobs, Mayers & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 29, 1847. The letter discusses business matters, mentions other Jewish individuals, and includes a Fort Wayne, Indiana cds postmark. A small area of paper loss is present on the address panel.

One-page letter written by Israel Cohen, a Baltimore stockbroker, to D. Claude in Annapolis, Maryland, on October 19, 1857. The letter discusses Maryland stocks and a financial transaction. Cohen's stationery identifies him as a "Stock, Bill and Note Broker."

A stampless letter dated August 17, 1850, from J. B. Butler & Son in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York. The letter concerns a request for details on copper roofing, specifying a quantity of 420 square feet. The letter includes an orange circular date stamp and a truncated "5".

A two-page letter, with a portion cut out, from J. C. Levy in Charleston, South Carolina, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, dated around March 29, 1840. The letter contains personal and business matters and shows an early Charleston postal mark. J. C. Levy may be Jacob Clarisse Levy (1788-1875).

A letter written on the letterhead of Wolff & Goldman, general merchants in Newport, Arkansas, dated December 16, 1883. J. C. Minor, a traveling salesman, writes to his friends Gray Carroll in Little Rock, Arkansas, explaining his inability to visit due to lack of funds. The letter includes commentary on the social scene in Newport.

A letter written by J. H. & S. Riker of New York, New York, dated December 9, 1880, concerning the pursuit of money owed to Solomon Rich. The letter discusses the pursuit of a debt owed by an unidentified party to Solomon Rich.

A three-and-a-half-page letter written by J. Hamilton Criper near Darien, Georgia, to Francis P. Cubin on October 4, 1855. The letter discusses the sale of slaves and mentions Jacob Cohen, a prominent slave dealer in Charleston, South Carolina, who appraised the slaves. The letter highlights Cohen's significant role in the slave trade.

A one-page letter written by J. J. Cohen in Rome, Georgia on December 16, 1861, discussing difficulties in purchasing tobacco at favorable prices, the lack of assistance from agents, concerns about potential losses from the Great Charleston Fire of December 11, 1861, reflections on the ephemeral nature of wealth, and the writer's anticipation of a visit from the recipient. The letter shows water damage but remains readable.

Letter written by J. J. Klein to Moses Goldsmith & Son on December 30, 1874, concerning business matters related to the Charleston and Savannah Railroad. The letter, written on letterhead, originated in Waterboro, South Carolina and was addressed to Charleston, South Carolina. An envelope is also included in this archival record.

Business letter dated October 10, 1871, from J. Lowman & Brother, located at the northeast corner of Pearl and Race Streets in Cincinnati, Ohio, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. in New York, New York. The letter pertains to business dealings between the two companies.

A letter from the J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to their attorney, Jno. S. Ferguson, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, dated February 22, 1879. The letter concerns a legal dispute regarding a billiard table purchase, mentioning Moses Bensinger as a principal. This letter is part of a larger archive documenting a legally contested purchase of a billiard table from the Brunswick & Balke Company between 1875 and 1879. The archive also includes other forms and letters detailing the financial dispute.

A letter from the J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to their attorney, Jonathan S. Ferguson, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, dated February 6, 1879. The letter concerns a legal dispute regarding a billiard table purchase and lists Moses Bensinger as a principal. This letter is part of a larger archive documenting a legal contest over a billiard table purchase from 1875-1879. The archive contains letters, shipping documents, and promissory notes.

A letter written by J. M. Newson to John Grace, Esq., on August 28, 1844, concerning business dealings with Carey & Hart. The letter was written from Muncy, Pennsylvania, and addressed to Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

A business letter written by J. M. Phillips to T. I. Tobias in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 15, 1821. The letter is part of the E collection at the University of Pennsylvania.

A one-page business letter from J. M. Silberberg to the Honorable Thomas Bur in Bucyrus, Ohio, dated July 29, 1882. The letter expresses gratitude for favors received and mentions leasing a store. The letter is written on the letterhead of G. Silberberg, Valparaiso, Indiana. An accompanying undated envelope is also included, addressed to Thomas Bur in Bucyrus, Ohio, from G. Silberberg.

A letter written by J. Moss in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York on July 27, 1841. The content of the letter pertains to commercial matters.

A letter written on J. P. Lossl General Merchandise & Dry Goods letterhead in Pioneer, Montana, on May 19, 1895, addressed to A. M. Holter in Helena, Montana. The letter's content is not fully described. The letterhead mentions that Lossl moved his store to Wisdom, Montana after Pioneer declined.

Letter from J. Pollock & Co., wholesale dry goods merchants, located at Nos. 6 & 8 South Water Street in Mobile, Alabama, dated May 14, 1883. The letterhead features a vignette of an office building with horse-drawn wagons. J. Pollock was president of Sha'arai Shomayim Synagogue.

Handwritten letter from J. Silberman in Apollo, Pennsylvania to L. Meyers & Co., likely in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated December 6, 1852, the letter encloses a payment of $271.80 for goods received and instructs that the goods be sent to A. Fink in Pittsburgh for forwarding to Silberman. This suggests Silberman may have operated a store or peddled goods in Apollo.

A letter dated December 17, 1884, from J.C. Young to Eckman & Vetsburg, a wholesale dry goods and notions company located at 151 & 153 Congress Street in Savannah, Georgia. Young's letter expresses his interest in employment and mentions prior work experience with the company. The letterhead features a vignette of an office building and horse-drawn carriage. An additional address of 39 Worth Street, New York City is also listed. The letter is written on watermarked paper.

Two-page, stampless letter written by Jacob F. Levy to William Augustine Washington on February 22, 1796. Levy discusses monies owed to Washington, acting as his agent, the sale of shares, crop prices, and inquires about Washington's ownership of shares in the Potomac Canal. The letter originates from Baltimore, Maryland, and is addressed to Washington in Haywood, Virginia.

Autograph letter signed by Jacob I. Cohen to Elie Beatty, dated August 21, 1820. Written from Baltimore, Maryland, the letter discusses the transmittal of a check and notes the failure of the Central Bank of Georgetown & Washington. The letter is franked "p paid JIC Jr."

A letter dated December 20, 1854, from Jacobs Levi & Co. in San Francisco, California to John F. Miller. The letter concerns a debt of $495.26 owed by Louis Vogel of Santa Rosa Valley, dating back to August 1853. The letter is written in English.

This archival item consists of a letter dated September 2, 1875, from Jacobs, E. & B. to Louis Frommer. The letter, written from Shreveport, Louisiana, concerns an apology for not sending funds. Jacobs, E. & B. identified themselves as "Importers & Wholesale Dealers in Dry Goods, Notions, Groceries, Hardware, Guns, Shoes, hats, Liquors, Tobacco & Cigars." The letter's physical location is Arc.MS.56, Box 11, Folder 9.

Commercial letter from James S. Howard in Jacksonville, Oregon to S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon, dated November 11, 1878. The letter discusses business matters.

A letter written by Jeanette Marcuse, wife of Abraham Marcuse, to William A. Bolinger from Marysville, California, dated March 15, 1865. The letter discusses the receipt of a bar of $3250.00, shipment of the bar to San Francisco, and the sending of $200 in silver coin via Whiting's Express. It also mentions that Marks has gone to San Francisco and will return in a few days.

A business letter dated March 19, 1869, from JNO. J. Levy & Co., a playing card manufactory, to the Spring Grove Paper Co. in New York, New York. The letter requests an order for card stock to be shipped. The letterhead includes the address 177 & 179 Grand Street, New York, New York.

A business letter written by John H. Riker to Louis Taussig & Co. on October 11, 1880, concerning a property with family history. The letter features a striking lithographed letterhead depicting kegs of whiskey, advertising the company's locations at 21 & 23 Lower Market, Covington, KY, and 303 Battery St. & 9 Delaney St., New York, NY.

A letter written by John M. Cauley to Harmon Hendricks on November 8, 1806, discussing the price of copper in Bristol and its impact on anticipated orders. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York. It is the earliest correspondence to Harmon Hendricks within the collection, indicating prior business dealings between the two individuals.

A business letter dated April 4, 1870, from John S. Norton, President of the West Philadelphia Passenger Railway Company, to Moses A. Dropsie. The letter features a lithographed letterhead of the railway company and pertains to business matters. The letter was written in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A letter dated July 6, 1852, from John Wagner to Mordecai & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina. The letter, which is a broadside with a cover from the M.C. Mordecai Co., discusses coal for their steamship Isabel bound for Cuba. The broadside also lists the signatures of agents of Mordecai & Co., including Moses Cohen Mordecai, J.R. Mordecai, Isaac Eger Hertz, and J.A. Enslow.

A letter dated May 14, 1880, written on the letterhead of Code, Elfelt & Co., a San Francisco-based manufacturer of pickles and hermetically sealed goods. The letter was sent to S. R. Buford & Co. in Virginia City, Montana. The verso of the letter includes a detailed product broadside. The letter arrived with a damaged transmittal cover.

A letter written in German from Joseph Jacobs to Jacobs, Myers & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 7, 1848. The letter is part of the E collection.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Joseph L. Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City on August 18, 1846. Joseph requests that Henry purchase coils of rope, specifying dimensions, and sends regards to Henry's wife.

Business letter dated July 5, 1884, from Joseph Libmann & Co. in New York, New York, to Crane & Co. in Dalton, Massachusetts. The letter, written on elaborate letterhead, discusses a paper order. Crane & Co. made notes on the letter indicating the order was filled.

A single-page letter dated January 24, 1779, written by Josiah Blakeley in Hartford, Connecticut, to Joseph (Moses) Lopez. The letter contains commercial content and personal regards to Mr. & Mrs. Mendes and Mr. & Mrs. Riviera. This letter is one of fourteen in a collection spanning June 21, 1779 to October 1, 1781, detailing trade between Blakeley and either Aaron Lopez or Joseph Lopez. The correspondence discusses business transactions, including the supply of rum, ostrich plumes, and other imported goods, alongside the challenges of the Continental currency crisis. The letters show the impact of the currency crisis and unstable financial climate of the time on business dealings between merchants. The physical condition of the letters is noted as stained, edge-worn, toned, creased, and with some illegible portions due to moisture damage.

A one-page letter written on November 8, 1779, in Hartford, Connecticut, by Josiah Blakeley to Joseph (Moses) Lopez. The letter discusses the evacuation of Newport, Rhode Island by British forces, concerns for Joseph's brother, and difficulties with currency conversion during the American Revolution. It also mentions the transmission of funds via Mr. Reveria and details commercial transactions involving the exchange of goods such as rum, ostrich plumes, flour, and fish. This letter is one of fourteen in a collection spanning June 21, 1779, to October 1, 1781, documenting trade between Blakeley and the Lopez brothers, highlighting the challenges presented by the unstable Continental currency during the war. The letters show the impact of the Currency Crisis of 1779 on commercial activities and the difficulties in conducting business transactions.

Two-page letter written by Judah Hays to Charles Simms in Boston, Massachusetts, on September 4, 1805. The letter includes a copy of a previous letter sent on July 4, 1805, and inquires about the lack of response. The letter mentions dealings with General Thomson Mason of Alexandria, Virginia. Hays' letter is signed twice.

A letter written by Judah to Charles Tobias on March 28, 1846, concerning business matters, money owed, and family affairs. The letter was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York.

A two-page letter from Judah Touro in New Orleans, Louisiana to David Hart in New York City, dated September 1, 1835. Touro discusses problems with a runaway slave. Hart was a long-time friend and business associate of Touro. Letters with personal content from Touro are extremely rare.

A letter written by Julius Lipman on April 16, 1883, to John H. Riker and Robert Drolder in New York City, New York, concerning a property search at 206 Broadway. The letter provides insight into real estate transactions and business dealings in late 19th-century New York.

A business letter from Kohn & Leberman in New York, New York, to Moses A. Dropsie in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated May 3, 1870. The letter discusses business matters, possibly related to the clothing trade or finance.

A letter dated October 25, 1848, from L. Elias (per P.S. Jacobs) in Columbia, South Carolina, to Jacobs & Meyer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses a request for Torah portion books ("Parasha books") and a discrepancy in a prior merchandise bill. The letter also mentions business dealings and financial matters.

Commercial letter from L. Frank & Sons, hide, fur, pelt, tallow, rag, and metal dealers in Zanesville, Ohio, to J. Machetauz & Bro. in Matamoras, Ohio, dated November 6, 1886. The letter is printed on illustrated letterhead featuring a lithograph of a warehouse. The letter's content pertains to business matters.

A one-page letter (4.5" x 8") written by L. J. Sylvester in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Tobias I. Tobias on December 1, 1852. The letter concerns an order for a chest of black tea to be delivered via Adams.

Letter - KAUFMAN, L. to URBANA WINE COMPANY; 170 & 172 WEST MAIN STREET, Rochester, New York...4/9/1884. B'nai B'rith Membership: Archives tracking 19th-century fraternal organizations record Leopold Kaufman as an active member of Rochester's Zerubbabel Lodge, No. 53 of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith.

A two and a half page stampless letter written by L. M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his cousin Henry Tobias in New York, New York, on November 23, 1837. The letter contains personal news, gossip, and business matters, including a humorous reference to L. M. Tobias's mistress.

A letter dated January 31, 1879, from L. Zeckendorf & Co. in New York City to the Singer Manufacturing Company. The letter discusses the potential for establishing a Singer agency in Tucson, Arizona Territory, and highlights the prospect of sales to Mexico. The letter mentions Albert Steinfeld in Tucson.

A one-page business letter from Lee J. Collins in New York City to J. I. Cohen in Baltimore, dated December 21, 1853. The letter discusses business matters.

Letter from Lehman, Durr & Co., cotton factors and general commission merchants in Montgomery, Alabama, to D. W. Boz in Wetumpka, Alabama, dated October 15, 1867. The letter discusses cotton prices in Mobile and New Orleans. Lehman, Durr & Co. was the founding firm of Lehman Brothers in New York City.

Letter from Lehman, Durr & Co., cotton factors and general commission merchants in Montgomery, Alabama, to H. P. Park in Greenville, Georgia, dated September 20, 1866. The letter discusses cotton prices in Mobile and New Orleans. Lehman, Durr & Co. was the founding firm of Lehman Brothers in New York City.

A letter dated December 10, 1886, from Lehman, Stern & Co. (successors to Lehman, Abraham & Co.) in Sumter, South Carolina, to Altamont Moses. The letter discusses funds and references Lehman Brothers in New York City and Lehman, Durr & Co. in Montgomery, Alabama. The letterhead indicates the company's address as Corner Gravier & Baronne Sts., Sumter, South Carolina.

A commercial letter dated May 4, 1885, from Lehman, Stern & Co. (Successors to Lehman, Abraham & Co.) in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter discusses funds and mentions Lehman Bros. in New York City and Lehman, Durr & Co. in Montgomery, Alabama.

A half-sheet letter from Lemle & Weil, wholesale and retail dealers in dry goods, hats, boots, shoes, clothing, and men's furnishings, located in Opelika, Alabama. The letter is dated February 4, 1884, and addressed to G. Gunby Jordan. The letterhead features the company's name and a description of its merchandise.

A two-page handwritten letter from Leon Salomon to "Friend Graffe" dated November 15, 1864, in Virginia City, Nevada. The letter discusses Salomon's financial difficulties, mentions several prominent citizens of Aurora, Nevada (a nearby mining town), and alludes to rumors circulating in San Francisco. The letter is written on lined laid paper with a "Pacific Mills" blind stamp.

A letter written by Levi Strauss to Harvey & Kennedy in San Francisco, California on June 6, 1859. The letter encloses a draft for $1256.28. This is an early example of Levi Strauss's business correspondence.

A half-sheet letter from Levy & Katzman, located at 122 Duane Street, New York City, to Simons & Cappelman in Charleston, South Carolina, dated January 7, 1887. The letter pertains to ladies' and gentlemen's hand-sewn boots.

Three-page letter dated February 16, 1779, written in Lancaster, Pennsylvania by Levy Andrew Levy and Joseph Simon to Michael Gratz in Philadelphia. The letter discusses potential army irregularities in handling the goods of Brizard Magruder, brother-in-law of Levy. It includes a signed note by Michael Gratz dated March 3, 1779. The letter offers insights into family and business matters during the early days of the American Revolution.

A letter from Lichtenstein Bros. & Co., cigar manufacturers located at 268 & 270 Bowery, New York, New York, to J. H. Parson in Jefferson, Texas, dated June 24, 1878. The letter is accompanied by a lithograph depicting the company's factory. The letterhead features the company's name and address.

This archival item consists of a letter dated July 10, 1884, from Lora C. Kister of Mill Brook, Ohio, to Thalhimer Brothers in Richmond, Virginia. The letter is accompanied by an undated envelope featuring an advertisement for Thalhimer Brothers, located at 501 Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia. The envelope's advertisement showcases the store's offerings. The letter itself contains business-related correspondence.

A one-page stampless letter, approximately 7-1/2" x 9-1/2", dated July 11, 1825, written by Lucius Levy Solomons in Albany, New York, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City. Solomons, writing on behalf of his father, Levy Solomons, returns a note from Mr. Gilfert, explaining an unsuccessful attempt to collect payment and declining further involvement in the matter. The letter includes an "ALBANY" cds and a manuscript "12-1/2" rate.

A letter written by Lyman Duke to Isaac Marx on December 7, 1874, in Demopolis, Alabama. The letter details Duke's travel plans as a traveling salesman. It is written on Marx's stationery.

A business letter from M. B. Ochs & Sons, dated September 9, 1891, sent from their New York City office at 58 Walker Street. The letter and envelope feature a full lithograph. The letter is a short business communication.

A letter written in broken English from M. Elfenbein in Buffalo, New York, to the Urbana Wine Company on April 28, 1884. The letter concerns the business of empty bottles.

A business letter from M. G. Cohn, a jobber of produce, fruits, and cigars located at 54 & 56 West Park, Butte, Montana, to S. R. Buford & Co. Dated January 10, 1893. The letter is printed on Cohn's billhead.

Broadside letter from M. Greenbaum & Co. to their creditors, dated July 4, 1874, announcing their inability to reach an agreement and informing them of pending lawsuits. The letter reflects the economic climate of the Panic of 1873 and its aftermath. The letter was sent from Chicago, Illinois, and concerns business dealings in both Chicago and Warren, Ohio.

This letter, dated March 14, 1898, was written by M. H. Epstein from Luling, Texas, to J. N. Nixon. Epstein acknowledges the receipt of funds to settle a claim against an estate.

A letter dated July 29, 1834, from M. Isaacson in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. Isaacson discusses closing his fur business and seeking new employment as a fur manufacturer, merchant, clerk, bookkeeper, or salesman. He mentions a Cohen in Philadelphia, offering insight into a Jewish self-help network.

A letter written on M. Jacobs & Co. letterhead, dated July 6, 1897, concerning a shipment of cornmeal. The letter is addressed to C. D. Clarke in Peoria, Arizona, and was sent from the M. Jacobs & Co. store in Phoenix, Arizona. The letterhead features the business's name and description as "Dealers in General Merchandise."

A three-page, stampless letter written by M. L. Mozley in Liverpool, England, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, New York, on July 1, 1823. The letter discusses family matters and gossip, along with some business dealings.

A business letter dated August 22, 1885, from M. Levy & Sons, cotton factors and merchants in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter pertains to a cotton order.

A one-page business letter from M. Sabel & Sons, wool dealers located at 116 East Market Street, Louisville, Kentucky, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. Dated May 5, 1883. The letter measures 6" x 9".

A business letter written by M.G. Levy on June 9, 1884, in Fairview, New Mexico. The letter is written on business stationery. The content pertains to mercantile business.

A handwritten business letter dated May 25, 1885, from Maas & Bro. (Jake and Solomon Maas) in Cochran, Georgia, to [Campbell & Vansyckie]. The letter reflects the business activities of Maas & Bro., who later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store in Tampa, Florida. The letter is in poor condition.

A handwritten business letter dated May 16, 1885, from Maas & Bro. (Jacob and Solomon Maas) in Cochran, Georgia, to [Campbell & Vansyckie] in Macon, Georgia. The letter provides insights into the operations of a general store in rural Georgia during the late 19th century. The letter is part of a larger collection documenting the early business activities of the Maas family, who later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store chain in Tampa, Florida.

Handwritten business letter dated May 19, 1885, from Maas & Bro. (Jake and Solomon Maas) in Cochran, Georgia, to [Campbell & Vansyckie] in Macon, Georgia. The letter is in poor condition. The Maas brothers, Jacob and Solomon, were early Jewish merchants who later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store in Tampa, Florida.

A handwritten business letter dated April 16, 1881, from Maas & Bro. (Jake and Solomon Maas) in Cochran, Georgia, to [Carhart and Curd]. The letter discusses business matters; additional details are not available. This letter is part of a larger collection documenting the early business activities of the Maas brothers, who later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store in Tampa, Florida.

A letter written on the letterhead of Maas & Bro. in Cochran, Georgia, dated September 17, 1878, addressed to [Carhart and Curd]. The letter pertains to business matters. Abe and Isaac Maas, who later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store in Tampa, Florida, started their retail careers in Cochran, Georgia with their brothers, Jacob and Sol.

Letter written on the letterhead of Maas & Bro. in Cochran, Georgia, dated June 8, 1878, addressed to [Carhart and Curd] in Macon, Georgia. The letter discusses business matters. Abe and Isaac Maas, who started their retail career in Cochran, Georgia, with their brothers Jacob and Sol, later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store in Tampa, Florida.

A letter written on the letterhead of Maas & Bro., a general store in Cochran, Georgia, dated November 4, 1878. The letterhead features a lithograph of the store without the brothers' names. The letter was sent to [Carhart and Curd] in Macon, Georgia. Abe and Isaac Maas, who later founded the Maas Brothers department store chain in Tampa, Florida, started their retail careers in Cochran, Georgia, with their brothers Jacob and Sol.

A letter written on the letterhead of Maas & Bro. (Jake and Solomon Maas), dated January 29, 1877. The letterhead indicates a Macon store, though the letter's salutation and content reference Cochran, Georgia. This correspondence provides insight into the early business operations of the Maas brothers, who later founded the prominent Maas Brothers department store in Tampa, Florida.

A business letter written on the letterhead of Maas & Brother, a retail firm in Cochran, Georgia, dated July 15, 1877. The letter was sent to [Carhart and Curd] in Macon, Georgia. The letter reflects the business activities of Maas & Brother, offering insights into the retail trade in 19th-century Georgia.

A letter written by Marcus Baum to P. I. Fulson on January 30, 1857, concerning the supply of a plow. The letter, written in Baum's hand, discusses a business transaction related to agricultural equipment. The letter originates from Georgetown, South Carolina.

One-page business letter written by Marcus Whiteman to C. C. Gise on March 21, 1884, from White Oaks, New Mexico. Whiteman's letterhead identifies him as a dealer in dry goods, clothing, boots, shoes, hardware, and miners' supplies. The letter discusses a previous loan of $10 and payment of $50, and provides commentary on the economic conditions in White Oaks, New Mexico.

A commercial letter from Matthew Parker & Co. to Harmon Hendricks in New York City, dated July 30, 1825. The letter, sent from Liverpool, includes an invoice and pertains to copper importation, a significant business for the Hendricks family for five generations.

A letter written by Max B. Goldenberg on Schultz Letterhead to Charles Ilfeld concerning an order of merchandise. Dated January 29, 1883. The letter's content pertains to mercantile business dealings. Geographic locations associated with the individuals involved suggest connections to New Mexico and possibly elsewhere in the Southwest.

A letter written by Max Moses to H. & S. Riker on December 8, 1873, concerning bankruptcy. The letter is dated in New York, New York, and references a business address at 27 Chamber Street.

A letter dated December 5, 1828, from the commission merchants Mayer & Lohman in Philadelphia to Frederick Konig in Baltimore, Maryland. The letter conveys an update on the arrival of Konig's relatives from New York and mentions the improved health of L.M. (likely Lewis Mayer). The letter was privately carried to Baltimore and postmarked there on December 6th. The letter's content provides insight into the personal and business affairs of the correspondents.

A letter written by Mayer Sulzberger on May 26, 1886, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter pertains to business matters and mentions an address at 6th and Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA.

Two-page letter written by Mayer Sulzberger on his letterhead (6th & Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) to Simon Muhr on May 31, 1880. The letter, part of a set of eight, was written while Muhr was traveling abroad. The content includes commentary on political investment.

Letter dated March 29, 1889, on the letterhead of Mayer, Levy & Co., Cotton Factors & Commission Merchants, Vicksburg, Mississippi. The letter pertains to a payment due on an account. The letterhead mentions numerous branch offices in Mississippi, including Lexington and Mayersville.

Commercial letter from Mendel, Rosenberger & Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to G. Gunby Jordan in Columbus, Georgia, dated July 17, 1884. The letter pertains to financial matters.

A commercial letter written by Merew & Greenall in Helena, Nova Scotia, Canada, to Tobias I in London, England, on October 31, 1815. The letter discusses a shipment and appears to be related to cordage transactions. It is a single page from a copy book.

A commercial letter dated November 21, 1848, sent from Messick & Towne to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York. The letter discusses the copper trade, highlighting Hendricks & Brothers' role as a major copper importer in the USA and a significant supplier to the U.S. Navy and Paul Revere. The letter is stampless and originates from an arsenal in Philadelphia.

A one-page stampless letter written by Michael I. Tobias in Liverpool, England to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated December 7, 1833. The letter declines an order from T.I. Tobias due to concerns about profitability and comments on the poor quality of apples previously received.

A one-page letter dated November 30, 1846, written by Michael Lazarus from Charleston, South Carolina, to C. P. Relf in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses cotton and rice market prices, offering bids and asks, and speculating on future cotton prices. The letter was written on the integral leaf of a stampless cover.

Letter written by Michael Lazarus to Shubael Hutchins in Providence, Rhode Island, on July 30, 1846, from Charleston, South Carolina. Lazarus expresses disappointment with the price Hutchins received for selling cotton and discusses current market prices.

A letter written by Michael Nesbet to T. I. Tobias on August 27, 1835, from New York City. The letter contains both personal and business matters, and references Nesbet's involvement in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nesbet. This is one of three letters exchanged between the two men in August 1835.

Autograph letter signed by Michael Nesbit to T. I. Tobias. Written in New York City on August 13, 1835. The letter contains both personal and business matters. Nesbit was a partner in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nesbit. This is one of three letters written in the same month.

Autograph letter signed by Michael Nisbet to T. I. Tobias, written in New York City on August 28, 1835. The letter discusses both personal and business matters. Nisbet was a partner in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nisbet. This is one of three letters exchanged between the correspondents in August 1835. Nisbet was active in Jewish affairs.

Two-page letter written by Mike Tobias in Liverpool, England to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on November 5, 1822. The letter expresses anger and details a property deal. The letter is stampless.

A single-page letter written on October 1, 1850, by Mordecai Manuel Noah to his son, Jacob Noah. The letter, written in New York, New York, discusses family matters and business dealings, including advice on interacting with an important individual.

Two-page letter dated September 14, 1893, from Morris J. Sideman of Sideman, Lachman & Co. in San Francisco, California, relating to a debt owed by Asher Marks of Roseburg, Oregon. The letterhead features a large cigar illustration. A notation mentions that Roseburg was founded by a Jewish butcher in 1851.

A letter written by Moses Bernhard to John H. S. Riker on March 18, 1873, in New York, New York, concerning a title transfer. The letter is printed on Einstein & Bernhard letterhead, indicating a business connection between the parties.

A letter written by Moses Gans to H. Blakely & Son in Erie, Pennsylvania on February 25, 1882. The letter pertains to household furniture and reflects Gans's involvement in Jewish affairs. The letter is written in English.

Three-page letter written by Moses Mendes Sollas of Buff Bay, St. George's, Jamaica, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 14, 1844. Sollas, a wealthy merchant and lay leader of K.K. Shahar Ashamaim synagogue in Kingston, requests information on firms exporting spiced beef to Jamaica. The letter also contains advice to Leeser regarding his efforts to organize the American Jewish community and observations on the wealthy, along with book orders.

A business letter written by Moses Michael Hays in Boston, Massachusetts on March 19, 1787. The recipient of the letter is unknown.

A business letter written by Moses Michael Hays of Boston, Massachusetts to John Watson in Salem, Massachusetts on April 25, 1799. The letter's content is related to business matters.

Autograph letter signed by Moses Michael Hays, written in New York City on December 4, 1766, to Martin Gerrison Van Bergen in Albany, New York. The letter pertains to business matters and includes rare postmarks and references to the Western Frontier. This letter represents a rare example from the early stages of Hays' business career.

A half-page letter dated June 4, 1765, from Moses Michael Hays in New York to Michael Gratz in Philadelphia. Hays requests Gratz forward an enclosed letter (now missing) to Abraham Sarzedas in Charleston, South Carolina, via Isaac DaCosta. The letter also mentions an enclosed letter for Elias Miranda and Hays's wishes for Gratz's upcoming business trip to Curaçao. The cover is addressed to Gratz but notes it is "in favor Mr. Levy."

A letter written on January 14, 1884, by Myer Levi, a dealer in dry goods, notions, groceries, cigars, tobacco, and snuff in Berlin, Maryland, to William B. Tomlinson. The letter concerns a three-month peddler's license and includes a payment of seven dollars. The letter is accompanied by an envelope with advertising.

A letter written by Myer Wineman to Asher D. Cohen on May 2, 1889, in Jacksonville, Florida. The letter, written on El Modelo Cigar Mfg. letterhead, discusses Wineman's inability to assist Cohen, stating that it is not due to religious reasons. The letterhead lists Herman Myers as President and Sego Myers as Secretary-Treasurer.

One-page letter written by N. Gallinger to Isaac Leeser on March 15, 1858, from Pittsburgh. The letter discusses sales to Rodeph Shalom, with Gallinger identified as Leeser's agent in Pittsburgh.

Three-page letter from N. Hart in London, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated November 10, 1820. The letter contains gossip and business news, including details of a lawsuit, bankruptcy, and family updates.

A one and one-quarter page stampless letter from N. Hart in London, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated May 13, 1823. Hart congratulates Tobias on the birth of a son; the remainder of the letter pertains to business matters.

A one-page stampless business letter from N. Hart in London, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated November 28, 1822. The letter discusses accounts and mentions Tobias's illness (gout).

A business letter dated April 7, 1874, from N. Levy & Co., commission and forwarding merchants in Nevada and Idaho, to John Guthrie in Winnemucca, Nevada. The letter discusses prices and features a lithographed letterhead depicting boxes and barrels. N. Levy's San Francisco address (22 California St.) and M. Siegel's Winnemucca address are also listed.

A letter dated May 8, 1882, from Nathan & Straus, importers and wholesale liquor dealers in Chicago, Illinois, to the Kenton Sar Bank in Kenton, Ohio. The letterhead displays the firm's address as 103 East Lake Street, Chicago. Nathan & Straus was established in 1874.

A business letter from Nenburger & Hochstadter in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Moses A. Dropsie, dated May 16, 1870. The letter concerns business matters.

A commercial letter dated July 14, 1857, from Newton Keates & Co. in Liverpool, England, to Hendricks Brothers in New York, New York. The letter pertains to business matters related to the Hendricks copper dynasty.

A letter from O. A. Crawford to the Gassner & Marx Camera Company in Rochester, New York, dated January 17, 1899. The letter is printed on the company's letterhead, which features a lithograph of a Dayplate camera. The envelope also features the company's lithograph. The letter was sent from Thorntown, Indiana.

A business letter dated January 10, 1887, from Oberndorf & Allman in Selma, Alabama, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter discusses business matters and includes addresses for both companies: 1000 & 1002 Broad St., Selma, Alabama for Oberndorf & Allman.

A letter written by Oberndorf & Ullman from Selma, Alabama on July 5, 1870. The letter's content is unknown. The letter is part of the collection Arc.MS.56, Box 11, Folder 6.

A letter dated October 28, 1856, written by Octavius Cohen of Savannah, Georgia, to Carhart & Roff of Macon, Georgia. The letter details the availability and prices of various spirits, including whiskey, gin, bourbon, rye whiskey, and American brandy, as well as other goods like Anchor Rope and Star candles. The letter indicates Cohen's intention to supply Carhart & Roff's orders.

A broadside letter dated November 4, 1854, from Octavius L. Cohen in Savannah, Georgia, to David S. Brown & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cohen, a cotton merchant, requests business. The broadside portion details cotton market prices and conditions.

A letter written by P. Whitlock to W. C. Agee on August 30, 1878, discussing the Model Cigar Factory located at 1445 Main Street in Richmond, Virginia. The letter features a lithographed image of an "Impregnables" box of cigars. The letter was written from New Canton, Virginia.

A letter written by Paul Friedman of Offer & Friedman, located at 419 & 421 Jackson Street, to W. T. Bone in Pico Rivera, California, on May 28, 1888. The letter concerns a check written by Bone to Friedman and includes a notary certificate signed by Louis Meininger. The letter is written on Friedman's letterhead.

Signed letter from Paul Hamilton, Secretary of the Navy under President James Madison and former Governor of South Carolina, to Simon Gratz & Co. remitting a payment of $2,000. The letter is written in the hand of an aide and signed by Hamilton. Hamilton served as the third Secretary of the Navy during the opening months of the War of 1812 (which began June 6, 1812). Simon and Hyman Gratz were prominent Philadelphia businessmen involved in trade, real estate, and insurance. Dated January 8, 1811.

A business letter dated January 7, 1871, from the Philadelphia & Atlanta Wine & Liquor Co. in Atlanta, Georgia to Moses A. Dropsie. The letter features an interesting advertising letterhead; the reverse side is covered with advertisements from various Atlanta merchants, including Eiseman & Bros. Clothiers.

Business letter from the Philadelphia and Atlanta Wine and Liquor Co. in Atlanta, Georgia, to Moses Aaron Dropsie in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated May 27, 1870. The letter concerns a suit that Dropsie declines to represent.

A business letter dated April 27, 1870, from the Philadelphia and Atlanta Wine and Liquor Co. in Atlanta, Georgia, to Moses Dropsie. The letter pertains to mercantile business. Geographic locations mentioned include Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Atlanta, Georgia.

A letter written by Phineas De Cordova to Fred. Lewis on January 21, 1879, in New York, New York. The letter concerns a meeting to be held in Judge Cardoza's office as part of a suit mentioned in item #1988. Phineas De Cordova was the half-brother of Jacob Raphael De Cordova and they owned a large land agency in the Southwest.

A business letter written on October 12, 1885, from Porter, Slessinger & Company in San Francisco, California, to J. H. McKnight & Co. in Fort Shaw, Montana. The letter declines an order due to high demand at the eastern factory.

A three-quarter page letter (5" x 8") written by R. Jackson in Geneva, Switzerland to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on September 2, 1860. The letter concerns business matters involving George E. Stone, although specifics are not detailed.

A letter dated June 27, 1877, from R. (Ralph) Jacobs of Jacobs Bros. & Co., located at 3 & 5 North Front Street in Portland, Oregon, to S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon. The letter discusses placing a bid at a Grange auction, aiming for a good price without setting the market. Jacobs Bros. & Co. are identified as agents for (and owners of) the Oregon City Woolen Mills.

A one and one-quarter page letter written by Richa Hernshein to Mr. L. Guns (possibly Gans) in Roma, Texas on May 27, 1850. Hernshein writes at the request of Mr. H. Seeligson, urging Guns to settle a debt with Charles Schmidt and Mr. Ash, partners of Mr. Hahn, for the benefit of Hernshein and Haber, Goldsmith & Co. of New Orleans. The letter also expresses concern for her children.

Letter from Richardson, Spence & Co., written on American Steamship Company of Philadelphia letterhead, to Mayer Sulzberger. The letter concerns steamship reservations for a trip Sulzberger is undertaking. The letter is dated July 19, 1880, and references addresses in Philadelphia, PA, and Liverpool, England.

A one-half page letter dated May 3, 1854, from Robert H. Gratz in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Samuel B. Lehman in Lebanon, Pennsylvania. The letter, written on stationery from the Philadelphia Gas Works, discusses shares of stock in the Western Bank. The original envelope is included. The letter begins with “Friend Sam” and is signed “Your friend, R.H. Gratz.”

A commercial letter dated May 24, 1890, from Rosenheim, Levis & Co., located at 523 & 525 Washington Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, to an unspecified recipient in Aurora, Missouri. The letterhead features a crown watermark and the company logo.

A business letter dated March 29, 1884, from Rosenthal Bros., wholesale clothiers located at 70 Canal Street in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter includes banking instructions.

A single-page letter written by S. Greaves in Sheffield, England, on October 31, 1815, concerning an order for cutlery. The letter is part of a larger copy book. The cover of the book is blue paper with "August 2 1815" written in ink. This letter is ¼ of a page.

A stamped letter, one and one-quarter pages in length, written by S. I. Thornton in Manchester to Henry Tobias in Liverpool on February 25, 1846. The letter concerns fabric and patterns and includes a sample of cloth with a lot number.

A business letter dated December 28, 1873, from S. Leebes & Co. in Salt Lake City, Utah, to M. B. Edinger and Grau A. Carter in Fort Bridger, Wyoming. The letter confirms the delivery of merchandise from the company's San Francisco store.

Commercial letter written and signed by S. Lichtenstein of A. Lichtenstein, Son & Co., cigar manufacturers located at 309-311 East 59th Street, New York, NY, to R. C. Halliday in Dillon, Montana. Dated April 8, 1893. The letter contains commercial content.

A business letter dated June 14, 1887, from S. Lowenthal & Co. of Cincinnati, Ohio, to R. C. Halliday, proprietor of a saloon and general store in Dillon, Montana Territory. The letter concerns a cigar order placed through Mr. Strauss. The letter is 5 1/2" by 9".

A two-page manuscript letter from S. Marks & Co. in Roseburg, Oregon, to R. Jacobs, agent for the Oregon City Manufacturing Co. in Oregon City, Oregon, dated February 17, 1871. The letter discusses the terms of a wool purchasing agreement, including commission rates, payment methods, and quantity stipulations. The letter showcases the commercial activities of Jewish merchants in Oregon during the 19th century.

A one-page business letter written on Wells Fargo & Company letterhead from S. Marks to Asher Marks in Roseburg, Oregon, dated March 29, 1869. The letter was written from the company's Canyonville, Oregon office and includes a North Canyonville, Oregon postmark. The letter is housed in a cover opened at the flap.

A letter written by S. Ottenberg & Bro. of New York to R. C. Halliday, Esq., proprietor of a saloon and general store in Dillon, Montana Territory, dated January 21, 1891. The letter measures 5 1/2" x 9" and was sent from 2nd Ave & 22nd Street (corner), New York. The content of the letter pertains to mercantile business.

A one-page letter dated December 20, 1849, from S. (Sigmund) Redelsheimer of Fort Wayne, Indiana, to L. Mayer, a Jewish wholesaler at 215 1/2 Market Street, Philadelphia. Redelsheimer requests Mayer to extend credit of up to $100 (equivalent to $3,528.52 in 2021) to his cousin, L. Redelsheimer, for merchandise. He assures Mayer that he will be responsible for the debt. If Mayer lacks the necessary goods, Redelsheimer asks him to guide his cousin to a suitable supplier. The letter highlights the close business relationships within the Jewish community in early America and suggests that L. Redelsheimer likely operated a small peddling business. Biographical information on Sigmund Redelsheimer, a prominent figure in the Fort Wayne Jewish community, is included in the archival description.

A one-page stampless letter written by S. S. Thornton in Manchester, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City on July 15, 1837. The letter inquires about Henry Tobias's departure from Mr. P (possibly Peck) amidst the Panic of 1837.

A one-page business letter written on letterhead from S. Schiffer & Nephews, wholesale grocers at 36 Vesey Street, New York City, to Robertson & Herndon in Tyler, Texas, on February 27, 1874. The letter concerns the collection of a bad debt. The letter is accompanied by its original postal cover.

Letter - 9/25/1880 .....Office of S. STRAUSS & CO. BOURBON & RYE WHISKIES...Distillers & Wholesalers...(no street address) CHARLESTON, W. VA. ..notes warehouses in Pittsburgh, Pa., Lawrenceburg, Ky. & Augusta County, Virginia. Commercial content. Established in the late 1870s, S. Strauss & Co. operated out of Charleston, W.Va., specializing as wholesale dealers in Bourbon and Rye Whiskies, and serving as agents for steamed bottled lager beer and ale. Samuel Strauss raised his family in this tight-knit community before moving to Virginia later in life. His son, Lewis Strauss, heavily carried these early communal values into global Jewish relief efforts, working extensively with the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) to rescue and provide food aid to thousands of displaced Jewish refugees in Europe following World War I. Samuel S. Strauss's son... Lewis Lichtenstein Strauss (born in Charleston in 1896), who went on to become a highly influential Jewish-American businessman, philanthropist, naval admiral, and chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.

A lithographed letter and envelope from S. W. Rosenstock & Co., located at the southeast corner of Sansome and Bush Streets in San Francisco, California, circa 1885. The letter discusses business matters, specifically requesting payment for notes and mentioning the construction of a new facility. The letter also mentions a business partner, Marion Leventritt, who was involved in shoe manufacturing and a founding member of The International Society for the Colonization of Russian Jews.

A letter dated November 27, 1877, from S.W. Rosenstock & Co. to S. Marks & Co. in San Francisco, California. The letter inquires about a consignment, possibly of deerskins for the wife of L. Solomon or 18 bales of wool. The letter includes an advertising insert and pencil notations.

Autograph letter signed by Salomon Raphael, written in Philadelphia on June 18, 1792, to Daniel Clymer in Reading, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses business matters, specifically a financial transaction involving Mr. Zeanley and Mr. Coleman, and arrangements for payment via a stagecoach to Philadelphia. The letter is written on one page and measures 6.5" x 7.75", with an integral hand-carried cover.

Letter dated February 4, 1880, from Sam Frank, Cotton and Commission Merchant in Holly Springs, Mississippi, to Julius Weil in Paducah, Kentucky. Frank responds to a confidential inquiry about a new businessman in town.

A letter written by Sam Schneider to the Urbana Wine Company in Chicago, Illinois on August 15, 1884, mentioning the American Distilling Company and Hammondsport, New York. The letter is on letterhead.

A letter written by Sam Schneider to the Urbana Wine Company on December 11, 1883. The letter, written on illustrated letterhead, mentions the American Distilling Company and has addresses in Chicago, Illinois and Hammondsport, New York.

Letter written by Sam Silverman in Philipsburg, Montana Territory, to Auerbach, Wells & Co. in Helena, Montana, on February 4, 1881. Silverman inquires about a check he left with the company.

A one-page business letter written by Samson Levy in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Jonathan Meredith in Baltimore, Maryland on October 17, 1808. The letter is unstamped.

A one-page business letter dated January 22, 1886, from Samuel Cohn, Director of the Mechanics and Traders Bank of New York City (153 Bowery St.), to the Eagle & Phenix Savings Bank in Columbus, Georgia. Cohn transmits financial information and proposes a correspondent banking relationship between the two institutions. The letter is written on the letterhead of Samuel Cohn & Bro., 281 Grand Street, "East Side Agency for E.C. Burt Shoes."

A one-page business letter written by Samuel Etting of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Devol Dimay & Co. in Bristol, Rhode Island, dated November 12, 1856. Etting served as a Private in the War of 1812 and participated in the defense of Baltimore.

A one-page stampless letter dated August 10, 1847, from Samuel Hecht in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, to Jacob, Mayers & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Hecht encloses a payment of $20.00 on a note and requests the note be held until his next visit to Philadelphia. The letter bears a red "POTTSTOWN/Pa." postmark and a red "5" rate handstamp.

A two-page letter written by Samuel Myers in Petersburg, Virginia, on September 26, 1790, and addressed to Richard Vance (or Douse) in Philadelphia. The letter is a folded, stampless cover and letter combination.

A one-page letter, dated October 17, 1844, from Samuel Nathan Hart of Charleston, South Carolina to William Jessop & Sons in New York City. Hart encloses a check for payment on an invoice for steel from 1842 and explains the delay in payment. The letter features a Charleston, S.C. postmark and a red "25" rate handstamp.

A letter written by Samuel Pettigrew of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Caleb Taylor in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 19, 1817, concerning an order for drugs. The letter provides insights into the business of medicine in early 19th-century America.

A letter written by Samuel Vernon to Benjamin Kenk on October 11, 1746, in Newport, Rhode Island. The letter discusses a debt owed by Israels and Nathans, noting that Abraham was committed to paying but was discharged by the Assembly after delivering his estate to creditors.

A letter written by Samuel Westheimer of St. Joseph, Missouri, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, on November 23, 1885. The letter is written on illustrated letterhead and mentions that no business is transacted on Saturdays. The letterhead features a graphic and the company's name.

A business letter dated November 10, 1883, written on the letterhead of Sando & Oberdorfer, general merchandise merchants in Silver City, Idaho Territory. The letter, addressed to R. L. Johnson, discusses mining production, prices, and litigation. The letterhead features a lithograph of an iron stove.

A business letter dated February 11, 1887, from Scheuer Brothers in Cartersville, Georgia, to the Eagle & Phenix Manufacturing Co. in Columbus, Georgia. The letter pertains to a request for cloth.

A one-page letter from Schmidt & Werner in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated May 30, 1838. The letter includes three pasted-in newspaper notices announcing the death of M. J. Tobias and the subsequent takeover of his business by his sons, F. M. and G. W. Tobias, with Henry & Chas. Tobias named as their agents in New York City. The cost of each newspaper notice is noted.

A letter dated June 10, 1890, sent from Schwab Clothing Co. at 1014 & 1016 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, to Farr Alpaca Co. The letter mentions a "great vignette" of their store.

A letter dated July 25, 1843, from Secku Meylert in Montrose, Pennsylvania, to John M. Read in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter includes a copy of a letter Meylert received from Christian Kunckel regarding a rejected business proposition and a proposed meeting in Wilkes Barre to settle the dispute. Meylert also updates Read on his travel plans.

A letter from Semon Bache & Co., located at 134-140 Duane Street, New York City, to Ithaca, New York, dated March 15, 1876. The letter concerns French and German looking glass plates. The company, established in 1857, is mentioned in the letter.

A business letter dated February 14, 1891, sent from Simon & Kohn in New Orleans, Louisiana to J. Z. Hearst in Richmond, Alabama. The letter, written in English, is accompanied by an envelope. The letterhead features a corner address for Simon & Kohn at the corner of Magazine and Canal Street in New Orleans, and the envelope shows a good quality lithograph.

A business letter dated March 20, 1872, written by Simon Cohn of Coffee Run, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, on the letterhead of J. M. Hedding & Co., a general merchandise business. The letter's content is unknown.

A letter written by Simon Greenbaum to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, dated February 28, 1882. The letter discusses business matters and was likely sent from Chicago, Illinois.

A letter written by Simon Greenbaum to the Urbana Wine Company on February 28, 1882. The letter is written on a printed sheet listing Urbana Wine Company's wines and prices. Greenbaum's address is listed as 80 5th Ave, Chicago, Illinois.

A letter written by Simon Muhr on Pinto Leite & Nephews letterhead, introducing the firm to Mayer Sulzberger. The letter was written on June 26, 1880, and is addressed to Mayer Sulzberger. The letterhead indicates the company's address is 45 Moorgate Street, London, England.

A letter written by Simon Novitzky to G. L. Kingsley on February 10, 1874. The letter was sent via Wells Fargo & Co. and traveled between Red Bluff and Grass Valley, California.

A letter dated February 2, 1885, written by Sol Mehrbach of Sol Mehrbach Stables in New York City (152 & 154 East 24th Street) to Edward Lowe. The letter discusses the sale of horses and mentions Isidor Mehrbach. The letter is written on small letterhead.

A letter written by Solomon Billitz on March 20, 1879, to Heidenheimer Bros. in Galveston, Texas. The letter, written on the letterhead of H. Schifer & Co., a Houston, Texas scrap dealer, discusses a land sale involving rice and sugar and questions the legality of the transaction. D. Rosenthal is listed as the manager of H. Schifer & Co.

Autograph letter signed by Solomon Etting to Michael Gratz, dated May 7, 1787. Written from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, the letter discusses family matters, finances, and a planned visit by Shinah Simon. The letter is two pages long.

A business letter dated September 4, 1894, from Solomon Frank and Frank & Adler, located at 212 & 214 W. Baltimore Street in Baltimore, Maryland, concerning a missing interest payment. The letter is written in English.

A commercial letter written by Solomon Gans of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to J. S. & C. Wright & Co. of New York, New York, dated October 4, 1871. The letter pertains to Gans's wholesale clothing business located at 409 Market Street, Philadelphia.

A commercial letter written by Solomon Gans of Gans Wholesale Clothing Warehouse in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. on October 10, 1871. The letter, written on Gans's letterhead, showcases business communication practices of the time and provides insights into the clothing trade in 19th-century Philadelphia.

A letter written by Solomon Hart Marks to Barnard Gratz on May 16, 1796, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses unspecified business issues, suggesting potential difficulties or failures in a venture. The letter is part of the Gratz Collection and the Nathan Family Archive.

A letter dated June 4, 1847, from Solomon L. Jacobs in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Jacobs, Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter is written in German and features a "NEW ORLEANS/La." postmark and a "10" rate handstamp. The letter is folded and unstamped.

Letter from Solomon Moses in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Harman Hendricks in New York, New York, dated November 24, 1829. The letter discusses copper and business matters. Solomon Moses was involved in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (Rebecca Gratz's sister). He trained in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City.

A letter written by Solomon Moses to Harman Hendricks in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 19, 1828. The letter pertains to copper and other business matters. Solomon Moses was active in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (sister of Rebecca Gratz). He received his business training in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City.

Letter written by Solomon Moses to Harman W. Hendricks on April 30, 1829, concerning copper. Moses was active in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (sister of Rebecca Gratz). He was trained in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York.

A letter written by Solomon Moses to Hendricks & Brothers on January 18, 1842, concerning copper. The letter mentions the death of Harmon Hendricks and Solomon Moses' involvement in Jewish affairs and his family connections to Rebecca Gratz. The letter was written from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and sent to New York, New York.

A letter written by Solomon Moses in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Henonely & Brothers in New York, New York on May 5, 1843. The letter discusses business matters related to copper and mentions the death of Harmon Hendricks. Solomon Moses' involvement in Jewish affairs and his family connections are also alluded to.

Letter written by Solomon Moses to Herman Hendricks on March 3, 1828, concerning copper. Moses, active in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (Rebecca Gratz's sister), was trained in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to New York, New York.

A business letter written by the Spiesberger Brothers, located at 406 Main Street, Keokuk, Iowa, on August 19, 1889. The letter's recipient and contents are unknown, though the subject may relate to their clothing business. The letter mentions Meyer Spiesberger's role as president of Keokuk's first building for a synagogue.

Commercial letter from Strauss & Isaacs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Jacobs, Myer & Co. in Louisville, Kentucky, dated March 16, 1848. The letter discusses business matters between the two firms.

A letter dated April 11, 1887, written by Sylvain Levy of St. Louis, Missouri, to Mr. Halliday in Dillon, Montana. The letter, written on Charles Rebstock & Co. letterhead (200 South Main Street, St. Louis), discusses the price and availability of T. B. Ripy whiskey. Levy mentions he will be in Ogden, Utah, in a few days and requests that Halliday write to him there at the Broom Hotel. The letter measures 8 3/8" x 10 3/4".

Commercial letter written by T. R. Hall to Guggenheimer & Co., wholesale grocers, on July 26, 1879. The letter, written on Guggenheimer & Co. letterhead, discusses tobacco and originates from Poolesville, Maryland, with the recipient in Baltimore, Maryland.

A business letter dated April 11, 1877, written by T. Romero & Bro. in Las Vegas, New Mexico, to L. M. Jacobs & Co. in Tucson, Arizona. The letter discusses business matters, including a wagon master, freight bills, and Zeckendorf Bro. The letter is written on T. Romero & Bro. letterhead.

A letter dated March 3, 1888, from the Anglo-Californian Bank, Ltd. in San Francisco, California, to the Bullion & Exchange Bank in Carson City, Nevada. The letter explains the workings of the spot silver market and the reasons behind their lower silver price. Philip Lilienthal, founder of the Anglo-Californian Bank in 1873 (successor to J & W Seligman and Co. of London), is mentioned in the context of the letter.

A half-page letter dated January 27, 1829, from the Farmers Bank of Virginia in Richmond to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter addresses an inquiry about the debt owed by David Judah & Co. to the bank, indicating that the debt is small and being paid off. This correspondence is the last in the Tobias Collection referencing David Judah, whose firm dissolved in 1828, after which he moved to Baltimore.

Letter from the Helena-Frisco Mining Company, located in Helena, Montana, with a branch office in Gem, Idaho. The letterhead features a lithograph of a mine. Dated May 29, 1897. The letterhead was used by A. J. Seligman.

A single-page letter on the letterhead of the West Philadelphia Passenger Railway Company, dated January 23, 1873, sent to Moses Aaron Dropsie. The letter informs Dropsie of an annual pass and mentions a supplement in the Pamphlet Laws of 1865. The letterhead features an illustration of the company's headquarters and railway station.

A two and three-quarter page letter (4.5" x 8") written by Thomas Ward in London, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on April 9, 1852. The letter primarily discusses business matters, including hose, bitters, and sardines, and also contains some personal gossip.

A three-and-a-half-page, undated, stampless letter from Tobias I. Tobias to his brother, Michael Tobias, in Liverpool. Written in response to a letter dated November 5, 1822 (see 20.1204T), this emotionally charged letter expresses anger regarding a property dispute, containing the phrase, "while you was (sic) eating my bread you was (sic) cutting my throat." The letter is part of a larger collection of family papers purchased on January 7, 2013.

A one-page stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond, Virginia on April 16, 1823. The letter discusses ordinary business matters.

A one-half page, stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond, Virginia on March 24, 1823. The letter pertains to ordinary business matters.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond, Virginia on April 9, 1823. The letter discusses ordinary business matters.

A two and three-quarters page letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond on February 21, 1822. Tobias expresses concern over the lack of received balance sheets from Judah and notes an increase in the profit share allocated to his brother, Isaac Tobias, to 50%.

A letter dated March 27, 1823, from Tobias I. Tobias to David Judah concerning a business matter. The letter was written in New York, and mentions Richmond, Virginia.

One-page letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to E. E. Nicholls in New York City on August 8, 1824. The letter mentions enclosing a draft related to the account of Judah Cohen as a legacy bequest to friends in Richmond, Virginia. The letter may be a draft itself.

A two-and-a-half page letter from Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to his brother, Mike Tobias (likely in England), dated January 24 and February 1, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the high prices of French brandy due to the possibility of war and suggests purchasing Pope Brandy instead. A later portion discusses clover seed purchases by Cohen in Baltimore for Rothschild and advises on selling due to oversupply.

A group of five impression copies of letters on tissue paper, difficult to read. All letters were written from New York City by Tobias I. Tobias in 1816-1817. The letters are loose and were found within Letter Book 20.1430T. The cover of Letter Book 20.1430T is blue paper with "August 2, 1815" written in ink. The seller's inventory lists this as item #3, indicating the presence of 38 additional leaves. This item was found in the collection with the cross reference 20.1434T.

A 2 1/2-page letter written by Tobias J. Tobias in New York City on December 14, 1853, to Clement Hooverman in London. The letter expresses happiness about Hooverman's upcoming trip to New York, congratulates him on his engagement, and discusses opportunities in the American wine business.

A two-page letter dated December 8, 1891, from Ulman Goldsborough Co. in Baltimore, Maryland, to Bateman & Switzer in Great Falls, Montana. The letter details an order for various types of whiskey, including Maryland Rye, Wilson Rye, and Wilson Bourbon, and discusses pricing discrepancies noted by their agent, Mr. Silberberg.

A business letter from the Union National Bank in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Moses Aaron Dropsie, dated May 27, 1870. The letter concerns financial matters.

A commercial letter written by W. A. Carter to Howard Sanger & Co. on October 20, 1869. The letter was sent from Fort Bridger, Wyoming, to the company's offices in New York, New York. The letterhead displays the address of Howard Sanger & Co. as 105 & 107 Chambers and 89 & 91 Reade Street, New York, New York.

A commercial letter dated October 18, 1881, from W. Dryfus & Bro., clothing manufacturers in Zanesville, Ohio, to W. G. S. Coulson. The letter contains legal content and is written on company letterhead.

A handwritten letter from W. M. Baumgarten, dated April 13, 1885, on letterhead for his Baltimore-based rubber stamp manufacturing business. The letter pertains to payment for a rubber stamp pad and includes a request for payment or the return of the pad using enclosed stamps. The letterhead features an engraved seal and indicates the business's address as 76 Second Street, Baltimore, Maryland. The letter also mentions the recipient returned the pads on 4/13/1885.

A letter written by W.M. Weinstein on his letterhead from Philipsburg, Montana to A.M. Holter in Helena, Montana, dated April 2, 1891. The letter discusses business matters, as suggested by the letterhead which identifies Weinstein as a merchant.

A commercial letter sent from Waterbury, Connecticut to Hendricks & Brothers in New York City on July 4, 1845. The letter pertains to the copper trade; Hendricks & Brothers were major copper importers in the USA, supplying the Navy and Paul Revere. The letter is stampless.

A commercial letter dated October 14, 1871, from Weil & Cahn, wholesale dry goods merchants located at 9 & 11 South Street, St. Joseph, Missouri, to J. S. & C. Wright & Co. The letter notes that no business was transacted on Saturday.

Commercial letter from Weinreb & Alpiner, cigar manufacturers located at 123 West Madison Street, Chicago, Illinois, to M. C. Clark in Momence, Illinois, dated September 28, 1872. The letter measures approximately 8" x 10".

A business letter written on April 28, 1879, by Weisl, Lesinsky & Co. in Silver City, New Mexico. The letterhead shows "Cor. E. Goldsmith & Co." with B. Weisl and Cor. E. Goldsmith listed. The letter concerns a banking matter.

A half-page letter written by Wickliffe E. Baldwin in New York City on July 27, 1851 (possibly 1852) to Charles Tobias in New Orleans. Baldwin writes on behalf of his brother Horace, thanking Tobias for a kind note and informing him that the business is now under Baldwin's control. Horace E. Baldwin & Co. was previously known as Taylor, Baldwin and Co., based in Newark, NJ, before relocating to New Orleans in 1842. Baldwin appears to have remained in New Orleans until 1853.

Two-page letter written by Wickliffe E. Baldwin in Newark, New Jersey, to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 10, 1853. The letter discusses plans for dissolving a business.

One-page letter written by Wickliffe E. Baldwin in Newark, New Jersey to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on January 7, 1853. The letter discusses insurance renewals.

One-page letter written by Wickliffe E. Baldwin in Newark, New Jersey, to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 8, 1853. The letter discusses questions regarding an invoice for guns and the estate of H.E.B.

A letter written by William Frank of the Frankstown Glass Works in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, on June 20, 1868. The letter concerns enclosed invoices and a bill of lading.

This letter, written in German and English, is from William Frank of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to the Jewish firm of Jacobs & Meyer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated July 19, 1847, it concerns a three-hundred-dollar draft. The letter is significant as it's the earliest known correspondence from William Frank, a pioneer of Pittsburgh's Jewish community.

A one-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London, England on June 29, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter provides an update on a shipment in progress, including details.

One-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London on July 6, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter confirms an order and requests insurance.

One-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London, England, on June 22, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter provides an update on a shipment in progress, including details.

A letter written by William Vernon on September 9, 1747, in Newport, Rhode Island. The letter pertains to the collection of a debt owed on a note previously referenced in another letter from this folio. The recipients are Abraham, Israel, and Nathan Nathan.

A commercial letter dated October 9, 1845, from William Wilson & Sons in Baltimore, Maryland, to Hendricks & Bros. in New York, New York. The letter discusses a copper order. The letter is a stampless folded letter postmarked 10/9/1845 with a 5-cent rate from Baltimore, MD to New York, NY.

A letter dated June 19, 1878, from the tobacco merchants Wise & Bendheim, located at 121 Bowery, New York City, to Dickson & White. The letter concerns a bank deposit and mentions the firm's predecessors, M. M. Welzhofer.

A commercial letter from the stock brokerage firm Zadig, Wollberg & Co., located at 306 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California, to J. R. Hofer in Carson City, Nevada, dated July 20, 1888. The letter pertains to a financial transaction, possibly a buy slip.

Autograph letter signed by Zalma Rehine to Isaac Leeser. Written in Baltimore, Maryland on December 19, 1836, the letter concerns business matters. The letter was sent to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A letter written on Pinto Leite & Nephews letterhead, introducing Mayer Sulzberger. The letter was sent from an illegible sender to an illegible recipient in London, England on June 26, 1880.

Letter written on a billhead from Mayer, Siegfried; Lowenstein, Leopold; Mayer, Gabriel; and Mayer, Bernard, dated February 10, 1868. The billhead indicates their business address as 80 Beekman Street, New York, New York. The letter includes a revenue stamp. The recipient of the letter is unknown.

Letter on a billhead from Samuel Westheimer to Andrew Maichal & Co. in Walkerville, Montana, dated April 23, 1891. The letter, originating from St. Joseph, Missouri, notes that "NO BUSINESS TRANSACTED ON SATURDAY." The note "NOTED ON 20.14" and a reference to "MILK GLASS LIQUOR BOTTLES BY SAME DEALER IN COLLECTION" are also included. The letter is described as having good graphics. The item is part of the 'E' Collection in Archives Manuscript 56, Box 14, Folder 8.

A letter written on the verso of a printed broadside detailing prices in New Orleans. The letter, dated September 1, 1842, was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to Belmont, referencing dealings with Rothschild's Bank. The broadside itself is the New Orleans Price-Current, Commercial Intelligence, and Merchant's Transcript.

Envelope addressed to Henry Meyer in Gottinge, Germany, dated February 2, 1898. The letter mentions Henry Seesel, who fought in the Mexican War and wrote a book about his experiences. The letter also mentions that in 1874, Albert Seesel became a business partner, and that a family-owned chain of supermarkets was built which was sold to a large corporation in 1996. The address on the envelope is 139 Main Street.

This archival collection consists of a letter, two envelopes, and an advertising insert from S. F. Myers & Co., a New York-based company. The letter, dated February 29, 1888, was sent to Henry Haggy in West Virginia. One envelope, postmarked February 29, 1888, shows the return address of S. F. Myers & Co. in New York. The other envelope is undated. The advertising insert features an image of the company's trademark and its address at 48 & 50 Maiden Lane, New York, New York. The materials suggest a business correspondence between S. F. Myers & Co. and Henry Haggy.

This letter, dated January 3, 1827, is from the U.S. Navy and verifies a payment of $7,465 (approximately $145,745 in today's value) to S. I. Isaacs & Sons Copper Co. in New York City. The payment was for squares and rounds of copper used in repairing sloops of war. The letter is written on official letterhead. [Hendricks & Isaacs, founded by S. I. Isaacs' brother-in-law, established the Soho Copper Refinery in Soho, New Jersey.] The images show both the front and back of the letter; the back shows additional notation and possibly related correspondence.

A business letter written on ornate letterhead from Hexter, May & Co., importers of stoves and metals, located at 124 & 126 Front Street in Portland, Oregon, dated December 4, 1890. The letter is addressed to J. Shields & Co. and references a previous communication regarding "pipe elbows" that were to be forwarded. The letterhead features a detailed, ornate Victorian-style design with the company name and business type prominently displayed, framed by decorative scrollwork and a central emblem, typical of commercial printing of the late 19th century.

Letterhead from Hamburger Brothers, scrap dealers, dated March 18, 1898, from Boston, Massachusetts. The letterhead is part of the collection Ms. Coll. 1410, M, Box 6, Folder 50.

Incomplete letter on the letterhead of the New Hazel Hotel in Newport, Arkansas, dated August 8, 1897. The letterhead features the hotel's name and likely its address. The surviving portion suggests a business communication.

Three letters, dated June 28, 1841, concerning the sale of wines and champagnes at auction in New York and Philadelphia. The correspondence involves noted Jewish merchants Joseph Moss and E. S. Moss, and is addressed to T. I. Tobias. The letters discuss shipments, sales, and issues with the quality of the wines and champagnes.

A one-page printed circular (broadside) announcing the formation of the business partnership Levy & Colgate in New York City on February 1, 1837. The circular details their business in drugs, dye-stuffs, paints, oils, etc. The broadside was mailed as a folded letter to John L. Thompson in Troy, New York, bearing a New York postmark and manuscript rate.

Full-color lithographed envelope from Jacoby & Hess, Western Agency, located at 49.51 Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. The envelope dates from November 2, 1893. The description indicates it is an "outstanding" example of envelope lithography.

A one-page manuscript letter, measuring 7 x 12.5 inches, written in Newport, Rhode Island on December 7, 1773. Aaron Lopez writes to Captain Brotherton Daggett, captain of the sloop *Two Brothers*, providing instructions for the disposal of cargo at Cape Fear, North Carolina, and the collection of a debt from Colonel William Dry. The letter includes specific instructions for negotiating payment for a promissory note and emphasizes the importance of securing payment. An additional manuscript note added at the lower left suggests a strategy for obtaining payment from Colonel Dry.

Letter dated July 26, 1867, from W. C. Lobenstein in Leavenworth, Kansas, to the Singer Manufacturing Company, ordering sewing accessories. The letter may have been extracted from a letter book.

Post office receipt from B. Lowenstein & Co. in Mora, New Mexico to F. Rosenwald & Co. in Las Vegas, New Mexico, dated February 7, 1883. The receipt documents a financial transaction between the two companies.

Postal return confirmation slip documenting a transaction between L. H. Hershfield & Bro. in Helena, Montana, and the Merchants Bank of Canada in Montreal, dated June 27, 1881. The document shows the confirmation of the return of a postal item.

Postcard written by Max B. Goldenberg to Henry Levy, c/o Charles Ilfeld, concerning a merchandise order. The postcard was sent circa 1885 from Las Cruces, New Mexico, and Las Vegas, New Mexico.

Postcard dated April 30, 1898, from Gustav Frank & Co. in New York City, announcing the dissolution of the Tariff Association and the consequent ability to offer lower insurance rates. The message is written on the back of the postcard.

Postcard from the Paris office of Kohn, Adler & Co. announcing the shipment of pattern bonnets and novelties to their Philadelphia house for an opening on September 6, 1887. The postcard mentions the shipment of 'Pattern Bonnets and Novelties' to their Philadelphia House.

Printed circular in letter form dated January 15, 1891, from Thomas Feres appointing Strauss/Sachs as the sole agents in the USA for their brushes. The circular originates from 355 & 357 Broadway, New York, New York. This item is a broadside and should be considered in conjunction with a related piece (see prior item for sister piece).

A printed circular in the form of a letter announcing the opening of Strauss, Sachs & Co. at 355 & 357 Broadway in New York, New York. Issued on February 1, 1891. The circular is a broadside.

This archival record contains two items: a printed return address broadside for Kolasky & Ober, dealers in clothing, gents' furnishing goods, boots, and shoes in New York, NY, dated April 8, 1873; and an envelope from Abrams, N. & Brother in Granville, NY, dated July 7, 1893. The broadside advertises clothing and footwear. The envelope provides a glimpse into business correspondence practices.

Printed return address envelope with the address 600-606 Chestnut Street, Ledger Building. The envelope is dated January 1, 1903. The names Albert J. Bamberger, Julius J. Bamberger, and Julius C. Levi are associated with this envelope.

Printed return address envelope postmarked Las Vegas, New Mexico and sent to Joe Harberg, Esq. in Mora, New Mexico. The envelope features the return address of E. Rosenwald & Son. The postmark date is January 1, 1903.

A return envelope from the G. Cohn Company, located at 206-208 Battery Street, San Francisco, California. The envelope is dated 1890 and marked as a duplicate.

This archival object is a return envelope from the G. Cohn Company, located at 206-208 Battery Street in San Francisco, California. The envelope dates from 1890. The envelope's return address is prominently displayed.

A 1 1/2 page, undated letter written September 26, 1847 from Solomon Apfel in Haysville, Kentucky to Emory Low & Co. in Louisville, Kentucky, concerning business problems and delayed payments. The letter offers insight into the business practices of a Jewish immigrant merchant in the 19th century. The letter was mailed from Stephensburg, Kentucky on September 30, 1847.

Shipping record addressed to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, NY, from L. & I.G. Grinnell in New Bedford, MA, dated June 22, 1849. The letter is written on the document. The Hendricks family was in the copper business for five generations until 1918 and were affiliated with the same synagogue for 200 years.

A 1 1/2-page stampless letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on May 5th and 7th, 1838, to his father, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York City. The letter discusses the recent death of M.J. Tobias, plans to visit Uncle Asher in London, and contains business matters.

A two and three-quarters page stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond, Virginia on February 21, 1822. Tobias expresses concern over not receiving balance sheets from Judah and mentions increasing the profit share allocated to his brother, Isaac Tobias, to 50%. This letter was part of a larger collection purchased on January 7, 2013, and is cross-referenced with item 20.1132 in Collectify.

A two-page business letter dated December 4, 1843, from Tobias, M.L. & Co. in England to Henry Tobias. The letter discusses the business's dealings in gold pencils, tin items, and apples. It also mentions difficulties in hiring men and requests 250 prime cigars. A third page, apparently from G.W. Tobias, adds a short update on the business. The letter is addressed to Henry Tobias in New York City, at a Nassau Street address. The Tobias family in England was known for watchmaking; many timepieces were sold through their relative in New York.

A telegraph message sent on August 7, 1878, from B. M. Jacobs in Yuma, Arizona to Marcus Katz. The message, imprinted with the "War Department, Signal Service U.S.A." logo, inquires about news from Lionel. This is one of eight related telegrams sent between April and September 1878, primarily concerning the business dealings of L.M. Jacobs & Co., a Tucson-based mercantile and banking firm. The telegrams detail the transfer of goods and money between Yuma and Tucson.

Telegraph message exchanged between Smith & Stearns and L. M. Jacobs & Co. regarding a wheat transaction. The message, dated December 8, 1876, originated in Phoenix, Arizona and was received in Tucson, Arizona. The content concerns the possibility of a 60-day delay in fulfilling the transaction. The document is a copy of the message received in Tucson.

A brief one-eighth page telegram sent from Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans via the Washington & New Orleans Telegraph Company on January 30, 1851. The message reflects typical concise communication style of telegrams. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, NJ before moving to New Orleans in 1842, where he remained until at least 1853.

Collection of eight telegraph messages sent between Yuma and Tucson, Arizona, between April and September 1878. The messages, primarily from David Neahr to L.M. Jacobs & Co., detail business transactions concerning money transfers, shipping of goods, and railroad cargo. Most messages bear the imprint of the War Department, Signal Service U.S.A. The messages provide insight into the operations of L.M. Jacobs & Co., a prominent Jewish mercantile and banking firm in Tucson.

A collection of ten impression copies of letters on tissue paper, dating from August to December 1815. The letters, mostly addressed to Simpson Samuell, were written from London. The cover is blue paper with "August 2 1815" written in ink. According to *Baillie's Watchmakers & Clockmakers of the World*, Simpson Samuell worked in Liverpool from 1811 to 1820. Found loose in Letter Book 20.1430T; listed in the seller's inventory as #3, with 38 additional leaves.

Collection of three envelopes related to Weil Bros. & Co., a fur trading business. Two envelopes are undated and addressed to the postmaster in Mattawamkeag, Maine, requesting forwarding to trappers. One envelope is dated 1894 and addressed to the postmaster in Silvers Mills, Maine, also for forwarding to trappers. All envelopes are addressed from Fort Wayne, Indiana. The envelopes contain advertising for Weil Bros. & Co.

Three letters written in ink from Nathan Joseph, a San Francisco fishing equipment dealer, to Henry Hall of Hall Fishing Line in Central Valley, NY. Dated February 21, March 8, and March 17, 1881, the letters detail orders for various fishing lines, including oil silk line and hard braided linen. One letter requests that the order be forwarded to Henry Levy & Son in New York City. The correspondence provides insight into the business dealings of early fishing equipment dealers. Note: The collection also contains a canvas fishing pouch with the inscription "EST. 1842..L.LEVY..4 BARCLAY STREET UNDER THE; ASTOR HOUSE...BRANCH STORE #2 VESEY ST...PICTURE OF A FISH..; FISHING TACKLE ..SPORTING GOODS".

Trade card for Strickler & Schwartz, located at 297 Main St. The card provides instructions for saving lives, including how to revive a drowning victim or someone who has been poisoned. The card is circa 1885.

Two letters from Leo Demery of New Orleans to Isaac Leeser, dated December 24, 1850, and January 5, 1851. The letters express Demery's frustration with the irregular delivery of the Occident, a publication edited by Leeser. Demery details his unsuccessful attempts to receive back issues and notes that the publication's unreliability discourages potential subscribers. He mentions contacting Isaac Hart, Leeser's agent, for assistance but was instructed to write Leeser directly, incurring additional postage costs.

Typed letter from Alfred Grunsfeld to Gross in Las Vegas concerning merchandise. Dated June 8, 1897.

Typed letter signed by Jacob H. Schiff on Kuhn, Loeb & Co. letterhead, expressing displeasure towards Sir Julian Goldsmid. Written in New York, New York on September 16, 1889.

This undated letter, written by Nathan A. Cohen to Eliza M. Anderson, discusses a business proposal for Cohen's son. The letter was written from Charleston, South Carolina, and discusses business dealings in Washington, D.C. The letter is stampless and is dated November 10, 1850, based on internal evidence.

Envelope with advertising for Meussdorffer, J. C. & Bros. in San Francisco, California, dated 1872. The envelope was addressed to Meussdorffer, J. C. & Bros. and sent from Virginia City.

An envelope addressed to R. Cohen at 32 & 34 Samsome (?) Street, San Francisco, California, postmarked 1875. The envelope is a commercial item from Wells, Fargo & Co., a prominent 19th-century American express company.

Envelope addressed to Wells, Fargo & Co. at 1015 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, P.O. Box 1164. The date is January 1, 1894.

This archival item consists of a Western Union envelope addressed to J. Binswanger at 436 Franklin Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, circa 1885. The envelope's contents are not specified. The envelope is associated with Moses A. Dropsie, both individuals being noted for their activity in Jewish affairs. The envelope is part of the collection of Judaica Americana and housed at the University of Pennsylvania.