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Constitution and By-Laws of the Hebrew Benevolent Society of Memphis, Tennessee

Constitution and By-Laws of the Hebrew Benevolent Society of Memphis, Tennessee

This pamphlet contains the constitution and by-laws of the Hebrew Benevolent Society of Memphis, Tennessee, instituted September 1st, 1850. This copy belonged to Reverend Isaac Leeser and represents the earliest organized Jewish association in Tennessee. The document details the society's structure, rules, and objectives, offering insight into the early development of Jewish communal life in Memphis.

Billhead - Stern & Rothstein, Baltimore, Maryland, October 18, 1912

Billhead - Stern & Rothstein, Baltimore, Maryland, October 18, 1912

Credit bill from Stern & Rothstein, makers of the Lord Baltimore brand of Young Men's, Boys, and Juvenile Clothing. Located at 311 & 313 Baltimore Street, and 308 & 310 W. German Street, Baltimore, Maryland. The bill is dated October 18, 1912 and was issued to J.W. Olweiler. The billhead features an illustration of three children, a decorative border, and ornate Victorian-style lettering.

Billhead - Sauls Brothers, Columbus, Georgia, March 18, 1903

Billhead - Sauls Brothers, Columbus, Georgia, March 18, 1903

Billhead from Sauls Brothers, manufacturers of Sauls' Automatic Ice Can Filler, located in Columbus, Georgia. Dated March 18, 1903. The bill is made out to Pittsburg Brewing Company of Mt. Pleasant, Pennsylvania. It lists an item purchased for 600 dollars, likely the 2-1 1/4 foot valves for the ice can filler. The billhead has a printed header with bold text and a company logo, along with a list of services and products provided by the company. The billhead states that Sauls Brothers manufactures largely, and can always ship promptly and guarantee satisfaction. The bill is signed by a representative of the company, and the payment is noted as paid on 4/1/1903.

Letter from A. Cahn to Jacobs & Mayer Regarding the Seizure of Leoney & Co.'s Goods, Grenada, Mississippi, January 8, 1849

Letter from A. Cahn to Jacobs & Mayer Regarding the Seizure of Leoney & Co.'s Goods, Grenada, Mississippi, January 8, 1849

Two-page letter written in German from A. Cahn in Grenada, Mississippi, to Jacobs & Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1849. Cahn requests that Jacobs & Mayer place a notice in New York and Philadelphia newspapers warning merchants against extending credit to M. Leoney (Marcus Levy), whose business has ceased to exist and whose goods have been seized by Cahn.

Letter from Isaac Mayer to Lazarus Mayer, Warrenton, Virginia, March 22, 1848

Letter from Isaac Mayer to Lazarus Mayer, Warrenton, Virginia, March 22, 1848

A one-and-a-half-page stampless letter written in German from Isaac Mayer to Lazarus Mayer, care of Jacobs & Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated March 22, 1848, the letter discusses business matters, specifically mentioning spools and steel. Related correspondence includes items 20.512, 20.518, and others detailing communications among Jewish merchants and Jacobs & Mayer. A later notation on the letter suggests a date of March 29, 1849.

Letter from H. Fuhrman & Co. to Jacobs Mayer & Co., May 18, 1848

Letter from H. Fuhrman & Co. to Jacobs Mayer & Co., May 18, 1848

A one-half page commercial letter, written in English, from H. Fuhrman & Co. in Delphi, Indiana to Jacobs Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 18, 1848. The letter discusses business matters, including a draft for $1000 to James Speas at Tweedy & Coulter in New York. It is part of a series of correspondence between Jewish merchants and Jacobs & Mayer (located at 215 1/2 Market Street, Philadelphia).

Letter from Abraham De Young to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Formation of a Congregation in Lafayette, Louisiana, November 9, 1849

Letter from Abraham De Young to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Formation of a Congregation in Lafayette, Louisiana, November 9, 1849

A one-page letter written by Abraham De Young, President of a newly formed congregation in Lafayette, Louisiana, to Isaac Leeser on November 9, 1849. The letter announces the congregation's new rented temple and lists its officers: Jacob Meyer (VP), H. Asher (VP), Benjamin Goldenberg (Trustee), B. Frank (Trustee), Julius Sayer (Secretary), and N. Grunsburger (Treasurer). An excerpt from a later Occident article provides an update on the congregation's status and membership.

Oath of Principal Officers of the Schooner "The Good Friends", Maracaibo, Venezuela, 1826 September 15

Oath of Principal Officers of the Schooner "The Good Friends", Maracaibo, Venezuela, 1826 September 15

Official document, signed twice by Abraham Nones (1794-1835), attesting to the oath of principal officers of the U.S.A. schooner "The Good Friends" of Philadelphia. The document includes a consular seal and dates from September 15, 1826, Maracaibo, Columbia. Additional dates mentioned are July 19, 1826, and July 27, 1826, and possibly relate to other legal proceedings connected to this vessel.

Letter from Baltimore Police to the Mayor of Lancaster Regarding the Arrest of Henry Kobler Musselman and Lewis Wilman, April 2, 1839

Letter from Baltimore Police to the Mayor of Lancaster Regarding the Arrest of Henry Kobler Musselman and Lewis Wilman, April 2, 1839

Letter dated April 2, 1839, from the Baltimore Police to the Mayor of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, informing him of the arrest of Henry Kobler Musselman and Lewis Wilman, suspected murderers of a Jewish peddler. The letter requests further information from Lancaster for the suspects' final commitment. The event generated sufficient interest to warrant a pamphlet account of the trial printed in Lancaster in 1839. Lazarus Zellerbach, a Pittsburgh resident and one of five known Jews in Pittsburgh in 1839, is mentioned.

Letter from J. B. Levy, Camp of the 16th Pennsylvania Infantry, October 25, 1864

Letter from J. B. Levy, Camp of the 16th Pennsylvania Infantry, October 25, 1864

Four-page letter written by J. B. Levy from the Camp of the 16th Pennsylvania Infantry on October 25, 1864. Levy discusses the Civil War, the upcoming presidential election, and expresses his religious beliefs, stating his firm belief that God's hand is in the conflict. The letter provides insights into the experiences and perspectives of a soldier during the Civil War.

Letter from Moses Cohen Mordecai to Isaac Leeser Regarding Financial Assistance for Reinah Judah, January 5, 1855

Letter from Moses Cohen Mordecai to Isaac Leeser Regarding Financial Assistance for Reinah Judah, January 5, 1855

A one-page letter dated January 5, 1855, from Moses Cohen Mordecai in Charleston, South Carolina, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Mordecai declines Leeser's request for financial assistance for Reinah Judah, citing family obligations and questioning the extent of Judah's need. This letter provides insight into the personal and financial circumstances of various individuals within the Jewish community in the mid-19th century United States.

Letter from Isidor Bush to Isaac Leeser, January 6, 1851

Letter from Isidor Bush to Isaac Leeser, January 6, 1851

Two-page letter written by Isidor Bush on January 6, 1851, from St. Louis, Missouri, to Reverend Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Bush details his financial struggles and despair after his business failed in New York City. A second, German-language letter to Dormitzer in New York City is also included, discussing debts and a request to reinstate a subscription to *The Occident*.

Letter from M. N. Nathan and Gershom Kursheedt to Isaac Leeser, October 1, 1850

Letter from M. N. Nathan and Gershom Kursheedt to Isaac Leeser, October 1, 1850

Three-page letter dated October 1, 1850, from Rabbi M. N. Nathan and Gershom Kursheedt in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Rabbi Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses the contract between K.K. Beni Israel and Rabbi Nathan, expresses indignation at Leeser's treatment by Mikveh Israel Congregation, and offers advice regarding Leeser's future.

Letter from Solomon Nunes Carvalho to Isaac Leeser, Charleston, South Carolina, October 15, 1851

Letter from Solomon Nunes Carvalho to Isaac Leeser, Charleston, South Carolina, October 15, 1851

A one-page letter written by Solomon Nunes Carvalho to Isaac Leeser on October 15, 1851, from Charleston, South Carolina. Carvalho details his incapacitation due to a boil, apologizes for delayed correspondence, relays a book order, and concludes due to his illness. This letter is one of five in the collection showcasing the correspondence between these two prominent figures in the American Jewish community.

Letter from A. Englander to Isaac Leeser Regarding Congregation Emanu-El, San Francisco, October 20, 1860

Letter from A. Englander to Isaac Leeser Regarding Congregation Emanu-El, San Francisco, October 20, 1860

Four-page letter written by A. Englander of Congregation Emanu-El in San Francisco to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia on October 20, 1860. The letter details Dr. Elkan Cohn's inaugural sermons, discusses internal congregational debates, notes the growth of Jewish communities in California, and includes a postscript mentioning Isaac Wise. The letter provides valuable insight into the early history of Congregation Emanu-El and the development of Reform Judaism in San Francisco.

Letter from Henry Illowy to Isaac Leeser, October 24, 1865

Letter from Henry Illowy to Isaac Leeser, October 24, 1865

Five-page letter dated October 24, 1865, from Henry Illowy in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Illowy, the seventeen-year-old son of Rabbi Henry Illowy, rebukes Leeser for his criticism of his father and accuses Leeser of playing politics between Reform and Orthodox factions within American Judaism to maintain his position. The letter reveals tensions within American Judaism during this period.

Letter from Joseph Jacobsohn to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Reform Movement in New Orleans, June 28, 1865

Letter from Joseph Jacobsohn to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Reform Movement in New Orleans, June 28, 1865

A five-page letter dated June 28, 1865, from Joseph Jacobsohn in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter details the takeover of the Congregation Schaarey Chased synagogue by German young men from the North, their establishment of a Reform temple, and the subsequent resignation of Rabbi Bernard Illowy. It provides a firsthand account of the development of the post-Civil War Reform movement in New Orleans and the conflict between Orthodox and Reform Judaism.

Letter from J. R. Hershorn to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Retirement of Solomon Pareira, October 4, 1858

Letter from J. R. Hershorn to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Retirement of Solomon Pareira, October 4, 1858

Three-page letter written by J. R. Hershorn to Isaac Leeser on October 4, 1858, from Providence, Rhode Island, detailing a surprise celebration for the retirement of Solomon Pareira, president and founder of the Sons of Israel and David. Hershorn describes the goblet presented to Pareira and includes the text of Pareira's retirement address. The letter also mentions numerous other individuals.

Letter from L. Jarodawski to Isaac Leeser Regarding Mr. Levy's Illness in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 11, 1852

Letter from L. Jarodawski to Isaac Leeser Regarding Mr. Levy's Illness in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 11, 1852

A 1 ¼ page letter written by L. Jarodawski of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 11, 1852. Jarodawski describes the illness and impending death of Mr. Levy, who had traveled to Pittsburgh from Philadelphia. He appeals to Leeser to mediate with Mr. Levy's brother, Tobias, concerning the financial burden placed on Pittsburgh's small Jewish community (30 families) by Mr. Levy's illness and inability to pay.

Letter from Isaac Hart to Isaac Leeser, November 26, 1856

Letter from Isaac Hart to Isaac Leeser, November 26, 1856

Four-page letter from Isaac Hart in New Orleans, Louisiana to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated November 26, 1856. Hart expresses sympathy for Leeser's lack of appreciation and discusses the growing influence of other Jewish publications. This letter provides insight into the personal challenges faced by Leeser and the development of Jewish life in New Orleans.

Letter from Dr. A. Gunzburg to Isaac Leeser, November 28, 1853

Letter from Dr. A. Gunzburg to Isaac Leeser, November 28, 1853

Two-page letter (in German with translation) from Dr. A. Gunzburg to Isaac Leeser. Written in Baltimore, Maryland on November 28, 1853, Gunzburg offers to supply an article for Leeser and discusses the possibility of selling books at Leeser's Hebrew school. The letter references both Baltimore and Philadelphia.

Letter from David Judah to Isaac Leeser, November 4, 1847

Letter from David Judah to Isaac Leeser, November 4, 1847

A letter written by David Judah to Isaac Leeser on November 4, 1847, discussing the distribution of books, the financial affairs of the Occident, the prospects of a Mr. Block, and the recent death of Grace Aguilar. The letter was written from Baltimore, Maryland, and sent to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Letter from Henry Myers to Isaac Leeser Regarding the United Hebrew Congregation of St. Louis, November 6, 1849

Letter from Henry Myers to Isaac Leeser Regarding the United Hebrew Congregation of St. Louis, November 6, 1849

A two-page letter written by Henry Myers, secretary of the United Hebrew Congregation of St. Louis, Missouri, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 6, 1849. The letter details the significant growth of the congregation, noting attendance at High Holidays and praising their new Hazzan, Nathan Davidson. This letter was subsequently published in *The Occident* (Vol. VII, No. 9, Kislev 5610, December 1849).

Letter from Jonas Goldsmith to Isaac Leeser, November 7, 1861

Letter from Jonas Goldsmith to Isaac Leeser, November 7, 1861

A one-page letter written in German (with an English translation) from Jonas Goldsmith in Baltimore, Maryland to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 7, 1861. Goldsmith requests a subscription at half price, referencing a similar offer made by Dr. Wise to educators.

Letter from David Judah and Zalma Rehine to Isaac Leeser, December 13, 1830

Letter from David Judah and Zalma Rehine to Isaac Leeser, December 13, 1830

A one-page letter dated December 13, 1830, from David Judah and Zalma Rehine in Baltimore, Maryland to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Judah discusses closing his castor oil business and requests Leeser to inform Solomon Levy. Rehine's note mentions unfavorable business dealings with Mr. Jacobs and sends greetings to the Pixiotto family. The letter offers insight into Jewish commercial activities and challenges in the early 19th century. Additional notes discuss the context of this letter within a larger collection of correspondence between Leeser and Judah and Rehine, highlighting a significant gap in their communication and suggesting family connections. The description also includes information about Zalma Rehine's role in the Baltimore Jewish community and a reference to an advertisement from the Richmond Enquirer (July 5, 1822) featuring a Jewish-owned business.

Letter from S. Baroway to Louis Levy Regarding Jewish Immigrants in Baltimore, December 14, 1892

Letter from S. Baroway to Louis Levy Regarding Jewish Immigrants in Baltimore, December 14, 1892

Letter from S. Baroway, agent for the Baltimore Committee of the Baron de Hirsch Fund, to Louis Levy in Philadelphia. Dated December 14, 1892, the letter responds to Levy's request for the number of Jewish immigrants who arrived in Baltimore in September, October, and November 1892. The letter is written on the letterhead of the Baltimore Committee of the Baron de Hirsch Fund, located at 1208 East Baltimore Street. Levy's address is given as S.E. Corner 7th & Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

Letter from Isaac Hart to Isaac Leeser, February 14, 1867

Letter from Isaac Hart to Isaac Leeser, February 14, 1867

Two-page letter written by Isaac Hart in Detroit, Michigan to Isaac Leeser on February 14, 1867. Hart explains his reasons for not joining a congregation in Detroit after two years of residence and describes a 45-member social club he has formed. The letter is written on the letterhead of D. J. Workum, purveyor of hats, caps, and men's furnishing goods.

Letter from Morris J. Raphall to Isaac Leeser, March 16, 1854

Letter from Morris J. Raphall to Isaac Leeser, March 16, 1854

Two-page letter from Morris J. Raphall (1798-1868) to Isaac Leeser, dated March 16, 1854. Written from New York City, the letter discusses Raphall's translation for publication in *The Occident*, his use of "you" vs. "thou," and his decision to postpone including material about Judah Touro (who died January 13, 1854). Raphall also requests a proof before publication.

Letter from Abraham Cohen Labatt to Isaac Leeser, March 16, 1854

Letter from Abraham Cohen Labatt to Isaac Leeser, March 16, 1854

Four-page letter written by Abraham Cohen Labatt of San Francisco, California, to Isaac Leeser of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on March 16, 1854. Labatt details the growth of San Francisco's Jewish community, its need for a rabbi, and the fundraising efforts for a new synagogue building. The letter provides valuable insight into the early development of Jewish life in San Francisco.

Letter from Jesse Joseph to Isaac Leeser, March 19, 1848

Letter from Jesse Joseph to Isaac Leeser, March 19, 1848

Two-page letter from Jesse Joseph in Montreal, Quebec, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated March 19, 1848. Joseph discusses personal matters, including a potential romantic relationship, and mentions a recent marriage within the Solomon family. The letter provides insight into the personal life of Jesse Joseph, contrasting with his public image as a lifelong bachelor.

Letter from A. Bloch to Isaac Leeser, Cincinnati, Ohio, March 2, 1833

Letter from A. Bloch to Isaac Leeser, Cincinnati, Ohio, March 2, 1833

Three-page letter written by A. Bloch in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on March 2, 1833. The letter details personal matters, including family health and the writer's sorrow at being separated from his mother and friends in Bohemia. It suggests a pre-existing friendship between Bloch and Leeser from Bohemia. This letter is considered to be the earliest extant Jewish immigrant letter from Ohio.

Letter from David Judah to Isaac Leeser, April 20, 1830

Letter from David Judah to Isaac Leeser, April 20, 1830

Autograph letter signed from David Judah to Isaac Leeser, written in Baltimore, Maryland on April 20, 1830. The letter discusses the poor health of Zalma Rehine and suggests a visit. It also mentions events involving Mr. Etting. This letter is part of a larger correspondence between Judah and Leeser spanning from 1826 to 1849.

Letter from S. Wolff to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Suicide of E.L. Andrews, Mobile, Alabama, April 21, 1848

Letter from S. Wolff to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Suicide of E.L. Andrews, Mobile, Alabama, April 21, 1848

Five-page letter written by S. Wolff of Mobile, Alabama, to Isaac Leeser of Philadelphia on April 21, 1848, detailing the suicides of E.L. Andrews in Mobile and his brother Z. Andrews in New Orleans. The letter describes the financial collapse of E.L. Andrews' firm due to the cotton market and the circumstances surrounding the suicides. The letter also mentions societal prejudices against Jews in Mobile.

Letter from Isaac Leeser to Zalma Rehine, May 1, 1837

Letter from Isaac Leeser to Zalma Rehine, May 1, 1837

A three-page letter written by Isaac Leeser to his uncle, Zalma Rehine, on May 1, 1837, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, discussing family matters, the economic impact of the Panic of 1837 on Jewish businessmen, and business dealings. The letter offers insights into the personal and professional life of Isaac Leeser and the economic climate of the time.

Letter from Moses N. Nathan to Isaac Leeser, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, May 1, 1866

Letter from Moses N. Nathan to Isaac Leeser, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, May 1, 1866

Four-page letter written by Reverend Moses N. Nathan on May 1, 1866, from St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, to Reverend Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Nathan discusses the status of religious services, the health of his assistant, the progress of Leeser's plans for a college in Philadelphia, the government's indecision regarding public worship, unfilled positions in Southern congregations, and the effects of aging.

Letter from David Judah to Isaac Leeser, May 20, 1848

Letter from David Judah to Isaac Leeser, May 20, 1848

Letter from David Judah in Baltimore, Maryland to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated May 20, 1848. The letter concerns travel arrangements and family matters. This correspondence is part of a larger collection spanning several years, with a notable gap between 1831 and 1848. Judah's involvement in the slave trade is also noted in secondary sources.

Letter from Levi H. Levingston to Isaac Leeser, May 25, 1860

Letter from Levi H. Levingston to Isaac Leeser, May 25, 1860

Two-page letter written by Levi H. Levingston in Bethania, North Carolina, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 25, 1860. Levingston inquires about biblical interpretations and thanks Leeser for previously ordered books. The letter reflects on his impending departure from Bethania at the outset of the Civil War.

Letter from Moses Ehrlich to Isaac Leeser Regarding Judah Touro's Bequest, May 3, 1854

Letter from Moses Ehrlich to Isaac Leeser Regarding Judah Touro's Bequest, May 3, 1854

A one-page letter dated May 3, 1854, from Moses Ehrlich in Boston, Massachusetts, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses the controversy surrounding Judah Touro's bequests and the conflict between recently arrived Eastern European Jews and the German Jewish establishment in Philadelphia. Ehrlich requests Leeser to publish congregational resolutions related to the dispute and to intervene with the estate's executors.

Letter from Isidor Hochstauber to Isaac Leeser, May 31, 1852

Letter from Isidor Hochstauber to Isaac Leeser, May 31, 1852

One-page letter written by Isidor Hochstauber on May 31, 1852, from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Hochstauber expresses his strong interest in subscribing to *The Occident*, a periodical he had received from Solomon Jacob Spiegelberg. This letter is notable for its connection to early Jewish settlement in Santa Fe.

Letter from David Judah to Isaac Leeser, May 5, 1830

Letter from David Judah to Isaac Leeser, May 5, 1830

A 1 ¼ page letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 5, 1830. Judah offers advice to Leeser, who recently assumed his position at Mikveh Israel, cautioning him against overly critical behavior. The letter also includes local news, mentioning the closure of Leeser's uncle's store and the success of Sam Etting. Further correspondence between the two men is noted from 1826-1831 and 1848-1849, with a significant gap in between. David Judah is identified as a leading member of the Richmond Synagogue and a merchant, and also as an auctioneer who dealt in slaves.

Letter from John Belton O'Neall to Isaac Leeser Regarding a Case Involving Jewish Merchants and the 'Blue Laws' of Charleston, South Carolina, August 8, 1848

Letter from John Belton O'Neall to Isaac Leeser Regarding a Case Involving Jewish Merchants and the 'Blue Laws' of Charleston, South Carolina, August 8, 1848

This letter, dated August 8, 1848, is from John Belton O'Neall, Chief Justice of the South Carolina Court, to Isaac Leeser, editor of *The Occident*, in Philadelphia. O'Neall addresses concerns raised by the Jewish community regarding his opinion in the case *City Council vs. Benjamin*. This case involved alleged slander by the Charleston city council and revolved around the interpretation and application of the 'Blue Laws'. O'Neall defends his statement that he knows "no other standard of good morals" than Christianity, clarifying that this reference encompassed the entirety of the Bible, not just the New Testament. The letter demonstrates the intersection of legal proceedings, religious interpretations, and social prejudices against the Jewish community in 19th-century America.

Letter from W. B. Simmons to Isaac Leeser, June 22, 1843

Letter from W. B. Simmons to Isaac Leeser, June 22, 1843

Two-page letter dated June 22, 1843, from W. B. Simmons in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Simmons discusses difficulties receiving copies of *The Occident*, the appointment of Mr. Carillon as minister, and recent Reform changes within the Jewish community. He describes a dream of meeting Leeser and being awakened by an earthquake.

Letter from Moses Montefiore to Sabato Morais, June 3, 1864

Letter from Moses Montefiore to Sabato Morais, June 3, 1864

One and a half page letter dated June 3, 1864, from Sir Moses Montefiore in Ramsgate, England, to Rabbi Sabato Morais in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Montefiore expresses gratitude for Morais's note commending his efforts with the Sultan of Morocco on behalf of oppressed Jews. The letter is written by a secretary and signed by Montefiore.

Letter from S. Valentine to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Shearith Israel Congregation, Charleston, South Carolina, June 6, 1854

Letter from S. Valentine to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Shearith Israel Congregation, Charleston, South Carolina, June 6, 1854

A one-page letter written by S. Valentine, Secretary of the Shearith Israel Congregation in Charleston, South Carolina, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 6, 1854. Valentine discusses the conflict between Orthodox and Reform Jews in Charleston, noting the ridicule faced by Orthodox congregations but highlighting the flourishing state of Shearith Israel. He encloses the proceedings of the congregation (not included in this archival item).

Letter from W. B. Simmons to Isaac Leeser, July 19, 1844

Letter from W. B. Simmons to Isaac Leeser, July 19, 1844

Two-page letter written by W. B. Simmons of St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 19, 1844. Simmons details the recent death of his wife, discusses challenges within the St. Thomas Jewish community, including the dismissal of the Hazan, Mr. Carrillon, and mentions book and newspaper matters.

Letter from Isaac Leeser to Zalma Rehine, July 20, 1837

Letter from Isaac Leeser to Zalma Rehine, July 20, 1837

A three-page letter written by Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to his uncle, Zalma Rehine, in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 20, 1837. The letter details the financial aspects of Leeser's book publishing ventures and discusses his concerns regarding his upcoming re-election to a congregational position.

Letter from Raphael J. De Cordova to Sabato Morais, July 6, 1860

Letter from Raphael J. De Cordova to Sabato Morais, July 6, 1860

Two-page letter written by Raphael J. De Cordova in New York, New York, to Rabbi Sabato Morais in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 6, 1860. De Cordova seeks Morais's advice on transitioning his public lectures from humorous to serious topics focusing on the condition of Jews in civilized countries, specifically requesting input on the situation of Jews in Italy.

Letter from M. M. Davis to Isaac Leeser, July 9, 1866

Letter from M. M. Davis to Isaac Leeser, July 9, 1866

A one-page letter written by M. M. Davis of New York, New York, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 9, 1866. Davis requests Leeser's assistance in finding a Catholic orphanage in Philadelphia to train a young girl in domestic service, citing Leeser's extensive connections with charitable institutions. He also inquires about Leeser's health. The letter includes a few lines of response in Leeser's handwriting.

Letter from Henry Illowy to Isaac Leeser, August 21, 1865

Letter from Henry Illowy to Isaac Leeser, August 21, 1865

Two-page letter written by Henry Illowy in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 21, 1865. Illowy discusses his father's departure as rabbi in New Orleans and includes a commentary on the unsuccessful candidacy of Mr. Wechsler for the ministerial position.

Letter from B. F. Peixotto to Isaac Leeser, November 30, 1865

Letter from B. F. Peixotto to Isaac Leeser, November 30, 1865

Letter written by B. F. Peixotto in Cleveland, Ohio to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 30, 1865. The letter discusses Bnai Brith and lodge donations. It is written on the stationery of Davis, Peixotto & Co., located at 3 & 5 Water Streets. The envelope includes a printed return address for B. F. Peixotto, Cor. Sec., Cleveland Library Association.

Letter from Jacob Ezekiel to Sabato Morais Regarding the Hebrew Union College, April 1, 1878

Letter from Jacob Ezekiel to Sabato Morais Regarding the Hebrew Union College, April 1, 1878

Two-page letter dated April 1, 1878, from Jacob Ezekiel, Secretary of the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Rabbi Sabato Morais of Mikveh Israel Congregation in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses plans for a preparatory school for the Hebrew Union College in Philadelphia and the effort to establish a National Union of Congregations. The letter is written on Ezekiel & Co. stationery.

Letter from Jacob Ezekiel to Sabato Morais Regarding Hebrew Union College and a National Union of Congregations, May 8, 1878

Letter from Jacob Ezekiel to Sabato Morais Regarding Hebrew Union College and a National Union of Congregations, May 8, 1878

Two-page letter written on May 8, 1878, by Jacob Ezekiel, Secretary of the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Rabbi Sabato Morais of Mikveh Israel Congregation in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter concerns efforts to establish a national union of congregations, with Mikveh Israel's refusal to join. Ezekiel requests Morais' continued participation in the upcoming annual student examinations in June, despite Mikveh Israel's decision. The letter is written on official Hebrew Union College stationery and enclosed in an official envelope.

Letter from Divina Cohen Minis and Phillipa Minis to Sarah Ann Minis Hays, Savannah and Philadelphia, circa 1835

Letter from Divina Cohen Minis and Phillipa Minis to Sarah Ann Minis Hays, Savannah and Philadelphia, circa 1835

Four-page letter (8" x 9.5") written circa 1835 by Divina Cohen Minis (1787-1874) and Phillipa Minis in Savannah, Georgia, to Sarah Ann Minis Hays in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses personal matters and mentions Captain Uriah P. Levy and the death of Gratz. Phillipa's portion is written diagonally over her mother's script. The letter's address in Philadelphia was the corner of Sansome and 8th Streets.

Letter from Zalma Rehine to Isaac and Jacob Leeser, Baltimore, Maryland, January 15, 1833

Letter from Zalma Rehine to Isaac and Jacob Leeser, Baltimore, Maryland, January 15, 1833

A one-page letter written by Zalma Rehine from Baltimore, Maryland, on January 15, 1833, to Isaac and Jacob Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter offers advice and encouragement to Jacob, who had recently immigrated to America, urging him to learn English and conduct himself well in business. It also mentions potential business contacts for Jacob. This letter provides insight into family relationships and the experiences of early Jewish immigrants in the United States.

Letter from S.M. Daurt in Curaçao to Isaac Leeser, October 26, 1848

Letter from S.M. Daurt in Curaçao to Isaac Leeser, October 26, 1848

Two-page letter from S.M. Daurt in Curaçao to Reverend Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated October 26, 1848. Daurt discusses community news and expresses concerns about the size of books published by Leeser, suggesting they be made smaller for easier handling, particularly by young girls. He also mentions complaints about Leeser's agent in New York City.

Letter from T. Levin to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Congregation Chevra Cheneses Shalom, Syracuse, New York, October 7, 1852

Letter from T. Levin to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Congregation Chevra Cheneses Shalom, Syracuse, New York, October 7, 1852

A three-page letter from T. Levin to Isaac Leeser, dated October 7, 1852, providing an update on the progress of Congregation Chevra Cheneses Shalom in Syracuse, New York, one month after its consecration by Leeser. The letter details the success of the High Holidays services, the election of Isaac H. Bronner as president, and the efforts to retain Rev. H. A. Henry as minister. The letter also reflects the growing Reform movement within the congregation by 1861.

Letter from B. M. Emanuel to Isaac Leeser, Evergreen, Alabama, November 12, 1844

Letter from B. M. Emanuel to Isaac Leeser, Evergreen, Alabama, November 12, 1844

A one-page letter written by B. M. Emanuel in Evergreen, Alabama, on November 12, 1844, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Emanuel requests prayer books for himself and other Jews in Claiborne, Alabama (Levy, Meirs, Rothschild, and Hirshfeld). This letter offers insight into the challenges faced by Jews in maintaining religious connections in small Southern towns.

Letter from J. Myer to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Montgomery, Alabama Synagogue, December 6, 1848

Letter from J. Myer to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Montgomery, Alabama Synagogue, December 6, 1848

A one-page letter dated December 6, 1848, from J. Myer in Montgomery, Alabama, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses the election of officers and the rental of a synagogue in Montgomery. Signatories include P. Krans (VP), Emanuel Lehman (Secretary), Henry Weil (Treasurer), M. Englander (Trustee), and Charles Levy (Trustee). This letter pertains to the establishment of the first synagogue in Montgomery, Alabama, initially organized as the Orthodox Congregation Kahl Montgomery.

Letter from Isidor Bush to Isaac Leeser, February 16, 1849

Letter from Isidor Bush to Isaac Leeser, February 16, 1849

A one and a half page letter written in German (with English translation) from Isidor Bush in New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated February 16, 1849. Bush apologizes to Leeser for starting a competing Jewish weekly newspaper, *Israel's Herald*, expressing concern about its impact on Leeser's *The Occident*. Bush discusses the newspaper's short-lived existence and his subsequent move to St. Louis.

Letter from W. B. Simmons to Isaac Leeser, St. Thomas, February 3, 1848

Letter from W. B. Simmons to Isaac Leeser, St. Thomas, February 3, 1848

One-page letter from W. B. Simmons in St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated February 3, 1848. Simmons discusses ordering matzos and themurim from James Henry in New York City and the sale of Leeser's books. A postscript mentions Charleston's interest in obtaining books.

Letter from Bernard Henry Gotthelf to Isaac Leeser, Louisville, Kentucky, March 20, 1850

Letter from Bernard Henry Gotthelf to Isaac Leeser, Louisville, Kentucky, March 20, 1850

A five-page letter written in German by Rabbi Bernard Henry Gotthelf of Louisville, Kentucky, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on March 20, 1850. The letter details Gotthelf's experiences and observations about his congregation, including the size of the student body at the local school (80-100 students), the religious observance of the community (many stores closed on Sabbath), and the composition of the congregational board. A full English translation is included.

Letter from Isaac Mayer Wise to Isaac Leeser, March 22, 1850

Letter from Isaac Mayer Wise to Isaac Leeser, March 22, 1850

A letter written by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise of Albany, New York to Rabbi Isaac Leeser of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 22, 1850. The letter discusses Wise's opinions on Dr. Raphael, a figure involved in a debate with Reverend Pozanski in Charleston, South Carolina. The letter offers insight into the diverging views of Wise and Leeser, foreshadowing their later falling out.

Letter from Isaac Hart to Isaac Leeser, April 11, 1853

Letter from Isaac Hart to Isaac Leeser, April 11, 1853

Two-page letter dated April 11, 1853, from Isaac Hart in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses the election of new trustees for the Shanarai-Chasset Congregation, financial contributions from Mr. Block of Washington, Arkansas, the vacancy of a minister in the Portuguese Congregation, and a gift presented to Mr. Marks. Hart also mentions his reluctance to accept further office within the congregation.

Letter from B. Wurmser to Isaac Leeser, Boston, May 15, 1848

Letter from B. Wurmser to Isaac Leeser, Boston, May 15, 1848

A two-page letter written in German from B. Wurmser in Boston, Massachusetts to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 15, 1848. The letter discusses the election of officers for the first congregation in Boston (established 1844), the proposed introduction of a three-year cycle in religious observance, the progress of a religious school, and the activities of the Ladies Hebrew Benevolent Society.

Letter from Mrs. A. Bloch to Isaac Leeser, May 22, 1835

Letter from Mrs. A. Bloch to Isaac Leeser, May 22, 1835

A two-page personal letter written by Mrs. A. Bloch to Isaac Leeser on May 22, 1835. The letter was written from Baltimore, Maryland, and discusses Mrs. Bloch's feelings about not hearing from Leeser, her family life, and her sadness related to a recent loss in Leeser's family. It offers insight into Leeser's relationships with friends who had immigrated from Europe to the United States.

Letter from Isidor Bush to Isaac Leeser, May 6, 1857

Letter from Isidor Bush to Isaac Leeser, May 6, 1857

A one and one-quarter page letter, written in German with a translation, from Isidor Bush in St. Louis, Missouri to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 6, 1857. Bush requests Leeser to review an article and includes personal commentary.

Letter from Zalma Rehine to Isaac Leeser, June 24, 1839

Letter from Zalma Rehine to Isaac Leeser, June 24, 1839

One-page letter written by Zalma Rehine from Warrenton, Virginia to his nephew, Isaac Leeser, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 24, 1839. Rehine describes his vacation with his ailing wife at the Barkley Springs resort, detailing the cost and amenities. A sketch is included on the blank page of the letter.

Letter from Lewis Abraham to Isaac Leeser Regarding Synagogue Seating Practices, June 8, 1852

Letter from Lewis Abraham to Isaac Leeser Regarding Synagogue Seating Practices, June 8, 1852

A one and a half page letter dated June 8, 1852, from Lewis Abraham in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abraham inquires about various synagogue practices in the United States concerning seating charges and ownership, noting the 'thoughtless management' of Jewish legislation on the continent. He mentions forming a committee to consider policy in Cincinnati and plans to contact other religious leaders and laity.

Two Letters to Isaac Leeser on One Sheet, September 4 and 6, 1845

Two Letters to Isaac Leeser on One Sheet, September 4 and 6, 1845

This archival item consists of two letters written to Isaac Leeser on a single sheet. The first letter, dated September 4, 1845, is from Abraham Lewis in Cincinnati, Ohio. The second, more substantial letter, dated September 6, 1845, is from Joseph Jonas, also in Cincinnati, to Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Jonas, an English Jew who arrived in Cincinnati in 1817, discusses the challenges of establishing a Jewish Institute in Cincinnati, expressing his disappointment in the 'rude and uneducated' recent German Jewish immigrants. He also mentions charitable contributions made for those affected by the Great Pittsburgh Fire. Jonas's letter further reveals his plea to simplify the content of Leeser's *Occident* magazine to make it more accessible to less educated Jewish readers. This collection offers a rare glimpse into the experiences of early Jewish settlers in the Ohio River Valley and the complexities of the Jewish community in the mid-19th century.

Letter from Mariam Gratz Hays to Rebecca Gratz, July 1, 1841

Letter from Mariam Gratz Hays to Rebecca Gratz, July 1, 1841

Four-page letter written by Mariam Gratz Hays to Rebecca Gratz on July 1, 1841. Hays writes from Bordentown, New Jersey, to Gratz in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses family matters and provides insight into their lives. This unpublished letter was found tipped into Rebecca Gratz's family Bible.

Letter from Mendes I. Cohen to Isaac Leeser, July 22, 1849

Letter from Mendes I. Cohen to Isaac Leeser, July 22, 1849

A one-page letter written by Mendes I. Cohen of Baltimore, Maryland to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 22, 1849. Cohen writes on behalf of Rev. S. M. Isaacs of New York City, requesting Leeser to publicize the job search of Rev. Professor David M. Isaacs of Liverpool, England, who was seeking a position in the United States.

Letter from M. W. Strouse to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Consecration of Congregation B'nei B'rith, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1849

Letter from M. W. Strouse to Isaac Leeser Regarding the Consecration of Congregation B'nei B'rith, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1849

Two-page letter from M. W. (Morris) Strouse, Corresponding Secretary of the newly formed Congregation B'nei B'rith in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, to Isaac Leeser. Dated August 14, 1849, the letter outlines the resolutions of the congregation, announces its consecration on August 31, 1849, with Reverend S. M. Isaacs delivering the sermon, and requests the sale of prayer books on commission.

Letter from Henry Lowenthal to Isaac Leeser Regarding Difficulties at Congregation Kahal Kadosh Beth Israel, Macon, Georgia, August 17, 1860

Letter from Henry Lowenthal to Isaac Leeser Regarding Difficulties at Congregation Kahal Kadosh Beth Israel, Macon, Georgia, August 17, 1860

Three-page letter written by Reverend Henry Lowenthal to Isaac Leeser on August 17, 1860, from Macon, Georgia. Lowenthal details his difficulties with Congregation Kahal Kadosh Beth Israel, describing the mismatch between the congregation's expectations and his own, and his subsequent decision to seek another position. The letter also includes historical information about the founding of Congregation Kahal Kadosh Beth Israel in Macon.

Letter from Louis Spanier to Isaac Leeser, August 4, 1850

Letter from Louis Spanier to Isaac Leeser, August 4, 1850

A one-page letter written in German (with a provided translation) by Louis Spanier of Albany, New York, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 4, 1850. Spanier expresses his disdain for Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise and urges Leeser to publicly censure him. The letter foreshadows a contentious event at Beth-El in Albany the following month.

Trade Card for Dalsheimer Bros., Shoe Merchants

Trade Card for Dalsheimer Bros., Shoe Merchants

This trade card advertises Dalsheimer Bros., a shoe merchant with locations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Camden, New Jersey. The front of the card features a large, central illustration of a shoe. [The back of the card contains a detailed map of the streets where the Dalsheimer Bros. stores are located.] The business address is prominently displayed at the top of the card: 410 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA. WEST & HARTMAN STS. CAMDEN N.J.

Trade Cards: William Loeb & Co. and Lerch & Rice Co., Jewelry, Providence, Rhode Island and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

Trade Cards: William Loeb & Co. and Lerch & Rice Co., Jewelry, Providence, Rhode Island and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

This record contains two trade cards. The first card advertises William Loeb & Co., of Providence, Rhode Island. The front of the card features a branch of red and ink roses. The back of this card advertises rings and diamonds made by Loeb & Co. in Providence, Rhode Island. The second card shows an advertisement for Lerch & Rice Co., of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where the jewelry was for sale. The back of this card is blank.

Letter from Moses Michael Hays to Michael Gratz, June 4, 1765

Letter from Moses Michael Hays to Michael Gratz, June 4, 1765

A half-page letter dated June 4, 1765, from Moses Michael Hays in New York to Michael Gratz in Philadelphia. Hays requests Gratz forward an enclosed letter (now missing) to Abraham Sarzedas in Charleston, South Carolina, via Isaac DaCosta. The letter also mentions an enclosed letter for Elias Miranda and Hays's wishes for Gratz's upcoming business trip to Curaçao. The cover is addressed to Gratz but notes it is "in favor Mr. Levy."

Autograph Letter Signed, Isaac Moses to Moses Myers, August 8, 1784

Autograph Letter Signed, Isaac Moses to Moses Myers, August 8, 1784

Autograph letter signed by Isaac Moses to Moses Myers, dated August 8, 1784. Written from New York, New York, the letter discusses business matters, including the shipwreck of the North Britain, family news, and financial concerns. The recipient, Moses Myers, was a merchant in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This letter offers insight into colonial American Jewish life and business practices.

Deed of Conveyance from Solomon Moses to Isaac Moses, March 24, 1818

Deed of Conveyance from Solomon Moses to Isaac Moses, March 24, 1818

Four-page deed of conveyance, dated March 24, 1818, from Solomon Moses to Isaac Moses for $1.00. This legal document transfers property from Solomon to Isaac and his son, Moses Levy Moses, following the dissolution of Isaac Moses & Sons. The deed lists the property owned by Isaac Moses at his death and includes mention of land on Long Island. Signed by Solomon Moses, his wife Rachel Gratz Moses, and witnessed by Benjamin Gratz and Reuben Etting. It also bears the signature of William Tilghman, Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.

Business Letter from A. J. Latz to Lazarus Mayer, January 10, 1850

Business Letter from A. J. Latz to Lazarus Mayer, January 10, 1850

A one-page business letter written by A. J. Latz in St. Louis, Missouri, to Lazarus Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 10, 1850. Latz explains his financial difficulties, heavy losses, and slow collections, stating his inability to continue business and assuring Mayer of his intentions to pay his creditors.

Billhead - M. L. Levy, New York, New York, December 4, 1872

Billhead - M. L. Levy, New York, New York, December 4, 1872

Billhead - M.L. Levy...Watches, Jewelery and Watch Material....14 John Street, room 3, New York, New York .....12/11/1872...part of a group of 9 invoices 1870-1874, each with major commercial detail...all made out to W. Hunt in Uniontown, PA. During this time span Mr. Levy is in three different locations.

Billhead - M. L. Levy, New York, New York, June 13, 1873

Billhead - M. L. Levy, New York, New York, June 13, 1873

Invoice from M. L. Levy, importer of watches, jewelry, and watch materials, located at No. 14 John Street, room 3, New York, New York. Dated June 13, 1873. The bill lists a variety of watch parts and materials purchased by W. Hunt of Uniontown, Pennsylvania, including gold and silver watch parts, chains, and other items, with corresponding quantities and prices. The billhead is simple and features handwritten details in a plain style.

Billhead - M. L. Levy, New York, November 19, 1874

Billhead - M. L. Levy, New York, November 19, 1874

Invoice from M. L. Levy, a dealer in watches, jewelry, and materials, located at 14 John Street, Room 3, New York City. Dated November 19, 1874, the bill is made out to W. Hunt of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The transaction lists an itemized purchase of materials, likely parts for watches or jewelry, such as pins, rings, and watch parts. The prices of each item are written out. The billhead is a handwritten document.

Billhead - M. L. Levy, New York, New York, July 16, 1870

Billhead - M. L. Levy, New York, New York, July 16, 1870

Invoice from M. L. Levy, importer of watches, jewelry, and watch materials located at No. 11 Maiden Lane, New York, New York, dated July 16, 1870. The invoice shows a list of purchases, including a variety of watch parts and materials, for a total of 117.40. The invoice was made out to W. Hunt of Uniontown, Pennsylvania, and likely included in a group of nine invoices covering the period 1870-1874.

Billhead - M. L. Levy, New York, New York, December 16, 1873

Billhead - M. L. Levy, New York, New York, December 16, 1873

Invoice from M. L. Levy, a dealer in watches and jewelry, located at 14 John Street, room 3, New York, New York. The bill is dated December 16, 1873, and lists the purchase of various jewelry items, including a gold guard chain, ear rings, and a silver ring, by W. Hunt, of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The transaction includes a detailed breakdown of items and prices. The billhead has a printed header, ornate lettering, and clear details of the business address and transaction.

Billhead - M. L. Levy, New York, New York, June 5, 1874

Billhead - M. L. Levy, New York, New York, June 5, 1874

Billhead of M. L. Levy, a seller of watches, jewelry, and gold-plated chains, located at 14 John Street, Room 3, New York, New York. The bill is dated June 5, 1874, and is addressed to W. Hunt of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The transaction includes a list of items purchased, quantities, prices, and a total amount due at the bottom of the bill. The billhead displays the company name and address in elegant script.

Billhead - Levy, Dreyfus & Co., New York, New York, June 29, 1883

Billhead - Levy, Dreyfus & Co., New York, New York, June 29, 1883

Invoice from Levy, Dreyfus & Co., importers and manufacturers, located at No. 11 Maiden Lane, New York City. Dated June 29, 1883. The bill lists numerous items, including optical goods, such as lenses, and other items, including a “Stereoscope stamp” and a “Reg. Compass.” Sold to William Hunt of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The billhead is handwritten. The business was a prominent jeweler and importer of optical goods. The business’s address, the date, and the names of both the buyer and seller appear clearly on the billhead.

Billhead - Levy, Dreyfus & Co., New York, October 27, 1883

Billhead - Levy, Dreyfus & Co., New York, October 27, 1883

Billhead for Levy, Dreyfus & Co., importers and manufacturers located at No. 11 Maiden Lane, New York, New York. Dated October 27, 1883, this bill displays an itemized list of goods purchased by William Hunt, of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The bill lists a variety of goods including watch parts, eyeglasses, opera glasses, and “look keys”, indicating that the business sold various optical and watch-related items. The billhead notes that the business is the sole agent for Eureka Watch Dials, and a manufacturer of Imperial Spectacles and Eye Glasses.

Billhead - Levy, Dreyfus & Co., New York, New York, March 17, 1884

Billhead - Levy, Dreyfus & Co., New York, New York, March 17, 1884

An invoice from Levy, Dreyfus & Co. of New York, NY, dated March 17, 1884. The business was an importer and manufacturer of supplies for watchmakers, jewelers, engravers, and opticians. The bill is for a purchase made by William Hurst of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The bill lists 23 different items and their prices. It features a printed header with ornate lettering and decorative borders. The header also advertises the business's products, including optical instruments, mathematical instruments, crescent spectacles, eye glasses, and cresent opera glasses.

Letter from John Wagner to Mordecai & Co., Charleston, South Carolina, July 6, 1852

Letter from John Wagner to Mordecai & Co., Charleston, South Carolina, July 6, 1852

A letter dated July 6, 1852, from John Wagner to Mordecai & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina. The letter, which is a broadside with a cover from the M.C. Mordecai Co., discusses coal for their steamship Isabel bound for Cuba. The broadside also lists the signatures of agents of Mordecai & Co., including Moses Cohen Mordecai, J.R. Mordecai, Isaac Eger Hertz, and J.A. Enslow.

Trade Card: H. S. & H. N. Goldenberg, Dry Goods, Millinery, and Carpets, Central Pennsylvania

Trade Card: H. S. & H. N. Goldenberg, Dry Goods, Millinery, and Carpets, Central Pennsylvania

This trade card advertises H. S. & H. N. Goldenberg, described as "The Golden Eagle," the largest dry goods, millinery, and carpet house in Central Pennsylvania. The front of the card depicts children playfully constructing a house out of what appears to be building blocks or similar materials. This imagery likely symbolizes home-building and the provision of house furnishings. The style suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic. The back of the card is blank.

Letter from Henry Hays to Seth Low & Co., January 27-28, 1834

Letter from Henry Hays to Seth Low & Co., January 27-28, 1834

A two-and-a-half-page letter dated January 27-28, 1834, from Henry Hays in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Seth Low & Co. in New York City. Hays details his financial troubles, promising to repay debts and outlining a plan for settling his accounts with creditors. The letter reflects the business practices and financial anxieties of the time.

Commercial Letter from Thalheimer & Hirsch to Rhoades & Grosvenor, May 29, 1874

Commercial Letter from Thalheimer & Hirsch to Rhoades & Grosvenor, May 29, 1874

A commercial letter written by Thalheimer & Hirsch, manufacturers of the Centennial Shirt, to Rhoades & Grosvenor on May 29, 1874. The letter, originating from 14 Bank Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, expresses dissatisfaction with received cloth. The letterhead features a patriotic design incorporating an eagle, the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, and a Star of David containing "C100", a registered trademark dating back to May 2, 1872. The letter measures approximately 12 x 8 1/2 inches.

Billhead - David Marks & Sons, New York, New York, September 27, 1887

Billhead - David Marks & Sons, New York, New York, September 27, 1887

Invoice from David Marks & Sons, located at 447 Broadway and 24 Mercer Street, New York, New York. Dated September 27, 1887, the bill lists an itemized list of items purchased, likely clothing, by Honig & Schutter, of Hazleton, Pennsylvania. The billhead includes a handwritten date and a detailed listing of the transaction, with handwritten checkmarks. The billhead has a printed header, ornate lettering, and a horseshoe logo. Decorative elements include a company name banner.

Billhead - A. Sellner & Co., New York, New York, August 29, 1888

Billhead - A. Sellner & Co., New York, New York, August 29, 1888

Invoice from A. Sellner & Co., manufacturers of men's, boys', and children's pants. The business is located at 577 Broadway in New York, New York. Dated August 29, 1888. The bill lists a large number of items, likely pants or other clothing items, purchased by Honig & Schutter. The billhead also states that Sellner & Co. has moved to a new location: 5 & 7 East 4th Street, N.Y.

Trade Card: B. Bloch & Co., One Price Clothing House, Phoenixville, Pennsylvania

Trade Card: B. Bloch & Co., One Price Clothing House, Phoenixville, Pennsylvania

This trade card advertises B. Bloch & Co., a "One Price Clothing House" located at 174 Bridge Street in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. The front of the card features a lively illustration of men playing cricket, suggesting a focus on athletic or leisure wear. The text clearly indicates the store's name, address, and a sales promotion: "car fare paid on $2.00 sales." The back of the card is blank.

Billhead - Hirshberg, Hollander & Co., Brodbecks, Pennsylvania, September 4, 1884

Billhead - Hirshberg, Hollander & Co., Brodbecks, Pennsylvania, September 4, 1884

Invoice from Hirshberg, Hollander & Co., painters and artists supplies, located at 195, 197, and 240 West Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland. Dated September 4, 1884. The bill lists the purchase of 200 pounds of Lewis Lead at a price of $11.70 by S. B. Brodbeck of Brodbecks, Pennsylvania. The billhead features an ornate Victorian-style header, displaying a company logo and an itemized list of the transaction. The billhead also lists a variety of products sold by the company, including brushes, glues, oils, glass, and varnishes.

Letter from Isaac Wolf to Jacobs, Mayers & Co., April 29, 1847

Letter from Isaac Wolf to Jacobs, Mayers & Co., April 29, 1847

A one-page letter, approximately 7-7/8" x 9-3/4", written in German and English, from Isaac Wolf in Fort Wayne, Indiana to Jacobs, Mayers & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 29, 1847. The letter discusses business matters, mentions other Jewish individuals, and includes a Fort Wayne, Indiana cds postmark. A small area of paper loss is present on the address panel.

Billhead - Hammerslough Bros., New York, New York, April 24, 1886

Billhead - Hammerslough Bros., New York, New York, April 24, 1886

Invoice for goods purchased from Hammerslough Bros., manufacturers and jobbers of men's and youths' clothing. Located at 478-480 and 482 Broadway and 435 Broome Street in New York City. Dated April 24, 1886. The bill is addressed to Honig & Schutter in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. The bill lists several items, including linen vests, duck vests, and some unnamed items. The billhead displays a handwritten header with an address and ornate lettering. The invoice features handwritten calculations, an itemized list, and a small check mark at the bottom.

Bill of Exchange from Edmond Charles Genet to Abraham Sasportas

Bill of Exchange from Edmond Charles Genet to Abraham Sasportas

Bill of exchange for $444, written in Charleston, South Carolina on August 9, 1793, payable to Abraham Sasportas from Edmond Charles Genet, French Ambassador to the United States. The bill is endorsed on the verso by Abraham Sasportas. This document is a significant piece of Judaica Americana, highlighting the commercial activities of Abraham Sasportas, a prominent Jewish merchant in Charleston known for his trade with France and his later dealings with James Madison regarding British privateering.

Business Letter from Nathan Levi & Co. to C. G. Sigood, September 10, 1877

Business Letter from Nathan Levi & Co. to C. G. Sigood, September 10, 1877

One-page business letter written on the letterhead of Nathan Levi & Co., located at the corner of Mill and Market Streets in Rochester, New York. Dated September 10, 1877, the letter was sent to C. G. Sigood in Wellsboro, Pennsylvania. The letterhead indicates that Nathan Levi & Co. were dealers in clothing, engaged in manufacturing and wholesale business. Additional names, Levi, Nathan | Lichtenstein, Rudoph | Rothschild, Bernard, are listed on the letter.

In Defence of the Tariff of 1842, and the Protective Policy and American Labor

In Defence of the Tariff of 1842, and the Protective Policy and American Labor

This book contains two speeches by Hon. Edward Joy Morris. The first, delivered in the House of Representatives of the United States on April 24, 1844, defends the Tariff of 1842 and its protective policies. The second speech, originally delivered before the Pennsylvania Legislature on March 4, 1842, advocates for American industry and protective duties. The 1842 speech is reprinted here with an introduction urging voters to support Morris, the Democratic Whig Tariff candidate in the 1846 election against Lewis C. Levin of the American Party (Levin won).

Billhead - S. Dessau, New York, New York, April 24, 1883

Billhead - S. Dessau, New York, New York, April 24, 1883

Billhead from S. Dessau, an importer of diamonds, carbon, bortz, and precious stones. The billhead is dated April 24, 1883 and was sent to William Hunt of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The bill details a single transaction involving the purchase of a stone from S. Dessau by William Hunt. The billhead features a printed header with the business name and address, along with the company's terms of payment. The text has ornate Victorian-style lettering and is framed within a header section.

Report of the Committee of Commerce and Manufactures on the Petitions of John Devereux, William and Archibald M'Neal, and Moses Myers

Report of the Committee of Commerce and Manufactures on the Petitions of John Devereux, William and Archibald M'Neal, and Moses Myers

This is an eight-page congressional report from January 11, 1796, detailing the petitions of several importers, including Moses Myers, seeking remission of duties. The report, prepared by the U.S. House Committee on Commerce and Manufactures, was presented to the House and referred to a committee of the whole. The document quotes Moses Myers regarding his business activities in Norfolk, Virginia. Printed by Francis Childs in Philadelphia.

Autograph Letter Signed by Marx Edgeworth Lazarus to Charles Willing, December 1, 1847

Autograph Letter Signed by Marx Edgeworth Lazarus to Charles Willing, December 1, 1847

Autograph letter signed by Marx Edgeworth Lazarus (1822-1896), written in Baltimore, Maryland on December 1, 1847, to Dr. Charles Willing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The four-page letter discusses Lazarus's experiences as the first Jewish student at Georgetown University, his involvement in a farm school and utopian socialist commune in Maryland, and his thoughts on religion and society. It also mentions his friends Truxton and Edward Beale, with details about Edward's exploits in the Mexican-American War in California.

Letter from Samuel Pettigrew to Caleb Taylor, December 10, 1817

Letter from Samuel Pettigrew to Caleb Taylor, December 10, 1817

A letter dated December 10, 1817, from Samuel Pettigrew in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Caleb Taylor, a druggist in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pettigrew orders various drugs and encloses $200, utilizing a method to protect the money from theft during transit. The letter provides insight into the commercial transactions and security practices of the time.

Business Letter from Felix Kahn to L. Mayer & Co., September 1851

Business Letter from Felix Kahn to L. Mayer & Co., September 1851

A business letter dated September 1851, written by Felix Kahn in Nashville, Tennessee, to L. Mayer & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter details an order for dry goods, including ginghams, tablecloths, spoons, razors, handkerchiefs, and stockings. Kahn requests prompt shipment and specifies the desired assortment and pricing. The letter provides insights into commercial transactions and the dry goods trade in the mid-19th century United States.

Map of Aaronsburg, Pennsylvania, 1810

Map of Aaronsburg, Pennsylvania, 1810

Engraved map of Aaronsburg, Pennsylvania, published in New York by E. Low in 1810. The map depicts Aaronsburg, founded in 1786 by Aaron Levy, the first town in Pennsylvania planned and named after a Jewish settler. The map also includes details about the town's layout, its planned streets, and its location in Centre County, Pennsylvania.

Letter from Jacob Rodrigues Peynado to Isaac Leeser, August 15, 1849

Letter from Jacob Rodrigues Peynado to Isaac Leeser, August 15, 1849

Autograph letter from Jacob Rodrigues Peynado of Hackney, London, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated August 15, 1849. Peynado, a contributor to *The Occident*, discusses the pedagogical error of forbidding children from reading the New Testament, arguing that it leaves Jewish youth unprepared to defend their faith against Christian inquiries. He proposes that Jews should instead teach the New Testament critically.

Autograph Letter Signed from Jacob Ezekiel to Isaac Leeser Regarding Chinese Jews, May 9, 1853

Autograph Letter Signed from Jacob Ezekiel to Isaac Leeser Regarding Chinese Jews, May 9, 1853

Autograph letter signed from Jacob Ezekiel to Isaac Leeser, written in English on May 9, 1853. The letter discusses the plight of Chinese Jews and proposes ways American Jews can offer support, both spiritually and financially. The letter references articles in *The Occident* and suggests sending emissaries to China to teach Hebrew. Three pages, with an autograph address panel. Written in Richmond, Virginia, and addressed to Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Handwritten Letter from H. A. Henry to Isaac Leeser, San Francisco, June 20, 1865

Handwritten Letter from H. A. Henry to Isaac Leeser, San Francisco, June 20, 1865

A three-page handwritten letter from H. A. Henry in San Francisco to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, dated June 20, 1865. Written in English with some Hebrew words, the letter discusses book orders, settling accounts, the impact of Civil War food prices and high taxes on Henry's income, and current events in San Francisco, including the progress of Orthodox German Jews who separated from the Reform movement and the dwindling attendance at Reform Friday evening services. The letter also mentions Mr. Koshland of San Francisco, a Mr. Myers, and Rev. Mr. Isaac of New York. A few lines of text are missing.

Letter from C. B. Fibleman to Isaac Leeser, October 23, 1866

Letter from C. B. Fibleman to Isaac Leeser, October 23, 1866

Two-page letter from C. B. Fibleman of Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated October 23, 1866. The letter is an invitation from the Chattanooga Hebrew Benevolent Association to Leeser, listing all the association's officers and emphasizing the hospitality of the Chattanooga Jewish community.

Letter from Isidor Bush to Isaac Leeser, June 15, 1849

Letter from Isidor Bush to Isaac Leeser, June 15, 1849

A one-page letter in German from Isidor Bush to Isaac Leeser, dated June 15, 1849. Bush discusses his withdrawal from publishing *Israel's Herald*, a short-lived Jewish weekly, in favor of Leeser's publications and inquires about collaborating on a Hebrew catalogue and acquiring German type for printing. The letter reflects the close relationship between key figures in the development of American Jewish publishing in the 19th century.

Letter from W. Frohlichstein to Isaac Leeser Regarding Congregation Dorshey Zedek, Mobile, Alabama, 1856

Letter from W. Frohlichstein to Isaac Leeser Regarding Congregation Dorshey Zedek, Mobile, Alabama, 1856

A one and a half page letter written in German from W. Frohlichstein, Secretary of Congregation Dorshey Zedek in Mobile, Alabama, to Isaac Leeser on February 3, 1856. The letter transmits the minutes of the congregation's meeting, lists elected officers, and details the presentation of gifts to Rev. J. Epstein. The letter provides insight into the early history of the congregation and its relationship with the broader Jewish community.

Letter from S. M. Isaac to Isaac Leeser, April 10, 1848

Letter from S. M. Isaac to Isaac Leeser, April 10, 1848

A one-page letter from S. M. Isaac in New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, dated April 10, 1848 (Hebrew year 5609). The letter requests further details for Attorney Mr. Morrison regarding Leeser's litigation against Mr. Solomon. The letter includes some Hebrew text.

Letter from Lewis Samuel to Isaac Leeser, September 9, 1852

Letter from Lewis Samuel to Isaac Leeser, September 9, 1852

A one and one-quarter page letter written by Lewis Samuel of Liverpool, England, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 9, 1852. Samuel responds positively to a prospectus for Leeser's Bible translation, orders copies, and offers publishing suggestions. He also expresses his views on congregants deemed unworthy of religious roles.

Records of Ahaveth Sholem Lodge No. 160, Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, Corry, Pennsylvania, 1871-1893

Records of Ahaveth Sholem Lodge No. 160, Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, Corry, Pennsylvania, 1871-1893

This collection comprises nineteen documents related to Ahaveth Sholem Lodge No. 160 of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, located in Corry, Pennsylvania. The documents date from 1871 to 1893 and include reports, financial records, administrative records, letters, and a membership certificate book. The materials detail the lodge's founding and early years, providing insights into its activities and membership. One item of note is a ceremonial leather apron bearing the lodge's insignia. The collection offers a glimpse into the history of this fraternal organization in Corry, Pennsylvania, a town situated northeast of Erie, Pennsylvania, near the New York state border.

Collection of 39 Miscellaneous Commercial Documents from Mayer Sulzberger's 1880 European Trip

Collection of 39 Miscellaneous Commercial Documents from Mayer Sulzberger's 1880 European Trip

This collection comprises 39 miscellaneous commercial documents related to Mayer Sulzberger's European trip in 1880. The materials include billheads, letters, receipts, and telegrams from various hotels, businesses, and individuals in France, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and England. The documents provide insights into Sulzberger's travel itinerary, expenses, and business contacts during his journey. Dates range from 1880 to 1882. Specific locations include Paris, Munich, Philadelphia, Liverpool, Stuttgart, and London, among others.

Legal Correspondence: E. & H. Lacot, Sherrerd, William D., and James Blaisdill, October 8, 1860

Legal Correspondence: E. & H. Lacot, Sherrerd, William D., and James Blaisdill, October 8, 1860

This archival document consists of legal correspondence dated October 8, 1860, between E. & H. Lacot, William D. Sherrerd, and James Blaisdill. The correspondence originates from Philadelphia and New York, and is related to a court document docketed by Moses Aaron Dropsie in New York. The included description mentions Dropsie's legacy, bequeathing his estate to establish Dropsie College in 1905, a college for the study of Hebrew and related languages, with admission open to all regardless of creed, color, or sex. Dropsie was a protégé of Isaac Leeser and authored a panegyric on Leeser's life.

Letter from Robert Blair to William Blair, Cincinnati, Ohio, July 23, 1855

Letter from Robert Blair to William Blair, Cincinnati, Ohio, July 23, 1855

Letter written by Robert Blair to William Blair on July 23, 1855, from Cincinnati, Ohio. The letter describes Cincinnati's diverse population, including significant numbers of Irish Catholics and Jews, and discusses local politics and social dynamics during that period. It also mentions the Fourth of July celebrations and the tensions between different religious groups.

Concert Program: Josef Hofmann, Pianist

Concert Program: Josef Hofmann, Pianist

Concert program for a series of pianoforte concerts by Josef Hofmann, featuring an image of the pianist at his instrument. The program was produced by Messrs. Abbey, Schoeffel & Grau and advertised Weber pianos. The program was distributed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York, New York between 1887 and 1889.

Letter from J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co. to Jonathan S. Ferguson, February 6, 1879

Letter from J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co. to Jonathan S. Ferguson, February 6, 1879

A letter from the J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to their attorney, Jonathan S. Ferguson, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, dated February 6, 1879. The letter concerns a legal dispute regarding a billiard table purchase and lists Moses Bensinger as a principal. This letter is part of a larger archive documenting a legal contest over a billiard table purchase from 1875-1879. The archive contains letters, shipping documents, and promissory notes.

Letter from J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co. to Jno. S. Ferguson, February 22, 1879

Letter from J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co. to Jno. S. Ferguson, February 22, 1879

A letter from the J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to their attorney, Jno. S. Ferguson, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, dated February 22, 1879. The letter concerns a legal dispute regarding a billiard table purchase, mentioning Moses Bensinger as a principal. This letter is part of a larger archive documenting a legally contested purchase of a billiard table from the Brunswick & Balke Company between 1875 and 1879. The archive also includes other forms and letters detailing the financial dispute.

Letter from Moses Michael Hays to Michael Gratz, December 12, 1768

Letter from Moses Michael Hays to Michael Gratz, December 12, 1768

A one-page letter written by Moses Michael Hays in New York City to Michael Gratz in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on December 12, 1768. Hays discusses the dispatch of a vessel to Georgia, plans to remit bills of credit, and complains about the irregular postal service. The letter includes a New York postmark and bishop's mark on the verso.

Autograph Letter Signed from Moses Michael Hays to Michael Gratz, June 1769

Autograph Letter Signed from Moses Michael Hays to Michael Gratz, June 1769

Autograph letter signed from Moses Michael Hays to Michael Gratz, dated June 1769. Hays congratulates Gratz on his marriage. The letter includes an integral address leaf with a New York postmark and a bishop's mark. Written on one page, 4to. The letter reflects the business relationship between Hays and Gratz and provides insight into their personal lives.

Letter from Hays & Polock to Michael Gratz Regarding Insurance Losses, September 13, 1768

Letter from Hays & Polock to Michael Gratz Regarding Insurance Losses, September 13, 1768

Autograph document signed by Moses Michael Hays and Myer Polock, written to Michael Gratz on September 13, 1768. The letter details losses to be recovered in Amsterdam on insurance ordered by Isaac Elizer, providing an accounting of insurance payments for numerous losses in pounds and guilders. The two-page letter includes an autograph address panel with a New York postmark and bishop's mark. This letter exemplifies cross-Atlantic insurance interactions.

Autograph Letter Signed from Solomon Etting to Hyman Gratz Regarding Solomon De Castro, March 31, 1825

Autograph Letter Signed from Solomon Etting to Hyman Gratz Regarding Solomon De Castro, March 31, 1825

Autograph letter signed by Solomon Etting to Hyman Gratz, dated March 31, 1825, from Baltimore, Maryland. Etting discusses the disbursement of funds intended for Solomon De Castro's passage to Curaçao. He details De Castro's change of plans and ultimate receipt of a smaller sum for passage to Virginia. The letter also includes a Passover greeting. Two pages. Autograph address panel on integral blank.

Letter from Ferdinand Levy to George Randorf Regarding Detained Baggage

Letter from Ferdinand Levy to George Randorf Regarding Detained Baggage

Letter dated May 24, 1890, from Ferdinand Levy, Deputy Collector at the New York City Custom House, to George Randorf in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter concerns baggage belonging to Benjamin Chercosky, detained in the Empire Warehouse Company's General Orders Stores after his arrival from Brazil on April 15th aboard the S.S. Advance. The letter is written on official letterhead.