Geography: Washington, D.C.

A silver bowl, approximately 5.5 inches in diameter, crafted to hold the inauguration medal of Henry Morgenthau Jr. The brass medal, measuring 3 inches, features Morgenthau's portrait on the obverse and the Treasury Building with the date January 1, 1934, on the reverse. The bowl appears to be a uniquely commissioned piece.

This document is a record of a speech delivered by Judah P. Benjamin to the United States Congress on February 11, 1859, concerning the acquisition of Cuba. The speech addresses major issues of states' rights and slavery within the context of the potential annexation of Cuba. The document appears to be a printed excerpt from the Congressional Record.

This pamphlet contains the speech delivered by Judah P. Benjamin, Senator from Louisiana, in the United States Senate on May 22, 1860. Benjamin's speech was a key component of the Breckinridge & Lane campaign documents and was distributed by the National Democratic Executive Committee. It directly addresses Stephen A. Douglas's concept of popular sovereignty and argues for the protection of slavery in the territories, referencing the Dred Scott decision. This pamphlet represents a significant moment in the fracturing of the Democratic Party leading up to the Civil War.

This 32-page pamphlet contains the speech delivered by Judah P. Benjamin, Democratic Senator from Louisiana, on the floor of the United States Senate on May 22, 1860. Benjamin's speech is a response to Stephen A. Douglas, arguing against legislation restricting slavery in new territories. He references the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision (1857) to support his arguments regarding states' rights. The speech highlights the tensions leading to the disintegration of the Democratic Party and the eventual secession of the Southern states.

This congressional record contains the speech delivered by Judah P. Benjamin in the United States Senate on December 31, 1860. In this address, Benjamin, representing Louisiana, provides a constitutional justification for secession and eloquently defends Southern policy. The speech is notable for its strong advocacy of Southern rights and its defiant conclusion against subjugation.

This 15-page congressional record contains a speech delivered by David Levy Yulee on February 14, 15, and 17, 1848, concerning the rights of people in U.S. territories acquired through the Mexican-American War. Yulee's speech is a significant early statement on states' rights and the issue of slavery in the newly acquired territories, foreshadowing the secession crisis. The speech directly addresses the implications of territorial expansion for the future of slavery and the political balance within the nation.

This is a speech delivered by Judah P. Benjamin in the United States Senate on March 11, 1858, regarding the Kansas Bill and the issue of slavery. Benjamin, a Louisiana Senator, eloquently defends the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision and refutes Stephen Douglas's Popular Sovereignty doctrine. He argues that slavery was part of the common law of the thirteen original colonies, supported by historical legal precedent and customs. This first edition pamphlet, printed by Gideon in Washington, is a significant contribution to the debate surrounding slavery and its expansion in the United States. It showcases Benjamin's legal acumen and foreshadows the escalating Southern demands for Congressional protection of slavery in the territories.

Congressional Record - KANSAS BILL. SPEECH OF HON. J.P. BENJAMIN, OF LA., DELIVERED IN SENATE OF UNITED STATES ON THURSDAY, MARCH 11, 1858. SLAVERY PROTECTED BY THE COMMON LAW OF THE NEW WORLD. GUARANTIED BY CONSTITUTION. VINDICATION OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE U.S. Washington: Gideon. 1858. A brilliant justification of the Dred Scott decision by the Louisiana lawyer and Senator, who also rebuts Stephen Douglas's Popular Sovereignty doctrine, that inhabitants of a territory had the power to vote slavery up or down, as they saw fit. Benjamin argues, "independently of the authority of the [Dred Scott] decision," that the early colonists "brought with them the common law of England as their birthright...I shall not hazard too much in the assertion that slavery was the common law of the thirteen States of the Confederacy at the time they burst the bonds that united them to the mother country." He supports his thesis with much detail, including the early law and custom of England, aspects of the Dred Scott decision, and in colloquy with Senator Fessenden of Maine. Benjamin's theoretical work presaged the escalation of Southern demands for Congress to pass Slave Codes which would prohibit, not merely Congress, but a territorial legislature as well, from restricting slavery in the territories; and require Congress to protect slaveholders from hostile territorial inhabitants should such a legislature fail to do so. This is evidently the only edition of this work. FIRST EDITION. Sabin 4705. LCP 1093. Not in Work, Harv. Law Cat., Singerman, Eberstadt, Decker, Blockson, Marke, BEAL.

This pamphlet contains a congressional record from April 7, 1846, concerning "A Bill to Raise a Regiment of Mounted Riflemen." Lewis Charles Levin, a founding member of the Know-Nothing Party, sought to amend the bill to restrict membership to native-born Americans. Printed by Gideon in Washington, D.C., this first edition paperback consists of 16 pages. The document includes details of Levin's political career and his involvement in nativist movements of the 1840s and 1850s, along with background on the political climate and the Know-Nothing Party's platform, including its anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant sentiments. References include Sabin 40756 and Wolf 167.

This is a congressional record from May 29, 1844, focusing on a report from the Naval Affairs Committee. The document was part of the work of David Levy Yulee, a Florida Senator, after he changed his name. The report likely addresses naval matters, though the specific content requires further examination.

This pamphlet reprints a speech delivered by Judah P. Benjamin in the U.S. Senate on May 8, 1860. The speech addresses Jefferson Davis's resolutions concerning slavery in the territories. Benjamin argues for the constitutionality of the resolutions and refutes Stephen Douglas's Popular Sovereignty doctrine. Published by Murphy & Co. of Baltimore, this 8-page pamphlet is significant for its contribution to the escalating tensions leading to the division of the Democratic Party and the secession crisis.

This 38-page pamphlet is the personal copy of Roger Jones, Adjutant General of the Army. It's the official Army Register from September 1, 1838, and contains the names and biographical information of several officers, including three Jewish officers: Abraham A. Massias, D.C. De Leon, and A. Mordecai. Each officer's entry includes their place of birth, enlistment date, and in some cases, additional details about their military career.

This 14-page pamphlet, "The Shofar," was published by the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. in 1894. Authored by Cyrus Adler, it features illustrations and likely discusses the shofar, a ram's horn used in Jewish religious ceremonies, its history, and significance.

Envelope addressed to Joseph Auerbach at 623 Penn Ave., Washington, D.C. The envelope features an image of a man in formal wear and advertising text, indicating it was likely used for commercial purposes. Dated circa 1902.

A green pass, printed by Adolphus Simeom Solomons, granting access to the floor of the United States Senate for the inauguration of President Ulysses S. Grant on March 4, 1869. The pass was issued to George T. Brown.

Printed invitation to the inauguration of President Ulysses S. Grant on March 4, 1869, in Washington, D.C. The invitation, a yellow pass granting access to the Senate floor, was printed by Adolphus Simeom Solomons.

Printed ticket granting access to the floor of the United States Senate for the inauguration of President Ulysses S. Grant on March 4, 1869. Printed by Adolphus Simeom Solomons.

This undated letter, written by Nathan A. Cohen to Eliza M. Anderson, discusses a business proposal for Cohen's son. The letter was written from Charleston, South Carolina, and discusses business dealings in Washington, D.C. The letter is stampless and is dated November 10, 1850, based on internal evidence.

Autograph letter signed by David Levy Yulee, written in Washington, D.C. on May 24, 1846. The letter concerns payments. Yulee was a U.S. Senator from Florida and later a Confederate congressman.

A letter written by Henry M. Phillips to John Rumsey on April 13, 1858, in Washington, D.C., concerning the Pennsylvania Railroad. Phillips approves the minutes of the railroad board. Phillips was a prominent Philadelphia lawyer and the first Jewish person elected to Congress from Philadelphia; he was also a member of the Sephardic Congregation Mickve Israel.

Envelope addressed to Julius Kahn in Washington, D.C., dated March 12, 1912. The return address indicates the sender may have been associated with Congressional Record and Roosevelt's speech on Canadian Reciprocity and the Tariff. The envelope's contents, a speech delivered to Congress on March 12, 1912, are mentioned in the original description.

Printed invitation to the National Birth Night Assembly held at Carusi's Saloon in Washington, D.C. on February 24, 1845. The invitation lists David Levy Yulee and 28 other Senators, as well as numerous Army and Naval officers, including Major General Winfield Scott, as managers of the event. Printed on thin blue paper.

A letter written by George R. Fairbanks to J. C. Heywood on January 24, 1861, in Washington, D.C., introducing David Levy Yulee. The letter contains an oblique reference to Yulee's departure from D.C. and his visit to Florida, written two weeks after Florida's secession from the Union.

A letter dated November 19, 1855, from Circuit Court Judge George Johnston in San Francisco, California, to Congressman James William Denver in Washington, D.C., requesting a presidential pardon for Julius Levy, who was convicted of smuggling cigars and is in poor health due to imprisonment. The letter was sent via Joseph Duncan.

A free franked letter, dated March 23, 1852, sent from an unidentified public official in Washington, D.C., to Col. Mendes I. Cohen in Baltimore, Maryland. The letter's content appears to be of a political nature, referencing a 'delegate'.

Legal document attesting to citizenship, signed by Benjamin Nones in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 26, 1810. The document also involves John Kingsland and references Georgetown, District of Columbia.

A four-page broadside comprising a legal document related to Joseph Abrams' claim for mutilated currency. The document includes printed instructions and is dated September 7, 1866, in New Bloomfield, Perry County, Pennsylvania. Additional references are made to Washington, D.C.

Typed letter, fully signed, from Supreme Court Justice Benjamin Cardozo to Representative Emanuel Celler. Written on court stationary, the letter references a bequest by Justice Holmes. Dated March 24, 1935, from Washington, District of Columbia.

Typed letter from Supreme Court Justice Benjamin Cardozo to Representative Emanuel Celler, declining to sit for a portrait. The letter is dated March 24, 1935, and is written on official Supreme Court stationery. It is fully signed by Cardozo.

Letter from Abraham Cohn to Col. L. D. Mason, military agent of New Hampshire, dated February 20, 1865, in Washington, D.C. Cohn informs Mason of his return to active duty on February 12, 1865. The letter also mentions Cohn's actions at the Battles of the Wilderness and Petersburg during the American Civil War.

A safe conduct pass issued to T. F. Moses and a friend on December 27, 1862, in Alexandria, Virginia. The pass is handwritten and includes the names of Moses and his companion, W. M. Dalglush. It indicates travel between Alexandria, Virginia and Washington, D.C.

Brevet Commission appointing Benjamin J. Levy as Major in the U.S. Volunteers, dated June 2, 1866. The commission is signed by Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and President Andrew Johnson (by his secretary). Levy was a Lieutenant in the 21st Cavalry of Pennsylvania during the Civil War. The document was issued in Washington, District of Columbia. The commission indicates that Levy's appointment is retroactive to June 28, 1865. Additional notes mention that this is an important document representing an honor bestowed upon Levy. The document's provenance notes Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as well.

This legal document, dated March 31, 1865, is Court Martial Order No. 165. It details the sentencing of Isaac Levy to one year of hard labor or a $2,000 fine, as per General Order 81 1/2, Headquarters, District of West Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, December 8, 1864. The document originates from Washington, District of Columbia.

Autograph letter signed by Captain Alfred Mordecai, dated February 18, 1846, from the Washington Arsenal, to William Kemble, President of the West Point Foundry Association. The letter discusses the successful operation of a steam engine furnished by the Foundry Association and details the final payment, including deductions for completing the engine. A second page itemizes the costs of materials and labor involved in completing the engine.

Printed broadside letter from Captain Uriah P. Levy, late of the U.S. Navy, to his friends. The letter discusses Levy's problems in the Navy and includes a copy of a letter from J.C. Dobbin of the Navy. The envelope is addressed in Levy's hand to General Aaron Ward in Westchester, NY. Published in New York, New York in 1855.

Government travel pass signed by Secretary of State John Forsyth granting free passage to Mendes I. Cohen, bearer of dispatches to the U.S. Legation in London. Issued in Washington, D.C. on January 12, 1838. The document is from Volume A, Page 2 of Arc.MS.56.

Letter written by Captain Alfred Mordecai to Lt. Marsena R. Patrick on October 29, 1841, from the Washington Arsenal in Washington, D.C. The letter advises Patrick that his papers have been forwarded for audit. The letter is significant for its strong signature of Captain Mordecai.

Authorization for the arming of the privateer ship Adeline, issued June 26, 1812, in Washington, D.C., by President James Madison and Secretary of State James Monroe. The document lists Isaac Levy and William Weaver as co-owners, authorizing the vessel to carry seven carriage guns and 35 men. The authorization is signed by both Madison and Monroe. The document also mentions Benjamin Craycroft and George W. Tatem.

A four-page letter written circa 1845 by Sarah Ann Minis Hays to her husband, Dr. Isaac Hays, in Washington, D.C. The letter details personal matters and family life, including references to their children, Frank and Henrietta. It offers insight into the lives of this prominent Northern Jewish family.

A printed and ink-completed form letter, signed by John S. Meehan, Librarian of the Library of Congress, acknowledging receipt of Isaac Leeser's 'The Book of Daily Prayers for Every Day in the Year According to the Custom of the German and Polish Jews,' published in 1848 by Sherman. This letter, dated July 14, 1848, may represent the first notification of an American Jewish prayer book in the Library of Congress collection.

14k gold and enamel medal awarded to Adolphus S. Solomons, Vice President of the American Red Cross, circa 1880. The cross bar reads "Vice President for the United States", and the back is engraved with his name. The medal features a red cross on a white and blue background. The medal is associated with the founding of the American Red Cross and Solomons' significant role in the organization.

Issue of the Daily National Intelligencer newspaper published in Washington, D.C. on September 13, 1850. This issue features a list of hundreds of licenses issued, including several for Jewish individuals. One entry notes a fine levied against A. Lehman for a dog license violation.

Newspaper clipping from the *National Intelligencer*, published in Washington, D.C. on November 30, 1858. The clipping features an excerpt from a letter by Abraham Hart regarding the Mortara Abduction Case, urging President Buchanan to intervene. It also includes the reply from Secretary of State Lewis Cass refusing to do so. This represents one of the earliest instances of concerted lobbying by American Jews.

This issue of the National Intelligencer, published in Washington, D.C., on March 15, 1821, features extensive coverage of the landmark Supreme Court case, Cohens v. Virginia. The article details the case, which involved the brothers Cohen's conviction for violating Virginia's lottery laws despite the legality of their activities under an act of Congress. The newspaper provides a comprehensive report of the legal arguments and the court's decision, including discussions on the Supreme Court's jurisdiction over state supreme court decisions in criminal matters and the supremacy of federal law. The issue also contains a Cohen lottery advertisement, an ironic juxtaposition given the case's subject matter.

Newspaper issue of *The Congressional Globe* from January 5, 1863, published in Washington, D.C. This issue contains a report on the reading of the “Jew Order” in its entirety to the Senate, and a report by Captain Lovell detailing the expulsion of Jews from Paducah, Kentucky. A subsequent resolution declared General Grant's order illegal, urging President Lincoln to revoke it.

Newspaper clipping from the *National Intelligencer*, published in Washington, D.C., on November 24, 1849. The clipping features a report and letter from Daniel Webster to the Hebrew Benevolent Society and the German Hebrew Benevolent Society on the occasion of their joint anniversary celebration.

Issue of the Daily National Intelligencer newspaper published in Washington, D.C. on December 31, 1818. This issue contains an early report on the pending Maryland Jew Bill, which aimed to grant Jews the same rights and privileges as Christians in holding public office.

Carte-de-visite photograph depicting adults seated at a table. The reverse of the card features an advertisement for Philip & Solomons Metropolitan Gallery, located at 332 Penn Avenue and Seventh Street, Washington, D.C. Circulated circa 1875. The photograph is attributed to Alex Gardner.

This trade card advertises Eiseman Bros., a clothing store located at the corner of 7th and E Streets, Washington, D.C. The card features a charming illustration of a couple ice skating on a frozen lake, with trees in the background. The card features a red, white, and blue border. The card is blank on the back.

This trade card advertises Auerbach & Bro., a men's furnishing and hat store located at 623 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a playful illustration of a boy standing on the ears of a pony in a field of tall grass. The boy is holding a pitchfork in his hand. The illustration is set against a blue and gold background.

This trade card advertises M. Silver, a millinery and dry goods store located at 715 Market Space in Washington, D.C. The front of the card is decorated with a pink rose and bud on a branch of leaves. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises C. Auerbach, a shirt manufacturer located at the corner of 7th and H Streets in Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a playful illustration of a boy standing on a sailboat, made out of a shirt cuff, sailing in the ocean. The boy wears a hat, and his cuffs are prominent. The back of the card contains an advertisement for collars, cuffs, and shirt bosoms, as well as instructions on waterproof linens. The card is printed in red, blue, and black ink.

This trade card for A. Herman, a clothier, is circular in shape and features a humorous image of eggs in shoes. The card also includes the address 738.7TH. ST. N. W. The card features a round illustration of a pair of black boots with eggs in the shoes. The card is printed in black and white. The back is blank.

This trade card advertises Kaufman's, a general store located at 1241 Eleventh Street S.E. in Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a humorous illustration of two vegetable people. A black boy's head is inside a cabbage. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business.

Trade card for Kaufman's, a general store located at 1241 Eleventh Street S.E., Washington, D.C. The card features a caricature of two individuals with exaggerated features, one appearing to be Black. The imagery includes a Black boy's head inside a squash. Circa 1885.

This trade card for I. Hamburger & Sons features an illustration of a boy and a girl playing outside a fence. The image is printed in a blue sepia tone. The front of the card showcases a border of the business's name, address, and products. The back of the card is filled with a full advertisement for the business. The address is listed as 615 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington D.C.

This trade card advertises the clothing store of H.L. Strasburger & Son, located at 306-308 Seventh Street, Washington D.C. The front of the card depicts a young girl in a striped apron, holding a letter. The card has a red border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Oettinger's dry goods store located at 3130 M Bridge Street, between High and Congress Streets in Washington, D.C.. The front of the card features a comical-looking postman standing near a flower pot. The background includes a building, suggesting a city setting. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Auerbach & Bro., purveyors of men's furnishings, located at 623 Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C. The front of the card showcases a charming illustration of a child, dressed in Scottish attire, standing near a backdrop of snow-capped mountains. This idyllic scene likely served to evoke a sense of quality and sophistication associated with the clothing offered by the business. The image is primarily in tones of sepia and muted colors, typical of trade cards from the late 19th century. Below the illustration, the business name and address are clearly visible. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises I. Hamburger & Sons, a clothing retailer located at 615 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C., under the Metropolitan Bank. The front of the card features a Swiss boy playing music. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card for I. Hamburger & Sons, featuring two well-dressed girls holding hands, one wearing a blue bonnet and the other a pink bonnet. The card lists addresses at 615 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C., and 122 E. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD. The card likely dates to circa 1885.

This trade card advertises Saks & Co., a Washington D.C. based business. The card features a portrait of President Benjamin Harrison and an American flag, suggesting the card was printed during Harrison's presidential term (1889-1893). The back of the card features the results of the 1884 presidential election, suggesting the card was likely printed sometime after that election, but before 1893. The card was displayed at an exhibit at the Library of Congress in 2005.

This trade card advertises A. Saks & Co., clothiers located at 316 & 318 Seventh Street in Washington, D.C. The front of the card (Image 1) depicts a young boy playing cricket. The image is likely intended to evoke a sense of youthful energy and activity, perhaps associating the clothing with leisure and play. The business name and address are clearly printed on the card. The back of the card (Image 2) is blank. Note: This card was on exhibit at the Library of Congress in Cincinnati (AJA) during 2005.

Newspaper clipping from the *National Intelligencer*, published in Washington, D.C. on January 27, 1820. The clipping contains a detailed report from Albany, NY (dated January 20, 1820) concerning Mordecai Manuel Noah's proposal to establish a settlement for foreign Jews on Grand Island (near Buffalo). The editorial expresses sympathy for Noah's plan. Also included is an obituary of Starr Barrett of Charleston, South Carolina, reprinted from the *Southern Patriot* of January 14, 1820. The obituary describes Barrett as being over 120 years old, a claim that seems highly improbable given the detail provided.

This trade card advertises A. Kaufman's Double Combination Store located at 1241 & 1243 11th Street in Washington, D.C. The front of the card features an illustration of a man in colonial garb, possibly a merchant, standing next to a cat. The illustration appears to be a caricature of the man. The back of the card provides more details about the business. The card is bordered in a blue, gray, and white pattern.

This trade card advertises M. Silverberg & Co., a dry goods merchant in Washington, D.C. The front of the card depicts a snowy scene with a church. The business's address is listed as 312 7th Street & 313 8th Street. The back of the card is blank.

A broadside letter dated June 24, 1848, from William Hunt, author of *American Biography*, to Congressman James McDowell. Hunt solicits McDowell's purchase of copies of his book and mentions J. N. Cardozo as a reference. Hunt is identified as the publisher of the *Evening News*, Charleston, South Carolina. The letter was sent from Washington, D.C., to Albany, New York.

Abstract of furniture supplied to Frank Marx Etting. Signed by U.S. Paymaster N. Brinton. This government record documents the supply of furniture during the American Civil War, with details referencing Baltimore, Maryland; Washington, D.C.; and Louisville, Kentucky. Dated August 20, 1861; January 17, 1863; and September 30, 1863.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. documenting the shipment of finished copper from New York, New York, and Washington, District of Columbia to Norfolk, Virginia on November 3, 1826. One of five shipping records. The Soho Copper Refinery was founded by Hendricks & Isaacs (brother-in-law) in Soho, New Jersey.

This is a two-page Senate report, S. Rep. Com. No. 255, from the 34th Congress, 1st Session (1856). Senator David Levy Yulee submitted the report to the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads concerning a memorial from Apalachicola citizens regarding mail service. The document addresses concerns about mail service in Apalachicola, Florida, highlighting the need for improvements to postal routes and infrastructure in the region.

Free franked envelope addressed to Captain E. Harding at the US Arsenal in Augusta, Georgia, postmarked October 20, 1839. The envelope was sent from the Washington Ordnance Department and signed by J.L. Edwards, Commissioner of Pensions. The envelope bears the signature of Captain Alfred Mordecai.

Issue of the National Intelligencer newspaper from Washington, D.C., dated September 4, 1855. This issue features a prominent article detailing the challenge to a duel issued by Alfred A. Cohen to James King of William and King's subsequent refusal on moral grounds. The article also includes biographical information on both King and Cohen.

Supplementary report of the Committee of Claims to the United States House of Representatives regarding the petition of David Valenzin. The report details the seizure of Valenzin's property by the American squadron in the Mediterranean and his subsequent legal case. Published in Washington, D.C. in 1804.

Congressional Record detailing the case of David Valenzin, a Jewish merchant from Venice, whose property was seized by the American squadron in the Mediterranean during the Barbary Wars. The document includes reports, correspondence, and legal documents related to Valenzin's petition for compensation following the confiscation of his goods. Published in Washington, D.C. in 1804.

This pamphlet contains the supplementary report of the Committee of Claims regarding the petition of David Valenzin, a German merchant, whose property was seized by the American squadron in the Mediterranean. The report details the events surrounding the seizure of the Imperial polacca Paulina, Valenzin's arrest, and the subsequent legal proceedings. The document includes correspondence and documents related to Valenzin's case, in which he claimed oppressive conduct by American commandants. The report was read and ordered to be referred to a committee of the whole house on Monday, February 1, 1804. Additional pages detail the further history of the case, including Valenzin's petition to Congress for compensation after the court ruled in his favor, his subsequent suicide, and the posthumous return of some funds to a family member by the U.S. Consul in Egypt. Published in Washington, D.C. in 1804. Not found in Rosenbach or Singerman collections.

Warrant for the arrest of Thomas Meekins and Richard Carter for the theft of "one piece of canvass of the value of six dollars and forty cents the property of ...Nathan Blum." Issued and signed by William Tucker on August 21, 1868, in Washington, D.C.

A warrant for the arrest of Thomas Sheppard, issued in Washington, D.C. on December 18, 1866. The warrant charges Sheppard with the theft of $250 worth of shirts from Benjamin Gross.

Issue No. 2, Vol. V, Vol. LV, Whole No. 1406 of Niles' National Register, published in Washington, D.C. on September 8, 1838. This newspaper edition covers a wide range of news, including events related to Creek Indians, the condition of Thomas Jefferson's grave and home, the French blockade of Mexico, news from the Western Frontier (Fort Gibson), Indian attacks in Florida, Texas news, astronomical discoveries by Sir John Herschel, Indian hostilities near Fort Leavenworth, a presidential proclamation concerning the seizure of ships, and developments in the Florida War. Additionally, it features news from Missouri regarding the construction of a new state house.

This archival collection contains two speeches delivered by Judah P. Benjamin in the United States Senate on the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The first speech, delivered on May 2, 1856, discusses Benjamin's shift to the Democratic party and his views on the constitutional aspects of the issue. The second speech, delivered on May 25, 1856, further details his arguments against the Missouri Compromise and his support for popular sovereignty. The materials also include excerpts from the *Congressional Globe* documenting Benjamin's positions on Kansas from May 2, 1856 to June 25, 1856. One item is a separately published pamphlet of the May 2 speech, described as "Disbound, else Very Good." Another item is noted as not in the collection, a speech from May 25, 1854, concerning the Nebraska-Kansas Act.

This archival collection comprises excerpted speeches delivered by Judah P. Benjamin, a prominent U.S. Senator, on the floor of the United States Congress. The excerpts are taken from the *Congressional Globe*, covering various dates between December 12, 1855, and August 14, 1856. The speeches cover a range of topics including naval affairs, the California court system, and the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. These materials were removed from the *Congressional Globe* for the 24th Congress, 1st session.

This archival collection comprises three excerpted articles from the *Congressional Globe*, a record of debates in the United States Congress. The excerpts feature speeches and statements by David Levy Yulee (February 13, April 15, 1856) and Judah P. Benjamin (February 13, 1856). The articles cover Yulee's stances on various issues debated on the floor of Congress and touch upon the topic of British enlistment. These excerpts were removed from the *Congressional Globe* for the 24th Congress, 1st Session.

This archival collection comprises excerpted articles from *The Congressional Globe*, specifically focusing on speeches delivered by Senators David Levy Yulee and Judah Philip Benjamin during the 24th Congress, 1st Session, in 1856. The excerpts cover Yulee's stances on the Kansas-Nebraska Act, with specific dates of February 1st and June 11th, 1856, and Benjamin's speeches on April 29th, 1856. The material was originally part of *The Congressional Globe* but has been removed for this collection.

This excerpt from the *Congressional Globe*, dated March 29, 1856, documents a debate on the floor of Congress concerning equal rights for a Hebrew congregation in Washington, D.C. The debate, which began on February 27, 1856, discusses granting the same legal standing to the congregation as Christian churches. This excerpt is from the 24th Congress, 1st session.

A blue pass to the floor of the United States Senate for the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson, printed by Adolphus Simeom Solomons on March 31, 1868, in Washington, D.C. The pass is a printed broadside.

Printed court martial document from the War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D.C., dated February 2, 1865. This six-page document details the court martial of Raphael Levy, a soldier in Company "I", 30th Regiment of Massachusetts Veterans, accused of misbehavior before the enemy during the Battle of Rox's Plantation, Louisiana, July 13, 1863. The document outlines the charges, findings, and Levy's five-year sentence.

A two-page letter and a separate cover addressed to Captain Mordecai Myers at Fort Niagara, New York, from Robert Brent, the first Mayor of Washington, D.C., dated May 18, 1813. The letter concerns money owed to the United States for recruiting expenses. The letter and cover were received shortly before the Battle of Fort George (May 25, 1813), during the War of 1812. The letter measures 8" x 10", the cover 8" x 10" open and 5 1/2" x 3 1/4" when folded. The cover has a light "FREE" stamp and another partially legible postmark.

This 15-page pamphlet, published in Washington, D.C. in 1849, reprints the "Address of Southern Delegates in Congress, To Their Constituents." The address, initially drafted by John C. Calhoun, represents an attempt to unify the South in a pro-slavery stance following the Mexican-American War and before Zachary Taylor's inauguration. While initially considered "too drastic" by some Southern congressmen, the final version articulates the South's grievances against the North's perceived violation of the constitutional agreement to protect slavery. The address was signed by 48 of the 121 Southern congressmen. David Levy Yulee of Florida is listed among the signatories. The pamphlet is a first edition and represents an important document in the lead-up to the American Civil War.

A one-and-a-half-page letter dated March 8, 1822, from the publishers Gales & Seaton in Washington, D.C., to Mordecai Manuel Noah in New York City. The letter discusses the commissioning of an American artist to create a sculpture of George Washington, specifically mentioning the sculptor Henry Causici and his qualifications.

This oversized trade card advertises Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 420-426 Seventh Street in Washington, D.C. The card features a lithograph depicting the store's building and the Washington Monument, showcasing the store's prominence within the city. The image is likely from the late 19th century, reflecting the architectural style of the building and the artistic techniques used in the lithograph. The back of the card is blank. [In the 1860s, brothers Gustav and Max Lansburgh opened Baltimore House, a small fancy goods store, which eventually became the landmark Lansburgh's Department Store. Both brothers were active in Jewish affairs. Their daughter, Minnie Lansburgh Goldsmith, became a prominent figure in Jewish philanthropy in Washington, known for her fundraising efforts and her talent playing the banjo and zither.]

Printed broadside issued by a Baltimore Citizens' Committee, chaired by Mayor General Samuel Smith, on or about December 23, 1835. The broadside appeals for aid for New York City following the Great Fire of 1835, detailing the committee's efforts to offer relief and suggesting Congressional action to alleviate the economic consequences of the disaster. The document is accompanied by two manuscript letters (described below) addressed to U.S. Congressman Gideon Lee, providing firsthand accounts of the fire's devastation and suggesting federal intervention. The letters express the scale of the destruction, the financial ruin of insurance companies, and the need for national support.

This trade card advertises Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 420 and 406 Seventh Street in Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a jester holding a feather duster. The image is likely intended to convey a sense of fun and lightheartedness, associating the store with a pleasant shopping experience. The back of the card is blank. [In the 1860s, brothers Gustav and Max Lansburgh opened Baltimore House, a small fancy goods store, the predecessor to the landmark Lansburgh's Department Store. Both were active in Jewish affairs. Gustav's daughter, Minnie Lansburgh Goldsmith, became known for her Jewish philanthropy in Washington, D.C., organizing fundraising events from a young age.]

This trade card advertises Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 420 and 406 Seventh Street in Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a jester juggling balls. The illustration is likely meant to be lighthearted and eye-catching to attract customers. Below the illustration is the store's name and address. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Lansburgh & Brother, dry goods merchants located at 420 and 406 Seventh Street, Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a young boy playing bagpipes. He is dressed in a long, dark coat, brown pants, and a white shirt. The boy wears a white hat and a red bowtie. The illustration has a stylized background of buildings, and the text is bold and eye-catching. The back of the card is blank.

This pamphlet contains the speech delivered by Hon. Lewis C. Levin, representing Pennsylvania's 1st District, in the House of Representatives on December 18, 1845. The speech addresses the need for potential alterations to existing naturalization laws to better protect American institutions. Levin, a prominent figure in the Know-Nothing movement, was a vocal advocate for stricter immigration policies and was involved in the 1844 Philadelphia riots.

Collection of approximately 20 documents related to Reform Rabbi Bernard Felsenthal, spanning the 1870s-1890s. Materials are primarily in English and German and include letters to and from Felsenthal, congregational reports from the Chicago Sinai Congregation, a eulogy for Abraham Lincoln, a contract for employment of a new rabbi, and newspaper clippings. Documents vary in size and condition. The collection provides insights into Felsenthal's rabbinical work, his views on Jewish law, and his involvement in community affairs in Chicago during this period. The collection also contains some materials related to his published works, such as articles and reviews.

This 11-page pamphlet, dated December 14, 1838, and supplemented by three fold-out pages of building plans, presents Charles Lewis Fleischmann's proposal for a National School of Agriculture. Fleischmann, an agricultural expert trained in Germany, outlines his vision for this institution. While his religious affiliation is not explicitly stated and requires further research, the document is a significant contribution to the history of agricultural education in the United States.

Program for the inaugural ball of President Benjamin Harrison held on March 4, 1889, at the Pension Building in Washington, D.C. The program lists the committees responsible for organizing the event, including several individuals with Jewish surnames, and features details such as the order of dances and the bill of fare. The program consists of 16 pages, with images showing some of the pages.

This trade card advertises Rudden's Instalment House, a furniture and carpet store located at 105 H Street, NW in Washington, D.C. The front of the card features an illustration of a woman in a long dress and a hat sitting on a bench under a tree, with a parasol. The woman is surrounded by a colorful floral garden. The text on the front of the card highlights the store's name and address, and mentions that the store offers furniture and carpets on the installment plan. The back of the card contains a detailed advertisement for the store.

One-page letter dated January 27, 1858, written and signed by U.S. Congressman Henry Myer Phillips (1811-1884) to John Rumsey. Written from Washington, D.C., the letter discusses the return of letters from the Rothschilds and a requested statement from Rumsey. Approximately 6 1/2" x 8" with integral leaf and one vertical fold.

This trade card advertises M. Augenstein's Bargain House, located at 7th Street N.W. in Washington D.C. The front of the card features a whimsical design of various insects, including a cricket, a dragonfly, a grasshopper, and a spider. The back of the card is blank.

This is one of a three-part comical trade card series from Lansburgh & Brother, advertising their dry goods store located at 404 and 406 Seventh Street in Washington, D.C. This particular card depicts a frog with a duck egg in its mouth. The image is likely part of a humorous series, as suggested by the description "Comical Set 1 of 3." The back of the card is blank. The card's imagery and style suggest it was produced around the late 19th century.

This trade card, part of a three-card set, advertises Lansburgh & Brother, a dry goods store located at 404 and 406 Seventh Street in Washington, D.C. The front of the card depicts a humorous illustration: a frog with a duck egg in its mouth and a mother duck looking on. The image is likely part of a larger comical theme of the trade card set. The back of the card is blank. This address represents an early location for Lansburgh & Bro. [In the 1860s, brothers Gustav and Max Lansburgh opened Baltimore House, a small fancy goods store on C Street, which later evolved into the landmark Lansburgh's Department Store on 7th Street, NW. Both brothers were active in Jewish affairs. Their daughter, Minnie Lansburgh Goldsmith, became a prominent figure in Jewish philanthropy in Washington, known for her fundraising efforts, including a performance featuring her banjo and zither skills.]

This is one of a three-card set. This trade card advertises Lansburgh & Brother, a dry goods store located at 404 and 406 Seventh Street, NW, Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a comical illustration of a frog, a mother duck, and a duckling. The style of the illustration suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic. The back of the card is blank. This is an early address for the business. [In the 1860s, brothers Gustav and Max Lansburgh opened Baltimore House, a small fancy goods store, the predecessor to the landmark Lansburgh's Department Store. Both brothers were active in Jewish affairs. Gustav's daughter, Minnie Lansburgh Goldsmith, became known for her Jewish philanthropy in Washington, D.C.]

This pair of trade cards advertises the New York Hat Store located at 361 Pa Ave, near 4th St NW in Washington D.C. The front of each card displays a similar image. In the center, a silver-colored boy is pictured hunting with a rifle, aimed at a target that is not visible. On one card, the boy is wearing a hat. On the other, he is not wearing a hat. The back of each card is blank. [Max Davis owned the New York Hat Store.]

This trade card advertises Julius Lansburgh, a carpet furnisher located at 315 Seventh Street, Washington D.C. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a girl blowing bubbles. The back of the card is blank. [Julius Lansburgh's brothers, Gustav and James, formed the Lansburgh & Bro Department Store, which was a major store in D.C. from 1860 to the 1960s. In 1875, Julius started the Julius Lansburgh Furniture Company, which bounced around various locations in the shopping area. His brothers ended up taking over a whole city block for their department store. When Julius retired from the furniture business, he opened an interior decorating business, which he ran until 1928. He died later that year.]

This trade card advertises Julius Lansburgh, a carpet furnisher located at 315 Seventh St., Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a young girl holding a cat. The style of the illustration suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic. The back of the card is blank. [Julius Lansburgh's brothers, Gustav and James, founded the Lansburgh & Bro. department store, a prominent D.C. retailer from 1860 to the 1960s. Around 1875, Julius established the Julius Lansburgh Furniture Company, experimenting with different locations before his brothers' department store occupied a large city block. After retiring from the furniture business, he opened an interior decorating business, operating until 1928 when he fell ill.]

This trade card advertises A. Stern, a dry goods merchant located at 7th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. The front of the card is a die-cut fan shape with a design of grapes and vines. The back of the card is blank.

This pamphlet details the military commission trial of Samuel North, Morven M. Jones, and Levi Cohen, three Civil War soldiers accused of ballot box stuffing during the 1864 presidential election. Published in Washington, D.C. in 1865, this copy belonged to Morven M. Jones, who added extensive annotations and a personal memoir recounting his imprisonment at Old Capitol Prison, his interactions with President Lincoln, and other aspects of his experiences during the Civil War. Jones's memoir provides a firsthand account of prison conditions, political intrigue, and the social climate surrounding the election.

This trade card advertises Julius Lansburgh, Carpet Furnisher, located at 315 Seventh Street, Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a young girl holding a cat. The style of the illustration suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic. The back of the card is blank. [Julius Lansburgh's brothers, Gustav and James, founded the Lansburgh & Bro. department store, a prominent D.C. retailer from 1860 to the 1960s. By 1875, Julius established the Julius Lansburgh Furniture Company, relocating several times within the shopping district to find the optimal location. His brothers eventually occupied an entire city block for their department store. After retiring from the furniture business, Julius opened an interior decorating business, which he operated until 1928, when he became ill.]

This book contains two speeches by Hon. Edward Joy Morris. The first, delivered in the House of Representatives of the United States on April 24, 1844, defends the Tariff of 1842 and its protective policies. The second speech, originally delivered before the Pennsylvania Legislature on March 4, 1842, advocates for American industry and protective duties. The 1842 speech is reprinted here with an introduction urging voters to support Morris, the Democratic Whig Tariff candidate in the 1846 election against Lewis C. Levin of the American Party (Levin won).

This three-page pamphlet is a congressional document (Doc. No. 10) from the 28th Congress, 1st Session, dated December 16, 1843. It presents the arguments of booksellers, publishers, and binders in favor of international copyright law. The document lists numerous booksellers, publishers, and binders from major cities across the United States. Of particular note is the inclusion of Samuel Hart Sr. (1805-1896) of Charleston, South Carolina, a prominent figure in the Jewish community, among the signatories. Notably, Samuel Hart (1810-1885) of Philadelphia did not sign the memorial.

Autograph letter signed from U.S. Senator David Levy Yulee of Florida to Federal District Court Judge Isaac H. Bronson, written in Washington, D.C. on September 20, 1850. Yulee discusses the Civil and Defense bill before the Senate, his upcoming trip to New York, and an effort to expose a falsehood. The letter is a bifolium with contemporary docketing.

This 1849 report, submitted to the Secretary of the Navy, details the findings of a scientific expedition led by Lieutenant William F. Lynch to the Dead Sea and the Jordan River. The expedition, one of the earliest U.S. government explorations of the Holy Land, determined the Dead Sea's location below sea level. The report includes an accompanying map and is presented in document form. The report's condition is good, with some edge wear, age toning, and uncut pages. The map is in fine condition with fold creases.

This congressional report from December 23, 1833, addresses a claim filed by the administrators of the estate of Michael Gratz. The report recommends payment to the estate for lost Continental Office Loan Certificates dating back to 1779. The report references a letter from Gratz (dated June 3, 1779, from Williamsburg) explaining that the funds from these certificates were used to procure goods from West Indies ports during the Revolutionary War.

Two-page letter written by David Levy Yulee to J. W. Pearson on February 1, 1846, from Washington, D.C. The letter details Yulee's plans for a log house and was written during his first term as a U.S. Senator (1845-1851).

This document is a deed of sale for Lot 19, Parcel 533 in Washington, D.C., dated May 15, 1827. Charlotte Abigail Myers and Mordecai Cohen Myers, a Jewish family from Georgetown, South Carolina, sold the land to John A. Smith of Washington City for $350. The land was inherited from David Pollock. The deed is signed by William Cranch, subscriber of Deeds for the District of Columbia, and witnessed by Solomon Cohen. A verso notation indicates that notary Thomas R. Mitchell appeared before William Cranch as subscribing witness on January 22, 1828. The main portion of the deed is handwritten by a secretary. William Brent, Clerk of the Court for the District of Columbia, also signed the document.

A four-page stampless letter/broadside, dated March 3, 1842. The first page is a printed broadside summoning John A. Washington to appear before a Naval General Court Marshal presided over by Commander Uriah P. Levy. The court marshal was sitting in Baltimore at Barnum's Hotel. Subsequent pages include correspondence between the Judge Advocate and Washington regarding Levy's request for Washington's testimony. Addressed to J. A. Washington at Mount Vernon, near Alexandria, Virginia. A note by J.C.W. is also present on the outside page.

This pamphlet contains the speech delivered by Congressman Leonard Myers of Pennsylvania in the House of Representatives on March 24, 1866. Myers, a Republican, addresses the responsibilities of Congress following the Civil War, advocating for strict Congressional control over the defeated Confederate states and outlining his vision for Reconstruction. He emphasizes the importance of liberty regulated by law as the safeguard of the republic. Published by the Congressional Globe Office in Washington, D.C., this 16-page speech is printed in double columns.

This 21-page booklet contains the speech delivered by Lewis Cass to the United States Senate on May 15, 1854, advocating for the protection of American citizens, including Jews, residing or traveling in foreign countries. Printed at the Congressional Globe Office in Washington, D.C., this first edition emphasizes the equal protection afforded to all American citizens regardless of religious affiliation.

This document comprises three excerpts from the Congressional Globe, the precursor to the Congressional Record, from the 24th Congress, 1st Session (circa 1856). These excerpts detail congressional deliberations concerning the establishment of a Hebrew congregation in Washington, D.C. The exact dates of the debates are not specified in this document.

This trade card advertises I. Hamburger & Sons, clothiers, located at 615 Penn St., Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a boy holding a flower. The image is likely meant to evoke a sense of youth and freshness, associating the clothing with a youthful, positive image. The style suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic. The back of the card is blank. A second image exists in the record but does not appear to be part of the same trade card.

Issue of the National Intelligencer newspaper published in Washington, District of Columbia on January 29, 1825. The newspaper contains a paragraph in favor of the Maryland Jew Bill (page 1, column 5) and a full-page advertisement for Cohen's Lottery (page 3).

Four-page letter written on Senate Chamber letterhead by U.S. Senator John P. Jones (Nevada) to William Ralston on March 12, 1875. The letter discusses an appointment Ralston seeks, pending legislation, and Adolph Sutro's lobbying efforts against mining patents near the Comstock Lode.

This pamphlet details the proceedings of the 1852 Democratic National Convention held in Baltimore, Maryland. The document lists the 49 ballots cast, highlighting the eventual victory of Franklin Pierce, a 'dark horse' candidate described as a Northerner with Southern principles. Of particular interest is the mention of Solomon Cohen, a Georgia delegate to the convention. The pamphlet offers a snapshot of the political climate of the time and the participation of Jewish individuals in American politics.

This single-page document is from the 44th Congress Report 181, dated January 29, 1874. It details a claim filed by Louis Rosenbaum, a merchant from Las Cruces, New Mexico, for a lost check worth $1,424.37. The check was issued in payment for goods delivered to Camp Bowie, Arizona. The report also notes that S. Schiffer did not receive their check and recommends that both checks be replaced.

Single-page circular General Order No. 15, issued by the War Department in Washington, D.C., on January 19, 1863. The order dismisses Assistant Surgeon A. J. Baxter from the U.S. Army and revokes the muster-out of Additional Paymaster Joseph A. Nunes. The order was received at the Brigade on January 31, 1863. The circular measures approximately 5" x 7 1/2".

This congressional report, dated 1824-1825 and finalized in 1829, documents the claim of Moritz Furst, a renowned Jewish Hungarian engraver and medalist, for compensation from the U.S. government. Furst, who was enticed to the United States in 1807 to serve as an engraver at the Philadelphia Mint but never received the position, details his career and the years of appeals to Congress to resolve this matter. The report includes supporting letters from prominent figures, notably a letter of support from President James Monroe dated March 1, 1825, and correspondence from individuals including E.S. Lazarus (uncle of Emma Lazarus) and Aaron J. Phillips, attesting to Furst's qualifications and contributions. The document highlights Furst's significant contributions as a medalist, particularly his work on War of 1812 medals, as well as his skill as a seal cutter, engraver, and diesinker.

This congressional report, dated July 29, 1841, is addressed to the 27th Congress, 1st Session. It contains a series of questions and answers from the Secretary of War concerning the Seminole Wars. The report's specific purpose is to provide Congress with information regarding the ongoing conflict and related matters. It also mentions David Levy Yulee, who is referenced in the document's context.

Collection of five documents pertaining to the Civil War bounty claim of Lucius M. Fanning, a bugler in Company B, 1st Connecticut Volunteer Artillery. The documents include an application for additional bounty (October 24, 1866), two letters from E. B. French, Auditor of the Treasury Department (January 21, 1867), confirming the validity of the bounty and authorizing payment, and two letters from the Paymaster General's Office (January 22, 1867), regarding the disbursement of the bounty to attorney B. D. Hyam for forwarding to Fanning. The documents detail Fanning's military service, his entitlement to the $100 bounty under the Act of Congress approved July 28, 1866, and the processing of his claim. The documents were filed by Attorney B.D. Hyam in Washington D.C.

A one-page letter written by Arthur Wellington Hart in New York City on February 17, 1860, to Congressman Roger Atkinson Pryor in Washington, D.C. The letter discusses political issues, including the "Black Republicans," John Brown's Raid, and the Massachusetts Republican Beecher, Cheeves School. Hart mentions his relative, Moses Myers of Norfolk, Virginia.

This trade card advertises Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located in Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a fox jumping to reach grapes in a tower. The tower is surrounded by a vine. The background of the card is a reddish-brown. The card has a light blue border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located on 7th Street in Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a depiction of an imp or sprite beating a drum. The image is likely intended to be eye-catching and memorable for potential customers. The illustration style and color palette suggest a late 19th-century origin. The back of the card is blank. A second image in the record shows a different, less detailed version of the same trade card.

A single-page letter written and signed by Aaron Moise on October 6, 1828, from the Courier Office in Charleston, South Carolina. The letter is addressed to Major J.H. Cook, U.S. Army, in Washington, D.C., confirming the discontinuation of Charleston Courier subscriptions for officers of the 6th U.S. Infantry Regiment in St. Louis, Missouri, upon expiration of their 18-month subscription. The letter was written by Moise on behalf of A.S. Willington, editor and co-founder of the Charleston Courier.

Application for active membership in the Washington Light Infantry Corps submitted by George H. De Leon on March 31, 1879, in Washington, D.C. The application was approved on April 14, 1879. De Leon later served in the Spanish-American War.

A one and one-quarter page broadside, General Order No. 152, issued by the United States War Department on October 6, 1862, in Washington, District of Columbia. This order permits rabbis to serve as military chaplains, reissuing General Order No. 91 of July 17, 1862.

This trade card advertises Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 404 & 406 Seventh Street in Washington, D.C. The front of the card depicts a whimsical scene featuring a clown seemingly frightened by a black hand. The illustration is colorful and employs a cartoonish style. The back of the card is blank.

Two-page autograph letter signed by Judah P. Benjamin, dated February 5, 1861, from Washington, D.C., to an unknown recipient. The letter discusses Benjamin's plans to return home and subsequently write from New Orleans or Montgomery. The date is significant, as it falls the day after Louisiana joined the Confederacy, highlighting Benjamin's concerns about potential arrest.

A one-page letter written by Dr. A. S. Bettelheim, Rabbi of the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation, on July 5, 1887, documenting the conversion of Miss Katie Huber (given the Jewish name Deborah daughter of Abraham). The letter includes Dr. Bettelheim's stamp. This letter is one of nine documents from the Albert Sigfried Bettelheim archive.

This trade card advertises M. Strasburger's Capitol Hill Shoe Store, located at 205 Pennsylvania Avenue East in Washington, D.C. The front of the card features a depiction of a volcanic scene, likely intended as a decorative element. The business name, address, and type of business are clearly printed. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Saks & Co., described as 'The Leading Clothiers' and located at 316 Seventh Street, Washington D.C. The card features a detailed, stylized image of the company's storefront. It is printed in black and white, with the store name and address centered and printed in a bold, sans-serif typeface. The card is bordered in a simple, geometric pattern. The back is blank.

Broadside explaining the requisition procedure for supplies in the Union Army. Issued by Philp & Solomons, a Washington D.C. bookstore, circa 1861-1865. The verso includes addresses of officers and an advertisement for Philp & Solomons Metropolitan Bookstore.

This trade card advertises the Misfit Store, a clothing establishment located at the corner of 10th and F Streets in Washington, D.C. The front of the card (Image 1) depicts a charming scene of young girls feeding swans. The image is likely intended to evoke a sense of elegance and refinement, associating these qualities with the clothing sold at the store. The text on the card reads, “Misfit Store Clothing…Corner 10th & F., Washington DC.” The back of the card (Image 2) is blank. [According to Google, the proprietor was Harry Friedlander. In the Victorian era, a “misfit” was a custom-made garment rejected by a client. “Misfit Parlors” resold these garments at lower prices.]

Petition recommending the appointment of William J. McCormack as Justice of the Peace for Washington County's 5th Ward. Signed by 24 residents of Washington, D.C., including Mayor James G. Berret, and endorsed by President James Buchanan. The petition is dated November 1858 and includes the signature of R. Cohen among the petitioners. The document measures 10x8 inches and is written on recto and verso.

Autograph letter signed by Henry T. Blanchard to his parents and siblings from Camp Brightwood, Washington, D.C., dated December 1, 1861. The four-page letter, written on letterhead featuring an engraved view of Camp Brightwood by L.R. Rosenthal of Philadelphia, details life at the camp. Included is the original cover, also featuring the engraving, addressed to Erastus Blanchard of Providence, Rhode Island. The letterhead depicts Camp Brightwood, 2nd Rhode Island, Col. Frank Wheaton, Comd'g.

This is one of a set of five trade cards from Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 404 and 406 Seventh Street, NW, Washington, D.C. This particular card depicts an Asian child playing a violin. The image is likely from an 1880s era trade card. The back of the card is blank. [In the 1860s, brothers Gustav and Max Lansburgh opened Baltimore House, a small fancy goods store, which was the predecessor to the landmark Lansburgh's Department Store. Both brothers were active in Jewish affairs. Gustav's daughter, Minnie Lansburgh Goldsmith, became known for her Jewish philanthropy in Washington, D.C.]

This record contains a set of five trade cards for Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 404 and 406 Seventh Street, NW, Washington, D.C. This is an early address for the business. One card, depicted in the thumbnail image, features a drawing of an Asian child playing the violin. The back of this card is blank. The remaining four cards are not described. [In the 1860s, brothers Gustav and Max Lansburgh opened Baltimore House, a small fancy goods store, the predecessor to the landmark Lansburgh's Department Store. Both brothers were active in Jewish affairs. Gustav's daughter, Minnie Lansburgh Goldsmith, became known for her Jewish philanthropy in Washington, D.C.]

This is one of a set of five trade cards for Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 404 and 406 Seventh Street, NW, Washington, D.C. This particular card depicts an Asian child playing a violin. The image is likely a chromolithograph, suggesting a relatively high-quality print for the time. The back of the card is blank. [In the 1860s, brothers Gustav and Max Lansburgh opened Baltimore House, a small fancy goods store, which later became the landmark Lansburgh's Department Store. Both brothers were active in Jewish affairs. Gustav's daughter, Minnie Lansburgh Goldsmith, became known for her Jewish philanthropy in Washington, organizing her first fundraising event at age 18.]

This record contains a set of five trade cards for Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 404 and 406 Seventh Street, NW, Washington, D.C. One card in this set, depicted in the available image, shows a drawing of an Asian child playing a violin. The back of this card is blank. [The early address on the card suggests the cards date to before Lansburgh's moved to its larger landmark location on 7th Street.]. The other four cards are described as separately listed but their images are not currently available. [In the 1860s, brothers Gustav and Max Lansburgh opened Baltimore House, a small fancy goods store, which predated the department store. Both brothers were active in Jewish affairs. Minnie Lansburgh Goldsmith, daughter of Gustav Lansburgh, was known for her Jewish philanthropy in Washington, D.C.]

This is one of a set of five trade cards advertising Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 404 and 406 Seventh Street, NW, Washington, D.C. This particular card depicts an Asian child playing a violin. The image is likely meant to evoke a sense of elegance and refinement, associating the store with high-quality goods. The back of the card is blank. [In the 1860s, brothers Gustav and Max Lansburgh opened Baltimore House, a small fancy goods store that predated the landmark Lansburgh's Department Store. Both brothers were active in Jewish affairs. Gustav's daughter, Minnie Lansburgh Goldsmith, became a prominent figure in Jewish philanthropy in Washington, D.C.]

This record contains a set of four Victorian-era trade cards advertising Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 420 and 406 Seventh Street NW, Washington, D.C. The image shows one card from the set. This particular card depicts a teacher with a group of clown-like boys. The style is characteristic of late 19th-century illustration. The card is primarily in color. The back of this card is blank. [Further details about the other three cards in the set are not available in the present description, although they are advertised as having various illustrations].

This is one of four trade cards for Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 420 and 406 Seventh Street NW, Washington, D.C. This card features a teacher and two young clown-like boys, and the inscription “Dry Goods”. The reverse of the card is blank. [Lansburgh & Bro. was a prominent dry goods store in Washington, D.C. It was founded by brothers Isaac and Jacob Lansburgh.]

This is one of four trade cards advertising Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 420 and 406 Seventh Street in Washington, D.C. The front of the card depicts a teacher with two clown boys. The back of the card is blank.

This is one of four trade cards for Lansburgh & Bro., a dry goods store located at 420 and 406 Seventh Street in Washington, D.C. The card features an illustration of a female teacher surrounded by two young clown-like boys. One boy has a red hat and a red and yellow striped vest. The other boy has a black hat, a blue jacket, and yellow trousers. The teacher has a red and green checkered dress with a white collar. The illustration suggests a playful, family-friendly atmosphere associated with the store. The back of the card is blank.

Autograph letter from Pennsylvania Senator Andrew Gregg to Aaron Levy, dated Washington, D.C., February 12, 1805. Gregg discusses inquiries regarding Mr. Phillipson and the Committee of Commerce and Manufacturing in Philadelphia. Levy docketed the letter in Yiddish. The letter measures 8" x 10" and is written on rag paper with folds and an integral address leaf.

Draft of a letter from Dr. Paul Haupt to James E. Rhoads, concerning Bryn Mawr College business and the scientific and moral character of a Dr. Collitz. Written in Washington, District of Columbia, circa 1885.