Subject: 19th Century Commerce

Three-page autograph letter written by Clement Hooverman in London, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York on November 18, 1853. The letter discusses wine and appears to be a reintroduction between the two correspondents. The letter measures 7 7/8" x 4".

Bill of lading for a shipment of hogsheads of tobacco and other tobacco products from Bermuda Hundred, Virginia to Le Havre, France. The bill of lading, dated May 1, 1832, was issued by Moses Myers of Norfolk for the estate of Stephen Girard of Philadelphia. The vessel used was the *Elizabeth Smith*. The document measures 5 1/2" x 10 1/4".

A broadside advertisement for dry goods. The obverse features an image of an 1863 Indian Head penny. The reverse displays the advertisement for dry goods located at 280 Main Street. The date is January 1, 1863. The broadside is noted as a duplicate.

Contract between the U.S. Army, represented by Major Henry R. Mizner, and Marcus Katz for the delivery of 36,000 pounds of flour to Camp Lowell, Arizona Territory. The contract, dated December 3, 1877, specifies a price of 5 cents per pound. The document includes multiple signatures and seals, with additional approvals on the reverse. Camp Lowell was a U.S. Army installation near Tucson, Arizona.

Ledger sheet detailing the sales report of Tobias I. Tobias for E. Pollock & Co., care of N. Judah, on May 5, 1821, in Richmond, Virginia. The four-page ledger sheet measures 8" x 10".

A French puzzle card depicting a man holding a runaway horse by the tail. The reverse side features an advertisement for "Leading Hat, Cap, Fur & Gent's Furnishing" located at 60 Main Street. The card dates from January 1, 1882, and is housed in Ms. Coll. 1410, OOS, Box 2, Folder 59. The card's geographic location is approximately 40.620718, -75.378489.

Invoice from Margin Jacobs detailing a shipment of sugar and brandy. The invoice is dated May 9, 1870, and originates from San Juan, Puerto Rico.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York on August 31, 1841. The letter discusses general business news, mentioning buttons, terry silks, and satin.

A three-page, stampless business letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York, dated July 11, 1841. The letter discusses business matters, including collection issues and purchases.

A four and a half page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on February 12, 1839, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details business matters, family news, and plans for Charles's impending trip to America. The letter mentions the recovery of merchandise from a shipwreck, family disputes involving their uncle Asher Levy, and Henry's upcoming marriage to Rosalie Hendricks.

Three-page letter, plus one page of cross-hatching, from Charles Tobias in Rock Ferry, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City, dated May 23, 1841. The letter discusses Sophie's health improvement, business dealings involving purchases for resale, sending samples to Henry, and Charles's view on the upcoming selling season.

A one-page stampless letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on May 23, 1838, to his cousin Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters.

A two-page, stampless letter written by George Tobias in Liverpool, England, on November 7, 1837, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter primarily discusses business matters, mentioning potential market improvements, speculation impacting inventory, and an anticipated price drop after Christmas.

Two-page letter from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated April 27 and May 1, 1838. The letter discusses the appointment of Henry and Charles as agents for their cousins George and Fred Tobias, Henry's hope to receive money from Uncle Asher, a suggestion of a loan from Uriah Hendricks, and the takeover of the family firm by the sons. The letter mentions American papers.

A three-page, stampless letter from Henry Tobias in Manchester, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated November 28, 1841. The letter discusses general business matters, including watches, gold dials, braid, silk, and moleskins.

A copy of a one-page business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Low & Berry in Paris, France on March 20, 1837. The letter is part of a letter book.

A two-page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Manchester, England on January 11, 1836, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the arrival of Mr. Peck's shipment in England and Henry's upcoming travel to London and Paris.

A letter from the J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to their attorney, Jno. S. Ferguson, dated May 24, 1877. The letter, part of a larger archive documenting a legal dispute over a billiard table purchase, references Moses Bensinger as a principal. The letter is illustrated and contained within an illustrated envelope featuring a Centennial Medal.

Letter written by Michael Lazarus to Shubael Hutchins in Providence, Rhode Island, on July 30, 1846, from Charleston, South Carolina. Lazarus expresses disappointment with the price Hutchins received for selling cotton and discusses current market prices.

Three single-page letters dated July 11, 1849, from Solomon & Hart to Reverend Isaac Leeser. The letters discuss an order for silk and damask materials for Torah, bimah, and Ark decorations for a synagogue. The correspondence details the quantities, qualities, and colors of the fabrics ordered, including blue and white satin, crimson and gold brocatelle, and crimson damask. The letters also mention the possibility of returning some materials if they are unsatisfactory. One letter includes a wax seal and a red postmark dated "NEW YORK 11 JULY 5 cts.".

A letter dated June 4, 1847, from Solomon L. Jacobs in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Jacobs, Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter is written in German and features a "NEW ORLEANS/La." postmark and a "10" rate handstamp. The letter is folded and unstamped.

A one-half page, stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond, Virginia on March 24, 1823. The letter pertains to ordinary business matters.

A one-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London, England on June 29, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter provides an update on a shipment in progress, including details.

Insurance policy No. 1105 for the Schooner Harriet, issued by the Newport Insurance Company in Providence, Rhode Island on April 11, 1804. The policy insured the schooner for $1000 and its cargo for $400 for a voyage from North Carolina to the West Indies. The schooner Harriet, a 106-ton vessel built in 1801, was owned by Augustus, Gilbert, and Philip Chase; Philip Chase served as the Master. The policy is printed on hand-laid paper and measures approximately 15 1/2 x 19 inches. The document is signed by Samuel Elam, president of the Newport Insurance Company. The document's authenticity and the possible Jewish heritage of Samuel Elam are subjects of debate.

Broadside listing wholesale prices in New Orleans, Louisiana, dated August 1, 1835. Sent in a stampless cover to New York City with an accompanying letter. Printed by Benjamin Levy, the first Jewish printer in America.

Record of goods transported from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Charleston, South Carolina on October 2, 1878. The document details shipments from various merchants, including whiskey and wine from Nathans Brothers and M. Kuhn & Brother, whiskey from H. J. Myers, and clothing from A. Levy.

Printed and filled-out shipping record from Kaufman Bros. & Bondy, Jewish merchants of New York City, detailing the shipment of goods from Liverpool, England to Edinburgh, Scotland, arriving in the United States on November 6, 1862. The document indicates the port of entry and lists the goods shipped.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of wine from T. I. Tobias in New York to A. Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina, on September 9, 1835. Printed by Solomon H. Jackson at 163 Chatham Street, New York.