Subject: 19th Century America

Boxed set of four rare 1863 Civil War-era Bezique playing card decks manufactured by Lawrence, Cohen & Co. in New York City. Includes two heavy cardboard Bezique counters with metal hands. Most cards are in very good condition, but four have minor damage (dog-eared Aces of Diamonds and Jack of Spades; a tear on the Seven of Clubs; stains and pencil marks on the Ace of Hearts). The deck consists of 126 cards, ranging from seven through ace, with four of each card (a standard Bezique deck). The included box is partially intact. The cards were manufactured by Lawrence, Cohen & Co., a firm that took over the existing card firm of Lewis I. Cohen. This deck is a Bezique deck, a variation of Pinocle.

An American trade card featuring the image of a US eagle. The card is associated with Ph. Carpelés. The date is presumed to be circa 1863 based on the provided metadata.

An American trade card featuring a US eagle. The card is likely from 1863, judging by the date in the metadata. The reverse of the card is not shown. The card's creator, Carpelès, Ph. is mentioned in the metadata.

Autograph letter signed from Zalma Rehine to Isaac Leeser, written in English on April 7, 1836, from Baltimore, Maryland. The letter discusses Rehine's illness, mentions a Mr. Black's positive impression of Leeser, and includes a separate handwritten list of clothing items on the verso.

Black-bordered thank you note from Frances Etting to Horatio Etting, expressing gratitude for a baby cap sent by Horatio. The note is undated, but based on other materials in the collection it is circa 1860. The letter and accompanying envelope are part of the Etting Family Papers.

Newspaper clipping from the *Boston Courier*, April 17, 1841, featuring a description of Passover celebrations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The clipping is from Volume D, Page 2.

Broadside detailing Marcus Ahlenfeld's grievances against John Vance and other Hampshire County, Virginia residents. Issued February 20, 1842, the broadside recounts accusations of malpractice against Ahlenfeld, a German-Jewish immigrant physician, and includes testimonials supporting his credentials and character. Measures 20 x 12 inches.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by W. Hendricks Levy in Charleston, South Carolina, to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York, on February 12, 1843. The letter pertains to the purchase of copper coin.

This collection comprises 24 miscellaneous letters from the Tobias family archive, spanning the years 1843-1865. The letters, written between various members of the Tobias family and their associates, discuss personal and business matters, including family health, shipping, money issues, and general news. Geographic locations mentioned include Liverpool, England; New York, New York; Charleston, South Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Paris, France; and Cheltenham, England. Addresses mentioned in the letters include Board Street, New York, NY; 29 Nassau Street, New York, NY; Bleecker Street, New York, NY; Broad Street, New York, NY; and 38 Harley Street, London, England. The collection provides insight into the lives and business dealings of a Jewish merchant family in the mid-19th century.

This collection comprises eleven letters addressed to Mayer Sulzberger between 1876 and 1886. The correspondents include family members, business associates, and friends, offering insights into Sulzberger's personal and professional life. Topics covered range from family matters and travel plans to business dealings and financial transactions. Several letters are written in Yiddish, while others are in English, German, and French. The collection also includes a postal order from the German International Post and letterhead from M. Muhr's Sons, Manufacturing Jewelers and Watchcase Makers, 629-631 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA and the Grand Hotel Mombrun & Du Casino, Vichy, France. The letters provide a glimpse into the daily life and social network of a prominent Philadelphia figure during the late 19th century. One letter from Samuel Hirsch is written on letterhead from 635 North 7th Street, Philadelphia, PA.

This court document, written and signed by P. H. Heinrich, Notary, on May 22, 1867, is part of an ongoing series of documents concerning a payment to David Wolff. The documents relate to a note dated February 19, 1867, for $3033.20, due May 19, 1867, from Henry Nathan. The document includes endorsements from H. Sessel, Lyons Fies & Co., and David Wolff for the German Savings Institution.

Four-page debt instrument, both printed and handwritten, executed in New Orleans, Louisiana on March 13, 1839. Relates to Captain Israel Barret's paid note. Signed by Marks, Joseph | Marks, Isaac D. | Ricardo, Daniel I. | Barret, Israel Capt. and Joseph Benzaken Marks as Notary Public. Although executed in New Orleans, the parties involved appear to be from South Carolina Jewish families.

A letter dated March 4, 1861, demanding payment from the Bank of Savannah. The letter was written by H. M. Cohen and sent from Americus, Georgia. The letter also references Winfrey & Holman. The original letter and envelope with a stamp are included in this archival record.

This archival collection contains three items: two envelopes and an advertisement. The first envelope is addressed to S. Rosenbaum & Son at 227 6th Street in Louisville, Kentucky, and postmarked December 17, 1883. The second envelope is addressed to Rosenbaum Brothers in Louisville, Kentucky and postmarked February 17, 1884. A separate advertisement for the American Cigar Company, featuring Philip Whitlock, is dated 1886. The envelopes show business relationships in Louisville, Kentucky and Derby, Indiana, and the advertisement provides insight into the tobacco industry of the time.

An article titled 'The Jews in America' by Alfred Trumble, extracted from Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly, volume 4, number 2, August 1877, published in New York by Frank Leslie's Publishing House. The article, featuring illustrations of Jewish rituals and customs, aims to present American Jewish life to a non-Jewish audience.

A 5" x 2 1/8" clear glass bottle with a paper label reading "W.H. Cohen & Co." The label is black ink on the bottle, which appears to be used for food. The bottle is in excellent condition, showing no chips or cracks; it features a tooled lip. Circa 1880. Found in Objects Box 3, Arc.MS.56.

Issue of Harper's Weekly newspaper published in New York, New York on February 18, 1882. This issue features an article and accompanying illustration about Russian exiles arriving in New York City.

Partial ledger sheet recording expenses, including a $65 loan to Simon Gratz. The single-page document is dated circa 1800. Simon Gratz (1773-1839) was the eldest surviving son of Michael and Miriam Gratz.

Issue of Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper from May 10, 1856, featuring a notable print and article on Mordecai Manuel Noah. The article provides a biographical account of Noah's life and career, including his work as a newspaper publisher. Published in New York.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The envelope, postmarked June 26, 1886, features advertising for I. Scheier & Son, the Plattsburgh Cigar Factory (established 1863), and the depot for Rochester Brewing & Excelsior Lager. The envelope's address indicates it was sent from Plattsburgh, New York, to Ripton, Vermont. The letter itself is not fully transcribed in the available metadata, but it references the Congregation Beth Israel in Plattsburgh, founded April 27, 1865, and lists Rabbi Jacob Lubin among its leadership.

Letter book containing 290 letters of commercial correspondence, primarily between Tobias & Co. and David Judah, spanning from May 21, 1825, to September 10, 1830. The letters detail Jewish mercantile activities in Richmond, Virginia, and include information about David Judah's bankruptcy in 1827 and his subsequent move to Baltimore. The book also includes copies of letters written by David Judah to Tobias & Co., newspaper clippings on tariffs circa 1825, and correspondence with other Jewish merchants such as Levy & Solomon, Block & Co., J.B. Seixas, and Louis Gomez. The earliest commercial document from David Judah in the Tobias Archive is dated June 9, 1821. An advertisement for a Jewish-owned business in Richmond, featuring David Judah, Edward Pollack, and Tobias I. Tobias, is included from the *Richmond Enquirer* dated July 5, 1822. The book has red pasteboard covers and 168 pages. Acquired January 7, 2013.

This four-page letter, written circa 1848, is addressed to Mathilda Samuel Cohen in Fort Hamilton, New York, from "R.P." in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Undated, but stylistically similar to other letters in the collection addressed to Mrs. Henry Cohen from various relatives. The letter contains detailed family information. This archive provides insight into the daily life of a prominent Philadelphia Jewish family. The letter is part of an archive of six letters written to Mrs. Henry Cohen; it is of particular interest as the University of Pennsylvania holds the Cohen family archives, but is absent the early personal letters as found in this collection. Interestingly there is no mention of the Mexican-American War. Henry Cohen arrived in Philadelphia from London in 1843 and established a successful envelope manufacturing business. He married Mathilda Samuel (of the prominent Samuel family of Liverpool) in 1844. The Cohens maintained close ties with prominent London Jewish families, including the Aguilars. Both were leaders in the Philadelphia Jewish community.

Commercial letter written by Abraham Hart, a leading Jewish figure and president of Mikveh Israel, to R. Bacon in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 18, 1865.

A stampless business letter dated February 13, 1845, from Abraham Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses business matters, including a reference to a $500 check and mentions a delay in mail delivery. Abraham Tobias was a prominent Charleston merchant and civic leader.

A free franked letter, dated March 23, 1852, sent from an unidentified public official in Washington, D.C., to Col. Mendes I. Cohen in Baltimore, Maryland. The letter's content appears to be of a political nature, referencing a 'delegate'.

A single-page letter dated March 21, 1851, from Andrew Boyd of Frederick, Maryland, to J. I. Cohen, Jr., President of the Baltimore Fire Insurance Company in Baltimore, Maryland. Boyd writes on behalf of Samuel Snider, requesting a change of address on Snider's insurance policy due to a recent move.

Two-page letter written in German on May 20, 1842, from August Belmont in New York City to his brother-in-law, Stephan Feist, in London. Belmont, a prominent banker and U.S. chargé d'affaires, discusses personal matters with Feist, the husband of Belmont's sister.

This archival item consists of a letter and envelope dated November 27, 1885, from August Belmont, Jr. to Mr. Thayer. The letter was sent from Belmont, New York. The letter is part of a larger collection documenting the life and career of August Belmont Sr., a prominent American financier born in Alzey, Prussia in 1813 to a Jewish family. Belmont Sr. immigrated to New York City in 1837, becoming a representative of the Rothschild banking house. He established August Belmont & Company, played a significant role in American finance, and actively supported the Union cause during the Civil War. This letter from his son, August Belmont Jr., offers insight into the family's continued involvement in finance and business in the late 19th century.

A one-page letter, approximately 8-1/4" x 7-1/4", dated December 27, 1843, from David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses a business matter involving a draft for three hundred dollars and mentions future account statements. The letter has a Charleston, S.C. postmark and a manuscript "25" rate.

A one-page letter written by David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on September 4, 1840. Levy requests Tobias forward a letter to Bordeaux, France, and discusses the business of selling port wine, gin, and champagne. He also expresses condolences on the death of Tobias's daughter-in-law.

A one-page letter written by David Carvalho from New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia on December 5, 1850. The letter concerns prayer books ordered from Leeser. Carvalho identifies himself as the brother of S. N. Carvalho.

A letter dated February 28, 1842, from David I. Cohen to Elie Beatty, cashier of the Hagerstown Bank in Hagerstown, Maryland. The letter discusses an exchange of bank notes, with Cohen acknowledging receipt of $100 in Williamsport and Westminster Bank bills in exchange for bills on the Hagerstown Bank. This is the only correspondence in the collection by David I. Cohen, who was the brother of Jacob I. Cohen Jr. and died at age 47.

A one-page letter dated December 13, 1830, from David Judah and Zalma Rehine in Baltimore, Maryland to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Judah discusses closing his castor oil business and requests Leeser to inform Solomon Levy. Rehine's note mentions unfavorable business dealings with Mr. Jacobs and sends greetings to the Pixiotto family. The letter offers insight into Jewish commercial activities and challenges in the early 19th century. Additional notes discuss the context of this letter within a larger collection of correspondence between Leeser and Judah and Rehine, highlighting a significant gap in their communication and suggesting family connections. The description also includes information about Zalma Rehine's role in the Baltimore Jewish community and a reference to an advertisement from the Richmond Enquirer (July 5, 1822) featuring a Jewish-owned business.

A commercial letter written by David Judah to E. Pollock & Co. on March 30, 1823, in Richmond, Virginia. The letter pertains to commerce between the two associates. The letter was sent from Richmond, Virginia to New York, New York.

Letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Edward Pollock & Co. in New York, New York, dated November 27, 1822. The letter pertains to commercial dealings between the two parties and references D. Hart. A stampless cover from Richmond is included.

This archival item is a letter written by David Judah to Edward Pollock on March 11, 1823, in Richmond, Virginia. The letter pertains to commerce and reflects the close business relationship between Judah and Pollock. The letter was sent without a stamp. David Judah was an auctioneer who dealt in slaves. An advertisement for a Jewish-owned business in Richmond, featuring David Judah, Edward Pollock, and Tobias L. Tobias, appeared in the Richmond Enquirer on July 5, 1822.

Two-page letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Isaac Leeser in Baltimore, Maryland on January 17, 1826. Judah discusses business commissions, a trip down the James River to Norfolk, and travel plans to Philadelphia. The letter provides details of Judah's activities and social interactions, offering insights into daily life in the early 19th century.

A one-page business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on October 27, 1825. The letter discusses the shipment of tea and stout and requests that Tobias & Co. cease business dealings with a certain Jones, deemed too difficult.

Two-page business letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated January 27, 1824. The letter discusses business sales and includes personal details about family, supper, and drink. The letter shows damage.

Two-page business letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated October 1, 1824. The letter discusses business sales, personal matters, and includes a prayer request.

One-page letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, dated August 8, 1823. The letter discusses business matters and family news, with Judah expressing concern about not hearing from Tobias.

A one-page, stampless letter written by E. Ostrander on February 8, 1848, from Troy, New York. Addressed to Mr. Samuel Campbell Esq., 11 Wall Street, New York. The letter discusses a financial matter, mentioning a previous judgment and the need to recover funds. The letter bears a circular date stamp indicating "TROY N.Y. 9 FEB 5 cts."

Stampless letter sent from George Barstows in Portsmouth, New Hampshire to N. Moses in Amherst, Massachusetts, on October 18, 1844, accepting a speaking engagement. The letter is housed in the University of Pennsylvania Library's collection of Judaica Americana.

A one-page stampless letter, measuring approximately 7-5/8" x 9-1/2", dated July 12, 1825, from H. Burts, Cashier of the Hartford Bank, to Harmon Hendricks in New York City. The letter discusses the enclosure of 100 shares of United States Bank stock as payment on a note and includes a list of U.S. Bank stock holders held at the Hartford Bank, notably including Aaron L. Gomez and Seixas Nathan. The letter also mentions Henry L. Ellsworth.

A one-half page commercial letter, written in English, from H. Fuhrman & Co. in Delphi, Indiana to Jacobs Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 18, 1848. The letter discusses business matters, including a draft for $1000 to James Speas at Tweedy & Coulter in New York. It is part of a series of correspondence between Jewish merchants and Jacobs & Mayer (located at 215 1/2 Market Street, Philadelphia).

A letter written by Harmon Hendricks to H. A. Perkins in New York, New York on April 7, 1830. The letter concerns a debt and mentions Hendricks's involvement in the copper import business. The letter is stampless and originates from Hartford.

A one and one-half page stampless letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on January 22, 1851. The letter discusses the poor financial state of Baldwin & Co. and an agreement to communicate via telegraph every Saturday. Horace E. Baldwin was a partner in Taylor, Baldwin and Co. in Newark, New Jersey before relocating to New Orleans in 1842, and apparently remained there until 1853.

Autograph letter signed by Horace E. Baldwin, written in New York City on May 10, 1851, to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana. Baldwin discusses his health, business prospects, and travel plans. The letter provides insights into business conditions and personal matters in mid-19th century America.

A two-page letter written by Horace E. Baldwin in New York City to Charles Tobias in New Orleans on May 6, 1851. Baldwin discusses his health, his move from a medical practice in Newark to one in New York City, and the need to reach a new agreement with Tobias. He suggests Tobias visit New Orleans.

A two-page letter written by I. Levinson of Cincinnati, Ohio to W. B. Hackenberg of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 7, 1868. Levinson disputes a $25.00 bill from the estate of Isaac Leeser, relating to the Occident and American Jewish Advocate. A handwritten note by Hackenberg on the second page suggests a partial payment.

A letter written by Isaac A. Isaacs from Union Hall, Cleveland, Ohio, on May 16, 1864, addressed to the Singer Manufacturing Company. The letter's content is partially legible, referencing 'great liho' among other unclear words.

Four-page letter from Isaac Hart in New Orleans, Louisiana to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated November 26, 1856. Hart expresses sympathy for Leeser's lack of appreciation and discusses the growing influence of other Jewish publications. This letter provides insight into the personal challenges faced by Leeser and the development of Jewish life in New Orleans.

A three-page letter written by Isaac Leeser to Solomon Nunes Carvalho on August 23, 1852, discussing details of local events and offering advice on handling attacks against Leeser in the *Asmonean*, a Jewish periodical. The letter highlights Leeser's involvement in religious controversies and the support he received from his friends.

A half-sheet letter from I. (Isaac) Lewis, a wholesale and retail dealer in dry goods, boots, shoes, hats, and clothing in Jefferson, Texas, to E. C. Bailey in Boston, Massachusetts, dated April 2, 1877. The letter concerns a money draft payment. The letter shows old folds and a 1.5-inch cut in the top left corner, but the content is intact.

Letter written by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise from Albany, New York, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 22, 1851. The letter pertains to an order of 24 books.

A one-page letter, approximately 7-7/8" x 9-3/4", written in German and English, from Isaac Wolf in Fort Wayne, Indiana to Jacobs, Mayers & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 29, 1847. The letter discusses business matters, mentions other Jewish individuals, and includes a Fort Wayne, Indiana cds postmark. A small area of paper loss is present on the address panel.

A one and one-quarter page letter, written in German with a translation, from Isidor Bush in St. Louis, Missouri to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 6, 1857. Bush requests Leeser to review an article and includes personal commentary.

Autograph letter signed by Jacob I. Cohen to Elie Beatty, dated August 21, 1820. Written from Baltimore, Maryland, the letter discusses the transmittal of a check and notes the failure of the Central Bank of Georgetown & Washington. The letter is franked "p paid JIC Jr."

Autograph letter signed by Jacob I. Cohen, Jr. to Elie Beatty, Esq., Cashier of the Hagerstown Bank, Hagerstown, Maryland, dated September 3, 1822. The letter, written from Baltimore, Maryland, concerns financial matters and is historically significant in the context of Jacob I. Cohen Jr.'s efforts to overturn Maryland's discriminatory Christian Test Act.

This letter, dated August 8, 1848, is from John Belton O'Neall, Chief Justice of the South Carolina Court, to Isaac Leeser, editor of *The Occident*, in Philadelphia. O'Neall addresses concerns raised by the Jewish community regarding his opinion in the case *City Council vs. Benjamin*. This case involved alleged slander by the Charleston city council and revolved around the interpretation and application of the 'Blue Laws'. O'Neall defends his statement that he knows "no other standard of good morals" than Christianity, clarifying that this reference encompassed the entirety of the Bible, not just the New Testament. The letter demonstrates the intersection of legal proceedings, religious interpretations, and social prejudices against the Jewish community in 19th-century America.

One-page, stampless letter concerning legal matters from Joseph Jacobs of the firm Jacob Levi & Jacobs in New York City to Henry Myer Phillips in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated March 6, 1855.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Joseph L. Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City on August 18, 1846. Joseph requests that Henry purchase coils of rope, specifying dimensions, and sends regards to Henry's wife.

A two-page letter from Judah Touro in New Orleans, Louisiana to David Hart in New York City, dated September 1, 1835. Touro discusses problems with a runaway slave. Hart was a long-time friend and business associate of Touro. Letters with personal content from Touro are extremely rare.

A letter dated October 25, 1848, from L. Elias (per P.S. Jacobs) in Columbia, South Carolina, to Jacobs & Meyer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses a request for Torah portion books ("Parasha books") and a discrepancy in a prior merchandise bill. The letter also mentions business dealings and financial matters.

A one-page letter (4.5" x 8") written by L. J. Sylvester in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Tobias I. Tobias on December 1, 1852. The letter concerns an order for a chest of black tea to be delivered via Adams.

A one-page stampless letter, approximately 7-1/2" x 9-1/2", dated July 11, 1825, written by Lucius Levy Solomons in Albany, New York, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City. Solomons, writing on behalf of his father, Levy Solomons, returns a note from Mr. Gilfert, explaining an unsuccessful attempt to collect payment and declining further involvement in the matter. The letter includes an "ALBANY" cds and a manuscript "12-1/2" rate.

A letter dated July 29, 1834, from M. Isaacson in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. Isaacson discusses closing his fur business and seeking new employment as a fur manufacturer, merchant, clerk, bookkeeper, or salesman. He mentions a Cohen in Philadelphia, offering insight into a Jewish self-help network.

A letter dated March 24, 1848, from Mark D. Clark to Col. Seaborn Jones in Columbus, Georgia. Clark suggests that Jones investigate old records and speak with prominent Savannah residents (Minis, DeLyon, Sheftalls, Copes, Eppinger, and Farins) to shed light on an estate matter.

Two-page letter written by Mayer Sulzberger on his letterhead (6th & Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) to Simon Muhr on May 31, 1880. The letter, part of a set of eight, was written while Muhr was traveling abroad. The content includes commentary on political investment.

Commercial letter from Mendel, Rosenberger & Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to G. Gunby Jordan in Columbus, Georgia, dated July 17, 1884. The letter pertains to financial matters.

A commercial letter dated November 21, 1848, sent from Messick & Towne to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York. The letter discusses the copper trade, highlighting Hendricks & Brothers' role as a major copper importer in the USA and a significant supplier to the U.S. Navy and Paul Revere. The letter is stampless and originates from an arsenal in Philadelphia.

A letter written by Michael Nesbet to T. I. Tobias on August 27, 1835, from New York City. The letter contains both personal and business matters, and references Nesbet's involvement in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nesbet. This is one of three letters exchanged between the two men in August 1835.

A 2 1/2 page stampless letter dated April 12, 1854, from Moses Angel, Head Master of the Jewish Free School in London, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia. Angel inquires whether Leeser can provide a certificate of circumcision for Isaac John Crawcour, born January 9, 1835, and circumcised February 8, 1835, in Philadelphia.

A one-page letter dated January 5, 1855, from Moses Cohen Mordecai in Charleston, South Carolina, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Mordecai declines Leeser's request for financial assistance for Reinah Judah, citing family obligations and questioning the extent of Judah's need. This letter provides insight into the personal and financial circumstances of various individuals within the Jewish community in the mid-19th century United States.

A one-page letter dated August 3, 1862, from N. Kahn to Isadore Binswanger in Hagerstown, Maryland. Kahn requests that Binswanger place an advertisement for a Hebrew teacher in the Occident, offering an annual salary of $300. The letter provides a glimpse into the early Jewish community of Hagerstown and its efforts to secure religious leadership. Information from the Congregation B'nai Abraham's website suggests that the Jewish community in Hagerstown held services intermittently between 1840 and 1875, often utilizing the Presbyterian Church on South Potomac Street. This illustrates the early interfaith cooperation in the area. The letter is part of a larger collection reflecting the early history of the Jewish community in Hagerstown, Maryland.

A one-page letter written by Nicholas Biddle from Frankford, Pennsylvania, to Thomas Wilson in New Orleans, Louisiana on July 29, 1826. The letter discusses the protested notes of S. Gratz & Brothers and Samuel Hays, informing Wilson of their failure. The letter measures 8" x 12" and includes an integral address leaf. Expected folds and toning are present, along with a V-notch in the address leaf that does not affect the text. The letter is in very good condition.

Business letter from the Philadelphia and Atlanta Wine and Liquor Co. in Atlanta, Georgia, to Moses Aaron Dropsie in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated May 27, 1870. The letter concerns a suit that Dropsie declines to represent.

A one-page letter written by Raphael J. De Cordova on September 25, 1868, from New York, New York, to Mr. Lockport in Lockport, New York. De Cordova refuses a request to alter the financial terms of a lecture.

Four-page letter written on June 17, 1829, by Rebecca (1778-1864) and Sally Moses (1787-1859) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Sarah Ann Minis Hays in Savannah, Georgia. The letter discusses personal matters and expresses regret that Sarah will not be joining them in Philadelphia for the summer. Provides insight into the lives of this prominent Northern Jewish family and their Southern relatives.

Four-page letter dated August 22, 1830, from Rebecca Gratz and Miriam Gratz Moses to Maria Gist Gratz in Lexington, Kentucky. Rebecca Gratz's portion details family matters and a trip to West Point, Saratoga Springs, and New York City. Miriam Gratz Moses's portion continues the correspondence on the letter flaps.

A handwritten letter from Reinah Judah to Isaac Leeser, dated November 3, 1859, in Baltimore, Maryland. Judah describes her difficult circumstances, including financial hardship and cold weather, and requests assistance from Leeser. The letter expresses affection and concern for Leeser's well-being.

Autograph letter written by Richea Gratz Hays to Rebecca Gratz on September 28, 1799. The letter was written from Bloomfield, New Jersey, and addressed to Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The letter is notable for its discussion of Richea Gratz Hays being one of the first American Jewish women to attend college (Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, PA).

A one-page letter from S. M. Isaac in New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, dated April 10, 1848 (Hebrew year 5609). The letter requests further details for Attorney Mr. Morrison regarding Leeser's litigation against Mr. Solomon. The letter includes some Hebrew text.

A letter written by Samuel Westheimer of St. Joseph, Missouri, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, on November 23, 1885. The letter is written on illustrated letterhead and mentions that no business is transacted on Saturdays. The letterhead features a graphic and the company's name.

An eight by nine and a half inch, four-page letter written circa 1840 by Sarah Ann Minis (Sally) Hays to her mother-in-law, Richa Gratz Hays, sent by train. The letter contains personal family details. Her children, Frank and Henrietta, also added notes to their grandmother. Richa Gratz Hays was the sister of Rebecca Gratz.

A four-page letter written circa 1830 by Sarah Ann Mordecai in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to her mother, Richea Gratz Hays, in Baltimore, Maryland. The letter discusses personal matters and mentions Purim and the Book of Esther. The letter offers insight into the lives of this prominent military family; Sarah's aunt was Rebecca Gratz.

A one-page letter, approximately 8" x 9-7/8", dated October 17, 1831, from Simeon Dreyfous in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Joseph L. Tillinghast in Providence, Rhode Island. Dreyfous discusses a legal issue involving Hyman M. Hart, suggesting that Hart's deposition be taken in New Orleans due to his impending departure.

Letter from Simeon N. Leo, an insurance, note, and exchange broker in New York City, to Isaac Leeser, editor of The Occident, in Philadelphia. Dated February 8, 1864, the letter includes a ticket to a fundraiser at Niblo's Saloon to benefit an asylum for aged and infirm Jews. Leo requests a free advertisement in The Occident for the event.

A letter written by Simon Novitzky to G. L. Kingsley on February 10, 1874. The letter was sent via Wells Fargo & Co. and traveled between Red Bluff and Grass Valley, California.

A letter written by Solomon Moses to Harman Hendricks in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 19, 1828. The letter pertains to copper and other business matters. Solomon Moses was active in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (sister of Rebecca Gratz). He received his business training in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City.

A one-page letter written by Solomon Nunes Carvalho to Isaac Leeser on October 15, 1851, from Charleston, South Carolina. Carvalho details his incapacitation due to a boil, apologizes for delayed correspondence, relays a book order, and concludes due to his illness. This letter is one of five in the collection showcasing the correspondence between these two prominent figures in the American Jewish community.

A one-and-a-half-page letter from Solomon Nunes Carvalho to Isaac Leeser, dated September 2, 1852, in Charleston, South Carolina. Carvalho discusses an interpretation of Maimonides for a proposed article in *The Occident* and offers opinions on other scholarly articles sent to Leeser. The letter was written shortly before Carvalho embarked on the Frémont Western Expedition.

A commercial letter, likely written by Tobias I. Tobias to David Judah, discussing business affairs involving Edward Pollock & Co., David Judah & Co., and T. I. Tobias & Co. The letter was written from an unknown location, likely New York, to Richmond, Virginia, on April 1, 1823.

A letter dated December 10, 1845, from T. I. Tobias in New York City to his son, Henry Tobias, in Liverpool, England. The letter discusses Henry's health, the writer's financial difficulties, the impact of President Polk's message, and cautions against short-term borrowing. It also includes a two-page copy of an attorney's expenses related to the will of Asher Levy (June/July 1838).

A one-page stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond, Virginia on April 16, 1823. The letter discusses ordinary business matters.

A two and three-quarters page letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond on February 21, 1822. Tobias expresses concern over the lack of received balance sheets from Judah and notes an increase in the profit share allocated to his brother, Isaac Tobias, to 50%.

One-page letter written by Wickliffe E. Baldwin in Newark, New Jersey to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on January 7, 1853. The letter discusses insurance renewals.

A one-page letter written by Zalma Rehine from Baltimore, Maryland, on January 15, 1833, to Isaac and Jacob Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter offers advice and encouragement to Jacob, who had recently immigrated to America, urging him to learn English and conduct himself well in business. It also mentions potential business contacts for Jacob. This letter provides insight into family relationships and the experiences of early Jewish immigrants in the United States.

One-page letter written by Zalma Rehine from Warrenton, Virginia to his nephew, Isaac Leeser, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 24, 1839. Rehine describes his vacation with his ailing wife at the Barkley Springs resort, detailing the cost and amenities. A sketch is included on the blank page of the letter.

A personal letter addressed to Harriet M. Isaacs in New York, New York, dated September 16, 1821. The letter mentions a steamboat trip and suggests the writer was a personal acquaintance of Isaacs.

Lithograph depicting Isaac D'Young's fancy store in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This print is from a book which may represent the earliest known use of lithography in the United States. The image shows the earliest known visual representation of a Jewish-owned store in the USA. Date of creation is unknown, but it is presumed to be before 1820 based on information available from the donor.

Ticket #34249 for a 1/4 share in the Grand State Lottery of Maryland, 1818. The ticket is signed by Judah S. Lazarus and J. I. Cohen. The verso is blank. The lottery was operated by Jacob I. Cohen, Jr., who acted as principal agent for the contractors.

Newspaper clipping from the *Richmond Enquirer* (Virginia), dated January 17, 1824, featuring a letter to the editor originally published in Annapolis on January 8, 1824. The letter, titled "Memorial of the Jews," was written by Jacob I. Cohen Jr. (1789–1869), Solomon Etting (1764–1847), and Levi Solomon, and it advocates for full Jewish emancipation in Maryland. The clipping is from the front page of the newspaper.

Newspaper clipping from the *New-York Mirror*, dated February 28, 1835, featuring an account of a visit with Mordecai M. Noah at his boarding-house lodgings in New York, New York. Published in New York, New York.

Issue of Niles' Weekly Register, a newspaper published in Baltimore, Maryland, on June 21, 1817. This issue features a five-page article on usury, written by the editor and containing demeaning references to Jewish moneylenders. The article discusses interest rates, referencing Roman and English history (including the expulsion of Jews from England), as well as the works of John Locke and Adam Smith. The newspaper also includes other local, national, and international news and topics.

Issue of Niles' Weekly Register published in Baltimore, Maryland on September 24, 1825. This issue features an article on the laying of the cornerstone of Ararat, a project by Mordecai Manuel Noah.

Issue of Niles' Weekly Register, published in Baltimore, Maryland on October 1, 1825. This issue contains an article dismissing the laying of a cornerstone at Ararat (Buffalo, NY), described as very antisemitic.

Issue of Niles' Weekly Register, published in Baltimore, Maryland on October 1, 1825. This issue contains an article dismissing the laying of the cornerstone of a building in Buffalo, New York, described as anti-Semitic.

A petition to the Postmaster, dated April 1, 1886, advocating for the retention of Henry A. Muller as Assistant Postmaster in Cincinnati, Ohio. The petition is written on illustrated letterhead belonging to Kahn's and signed by 23 firms, at least 50% of which appear to be Jewish businesses.

A pre-Civil War playing card token made of copper. One side depicts the Queen of Diamonds with the address "236 SOUTH 36TH ST., PHILA." The other side shows the Jack of Clubs with the address "NO. 1 BARCLAY ST., NYC." The token also includes the inscription "COUSIN OF ISAAC LEVY/NEPHEW OF LEWIS I. COHEN...MERGED IN 1871." The token dates from approximately 1850.

Printed broadside letter from Captain Uriah P. Levy, late of the U.S. Navy, to his friends. The letter discusses Levy's problems in the Navy and includes a copy of a letter from J.C. Dobbin of the Navy. The envelope is addressed in Levy's hand to General Aaron Ward in Westchester, NY. Published in New York, New York in 1855.

Receipt issued to the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation in Baltimore, Maryland on July 24, 1833. The receipt mentions Jacob Leeser, the younger brother of Isaac Leeser. Jacob Leeser died of smallpox in 1834.

Silk broadside. Newark, NJ: G.A. Hull, [1829]. Report of the U.S. Senate Committee on petitions against the transportation of Sunday mails. The broadside discusses the implications of suspending mail service on Sundays, touching upon the separation of church and state and including a reference to the rights of Jews in the United States. Printed on silk, measuring 20 x 16 inches, with a decorative border and woodcut eagle device. The document reflects the ongoing debate in Congress (1810-1830) regarding Sunday mail delivery, sparked by petitions from religious groups. The committee's opinion was that halting mail delivery on Sundays for religious reasons would violate constitutional principles. This broadside is one of only two known to exist.

Newspaper clipping from the *Rhode Island American*, September 30, 1825, featuring a significant portion of Mordecai Manuel Noah's speech delivered at the cornerstone laying ceremony for the City of Ararat on Grand Island near Buffalo, New York. The article spans four full columns on page 1 and three full columns on page 2.

A boxed set of four decks of 32 playing cards for the game of Bezique, manufactured by Samuel Hart & Co. around 1865. The set includes a contemporary case, rules booklet, and a paper label on the inside lid featuring two U.S. revenue stamps dated 1865. Two Saladee's Bezique Register cards with metal spinners for scorekeeping are also included. The box measures 6" x 4" x 1 1/2". The company operated out of New York (546 Broadway) and Philadelphia (416 S. 13th St.). The production of this set followed the formation of the New York Consolidated Card Company in December 1871, which involved Samuel Hart & Co. along with Lawrence and Cohen and others. Lawrence and Cohen were the successors to Lewis I. Cohen's card manufactory, established earlier.

Shaving mug and brushes inscribed "Jefferson M. Levy," along with associated materials. The shaving mug, distributed by E. Berninghause of Cincinnati (circa 1890-1910), was at Monticello during Jefferson M. Levy's ownership and later given to Thomas Rhodes, caretaker and restorer of Monticello. The collection also includes documents tracing the ownership of the items through several hands, from Jefferson M. Levy and Thomas Rhodes to the Greenberger family and finally to Bess-Mae Jones, who sought a Jewish institution for their preservation. The collection further details the history of the Levy family's connection to Monticello, including the roles of Uriah P. Levy and Jefferson M. Levy in preserving the estate. Additional materials relate to Captain Jonas P. Levy, father of Jefferson M. Levy, his contributions to the Peruvian Navy, and his role in advocating for American Jews during the negotiation of a trade treaty with Switzerland in 1850.

Silver creamer made circa 1815 by the New York silversmith Garret Forbes and decorated with an engraved grapevine band by Moritz Furst, an early 19th-century U.S. Mint engraver. The creamer's design is similar to others incorporating Furst's work found at the Yale University Art Gallery and the Winterthur Museum.

Congressional Record - KANSAS BILL. SPEECH OF HON. J.P. BENJAMIN, OF LA., DELIVERED IN SENATE OF UNITED STATES ON THURSDAY, MARCH 11, 1858. SLAVERY PROTECTED BY THE COMMON LAW OF THE NEW WORLD. GUARANTIED BY CONSTITUTION. VINDICATION OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE U.S. Washington: Gideon. 1858. A brilliant justification of the Dred Scott decision by the Louisiana lawyer and Senator, who also rebuts Stephen Douglas's Popular Sovereignty doctrine, that inhabitants of a territory had the power to vote slavery up or down, as they saw fit. Benjamin argues, "independently of the authority of the [Dred Scott] decision," that the early colonists "brought with them the common law of England as their birthright...I shall not hazard too much in the assertion that slavery was the common law of the thirteen States of the Confederacy at the time they burst the bonds that united them to the mother country." He supports his thesis with much detail, including the early law and custom of England, aspects of the Dred Scott decision, and in colloquy with Senator Fessenden of Maine. Benjamin's theoretical work presaged the escalation of Southern demands for Congress to pass Slave Codes which would prohibit, not merely Congress, but a territorial legislature as well, from restricting slavery in the territories; and require Congress to protect slaveholders from hostile territorial inhabitants should such a legislature fail to do so. This is evidently the only edition of this work. FIRST EDITION. Sabin 4705. LCP 1093. Not in Work, Harv. Law Cat., Singerman, Eberstadt, Decker, Blockson, Marke, BEAL.

A two and three-quarters page stampless letter written by Tobias I. Tobias in New York City to David Judah in Richmond, Virginia on February 21, 1822. Tobias expresses concern over not receiving balance sheets from Judah and mentions increasing the profit share allocated to his brother, Isaac Tobias, to 50%. This letter was part of a larger collection purchased on January 7, 2013, and is cross-referenced with item 20.1132 in Collectify.

Power of attorney document for the transfer of four shares of the Merchants Bank in New York City. The document, dated April 24, 1818, is signed by Richea Moses, daughter of Isaac Moses and wife of Aaron Levy. The document is witnessed and signed by Nathaniel Greene Pendleton. The document details the transfer of ownership of bank shares and includes biographical information about Pendleton, including his birth, education, legal career, military service, political career, and death. The document is part of the E Collection and was found in Arc.MS.56, Box 20, Folder 7.

Supplement to Volume 15 of Volume III, New Series of Niles' Weekly Register, published in Baltimore, Maryland in 1819. This newspaper measures approximately 6-1/4" x 9-5/8" and contains 192 pages. Of particular interest to American Judaica studies are five pages dedicated to debates in the Maryland legislature concerning the "Jew Bill," proposed legislation aiming to grant Jews equal rights to Christians. Included are letters from Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and James Madison to Mordecai Noah (dated 1818), expressing their views on Jewish rights and citizenship, along with speeches delivered in the Maryland House of Representatives on the matter. The newspaper covers the period from September 1818 to March 1819. Additional content includes over 50 pages on the Florida Seminole War, featuring speeches from U.S. Congress members such as Cobb and Henry Clay debating the condemnation of General Andrew Jackson's actions, including the trial and execution of British subjects, and his occupation of Pensacola and St. Marks in Spanish Florida. The front page serves as an index to the contents.

Book - "Teachers' Guide and the Parents' Assistant or Thirteen Lessons Conveying to Uninformed Minds the First Ideas of God and His Attributes by an American Jewess." Published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1845 by Sherman. This is considered the first Jewish study book written by a woman in America. The book is in the form of conversations designed to help parents and teachers instruct children about God and His attributes. An introduction was written by Reverend Isaac Leeser of Mikvah Israel. A review of the book appeared in Leeser's Occident (Vol. III, No. 3, June 1845). Rosenbach #578 lists only three copies of this book; this may be one of them.

Newspaper clipping from The Independent, a Christian newspaper published in New York, New York, on April 18, 1861. The clipping includes a sermon "On the War" by Henry Ward Beecher and an article on the state of Jews in America, specifically focusing on German Jews and their socio-economic conditions.

Book published in Philadelphia by Barclay in 1875. Purporting to be the autobiography of Anson Bunker (1818-1873), a convicted and executed serial killer, this book recounts numerous murders, including that of Benjamin Nathan, a prominent New York City Jew. While presented as a factual account, the book's accuracy is questionable; the murder of Benjamin Nathan, a significant event covered in the New York Times, remains unsolved, and no one named Anson Bunker was ever implicated. The book also describes Bunker's purported participation in the Canadian Rebellion and the American Civil War. This edition is unlisted in Singerman, not located on OCLC, and not in McDade. Wright 3337a. Other printings from the 1870s and 1880s exist, all considered rare. This book is significant for being possibly the first published in the United States to detail the murder of a Jewish person.

This collection contains three checks drawn by C. V. S. Levy, a Jewish lawyer. One check, dated January 28, 1873, is drawn on the First National Bank in Glade Hill, Virginia, and made payable to William Devries & Co. Two other checks are also included; one is dated December 14, 1876, drawn on the First National Bank in Frederick, Maryland, payable to B. Hill; the other is dated January 7, 1877, drawn on the First National Bank in Frederick, Maryland, and payable to Charles E. Cassell and Frederick White. Two of the checks bear revenue stamps.

This circa 1885 trade card features a comical illustration of a watermelon being chased by a policeman. The card is printed on green stock and indicates a business location at the corner of Seventh and Monmouth Streets. The card is part of the Gleistein Collection.

Trade card advertising Hoffman's Mercantile, located at 206 Broad Street. The card features an illustration of a frog and a large egg. The image is described as a "back full ad." Circa 1885.

A circa 1885 trade card depicting a girl playing tennis, a man in a suit and hat, and handwritten remarks about George Washington. The card's imagery suggests a possible connection to late 19th-century American leisure activities and historical interest in George Washington. The card is part of the Loewenstein Collection.

Trade card depicting two elves playing music on a lily pad. The reverse side features an advertisement for L. Henry, a leading clothier, located at 49 Milton Avenue. A handwritten note indicates that Cohn has accepted a position. The card dates from circa 1885 and is found in Arc.MS.56, Volume 24, Page 3.

A set of five trade cards depicting roses arranged in a horseshoe shape. The cards include the address 113 East Genesee Street. The cards are part of the Joseph Gross Collection and date from circa 1885. They are part of a larger collection of mercantile materials.

A comical trade card depicting a set of four images. The front features an illustration with the caption "Sudden start and a stare on his coat sees a hair." The back contains a full advertisement for Star Clothing House located at 130 Washington Street. The card is part of a collection of trade cards, circa 1885, and is item #3 in the set. This item is from Volume 25, Page 4 of Archive MS.56.

A comical trade card depicting a scene of a husband staying out late. The front features the text "Husband stays out at night won't come home till he is; tight." The back displays a full advertisement for Star Clothing House located at 130 Washington Street. This trade card is part of a set of four and is from circa 1885. The item is found in Arc.MS.56, Volume 25, Page 4.

Certified copy of the will of Amelia B. Lazarus (1825-1906), written in New York, New York on May 13, 1897. This document, along with a companion will of her husband Jacob H. Lazarus, offers insight into the personal lives of this well-known Jewish artist and his wife, both members of wealthy early American Jewish families and aunt and uncle to Emma Lazarus.

Certified copy of the will of Jacob H. Lazarus (1822-1891), a well-known American artist, dated March 7, 1879, in New York, New York. The will is a four-page folio document with an additional certification note. This archival record also includes a copy of the will of Amelia B. Lazarus (1825-1906), Jacob's wife, consisting of a three-page folio document. These documents offer insight into the personal lives of Jacob and Amelia Lazarus, members of prominent early American Jewish families and aunt and uncle to Emma Lazarus.