Geography: New York

This 16-page pamphlet details the constitution and by-laws of the United Hebrew Benevolent Association of Helena, Montana, circa 1885. It lists 39 male and 23 female members, all wives of the male members. The association, formally reconstituted in 1885, aimed to promote Jewish principles of charity and benevolence by assisting the sick and needy, covering funeral expenses, and organizing religious services, particularly following deaths. The original Hebrew Benevolent Association of Helena was founded in December 1866.

Billhead for Gans & Klein, Importers, Manufacturers, and Dealers in fashionable clothing, gents' furnishing goods, hats, boots, shoes, hydraulic hose, rubber clothing, Cal. blankets, etc. The billhead notes an office and factory in New York at 184 and 186 Church Street. The billhead indicates the buyer is J. N. McKnight & Co. of Helena, Montana, and is dated December 19, 1879. The billhead has a printed header with ornate Victorian-style lettering. The business address, name, and type of products are neatly laid out.

Billhead from D. Block & Co., a dry goods business with locations in Helena, Montana; New York, New York; and San Francisco, California. Dated February 5, 1877. The billhead lists the New York address as 46 West Broadway and the San Francisco address as 22 and 24 Battery Street. J.J. Koenigshofer is listed as running the Helena store.

Envelope addressed to William L. Tucker in Syracuse, New York, from I. Frank & Bros. in Cincinnati, Ohio, dated March 7, 1885. I. Frank & Bros. were also publishers of the Hebrew Almanac.

An advertising envelope for Luce & Silverman, photographers and artists, located in Cortland, New York. The envelope also mentions Goshen, New York. Undated, circa 1870.

An envelope addressed to Julius Cohn at 207 Pearl Street, New York, New York, circa 1885. The envelope features advertising, indicating commercial use. The envelope was likely used for business correspondence.

An envelope addressed to Ira Leo Bamberger at 291 Broadway, New York, New York, dated January 21, 1889. The envelope displays advertising for T.C. Millard & Co., suggesting a potential business connection. The return address indicates Danbury, Connecticut.

An addressed envelope sent to J. C. Meussdorffer & Bros. in San Francisco, California, on January 8, 1868. The envelope features an embossed advertisement for "Seamless Clothing" manufactured at 462 Broome Street, New York City, and a Scott #65 1861 stamp.

Envelope addressed to D. Feinberg, a dealer in imported pictures, frames, and mirrors, located at 903 Washington Ave. North, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The envelope is postmarked November 1, 1889, and includes a crude rubber stamp advertisement. The return address is S. Chelimer & Son, New York, New York.

An advertising envelope for D. Feinberg, a dealer in imported pictures, frames, and mirrors. The envelope, dated February 24, 1890, advertises custom frame making and is addressed to a Minneapolis, Minnesota location. A crude rubber stamp corner advertisement is also present.

Envelope postmarked March 10, 1914, from 415 West 128th Street, New York City, addressed to Miss Alice H. Myers. The envelope features a lithograph of a mother holding a child and an advertisement for The Hebrew Infant Asylum, located at Kingsbridge Road and Aqueduct Avenue, New York City.

This archival item consists of a letter and its accompanying envelope. The letter, dated June 6, 1862, was sent from Israel & Sons in Baltimore, Maryland to John G. McMurray & Co. in Lansingburgh, New York. The letter requests the forwarding of a mortgage. The envelope features early advertising and a stamp. The envelope also mentions the Steam Brush Factory.

This letter, dated 1846, was written from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York. The author, Judah, writes to Charles Tobias about business matters and money owed.

A business letter written by John H. Riker to Louis Taussig & Co. on October 11, 1880, concerning a property with family history. The letter features a striking lithographed letterhead depicting kegs of whiskey, advertising the company's locations at 21 & 23 Lower Market, Covington, KY, and 303 Battery St. & 9 Delaney St., New York, NY.

A stampless business letter sent to Henrich Costes in New York City, New York on October 17, 1737. The letter's origin and the writer's identity require further research. The letter was sent from New York to Albany.

Letter written by Henry F. Close to Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana on November 13, 1845, concerning business and family matters. The letter was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York.

Letter from Solomon Moses in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Harman Hendricks in New York, New York, dated November 24, 1829. The letter discusses copper and business matters. Solomon Moses was involved in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (Rebecca Gratz's sister). He trained in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City.

Letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Edward Pollock & Co. in New York, New York, dated November 27, 1822. The letter pertains to commercial dealings between the two parties and references D. Hart. A stampless cover from Richmond is included.

This archival item is a letter written by David Judah to Edward Pollock on March 11, 1823, in Richmond, Virginia. The letter pertains to commerce and reflects the close business relationship between Judah and Pollock. The letter was sent without a stamp. David Judah was an auctioneer who dealt in slaves. An advertisement for a Jewish-owned business in Richmond, featuring David Judah, Edward Pollock, and Tobias L. Tobias, appeared in the Richmond Enquirer on July 5, 1822.

A letter written by Abraham Tobias to I. J. Tobias on March 26, 1839, discussing the difficulties in the wine business, specifically the low prices of champagne and superior wines. The letter was sent from Charleston, South Carolina to New York, New York. The letter mentions a broadside of wines for sale (see 17.108).

A letter written by Judah to Charles Tobias on March 28, 1846, concerning business matters, money owed, and family affairs. The letter was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York.

Letter written by Solomon Moses to Herman Hendricks on March 3, 1828, concerning copper. Moses, active in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (Rebecca Gratz's sister), was trained in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to New York, New York.

A commercial letter written by David Judah to T. I. Tobias & Co. on April 27, 1826. The letter, sent from Richmond, Virginia, to New York, New York, pertains to business matters between the two parties. The letter is a stamped cover.

Letter written by Solomon Moses to Harman W. Hendricks on April 30, 1829, concerning copper. Moses was active in Jewish affairs and married to Rachel Gratz (sister of Rebecca Gratz). He was trained in his father Isaac Moses' counting house in New York City. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York.

A letter written by Solomon Moses in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Henonely & Brothers in New York, New York on May 5, 1843. The letter discusses business matters related to copper and mentions the death of Harmon Hendricks. Solomon Moses' involvement in Jewish affairs and his family connections are also alluded to.

A letter written by Abraham Tobias to T. I. Tobias on June 13, 1840, concerning a bill of laden signed by M. Lopez. The letter was sent from Charleston, South Carolina to New York, New York.

A letter written by I. S. Cohen in Charleston, South Carolina, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, on May 12, 1848. The letter discusses Cohen's business dealings, noting that business is bad and that he is now also selling wine. Cohen mentions his position as a director of the South Western Railroad Bank.

A business letter written on June 15, 1881, by H. Hall of Feigenbaum & Co. in Highland Mills, New York, to A. Blumenthal in New York City. The letter references samples to be sent and features a prominent company logo.

A letter written by Merrill Brown in Fort Sumner, New Mexico, to Joseph Rosenwald in New York City on August 29, 1868. Brown requests Rosenwald's assistance for a friend visiting the United States for the first time. Rosenwald was on a buying trip in New York City and was bringing his new wife to Los Vegas, New Mexico.

A letter written by E. R. Schneider to the Urbana Wine Co. in Hammondsport, New York, on January 29, 1885. The letter was sent from Augusta, Georgia, and discusses business matters, possibly related to the wine trade. The letterhead features an image and the address 601 & 802 Broad Street, Augusta, Georgia.

A business letter dated October 3, 1884, from B. Moog in Mobile, Alabama, to the Urbana Wine Co. in Hammondsport, New York. The letter features a lithographed letterhead depicting the Urbana Wine Co.'s store. The letterhead also indicates that B. Moog is the successor to A. & B. Moog.

A letter written by Samuel Westheimer of St. Joseph, Missouri, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, on November 23, 1885. The letter is written on illustrated letterhead and mentions that no business is transacted on Saturdays. The letterhead features a graphic and the company's name.

Letter from A. & B. Moog in Hammondsport, New York, to the Urbana Wine Co. in Mobile, Alabama, dated November 24, 1882. The letter discusses business matters, possibly related to the wine trade. A lithograph of the Urbana Wine Co. store is mentioned.

A letter written by Sam Schneider to the Urbana Wine Company on December 11, 1883. The letter, written on illustrated letterhead, mentions the American Distilling Company and has addresses in Chicago, Illinois and Hammondsport, New York.

A business letter dated December 14, 1883, from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter features a logo for the Union Steam Mills Co. The letter is part of the 'E' Collection at the University of Pennsylvania.

A letter written by Simon Greenbaum to the Urbana Wine Company on February 28, 1882. The letter is written on a printed sheet listing Urbana Wine Company's wines and prices. Greenbaum's address is listed as 80 5th Ave, Chicago, Illinois.

A business letter dated March 25, 1884, from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter features the logo of the Union Steam Mills Co. The letterhead includes the address of Henry Solomon & Son.

A letter written by Simon Greenbaum to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, dated February 28, 1882. The letter discusses business matters and was likely sent from Chicago, Illinois.

A business letter from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, dated April 18, 1884. The letter pertains to business dealings between the two companies.

A business letter dated April 26, 1884, from Henry Solomon & Son, located at 173 & 175 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, to the Urbana Wine Co. in Hammondsport, New York. The letter discusses business matters between the two companies.

A letter written by E. R. Schneider to the Urbana Wine Co. on June 27, 1884. The letter was sent from Augusta, Georgia, to Hammondsport, New York. The letterhead features the Urbana Wine Co. logo and address: 601 & 802 Broad Street, Augusta, Georgia.

A letter written by Sam Schneider to the Urbana Wine Company in Chicago, Illinois on August 15, 1884, mentioning the American Distilling Company and Hammondsport, New York. The letter is on letterhead.

This letter, dated November 9, 1846, was written by Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses wine and Minis' refusal of special credit terms.

A business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to M. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on December 4, 1843. The letter pertains to business matters, reflecting the commercial activities of the Tobias family, known for their involvement in the clock and watch industry.

Letter written by Theodore A. Meyer from Newberry, South Carolina, to Zadig Levy on December 7, 1848, responding to a complaint about an order of knives that Levy claimed he never received. The letter was sent from Newberry, South Carolina to New York, New York.

A business letter dated February 12, 1825, from A. Solomons in Albany, New York, to T. I. Tobias. Solomons complains about a monetary draft on the Bank of Montreal that kept his money idle for over a month. The letter references Levy Solomons and his business at 346 North Market Street, Albany.

A stampless business letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York City on March 13, 1840. The letter discusses the poor state of business. The Tobias family was known for its involvement in the clock and watch industry.

A one and three-quarter page letter written in German from M. Mayer to Jacobs & Mayer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 15, 1849. The letter discusses business matters and was written from Franklin, Mississippi. M. Mayer died of yellow fever in Grand Gulf in 1853.

A business letter written by Henry Tobias of M. L. Tobias & Co. in Liverpool, England, dated April 15, 1843. The letter was sent to an unspecified recipient in New York City. The content of the letter pertains to business matters. The letter is stampless.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by David Hart to George W. Johnson & Co. on April 19, 1836. The letter details a sales account. Hart's letter was sent care of Judah Touro. In 1845, Hart was listed among the 100 wealthiest citizens of New York City. The letter was sent from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York, New York.

A one-page business letter written by David Hart to George W. Johnson & Co. on April 3, 1835. The letter, sent care of Judah Touro, details Hart's sales on behalf of Johnson. In 1845, Hart was listed among the 100 wealthiest citizens of New York City.

A letter dated July 29, 1834, from M. Isaacson in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. Isaacson discusses closing his fur business and seeking new employment as a fur manufacturer, merchant, clerk, bookkeeper, or salesman. He mentions a Cohen in Philadelphia, offering insight into a Jewish self-help network.

Shipping record documenting the entry of 131 gallons of gin into port. The record lists Joseph F. Tobias & Co. as the recipient and indicates the shipment arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and New York, New York on June 7, 1862.

Shipping manifest detailing the inland transport of goods from New York City to Philadelphia via New Jersey, arriving December 30, 1806. The manifest includes an oath sworn by Joseph Gratz as collector, attesting to the accuracy of the listed goods. The document is dated December 31, 1806, but refers to the goods' departure from New York on July 20, 1806.

A broadside listing licensed peddlers in New York City, dated May 10, 1878. The list includes the names of numerous Jewish peddlers and specifies their mode of travel (on foot, one horse, or two horses).

Membership certificate issued by the American Society for Meliorating the Condition of the Jews on August 1, 1825, in Boston, Massachusetts, conferring a lifetime directorship to Rev. S. V. S. Wilder. The certificate notes a payment of $50.00. Printed in black ink.

Five-page legal document detailing a land claim owned by James Brewster and pledged to Philip Jacobs. The document describes the eventual payoff of the claim by Brewster's mother, who sells his New York City house to Jacobs. The deed is signed by Brewster and includes an additional page of expense entries dating from 1792 to 1795.

This legal document is a deposition given by Levy Andrew Levy on June 14, 1817, concerning a land transfer in Cherry Valley, New York. Michael Gratz and George Croghan questioned Levy about the transfer of land between Michael and Bernard Gratz and George Croghan, which occurred in 1779. Levy was 82 years old at the time of the deposition. The document originates from the Gratz Collection in Canada and the Nathan Family Archive.

Affidavit concerning the receipt of deserter Francis Bond of Company K, Enfans Perdus Regiment. The document details Bond's enlistment date (November 26, 1861), his promotion to Captain in Company K on March 30, 1863, and his family connections to Simeon Draper (his father) and other family members who also served. The document is dated January 12, 1863, and originates from New York, New York.

An invitation to the "Cadet Hop" at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, on July 4, 1860. The invitation, in its original envelope, was addressed to "The Misses Mordecai" care of Major Mordecai at the Watervliet Arsenal in West Troy, New York. Alfred Mordecai Jr. was a cadet at the academy at the time.

Envelope addressed to the Union School Library in Gloversville, New York, from the Jewish Publication Society of America in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated January 21, 1894. The envelope features the Society's address printed on it.

A three-page letter written by J. Moses to his wife, Julia L. Moses, on January 1, 1830. Addressed to Mrs. Julia L. Moses c/o J.L. & J. Joseph & Co., Wall St., New York. The letter is signed 'loving husband' and includes a postscript signed J.L.M. The first page of this originally four-page letter is missing.

Autograph letter signed by D. Carvalho to Isaac Leeser, dated November 12, 1850. The letter was written from New York, New York, and discusses orders for books. A postmark indicates the letter was processed on October 15, 1851 in New York, New York.

Letter written by David Judah to Isaac Leeser on April 12, 1849, concerning family matters. The letter was written from Baltimore, Maryland, and addressed to Leeser in either Philadelphia or New York. This letter is part of a larger collection of correspondence spanning several years, with a notable gap between 1831 and 1848.

Official letter written on stationery of the United States Consulate for Syria and Palestine by J. Augustus Johnson to James H. Clark on June 19, 1860, from Beirut, Lebanon. The letter discusses financial matters and possibly business dealings between the two individuals. The letterhead features a vignette of the American eagle.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Hayman Levy in Camden, South Carolina, to Henry Tobias in New York City on January 19, 1843. The letter appears to discuss a potential marriage between Levy's daughter and an unnamed individual.

A two-page letter written by Moses Mendes Sollas of Kingston, Jamaica to Isaac Leeser in New York, New York on March 6, 1866. Sollas reflects on his life as a Jew in a predominantly Christian community, his relationship with Leeser as a spiritual mentor, and shares family news, including the marriage of his daughter and the engagement of two others. He also introduces a young friend, Mr. Lewin, seeking Leeser's assistance.

Autograph letter signed by Michael Nesbit to T. I. Tobias. Written in New York City on August 13, 1835. The letter contains both personal and business matters. Nesbit was a partner in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nesbit. This is one of three letters written in the same month.

A letter written by Michael Nesbet to T. I. Tobias on August 27, 1835, from New York City. The letter contains both personal and business matters, and references Nesbet's involvement in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nesbet. This is one of three letters exchanged between the two men in August 1835.

Autograph letter signed by Michael Nisbet to T. I. Tobias, written in New York City on August 28, 1835. The letter discusses both personal and business matters. Nisbet was a partner in the Philadelphia firm of Cohen & Nisbet. This is one of three letters exchanged between the correspondents in August 1835. Nisbet was active in Jewish affairs.

Autograph letter signed by Samuel Marx to J. L. Jones, written in Richmond, Virginia on September 22, 1843. The letter discusses personal matters, and mentions Marx's position as President of the Bank of Virginia. The recipient's address appears to be New York, New York.

A three-page letter written by A. Kohn of Chicago, Illinois, to Isaac Leeser in New York City on September 23, 1849. Kohn expresses concerns about the state of Judaism in America, emphasizing the need for Jewish institutions such as hospitals, colleges, and Sabbath schools. He also discusses the attitudes of younger Jews and the lack of support from wealthy members of the community.

Printed promissory note dated December 23, 1772, in which Archibald Mercer loans Michael Gratz nine hundred and fifty-seven pounds and eight pence. The note is signed by Michael Gratz, Levy Andrew Levy, and Judah Philip. The verso details payments made on the loan. The note is from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with additional notations referencing New York, New York.

A check for $7.00 drawn on the Merchants National Bank of Helena, Montana, on March 12, 1883. The check was written by William M. McCormick to Kountze Brothers. Aaron Hershfield is listed as the cashier. This check is part of a larger collection documenting the history of the Merchants National Bank, originally founded by Lewis H. Hershfield.

A personal check jointly signed by Isaac Hahn and M. Opper, dated June 6, 1876. The check was printed by the National Bank Note Company and issued in Providence, Rhode Island. Additional information indicates an October 12, 1889 date related to this check and its connection to New York, New York.

This trade card advertises the Leader Department Store, a cooperative department store, with locations in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and New York City. The front of the card features a colorful lithograph depicting a bustling city street with streetcars, an early automobile, and horse-drawn carriages. The back of the card is blank. The card's address in Pittsburgh includes Fourth Avenue, Market Street, and Third Avenue. The New York City address lists 458 Broadway.

This trade card advertises S. Rosenberg, manufacturer of spectacles and eyeglasses in gold, silver, steel, and shell frames. The card is straightforward in design, featuring the business name and services offered prominently. The text on the front of the card states "Office No. 346 Bowery" and "Branch Office No. 340 Broadway, Saratoga Springs, N.Y." The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the Newark Paraffine & Parchment Paper Co. The front of the card is divided into two sections. On the left, the text 'Newark Paraffine & Parchment Paper Co.' appears in a dark red block at the top of the card. Below the company name, the company's address, which is not visible, is likely listed. On the right side of the card is a full-page image of a large building. It appears to be a factory or warehouse. The building's brick facade is adorned with a large, open window, creating a sense of grandeur. The building is surrounded by trees, suggesting an industrial landscape. The bottom of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises L. Shilansky, a picture framer and art supplies dealer. The front of the card features a bust of a woman, likely a portrait of a person or a mythological figure. The card lists two addresses for Shilansky's business: 126 Chrystie Street and 33 Cross Street, both in New York City. The card also advertises the business's offerings of life-size crayons and frames in all styles to suit them. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Leon Cahen, a French optician and eye sight regenerator. The card features a simple design with black text on a white background. The front of the card states 'French Optician and Eye Sight Regenerator'. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the Standard Hosiery Co., located at 1310-1326 Lawrence Street, Philadelphia, PA. The front of the card features a good quality lithograph of the company's office and mills. The buildings depicted are multi-storied structures, suggesting a significant industrial operation. The image likely showcases the scale and success of the Standard Hosiery Co. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises M. Lipsky, a clothing merchant located at 96 Andrew Street, Rochester, New York. The front of the card features an illustration of a woman's hand holding a cluster of red and yellow flowers. The business's address is printed beneath the illustration. [There is no information on the back of the card].

This trade card advertises Edwin C. Burt's store in Toledo, Ohio. The front of the card features an advertisement for AUSTENS FOREST FLOWER COLOGNE with the address 94 MAIN STREET printed beneath. The back of the card is blank. [This card appears to be from the collection of J. Reizensten].

Collection of trade cards for Max Stadler & Co., a clothing manufacturer, active in Jersey City and New York, New Jersey, United States, circa 1885. The cards depict various scenes, including baseball players and caricatures, some potentially depicting racist imagery. The descriptions include phrases such as "GOT EM FOUL," "THE DARLING DUDE," "A BASE HIT," "A HEADER," and other related baseball terminology. Some scenes appear to depict leisure activities and possibly plantation life. The collection comprises thirteen distinct cards.

This trade card advertises M. & N. Meyer's, a horse and mule dealer located at 258 Bank Street, Jersey City, New Jersey. The card features a colorful illustration of a horse and mule. The front of the card advertises that the business has 150 to 200 first-class working and driving horses, and also mules. The card is written in a hand-written style.

This trade card advertises the New York Clothing Manufacturing Co., managed by L.M. Jacobs. The front of the card features a bird's nest with eggs. The back of the card provides a detailed advertisement for the company, with the following information: Office: 558 Broadway, New York. Warehouse: 94 and 96 Crosby Street, New York.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing store with locations in Jersey City, New Jersey and New York City. The front of the card features a woman with a bright red umbrella standing on a beach shore. The ocean, a lighthouse, and a sailboat are depicted in the background. The illustration is a stylized depiction of a seaside scene. On the back of the card, there is a full advertisement with the name of the store and multiple locations, including a listing for 565-567 Broadway, 619-621 Eighth Ave in New York, and 43-44 Newark Avenue in Jersey City.

This trade card advertises M. P. Frank, a clothier located at 84 South Pearl Street in Gloversville, New York. It depicts two children reading a book on the front of the card. The front of the card also notes the business's headquarters in Boston, Massachusetts, and mentions four other branches. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card advertising Raven Gloss Shoe Polish by A. G. Jacobs, located at 20 Main Street, Rockville, Connecticut. The card features an illustration of a young man in kilts and includes a full advertisement for Raven Gloss Shoe Polish on the reverse. Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises M. Lipsky, a women's clothing store. The front of the card showcases a woman's hand delicately resting on a cluster of roses, suggesting elegance and femininity. The image is likely intended to evoke a feeling of luxury and sophistication associated with the store's merchandise. The address, 96 Andrew St. Bridge, is clearly visible. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., a clothing store with locations in Jersey City, New Jersey and New York City. The front of the card features a cartoon cat dressed in a formal suit. The back of the card includes a detailed advertisement for the company.

This trade card advertises H. L. Spiesman, a clothing merchant located at 19 Union Block, 1st Ave in Corry, Pennsylvania. The card depicts a whimsical scene, with a boy in a high shoe acting as a boat, carrying a girl in a dress. The back of the card features an advertisement for Edwin Burt, a New York based clothing merchant. The back of the card also includes the text 'National Card of Edwin Burt'.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., clothiers. The front of the card depicts a man and a woman on a phone call. A father, looking anxious, watches on. [Max Stadler and Co. operated several locations. The trade card lists addresses in both Jersey City, New Jersey and New York, New York.] The back of the card includes an advertisement.

This trade card advertises Rice, Born & Co., a New Orleans-based company that sold New York Enamel Paint. The front of the card features a comical illustration of an artist painting. The back of the card advertises the New York Enamel Paint Company, a company based in New York City.

This trade card advertises the business of S. Bine, a retailer of laces, embroideries, and fancy goods. The card features a terrier dog standing on its hind legs with its paws crossed. The dog is holding an advertisement in its mouth, which promotes S. Bine's business. The back of the card features an advertisement for S. Bine's business. It includes the store's address: 130 Kearny Street, near Sutter, San Francisco, California. It also lists S. Bine's New York office address: 101 Franklin Street, New York. [S. Bine was previously in business with Lazarus Kline and Julius Kahn.]

This trade card advertises S. J. Nathan & Co., a clothing store located at 301, 303, 305 K Street N. E. Corner Third in Sacramento, California. [The company also had a wholesale location at 29 Battery Street in New York City.] The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of five children attempting to remove apples from a boy's basket. The back of the card includes an advertisement for the company's New York factory located at 78 Reade Street and mentions L. Phillips as a salesman working in both New York and San Francisco.

Trade card advertising Austen Forest Flower Cologne. Depicts a barefoot girl with a basket of blue flowers and a scarf on her head. The card lists the address as 352 No. Broadway, opposite the American Hotel, Saratoga Springs, New York. Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises the business of Edwin C. Burt, a clothier and merchant tailor located at 81 N. Eutaw Street, Baltimore. The card features an illustration of a peacock and a Chinese lady in blue and sepia with gold accents. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business. [Levi Weinberger is mentioned in association with this business].

This trade card advertises Forest Flowers Perfume, a fragrance sold by both H. Heynemann & Co. in San Francisco, California, and W. J. Austen & Co. in Oswego, New York. The card features an illustration of a boy and a girl standing together, perhaps representing a young couple. The boy has his arm around the girl's waist. The girl is holding a bouquet of flowers. There is a background scene with a rustic wooden fence. The front of the card includes a note at the top stating 'National Card.' The back of the card includes a full advertisement for Forest Flowers Perfume.

This trade card advertises the dry-goods business of S. Bine, located at 130 Kearny Street, near Sutter, in the Thurlow Block, San Francisco, California. [Bine was previously in business with Lazarus Kline and Julius Kahn.] The card features an illustration of two women standing on a beach, watching a man in the water who is being bitten by a crab. The women are wearing long dresses, and one holds a parasol. The background includes the sea, sky, and sand. The front of the card includes the business name, address, and a decorative border.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., clothiers with multiple locations in New York and New Jersey. The front of the card features a comical illustration titled "They Rang Him Up the Wrong Number." The drawing shows a humorous scene likely related to ordering clothing or communication. The back of the card features a full advertisement with the business's multiple addresses: 565, 567 Broadway cor. Prince; 619, 621 8th Ave. cor. 40th (New York City); and 42 & 44 Newark Ave., Jersey City, New Jersey.

This trade card advertises Max Stadler & Co., clothiers with locations in Jersey City, New Jersey, and New York City. The front of the card features a comical illustration with text that reads, “I’m Wanted....It’s About Time.” The illustration's style suggests a humorous approach to advertising, likely aimed at a broad audience. The back of the card is a full advertisement listing multiple addresses in Jersey City and New York: 565.567 Broadway cor. Prince; 619.621 8th Ave. cor. 40th; 42 & 44 Newark Ave., Jersey City, New Jersey.

This is a national trade card advertising W. J. Austen & Co.'s Forest Flower Cologne. The card features a young woman with blonde curls wearing a straw hat. The illustration is set against a green backdrop. The back of the card has a full advertisement for the cologne. [The card was printed by C. Ulrich & Son. Ulrich, a Jewish merchant, operated a wholesale and retail dry goods store in Oswego, New York, in the late 19th century. He also printed trade cards, likely for other businesses in the area, as well as for his own products].

This trade card advertises Julius Saul's clothing establishment. The front of the card features a winter scene with a castle in the background. The text on the card lists three different locations for Julius Saul's business: 51 & 53 N. Pearl Street in Albany, 324 & 326 River Street in Troy, and 23 & 25 Fourth Street in Troy. The back of the card is blank. The card is printed in black ink on white paper, with a black border around the edges.

This trade card advertises S. J. Nathan & Co., a clothing store located at 301, 303, and 305 K Street, corner of Third, in Sacramento, California. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a baby riding on a grasshopper. The baby is wearing a yellow bonnet. The background appears to show an empty, green landscape. The card has a blue border and a yellow frame around the image. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business.

This trade card advertises S. J. Nathan & Co., a clothing store located at 301, 303, and 305 K Street, corner of Third Street in Sacramento, California. The front of the card depicts a girl and boy in fancy dress. The boy offers a plate of pears to the girl. The back of the card features a full advertisement, emphasizing that S. J. Nathan & Co. has no connection with any other house bearing their name.

Trade card advertising Hirsh & Brother's One Price Clothing House and W. J. Austen & Co.'s Austen Forest Cologne. The card features advertisements for both businesses. The front advertises Austen Forest Cologne, while the back features a full advertisement for Hirsh & Brother's grand opening on May 2nd, highlighting their renovated space and offerings of clothing and novelties. The card is dated circa 1885.

This trade card advertises Julius Saul, a clothier with multiple locations in New York State. The front of the card features a whimsical illustration of a child emerging from a giant egg. The illustration highlights the child's small size in contrast to the oversized egg, suggesting a sense of new beginnings and growth. The card lists multiple addresses. The main address is 269 Canal Street, New York City, followed by addresses in Troy and Albany, New York. The back of the card is blank.

Brass Civil War store token issued by F. Mangold, located at 9 New York Street. The obverse reads "F. MANGOLD" and the reverse reads "9 NEW YORK ST M ..10 CENTS IN GOODS". Dated to 1863, this token is noted as rare (#7 SCH 9 NYSTM) and a similar token sold on eBay for $410.00 on January 4, 2003. Adolph Mangold, possibly related to F. Mangold, a Jewish man who was killed in the Civil War, is honored annually at the Jewish Civil War Memorial in Cincinnati, Ohio.

This trade card advertises Julius Saul, a clothing manufacturer. The front features a child sitting inside an Easter egg with toys. The illustration is surrounded by flowers and a blue, scalloped border. The back of the card contains a full advertisement. The card lists addresses for Saul's business in both Albany and New York City. The factory and office are located at 269 Canal Street, New York City.

This trade card for Hyman & Co., clothiers, features a charming illustration of children dressed in various costumes. The card indicates that Hyman & Co. has offices in New York City at 452 Broadway. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Fleishman Bros., a dry goods and dress accessories store with locations in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; New York, New York; and Paris, France. The front of the card (Image 1) depicts a young woman picking roses, suggesting the delicacy and beauty of the merchandise offered by the store. The back of the card (Image 2) features a full advertisement mentioning the "City of Paris," which references the Paris location and implies a connection to Parisian fashion trends. The address listed on the card is 92 Market Street. The back of the card is not blank, it contains a full advertisement.

A letter written by William Frank of the Frankstown Glass Works in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, on June 20, 1868. The letter concerns enclosed invoices and a bill of lading.

This trade card features a small illustration of a child holding a bouquet of violets. The front of the card lists the business name, I. Cohen, located at 53 Stephenson Street in Oswego, New York. The back of the card includes an advertisement for W.J. Austen & Co., a retailer of Austen Cologne. [The trade card suggests a possible business relationship between I. Cohen, a clothier in Oswego, New York and W. J. Austen & Co., a cologne manufacturer in Freeport, Illinois.]

A commercial letter written by A. Adler & Co., distillers and wholesale liquor dealers located at Third & Market Square in St. Joseph, Missouri, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York, on November 17, 1876. The letter's content is brief.

A commercial letter dated August 14, 1879, from A. Furst & Co., wholesale liquor dealers and sole agents for Schlitz, located at 114 South Third Street & Market Square, St. Joseph, Missouri, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter briefly discusses business matters.

A commercial letter dated June 4, 1881, from S. Strauss & Co., distillers and wholesale liquor dealers in Charleston, West Virginia, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Rheims, New York. The letter's content is brief.

A commercial letter dated May 11, 1882, from S. Strauss & Co., distillers and wholesale liquor dealers, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company. The letter was written on high-quality watermarked stationery and discusses business matters. The letter originated in Charleston, West Virginia and was sent to Rheims, New York.

A three-page letter written on February 9, 1818, by Dr. Elias Marks of Charleston, South Carolina, to Cornelius E. De Puy of New York, New York. The letter discusses the recent yellow fever epidemic in Charleston and various theories regarding its causes.

A broadside letter dated June 24, 1848, from William Hunt, author of *American Biography*, to Congressman James McDowell. Hunt solicits McDowell's purchase of copies of his book and mentions J. N. Cardozo as a reference. Hunt is identified as the publisher of the *Evening News*, Charleston, South Carolina. The letter was sent from Washington, D.C., to Albany, New York.

Billhead from Einstein Brothers, Bourbon Whiskies, located at 30 Merwin Street, Cleveland, Ohio. Dated February 20, 1882. The billhead also mentions the Pleasant Valley Wine Company of Hammondsport, New York.

Billhead from Nussbaum & Dannenberg, located at the New Palace Building, Corner Cherry & 3rd Street, Macon, Georgia. Dated May 15, 1880. The billhead features a lithograph of the store.

A one-page commercial letter, written on April 13, 1821, from J. M. Phillips in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses merchandise, primarily dry goods, that were sent on consignment from New York to Philadelphia, including details about pricing and sales.

A one-page lithographed letter dated March 1, 1845, from Mordecai Manuel Noah to George Folsom. The letter discusses Noah's involvement in the publication of "The National Volume," a proposed anthology of works by prominent American writers. The letter includes details about the publishers, C. Wells & Co., and the intended scope and timeline of the project. The letter is postmarked New York City, March 27, 1845, and addressed to Folsom in Albany, New York. The signature and date are in Noah's hand.

A business letter dated October 22, 1879, from Henry Schmulbach & Co. in Wheeling, West Virginia, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter concerns a shipment of wine received. The letter features an elaborate lithograph on the letterhead.

A business letter dated August 21, 1884, from C. Kraus & Co. in Wheeling, West Virginia, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter discusses a wine shipment received by C. Kraus & Co. The letterhead of C. Kraus & Co. shows their address as #6 & #8 12th Street, Wheeling, West Virginia.

A one and a quarter page letter written on May 24, 1817, from Isaac Cohen in Savannah, Georgia, to George W. Lynch, a merchant in New York City. Cohen discusses business conditions in Savannah, including prices for various commodities such as rum, cotton, rice, flour, corn, tobacco, sugar, coffee, molasses, and tea. The letter includes a black Savannah, Georgia postmark and red manuscript 25c postage rate.

A single-page business letter written by Jewish merchant Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia on October 20, 1845, to I. T. Tobias, a New York merchant. Minis discusses slow business, anticipates increased activity, and requests Tobias's attention to consignments, specifically regarding the import of champagne.

A commercial letter dated July 10, 1877, from A. Furst & Co., wholesale liquor dealers at 114 South Third Street & Market Square, St. Joseph, Missouri, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Hammondsport, New York. The letter's content is brief.

Two-page handwritten letter from H. Cohan in Liverpool, England, to his "cousins," Mr. and Mrs. T. Tobias in New York, New York, dated November 24, 1833. Cohan expresses disappointment and hurt at the lack of contact from their son during his time in Liverpool. The letter's reverse side shows a postmark and address to Tobias as "Merchant, New York."

Three letters, dated June 28, 1841, concerning the sale of wines and champagnes at auction in New York and Philadelphia. The correspondence involves noted Jewish merchants Joseph Moss and E. S. Moss, and is addressed to T. I. Tobias. The letters discuss shipments, sales, and issues with the quality of the wines and champagnes.

Shipping record documenting the shipment of cloth from M. I. Tobias in Liverpool, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, on February 5, 1835. This is one of two parts of the record.

Shipping record documenting the receipt of merchandise by T. I. Tobias in New York from a family member in Liverpool, England, on April 15, 1835. The record indicates a shipment of cloth. T.I. Tobias was from a well-known Jewish merchant family.

Check dated September 28, 1877, issued by R. N. Hershfield of Leavenworth, Kansas, payable to Kountze Bros. The check includes a vignette depicting the successor firm "Hershfield & Mitchell." Biographical information on R. N. Hershfield is included, detailing his career in watchmaking and retail in Leavenworth, Kansas, from 1856 to 1877. Information from William G. Cutler's *History of the State of Kansas* (1883) is cited.

A letter written under "Flag of Truce" from Richmond, Virginia to New York City, postmarked "Old Point Comfort," circa September 1, 1863. Ruby Hutzler writes to her brother, Moses, sharing family news, hopes for peace, and details about the blockade. The letter mentions Major Joe Stern, and family members Charley and Uncle Moses.

Two-page letter written by David C. Levy in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 13, 1848, to T. J. Tobias in New York, New York. Levy expresses gratitude for Tobias' hospitality in New York and describes his new life in Philadelphia, mentioning his family and social engagements.

A two-page commercial letter dated April 19, 1845, from the firm Sachs & Brother in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses a delayed shipment of cloths, the impact on sales due to the late arrival, and the current state of the clothing market in Cincinnati, noting that goods are plentiful and selling at low rates. The letter is addressed to Tobias and includes a postal surcharge.

Sheet music for the song "Over the Garden Wall," published by R.A. Saalfield in either Chicago, Illinois or New York, New York, around 1880. The cover features a lithograph.

Billhead from the A. Rachofsky Dry Goods Co. in Central City, Colorado, dated December 9, 1891. The billhead notes that the company was established in 1869 and that it brought the first Torah to Central City.

Woodblock print depicting Mazeppa bound to the back of a horse, a scene made famous by Ada Menken's stage performance. Published by Turner & Fisher in Philadelphia and New York, circa 1855.

A two-page letter from Judah Touro in New Orleans, Louisiana to David Hart in New York City, dated September 1, 1835. Touro discusses problems with a runaway slave. Hart was a long-time friend and business associate of Touro. Letters with personal content from Touro are extremely rare.

Autograph letter signed by Moses Michael Hays, written in New York City on December 4, 1766, to Martin Gerrison Van Bergen in Albany, New York. The letter pertains to business matters and includes rare postmarks and references to the Western Frontier. This letter represents a rare example from the early stages of Hays' business career.

This pamphlet contains a valedictory address delivered by Reverend Moses Marcus on February 21, 1837, at the parsonage house in North Hempstead, New York. The address reflects on Marcus's time as a minister and discusses his dismissal, which he attributes in part to antisemitism and xenophobia. An appendix details the circumstances of his departure, highlighting conflicts within the congregation. Published by the Protestant Episcopal Press, this pamphlet offers insight into the challenges faced by a Jewish minister in 19th-century America and the early development of the Episcopal Church in Nantucket.

Cabinet photograph of A. Bolof in an Usiglio opera, inscribed to S. Behrens. The photograph is dated circa 1880 and features the subject in a theatrical setting. The image was likely taken by C. M. Gilbert.

Shipping record detailing the transport of 131 gallons of gin from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York. The shipment arrived in New York on July 23, 1861, and was withdrawn by Joseph F. Tobias & Co. on March 31, 1862.

Trade card advertising Greenebaum, Sachs & Freeman, clothing manufacturers, with business addresses in San Francisco, California (17 & 19 Sansome Street) and New York, New York (34 Thomas Street). The card features an image of actress Clara Coleman affixed to it. Circa 1885.

Broadside listing peddlers licensed to sell foreign goods in New York State, endorsed by Horatio Ballard, Secretary of State, May 10, 1863. Includes the names of several Jewish merchants: Goldman, Jacob; Lipman, Marcus; Ullman, Jacob; and Mack, Joseph. Measures approximately 5.25" x 10.50".

The Tobias Archive comprises over 750 pages of business and personal correspondence, receipts, manifests, invoices, and legal documents spanning from 1816 to 1886. It documents the mercantile activities and family life of the Tobias family, a prominent branch of the New York Sephardic elite. The collection includes 278 individual letters and documents on 426 leaves, three copybooks containing 365 letters on 234 leaves, and approximately 50 pages of additional uncataloged materials. The materials provide insights into 19th-century business practices, family relationships, and social life within the New York Sephardic community. Geographic locations referenced include Liverpool, England; New York, New York; New Orleans, Louisiana; and various Caribbean locales. The archive has a detailed finding aid.

Sheet music for "The Favorite 'Blue Bird Polka Redowa,'" as performed by Hassler's Orchestra. Composed by G. Weingarten and published by Chas. W. A. Trumpter in Philadelphia in 1866.

Three-page handwritten ledger sheet (8" x 10") detailing spring purchases made by David Judah (DJ) in Richmond, Virginia, from Pollock & Co. in New York City. Dated December 22, 1822.

A billhead from Edward Storrs, a woolen draper, tailor, and hatter, located in Liverpool, England. The billhead is dated October 29, 1840. The bill is for Henry Tobias and lists multiple items of clothing, including trousers, vests, and shirting. The handwriting is clear and easy to read. The billhead includes a printed header, ornate lettering, and a detailed description of the items sold.

Stampless letter from the Farmers Bank of Virginia to Tobias I. Tobias, dated July 1, 1829. The letter verifies the reduction of David Judah's debt to Tobias I. Tobias to $280.00. The letter measures 8" x 9.75".

Power of Attorney document appointing Henry and Charles Tobias of New York City as agents to transact business for the firm of J., W. & E. Ward of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dated February 20, 1839. Measures 8" x 10.75".

A one-page letter written by Aaron B. Nones in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to S. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on February 9, 1819. Nones reports on his arrival in Haiti, the poor prospects for sales due to a large influx of goods from France, and his intention to travel to Aux Cayes to sell goods for Tobias & Co. He expresses gratitude for the hospitality received in New York City. Nones is identified as the son of Benjamin Nones, a patriot of the American Revolutionary War. A related 1825 legal document from New York City, in which Nones is a defendant in a civil matter, is also part of this collection.

Two-page letter written by Aaron B. Nones in Les Cayes, Haiti, to S. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on March 12, 1819. The letter discusses sales of cologne water, lists prices of various commodities, requests references to Mr. Harbeck and colleagues, and notes the opportunities for business ventures in Haiti.

Two-page letter written by Aaron B. Nones in Les Cayes, Haiti, to S. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on August 7, 1819. Nones reports on the sales of cologne water, lists prices of various commodities, and discusses his inability to sell silks due to French imports.

Three-page letter from N. Hart in London, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated November 10, 1820. The letter contains gossip and business news, including details of a lawsuit, bankruptcy, and family updates.

Five-page letter from Abraham Joseph in London, England to T.I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated December 20, 1820. The letter details economic conditions in Europe and family news from England, France, Ireland, and Jamaica. It also mentions the release of Nathan Joseph from prison after clearing debts.

A one-page stampless business letter from N. Hart in London, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated November 28, 1822. The letter discusses accounts and mentions Tobias's illness (gout).

Four-page letter from Abraham Joseph in London, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated October 22, 1822. The letter contains community news, including the marriage of a young Montefiore to Sally Mocatto, and expresses relief that Tobias escaped the yellow fever epidemic in New York. Joseph also inquires about business opportunities with Tobias's brother Sam, who is working with Simpson-Jew in London.

A seven-page (including three cross-hatched pages) letter from Abraham Joseph to Tobias I. Tobias in London, dated December 12, 1822. The letter contains community and commercial news and reports. This stampless letter is part of a larger collection purchased on January 7, 2013.

A 1 1/2-page letter written by G. Sylvester in London, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, New York on April 9, 1822. The letter contains family news, including details about a brother's experiences at a synagogue, the recovery of Elizabeth from smallpox, some business news, and Sylvester's desire to visit America.

A one-and-a-half-page stampless letter from D. Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia, to Edward Pollock & Co. in New York, New York, dated October 9, 1822. The letter discusses drafts received totaling $5,178.63. A third page contains a separate, unusual letter to Tobias, with Judah denying involvement and ending with "I am here where are you? I am done, D J."

Two-page letter written by Mike Tobias in Liverpool, England to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on November 5, 1822. The letter expresses anger and details a property deal. The letter is stampless.

A one and three-quarters page stampless letter dated February 7, 1850, from Ruben & Katz in Lancaster, Ohio, to George Chrysler in Lockport, New York. The letter details a list of purchased merchandise and appears to be written to an attorney to seek recovery.

A business letter from Eckman & Vetsburg, wholesale dry goods and notions merchants, located at 151 & 153 Congress Street, Savannah, Georgia. The letter, dated approximately November 1, 1884, mentions a New York City office at 39 Worth Street. The letterhead features a vignette of an office building and a horse-drawn carriage.

Stereoscopic photograph depicting the Plum Street Synagogue in Cincinnati, Ohio. Published by E. & H. T. Anthony & Co. in New York, New York, circa 1875. The reverse of the card indicates that it is 'View in and around Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 7570. The Jewish Synagogue.'

A three-page letter, with an additional two and a half pages of cross-hatched writing, from Abraham Joseph in London, England to T.I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated February 11, 1823. The letter discusses family matters and business dealings, referencing speculation linked to the Rothschilds. The handwriting is difficult to decipher due to the cross-hatching.

A one-page, stampless letter written on March 31, 1823, from an anonymous friend in Liverpool, England to Rebecca Tobias in New York City. The letter includes a short poem.

A three-page, stampless letter written by M. L. Mozley in Liverpool, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, New York, dated April 7, 1823. The letter contains personal news about friends and family.

Two-page letter written by Henry Joseph in Kingston, Jamaica, to T. I. Tobias in New York City on April 20, 1823. Joseph explains his inability to repay a debt, mentioning A. Piexotto & T. R. DeCordova.

A one and one-quarter page stampless letter from N. Hart in London, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated May 13, 1823. Hart congratulates Tobias on the birth of a son; the remainder of the letter pertains to business matters.

A four-page hand-written letter from Eleanor Joseph in Liverpool, England to Mrs. T. I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated May 22, 1823. Sent via the ship Robert Fulton, the letter conveys personal news, including congratulations on a new child and recovered health, as well as social updates and gossip. The letter is signed by Eleanor and includes a postscript from another woman signing as 'Cattebeilee'.

A three-page letter written by Abraham Joseph in London, England, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, on June 23, 1823. The letter discusses reconciliation between Tobias I. Tobias and his brother, and business matters concerning a debt owed to Moses Samuel of Liverpool.

A three-page, stampless letter written by M. L. Mozley in Liverpool, England, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, New York, on July 1, 1823. The letter discusses family matters and gossip, along with some business dealings.

A one-page stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his uncle, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York, New York, dated July 1, 1823. Charles requests his uncle not to inform his father about his brother George's misconduct, referencing correspondence from M. L. Mozley regarding problems.

A three and a half page letter from Abraham Joseph in London, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated July 5, 1823. The letter discusses the impending arrival of Mikee Tobias (brother of Tobias I. Tobias) in New York City, the health of Sylvester Joseph in Holland, and encourages his settlement in America. It also includes business gossip and mentions the Rothschilds.

Three-page stampless letter written by M. L. Mozley in Liverpool, England, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated July 31, 1823. The letter primarily discusses family matters, focusing on Mozley's nephew Charles.

One-page letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, dated August 8, 1823. The letter discusses business matters and family news, with Judah expressing concern about not hearing from Tobias.

Stampless letter, one and one-quarter pages, from N. Hart in London to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, dated September 11, 1823. The letter is an angry demand for payment of an outstanding debt.

One-page stampless letter from Mikee Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York, NY, dated November 29, 1823. The letter pertains to the ongoing collection of funds owed to Mikee Tobias by Tobias I. Tobias, a continuation of a matter also discussed in document 20.1222T. Mikee seeks assistance in obtaining payment from A. Joseph.

A one-page letter from N. Hart in London, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated January 30, 1824. The letter discusses accounts and a discrepancy in the amount due to Hart.

A two-page, stampless letter written by N. J. Hays in Montreal, Quebec, Canada to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, on October 20, 1824. Hays expresses thanks for a letter of condolence regarding his father's death and mentions a man known as 'Black Ben'. He also inquires about Tobias's interest in government bonds.

Three and a half page letter from Abraham Joseph in London, England to Mr. and Mrs. Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated October 3, 1824. Joseph expresses hopes for his recipients' inclusion in the "book of life," requests news from the United States, and mentions the serious illness of Elizabeth. The letter was delivered by a friend, N. Sylvester, from London.

A one-page letter written by Hyman Levy in Kingston, Jamaica, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on November 4, 1824. Levy expresses gratitude for the hospitality shown to his friend Costello by Tobias and his brother. He also provides a family update from Jamaica and mentions Asher Levy.

A one-half page, stampless letter written by Michael H. Samuels in Kingston, Jamaica, to T. I. Tobias in New York City on November 6, 1824. Samuels requests Tobias forward a letter and mentions Asher Levy, describing him as "quite rich and equally eccentric as he was 20 years ago." He also asks that regards be sent to their mutual friend U. Hendricks.

A one-page, stampless letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on April 26, 1825. The letter discusses business matters and accounts.

Two-page business letter from Abraham Tobias & Co. in Charleston, South Carolina to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated October 8, 1836. The letter details business matters including a wine shipment, the cholera epidemic, cloth materials, and a draft on books. It concludes with a note from D. C. Levy expressing gratitude for hospitality in New York City.

A two-page letter from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his father, T. I. Tobias, in New York, New York, dated November 29, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, including commissions, credit limitations, and the upcoming publication of a new edition of Yontif Books. A short note, dated November 30, 1836, is added on a third page, mentioning poor business conditions in London.

A two and a half-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his parents, T. I. and Mrs. Tobias, in New York, New York, on December 23, 1836. The letter discusses questionable business associates and includes a moral reflection on parental duty. The letter is stampless.

A three-page letter from Michael I. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York, New York, dated December 7, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the shipping of knives and forks, and details the tight credit situation in London and the significant discount on bills of exchange, highlighting economic conditions in both the United Kingdom and the United States.

A three-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Manchester, England, to his father, T.I. Tobias, in New York, New York, on December 8, 1836. The letter discusses business matters, including cloth samples from Yorkshire, weather conditions affecting shipping delays, Henry's homesickness, and the sending of cheese to be shared with Mr. Hendricks, Uriah, and Henry.

A two-page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Manchester, England on January 11, 1836, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, specifically the arrival of Mr. Peck's shipment in England and Henry's upcoming travel to London and Paris.

A one-page letter written by Jonas Hasting in Port Gibson, Mississippi, on February 20, 1837, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter concerns a promise to pay a debt.

A two and three-quarter page letter from Michael I. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated March 7, 1837. The letter discusses business matters, advising caution in financial dealings and relaying concerns about the Bank of England. This letter, along with others in the collection, highlights the importance of transatlantic family commercial intelligence during the Panic of 1837.

A two and one-quarter page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York City on March 31, 1837. The letter discusses the difficult economic conditions in England, including business failures and widespread pessimism, in the context of the impending Panic of 1837.

A two-and-a-half-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York City on March 23, 1837. The letter discusses grim business conditions, anticipating the Panic of 1837, and includes personal family matters, such as the sending of an ermine boa.

A three-page letter dated April 7, 1837, from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, including concerns about a delayed ship carrying cash, difficulties discounting American notes, business failures, and economic hardships affecting spinners in England. The letter provides insight into transatlantic family commercial intelligence three weeks before the Panic of 1837.

A one-page stampless letter written by S. S. Thornton in Manchester, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City on July 15, 1837. The letter inquires about Henry Tobias's departure from Mr. P (possibly Peck) amidst the Panic of 1837.

A four-page letter, with an additional cross-hatched page, written by Sophia Levy in London, England, on August 28, 1837, to Henry Tobias in New York City. Levy, who is on vacation in Sanfield West Darby, England, is writing to Tobias to request that he care for her father upon the latter's arrival in America.

A two-page, stampless letter written by George Tobias in Liverpool, England, on November 7, 1837, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter primarily discusses business matters, mentioning potential market improvements, speculation impacting inventory, and an anticipated price drop after Christmas.

A two and a half page stampless letter written by L. M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his cousin Henry Tobias in New York, New York, on November 23, 1837. The letter contains personal news, gossip, and business matters, including a humorous reference to L. M. Tobias's mistress.

A three-page hand-written letter from Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his cousin Henry Tobias in New York City, dated December 1, 1837. The letter discusses a sickly clerk, weekly resources and pension, Fred M.'s views on marriage, and an apology for a joke Henry misunderstood.

A 1 1/2-page stampless letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on May 5th and 7th, 1838, to his father, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York City. The letter discusses the recent death of M.J. Tobias, plans to visit Uncle Asher in London, and contains business matters.

A one-and-a-half-page letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on April 7, 1838, to his cousin Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses family matters, including the potential return of Fred and his brother Henry to America at their father's request. It also details the challenges faced by British merchants selling goods in America due to high import duties and mentions a scheme to circumvent these duties. The letter further mentions that George is ill and that this increases Fred's workload.

A two-and-a-half-page stampless letter written by Lewin Mosely in Liverpool, England on April 10, 1838, to Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter expresses sympathy regarding the death of Charles's uncle and mentions that George's illness has increased Mosely's workload.

A two-and-a-half-page letter from Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, dated April 16, 1838, to his cousin Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses his brother George's melancholy, thanks Charles for condolences on the death of their father, details the inability to ship their father's body back to England for burial, and requests that Charles place a notice of their father's death in American newspapers. The letter also mentions the sons' assumption of the family firm.

Two-page letter from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated April 27 and May 1, 1838. The letter discusses the appointment of Henry and Charles as agents for their cousins George and Fred Tobias, Henry's hope to receive money from Uncle Asher, a suggestion of a loan from Uriah Hendricks, and the takeover of the family firm by the sons. The letter mentions American papers.

A one-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York, New York on May 1, 1838. The letter discusses a loan of 1,000 pounds from an Uncle Asher.

A two-and-a-quarter page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York City on May 7, 1838. The letter details business matters concerning two boxes of watches for Read & Taylor, Fellows & Wadsworth, and instructions to contact Hutchinson, Reed, Leseure, McGean, Farr, and Dixon regarding notes payable.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City on May 8, 1838. The letter discusses business matters, mentioning working late and missing breakfast.

Two commercial letters written in 1838. The first, dated May 16, 1838, is from M. I. Tobias & Co. in Liverpool, England, to Henry and Charles Tobias in New York City. The correspondent mentions a letter from the executor of their deceased parent and discusses business matters, particularly orders and inventory levels for Philadelphia clients. The second letter, dated May 29, 1838, from Fred Tobias in Liverpool to Charles Tobias in New York, mentions Henry's departure for New York and sends family greetings.

A 2 1/2 page letter from Henry Tobias in London, England to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated May 19, 1838. Henry announces receiving 1000 pounds from Uncle Asher, using the funds to purchase approximately 550 pounds worth of goods to be shipped to Charles, anticipating a handsome profit. He also mentions purchasing a new sign for the store.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York, New York, dated May 21, 1838. The letter discusses Henry's positive relationship with their Uncle Asher and his instructions regarding the sale of goods until his arrival in New York.

A one-page stampless letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on May 23, 1838, to his cousin Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England to Charles Tobias in New York, New York on May 28, 1838. Henry details his booked passage on the Great Western, his expected arrival on the 17th (a twelve-day trip), and the cost of his passage (42 pounds). He requests that his arrival be kept quiet.

A one-page, stampless letter written by A. S. Thornton in Manchester, England, on June 1, 1838, to Mr. Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses insuring goods for shipment to America.

A one-page letter written by Fred M. Tobias in Liverpool, England, on May 23, 1838, to his cousin Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter requests the forwarding of a letter to Fred's brother Charles, who may be in New York City or Mexico City. It also mentions confusion caused by unnamed remittances and requests that names be included in future remittances.

A quarter-page letter written by Charles M. Tobias in Havana, Cuba, on December 13, 1838, to his uncle, T. I. Tobias, in New York City. The letter reports on the recent French capture of Vera Cruz castle and the writer's impending departure for Montezuma.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in London, England, on December 12, 1838, to his father, T.I. Tobias, in New York City. The letter contains family news, including updates on the health of an uncle recovering from a possible stroke and the grandfather's declining health. The uncle's plans to travel to America in August are also mentioned.

A 2 1/2 page letter from Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York, New York, dated February 6, 1839. The letter discusses family matters, business ventures, and the health of Rosalie. Charles also mentions his uncle, Asher Levy, and plans to contact Mr. Melhado. The letter includes an anecdote about a steamer captain ordering kosher meat for the Tobias brothers.

A four and a half page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on February 12, 1839, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details business matters, family news, and plans for Charles's impending trip to America. The letter mentions the recovery of merchandise from a shipwreck, family disputes involving their uncle Asher Levy, and Henry's upcoming marriage to Rosalie Hendricks.

A three-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, on November 16, 1839, to his brother Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, family news, and the financial hardships faced by the Tobias family in the context of the Panic of 1837. Henry also requests Charles to obtain a copy of his Ketubah from Mr. Goldenburg and Mr. Moses.

A two-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Barnsley, England, on November 21, 1839, to his brother Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter details a business plan to address financial difficulties, discusses a failed business venture ('Pasell's'), and expresses concern about a relative ('Cousin Fred').

A one and a half page stampless letter written by C. Melhado in Panama on May 18, 1840, to Charles Tobias in New York City. Melhado discusses his plans to remain in Panama to explore the Isthmus of Darien, mentions a letter of introduction he sent for Justo Arosemena, and inquires about Tobias's marital plans. The letter also notes that Arosemena's father was the Collector of Customs.

Three-page letter written by V.A. Sanginetti in Kingston, Jamaica, to Charles Tobias in New York City on August 24, 1840. The letter discusses the devastating effects of drought on sugar crops, Sanginetti's plans to work in coffee fields, and the financial difficulties faced by Mr. W.T. Alfred and his mother.

A two-page commercial letter written in neat, small handwriting by Leech Harrison & Co. of Liverpool, England, to H. & C. Tobias in New York City on September 30, 1840. The letter discusses the political climate in Europe, predicting the avoidance of war, and provides a detailed trade report and market analysis focusing on cotton and flour.

A two-page commercial letter dated July 31, 1840, from Leech, Harrison & Co. in Liverpool, England, to H. & C. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter provides a detailed trade report and analysis of cotton, flour, and overall market conditions, including predictions about American crops. The writers express a generally optimistic outlook on the return of confidence in trade.

A two-page stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England on January 3, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York, New York. The letter details business transactions involving goods such as buttons, velvet, and silk, including discussions of discounts and sales.

A three-page letter, plus a page of cross-hatch markings, from Charles Tobias in Holyhead, England, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City, dated May 7, 1841. Charles details his sea voyage to Liverpool, his health, and his sister Sophie's improved health. A significant portion of the letter discusses business matters, including the financial troubles of Elias Mosley and advice for Henry regarding bills of exchange.

A 1 1/2 page letter written by Charles Tobias in Huddersfield, England, on May 17, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details Charles's difficulties finding suitable goods for resale, his planned itinerary for sourcing goods, and updates on Sophie's improved health and stay at Rock Ferry.

Three-page letter, plus one page of cross-hatching, from Charles Tobias in Rock Ferry, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City, dated May 23, 1841. The letter discusses Sophie's health improvement, business dealings involving purchases for resale, sending samples to Henry, and Charles's view on the upcoming selling season.

A two-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Kidderminster, England, on May 26, 1841, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters related to the button trade, family news, and Charles's travels and lodging at the Lion Hotel.

Three-page letter, plus a two-page cross-hatch addition, from Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City, dated June 3, 1841. The letter details business matters, specifically orders for silk goods, including a discussion on credit and discounting notes. The letter also includes personal news regarding family members.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England on June 6, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter briefly discusses patterns for vestings and the credit terms to be received.

A three-page letter written by Charles Tobias in London, England on July 21, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details business transactions, including orders for jewelry and knives from Paris, financial difficulties, and a health update.

Three-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England on June 17, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter primarily discusses business matters, including orders for jewelry, silk, velvet, and knives placed in Paris on June 11, 1841. It also includes personal details expressing concern over Henry's spending habits and his emotional state.

A one-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on June 19, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter explains why a previous letter, dated June 17, 1841, missed the ship and asserts Charles's lack of responsibility for the delay.

A three-page, stampless business letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York, dated July 11, 1841. The letter discusses business matters, including collection issues and purchases.

A three-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on July 13, 1841, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter primarily discusses the health of Sophia and includes a transcription of a doctor's diagnosis, suggesting treatment options such as a warmer climate (Southern England or Spain), horseback riding, exercise, and medicine.

A three-page letter from Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, dated July 16 and July [day unknown], 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, including watch sales and a competitor's attempt to undercut prices. It also includes personal news about the family's health and activities, including a vacation in Wales.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on August 3, 1841, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City. Charles describes his travels, a recent illness requiring an operation, and details purchases of gold rings, chains, and hairpins made in Paris with M.I. Tobias & Co.

A four-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, on August 6, 1841, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter details various purchases, including cloth, doeskins, watches, and paste diamonds. Charles Tobias also describes his illness and impending surgery.

A three-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City on August 17, 1841. The letter discusses Charles's recovery from an operation, business matters concerning braid and silk, and indicates a misunderstanding between the two brothers regarding business practices, specifically the sending of invoices and instructions.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York on August 31, 1841. The letter discusses general business news, mentioning buttons, terry silks, and satin.

A three-page letter written by Charles Tobias in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York City on September 12, 1841. The letter discusses Charles's impending departure for New York, his sister Sophie's health, the purchase of silk and gold dials, difficulties obtaining Hebrew books, the cost of a medical operation, the number of steerage passengers on his ship, suspicions of smuggling, sending a chronometer, and the purchase of an iron chest for transporting letters.

A one-page commercial letter from R. & A. Campbell in Baltimore, Maryland, dated October 30, 1841, to Henry & Charles Tobias, importers of watches in New York, New York. The letter details an order and description of a watch, chain, and fob.

A three-page, stampless letter from Henry Tobias in Manchester, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, dated November 28, 1841. The letter discusses general business matters, including watches, gold dials, braid, silk, and moleskins.

A three-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Kidderminster, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City on November 28, 1841. The letter discusses business matters, including a new product (elastic hair cord), sales of Sheffield cutlery, and advertising for a machinist. Henry mentions upcoming travel to London and Paris.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England, to Charles Tobias in New York City, New York, on December 3, 1841. The letter discusses the writer's return home and mentions new styles of buttons and braids.

A 2 1/2 page letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England, on December 3, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses general business matters, including cloth and buttons, and the health and affairs of Asher Tobias, who is planning a trip to America. Henry seeks assistance from Uriah Hendrick regarding Asher's financial matters.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in London, England, on December 5, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses a lost carpet bag on a railroad, containing a sample case and boots.

A two-page, stampless letter written by Henry Tobias in Ventnor, Isle of Wight, England, on December 9, 1841, to Charles Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses a meeting with Fanny and Uriah Hendricks, comments on Fanny's weight, and details business matters including buttons, twist, credit, and house repairs needed before renting a property on Amity Street. Henry instructs his mother to wait for his return before leaving her home.

A one-page letter written by Henry Tobias in Ventnor, Isle of Wight, England, on December 9, 1841, to his mother in New York City. The letter instructs his mother not to cross the Atlantic due to the ill health of 'Fan,' who is being cared for in England. It also mentions Fanny, wife of Uriah Hendricks, who lived to be 72 years old. The letter was forwarded by Leech, Harrison & Co., Liverpool.

A letter dated July 25, 1843, from Secku Meylert in Montrose, Pennsylvania, to John M. Read in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter includes a copy of a letter Meylert received from Christian Kunckel regarding a rejected business proposition and a proposed meeting in Wilkes Barre to settle the dispute. Meylert also updates Read on his travel plans.

A letter dated November 30, 1881, from Hirsch, Feibleman & Co., wholesale grocers and importers of fine wines and liquors in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Company in Urbana, New York. The letter features large, colored printed lettering on the letterhead.

Three business letters dated November 3, 1874. The first letter is from Einstein Brothers, wholesale liquor dealers at 42 Merwin St., Cleveland, Ohio. The second is from Ullman, Einstein & Co., whiskey merchants and distillers of Ohio grape brandy, located at 154-156-158 Sheriff St., Cleveland, Ohio (established 1866). The third letter is from Ullman-Einstein & Co., whiskey distillers and blenders, with addresses at 657-659 Bolivar Rd. and 2166-2176 East 7th St., Cleveland, Ohio (established 1866, incorporated 1904). The letter also lists nine directors. The business ceased to exist in 1919.

A one-page letter dated November 30, 1821, from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to Edward Pollock in New York City. The letter discusses business matters, including slow trade, a pending shipment of goods, and the anticipated arrival of a ship named 'The Leader'.

A one-page letter, approximately 6-1/4" x 7-3/4", dated November 5, 1843, from Mrs. B. Levy in Watertown, New York, to Henry Tobias in New York City. The letter, which has a "WATERTOWN/N.Y." cds postmark and manuscript "18-3/4" rate, discusses a debt owed to Tobias by Mrs. Levy's husband, who was temporarily out of town. The letter's reverse features a note written in German.

A one-page letter, approximately 8-1/4" x 7-1/4", dated December 27, 1843, from David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses a business matter involving a draft for three hundred dollars and mentions future account statements. The letter has a Charleston, S.C. postmark and a manuscript "25" rate.

A three-quarter page letter, approximately 8" x 10", dated January 6, 1825, from Michael Nisbet in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York City. The letter discusses commercial matters, specifically a bonded shawl transaction with Eleazer Cohen, Nisbet's business partner. The letter includes details about outstanding debts and payment arrangements. The letter bears a "PHIL" cds postmark, a "PAID" handstamp, and a manuscript "12-1/2" rate indication.

A three-page business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, on June 4, 1826, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City. The letter discusses the poor business climate in Richmond, Judah's financial situation, and the prospects of a merchant named Isaac. It also includes personal reflections on his workload and social commentary on the economic situation.

A two-page letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on December 16, 1823. The letter details business matters, including the state of the business climate, the availability of Irish whiskey, and difficulties fulfilling customer orders.

A one and one-quarter page stampless letter written by Michael Nesbit in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on April 25, 1835. The letter details a business transaction concerning port, bottles, and cloth.

A half-page letter written by David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on September 24, 1845. The letter discusses a $503.75 demand note drawn on the Union Bank (NYC), the sale of champagne and tea, and Levy's instructions to Tobias not to send more goods due to slow business. Levy also sends regards to Tobias's brother.

A one-page, stampless letter written by Joseph L. Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina, to his brother Henry Tobias in New York City on August 18, 1846. Joseph requests that Henry purchase coils of rope, specifying dimensions, and sends regards to Henry's wife.

A one-page letter written by David Cardoza Levy in Charleston, South Carolina to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City on September 4, 1840. Levy requests Tobias forward a letter to Bordeaux, France, and discusses the business of selling port wine, gin, and champagne. He also expresses condolences on the death of Tobias's daughter-in-law.

A one-page stampless letter, approximately 7-1/2" x 9-1/2", dated July 11, 1825, written by Lucius Levy Solomons in Albany, New York, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City. Solomons, writing on behalf of his father, Levy Solomons, returns a note from Mr. Gilfert, explaining an unsuccessful attempt to collect payment and declining further involvement in the matter. The letter includes an "ALBANY" cds and a manuscript "12-1/2" rate.

A one-page stampless letter, dated March 7, 1848, from Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia to T. I. Tobias in New York City. Minis discusses unsatisfactory sales of goods, particularly wine, explaining discrepancies in quantities and attributing them to absorption during shipment. He apologizes for the poor results and includes his current prices.

A one-page stampless letter, measuring approximately 7-5/8" x 9-1/2", dated July 12, 1825, from H. Burts, Cashier of the Hartford Bank, to Harmon Hendricks in New York City. The letter discusses the enclosure of 100 shares of United States Bank stock as payment on a note and includes a list of U.S. Bank stock holders held at the Hartford Bank, notably including Aaron L. Gomez and Seixas Nathan. The letter also mentions Henry L. Ellsworth.

One-page letter written by D. T. Charles in Albany, New York, to T. F. Mason on March 28, 1870. The letter discusses plans to meet Adolph Sutro in New York City while Sutro awaits documents from California. T. F. Mason appears to have been involved in land sales in the Michigan copper fields.

A commercial letter written by Solomon Gans of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to J. S. & C. Wright & Co. of New York, New York, dated October 4, 1871. The letter pertains to Gans's wholesale clothing business located at 409 Market Street, Philadelphia.

This trade card is a stock card for The Demorest Emporium of Fashions in New York City. It features a color lithograph of two cherubs. The verso of the card features local retailer advertising for Bamberger & Loeb, who were dealers in hats, bonnets, feathers, flowers, silks, velvets, ribbons, neckties, ruches, collars, cuffs, laces, crepe, crepe veils, hosiery, corsets, bustles, gloves, underwear, embroidery, fringes, ladies' coats, and linen dresses. The back of the card advertises their location: 26 and 28 North Queen Street, Lancaster, PA.

Business letter dated October 10, 1871, from J. Lowman & Brother, located at the northeast corner of Pearl and Race Streets in Cincinnati, Ohio, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. in New York, New York. The letter pertains to business dealings between the two companies.

A business letter dated October 14, 1871, from Seliger & Newman, located at 18 Hanover Street, Baltimore, Maryland, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. in New York, New York. The letter includes a check.

Envelope addressed to B. E. Jones in Buffalo, Kansas, postmarked May 25, 1891. The envelope was sent from either New York, NY or Kansas City, MO. The recipient's marriage was announced in a Jewish newspaper.

Trade card advertising M. W. Carr & Co. as the sole manufacturers and selling agents for Bornstein's Improved Patent Pin Hooks. The card includes an actual pin hook. Circa 1885. Issued in Boston and New York, United States.

Commercial letter sent from New York to L. A. Levy Jr. in New Orleans, Louisiana on April 4, 1842. The letter expresses dissatisfaction or unhappiness, the exact nature of which is not specified in the available metadata.

Commercial letter from M. I. Tobias & Co. in Liverpool, England, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York, dated June 18, 1844. The letter pertains to business matters.

One-page commercial letter written by George Washington Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his uncle, T.I. Tobias, in New York, New York, on November 24, 1837. The letter discusses a billing error.

A stampless, one-quarter page commercial letter written by Dickson & Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 6, 1846, to Henry Tobias in New York, New York. The letter pertains to commercial items.

Two-page letter dated January 1, 1880, from Ernest Allen in Montgomery, Alabama, to his mother, Ellen Lazarus Allen Shutt, in New York City. The letter expresses concern about a family illness (diphtheria) and describes the recent snowfall in Montgomery. The letterhead features boxed advertising and a red illustration of a steam engine. Accompanied by the original envelope addressed to Mrs. E. L. Shutt in New York City. Ellen Lazarus Allen Shutt (1825-1917) was born in Wilmington, North Carolina, into a Jewish family. She married John Allen, who converted to Judaism, and later married Walter Shutt. Ernest Allen (1854-1908) was the son of Ellen Lazarus and John Allen.

A letter written by J. Moss in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York on July 27, 1841. The content of the letter pertains to commercial matters.

A half-page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, dated April 27, 1826.

A commercial letter dated September 30, 1871, from Stettauers & Wineman, a large dry goods dealer in Chicago, Illinois, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co. in New York, New York. The letter, written eight days before the Great Chicago Fire, includes a check (not present in the collection) for $392.54.

A stampless letter written by Charles Henry Haswell in Cold Spring, New York, to Hendricks & Brothers in New York City on April 5, 1841. The letter discusses the need for copper bolts for the boilers of the USS Missouri, then under construction. The cover shows a manuscript postmark and is addressed to 'Mess Hendricks & Bros New York'.

A three and one-quarter page letter written from New York City to Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, on January 15-16, 1846. The letter, written by Amelia Tobias and Tobias I. Tobias, contains family news and gossip, including details about a marriage, an auction, and the well-being of Henry and Augusta's son.

A three-page letter written by Harriet Hendricks in New York City to Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, on February 9, 1846. The letter contains family news, gossip, and details about the Hendricks family.

A letter dated December 10, 1845, from T. I. Tobias in New York City to his son, Henry Tobias, in Liverpool, England. The letter discusses Henry's health, the writer's financial difficulties, the impact of President Polk's message, and cautions against short-term borrowing. It also includes a two-page copy of an attorney's expenses related to the will of Asher Levy (June/July 1838).

A one-page autograph letter written by Charles Tobias in New Orleans, Louisiana to his father, T.I. Tobias in New York, New York on December 31, 1846. Charles describes favorable trade conditions and includes a newspaper clipping about a sold silver service.

Two-page letter from Thomas Jefferson Tobias in Charleston, South Carolina to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated August 11, 1851. The letter discusses a wine order, including cask specifications, and congratulates T. I. Tobias on a new grandchild. Family news and affections are also included. Thomas Jefferson Tobias (1830-1878) was married to a member of the Hendricks family, a family with connections to the Cohens and Levys of Charleston, who were also involved in the wine trade.

A two and three-quarter page letter (4.5" x 8") written by Thomas Ward in London, England to Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York on April 9, 1852. The letter primarily discusses business matters, including hose, bitters, and sardines, and also contains some personal gossip.

A one-page letter (4.5" x 8") written by L. J. Sylvester in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Tobias I. Tobias on December 1, 1852. The letter concerns an order for a chest of black tea to be delivered via Adams.

Three-page letter written by L. J. Sylvester in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City, New York on November 17, 1854. The letter contains personal news and gossip about mutual friends and family, including a mention of Charles Tobias' illness. Sylvester discusses his plans to return to New York City by Christmas.

Three-page autograph letter written by Clement Hooverman in London, England to T. I. Tobias in New York, New York on November 18, 1853. The letter discusses wine and appears to be a reintroduction between the two correspondents. The letter measures 7 7/8" x 4".

One-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London, England, on June 22, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter provides an update on a shipment in progress, including details.

A one-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London, England on June 29, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter provides an update on a shipment in progress, including details.

One-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London on July 6, 1855, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter confirms an order and requests insurance.

A one-and-a-half-page letter (10" x 8") written by William Page in London, England on December 23, 1859, to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter quotes prices for wine.

A one-page letter (7" x 9") written by Jane Leavitt in London, England, on April 3, 1857, to her uncle, Tobias I. Tobias, in New York City. Leavitt discusses her mother's illness, her inability to maintain correspondence, and extends Passover greetings to her uncle, thanking him for his kindness to her brother.

This congressional report, dated 1824-1825 and finalized in 1829, documents the claim of Moritz Furst, a renowned Jewish Hungarian engraver and medalist, for compensation from the U.S. government. Furst, who was enticed to the United States in 1807 to serve as an engraver at the Philadelphia Mint but never received the position, details his career and the years of appeals to Congress to resolve this matter. The report includes supporting letters from prominent figures, notably a letter of support from President James Monroe dated March 1, 1825, and correspondence from individuals including E.S. Lazarus (uncle of Emma Lazarus) and Aaron J. Phillips, attesting to Furst's qualifications and contributions. The document highlights Furst's significant contributions as a medalist, particularly his work on War of 1812 medals, as well as his skill as a seal cutter, engraver, and diesinker.

A two-page letter dated February 10, 1811, from Benjamin Jacobs of New York City to William Meredith concerning a legal suit against the Union Insurance Company of Philadelphia. Jacobs, acting on behalf of his son-in-law, Gompert S. Gompert, details an insurance claim for a lost cargo of sugar and authorizes Meredith to draw on him for legal expenses.

A letter dated November 15, 1811, from Samuel Jones Jr. in New York City to William Meredith in Philadelphia. The letter pertains to a legal case involving the estate of Gompert S. Gomperts and Seixas Nathan, concerning a claim against the Union Insurance Company for the loss of a sugar cargo in 1805. Jones discusses the progress of the case and sends Joseph Kaumann to Philadelphia to obtain an update from Meredith.

This pamphlet contains the constitution and by-laws of the United Hebrew Benevolent Association of Helena, Montana, printed in New York in 1885 by Thalmessinger & Mendham. It includes a list of the association's members. The document outlines the organization's rules, regulations, and objectives, providing insight into the structure and activities of a Jewish benevolent society in the American West during the 19th century.

Three-page business letter dated November 4, 1830, from Mordecai Myers in Petersburg, Virginia, to Matthew Maury in New York, New York. The letter details cotton purchases Myers made on Maury's account, totaling approximately $12,000 (equivalent to approximately $300,000 in 2017).

A stampless letter dated August 17, 1850, from J. B. Butler & Son in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York. The letter concerns a request for details on copper roofing, specifying a quantity of 420 square feet. The letter includes an orange circular date stamp and a truncated "5".

A letter written by John M. Cauley to Harmon Hendricks on November 8, 1806, discussing the price of copper in Bristol and its impact on anticipated orders. The letter was sent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to New York, New York. It is the earliest correspondence to Harmon Hendricks within the collection, indicating prior business dealings between the two individuals.

Two-page letter written by A. Engle in New Orleans on October 6, 1857, to James Symington in New York. The letter discusses a business matter concerning a draft, banking transactions, and the potential loss of money. It reveals details about pre-Civil War business practices and anxieties related to banking solvency.

A one-page letter, approximately 7-3/4" x 9-5/8", dated April 11, 1832, from Henry Hays in Philadelphia to Seth Low & Co. in New York City. The letter, signed by Alexander Lipman on behalf of Hays, concerns the sale of rhubarb and inquires about other goods Seth Low & Co. might wish to sell.

A circa 1830s stampless letter from New York bankers J. L. & S. Joseph & Co. to N. M. Rothschild in London. The letter, which includes a printed flap denoting bonds and bank stocks with handwritten prices, was sent from New York and charged 2/8d postage 'per Thames'. It features a clear Portsmouth/Ship Letter postmark. The contents page has been removed.

A one-page stampless letter dated January 10, 1844, from Elias P. Levy, writing on behalf of his partner Henry Cohen, to Henry Jessop in New York City. The letter concerns a bill for pens and expresses dissatisfaction with Jessop charging interest. The letter includes a red Philadelphia postmark and a handwritten '12-1/2' postage rate. The letter provides insight into the business practices of Henry Cohen & Co., a Philadelphia stationery firm.

A one-page letter, dated October 17, 1844, from Samuel Nathan Hart of Charleston, South Carolina to William Jessop & Sons in New York City. Hart encloses a check for payment on an invoice for steel from 1842 and explains the delay in payment. The letter features a Charleston, S.C. postmark and a red "25" rate handstamp.

Trade card advertising Austen's Forest Flower Cologne, a perfume manufactured by W. J. Austen & Co. of Oswego, New York. The card features the logo for Austen's Forest Flower Cologne and indicates that it is sold by M. Cohen, a men's clothing merchant in Louisville, Kentucky. Circa 1885.

Billhead from S. Waxelbaum & Son, wholesalers of dry goods and notions, located in Macon, Georgia. Dated April 4, 1883. The billhead is addressed to Hy Hallson & Co., located in Highland Mills, New York. The billhead is written in a flowing cursive script and contains an ornate flourish. The transaction likely represents payment to S. Waxelbaum & Son from Hy Hallson & Co., in the amount of $199.25. This transaction was paid for via a check drawn on Central National Bank in New York. The billhead includes a handwritten receipt signed by Sammy A. French.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by W. Hendricks Levy in Charleston, South Carolina, to Hendricks & Brothers in New York, New York, on February 12, 1843. The letter pertains to the purchase of copper coin.

A business letter written by Abraham Minis in Savannah, Georgia on October 17, 1845, to T. J. Tobias in New York, New York. The letter discusses the sales of wine, including Port, Sherry, Brandy, and Madeira.

Autograph document (unsigned) from Aaron Lopez, spanning two pages (7 1/2 x 12 inches). Written in Newport, Rhode Island on August 20, 1766, this letter provides sailing orders to Captain Nathaniel Briggs of the brig Sally. The orders detail the sale of the ship's cargo, instructions for managing the proceeds, and explicit directions to acquire and sell slaves in Africa, the West Indies, and Jamaica. The letter also alludes to Lopez's extensive network of contacts across various locations, including the Falkland Islands, the West Indies, Madeira, Lisbon, Gibraltar, Cadiz, and Barbados.

Engraved map of Aaronsburg, Pennsylvania, published in New York by E. Low in 1810. The map depicts Aaronsburg, founded in 1786 by Aaron Levy, the first town in Pennsylvania planned and named after a Jewish settler. The map also includes details about the town's layout, its planned streets, and its location in Centre County, Pennsylvania.

Sheet music for "Spring of Love: Printemps L'Amour Nocturne," composed by Maurice Strakosch expressly for Boardman & Gray's Dolce Campana Attachment. Published in Albany, New York by Boardman & Gray in 1849. Six pages.

A one-page letter written by David Carvalho from New York City to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia on December 5, 1850. The letter concerns prayer books ordered from Leeser. Carvalho identifies himself as the brother of S. N. Carvalho.

Billhead from L. Sinsheimer, a children's, boy's, and youth's clothing business located at 542 & 544 Broadway, New York City. The billhead is dated December 1, 1882, and measures 7 x 8 inches. It was issued to Joseph Brooks in Waterloo, New York.

Invoice from Sam'l Loewenstein, manufacturer and importer of gents' neck wear, silk handkerchiefs, and other goods, located at 52 Lispenard Street, between Church Street and Broadway, New York City. Dated May 5, 1881. The bill lists the purchase of various items, including collars, buttons, shirts, handkerchiefs, and sleeves by Joseph Brooks, likely a retailer or merchant. The billhead includes the business address, date, itemized list, pricing, and a section for payment terms and details. The billhead uses ornate Victorian-style lettering with clear, concise formatting.

Invoice from Morris & Saloman, manufacturers of pants and vests, located at 27 Howard Street, New York City. The billhead is dated April 10, 1883 and lists a purchase of various pants and vests by Joseph Brooks from Waterloo, New York. The bill details a breakdown of the purchase and prices with a total of $1.85. The billhead features elegant cursive script for the business name and a decorative frame around the header section.

Billhead of Meyer Corn, manufacturer of and jobber in hats, caps, and straw goods, located at 69 Mercer St., New York City. The billhead is dated April 10, 1886. The bill was issued to Joseph Brooks of Waterloo, NY, and lists several items purchased and their corresponding prices. There is a decorative element that includes a company logo printed in the upper left corner, with the name 'Stockwell London' printed below it. The billhead also has ornate Victorian-style lettering.

A two-and-a-quarter page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on September 3, 1823. The letter details sales, prices, and suggests the company has overcome financial difficulties. It mentions Mr. Abraham Sexias of New York City.

Three-page business letter from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, dated March 29, 1824. The letter details sales, prices, and mentions an inquiry from Mr. Gomez.

A one and three-quarter page business letter from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, dated April 27, 1824. The letter details business transactions, including debts and payments, mentioning a significant sum of $3,000 owed to Mr. Marx (approximately $80,000 in 2019).

Two-page business letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated January 27, 1824. The letter discusses business sales and includes personal details about family, supper, and drink. The letter shows damage.

Two-page business letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated October 1, 1824. The letter discusses business sales, personal matters, and includes a prayer request.

A one-page business letter dated October 2, 1824, from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York. The letter concerns funds and includes a draft for $3,000.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York on October 4, 1824. The letter discusses sales and funds. David Judah & Co., licensed as auctioneers on November 11, 1822, consisted of Judah, T. I. Tobias, and Edward Pollock. While information on David Judah is limited, sources indicate he was a leading member of the Richmond Synagogue and a merchant. He is also noted as an auctioneer who dealt in slaves. His last known letter in this collection dates to April 12, 1849.

A one-page, stampless business letter from David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City, dated April 22, 1824. The letter discusses sales, finances, and the ill health of both the writer and recipient.

A half-page business letter written on December 27, 1825, from David Judah & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York. The letter expresses dissatisfaction with a previous order, noting a discrepancy in the color of goods received.

A one-and-a-half-page stampless business letter written by David Judah of D. J. & Co. in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias of T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on October 28, 1825. The letter details the successful sale of various merchandise.

A one-page business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia, to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York, on October 27, 1825. The letter discusses the shipment of tea and stout and requests that Tobias & Co. cease business dealings with a certain Jones, deemed too difficult.

A one-page, stampless business letter written by David Judah in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York, New York on January 20, 1825. The letter discusses the shipment of tobacco and mentions a fur transaction involving Judah's uncle, Zelma Rehine. The letter provides insights into the business dealings of David Judah, a prominent Richmond merchant and early mentor to Isaac Leeser. It also alludes to the involvement of Marx & Son and W. B. & Co. in business activities related to Judah and Tobias.

A one-quarter page commercial letter sent from Whitwell Bond & Co. in Boston, Massachusetts to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on February 21, 1825. The letter forwards a remittance draft from David Judah & Co.

A three-quarter page letter written by David Judah of Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias in New York City, dated December 7, 1826. The letter discusses business matters and a planned visit.

A one-page letter written by David Judah of D. J. & Co. in Richmond, Virginia to T. I. Tobias of T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City, dated May 4, 1826. The letter discusses the financial difficulties faced by the writer during the Panic of 1826.

A half-page letter dated January 27, 1829, from the Farmers Bank of Virginia in Richmond to Tobias I. Tobias in New York City. The letter addresses an inquiry about the debt owed by David Judah & Co. to the bank, indicating that the debt is small and being paid off. This correspondence is the last in the Tobias Collection referencing David Judah, whose firm dissolved in 1828, after which he moved to Baltimore.

A one-page stampless letter written by Michael I. Tobias in Liverpool, England to his brother, Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, dated December 7, 1833. The letter declines an order from T.I. Tobias due to concerns about profitability and comments on the poor quality of apples previously received.

A 2 1/2 page letter written by Michael I. Tobias in Liverpool, England, to his brother Tobias I. Tobias in New York, New York, on November 23, 1833. The letter details an evaluation of the cloth market and includes a personal reflection on age and experience.

A government slave shipment form dated June 19, 1860, documenting the transportation of four enslaved individuals from Savannah, Georgia, to New York, New York, aboard the ship Augusta. The form certifies that the enslaved individuals were not imported after 1808 and details their owners, Abraham Minis, M. I. Cohen, and I. A. Winkler, all Jewish merchants. The document measures 18.5" x 13.75" unfolded. It includes details about each enslaved person, including their sex, age, height, and description.

Statement from Rowe, Rosenberg & Co., wholesalers in dry goods, located at the corner of Market Street and First Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Dated October 14, 1876. The bill details purchases made by Charles Johnson, located in Rochester, New York, from April 1876 to October 1876. It lists several items purchased, including whiskey, with associated quantities and prices. The billhead features a printed header with the company name, address, and a small decorative flourish. The billhead is written in a formal and legible cursive script.

A commercial letter, likely written by Tobias I. Tobias to David Judah, discussing business affairs involving Edward Pollock & Co., David Judah & Co., and T. I. Tobias & Co. The letter was written from an unknown location, likely New York, to Richmond, Virginia, on April 1, 1823.

Letter to Mayer Sulzberger, written on The American Hebrew letterhead, concerning plans to publish full accounts of the Montefiore celebrations in New York and Philadelphia. The writer requests permission to print Sulzberger's oration in full. Dated October 11, 1884.

Congratulatory letter addressed to Mayer Sulzberger regarding an address he delivered at the Young Men's Orthodox Talmud Torah Association (Y.M.O.T.A.) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 5, 1884. The letter's sender is illegible. The letter was sent from 39 Broadway, New York, NY.

This trade card advertises the Ostheimer Brothers, who sold Ch. Guyot suspenders. The front of the card features a black and white image of a man wearing a suit and a hat. The card lists three locations for the company: 917-919 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, PA, 406 Broadway, New York, NY, and the French Section Exposition, Chicago, IL. The card is printed on a cream background with black and red text. There are no images on the back of the card, only more information about the business.

This collection comprises 24 miscellaneous letters from the Tobias family archive, spanning the years 1843-1865. The letters, written between various members of the Tobias family and their associates, discuss personal and business matters, including family health, shipping, money issues, and general news. Geographic locations mentioned include Liverpool, England; New York, New York; Charleston, South Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Paris, France; and Cheltenham, England. Addresses mentioned in the letters include Board Street, New York, NY; 29 Nassau Street, New York, NY; Bleecker Street, New York, NY; Broad Street, New York, NY; and 38 Harley Street, London, England. The collection provides insight into the lives and business dealings of a Jewish merchant family in the mid-19th century.

This trade card advertises Goetter, Weil & Co., dry goods merchants. The card lists the business as agents for Austen's Forest Flower Cologne. The address for the business is in Montgomery, Alabama. The card has a red border and a stylized floral illustration.

Trade card advertising the boys' clothing businesses of J. W. Rosenthal & Co. and H. & A. Rosenbloom. J. W. Rosenthal & Co. was located at First Street, Fulton, NY, and H. & A. Rosenbloom was located on Main Street, Mexico, NY. The card is undated, but is circa 1885 based on stylistic analysis. The card features both business' locations in New York State.

This trade card advertises the clothing store, Schendel & Noah, located at 215 Main Street, Danbury, CT and the Opera House Block, Amsterdam, NY. The card features a brown and white design. The card is printed on a glossy paper.

Autograph letter signed by Isaac Mayer Wise (1819-1900) written in German to Rabbi Max Landsberg (1845-1927) on the letterhead of *The Israelite & Die Deborah*. The verso contains Landsberg's pencil-written response to Wise. Wise questions Landsberg's signing of a petition against him at the Cincinnati rabbinical conference. The letter includes Landsberg's response. Two pages. Written in Cincinnati, Ohio on July 10th, 1871 and Rochester, NY on July 13th, 1871. Letters fully transcribed and with complete English translation.

A commercial letter dated September 25, 1880, from S. Strauss & Co., Bourbon & Rye Whiskey distillers and wholesalers in Charleston, West Virginia, to Ben Baer in Rheims, New York. The letter mentions warehouses in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Lawrenceburg, Kentucky; and Augusta County, Virginia.

A business letter dated May 18, 1882, from Berkson Bros., wholesale grocers in New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Pleasant Valley Wine Co. in Rheims, New York. The letter provides insight into the wholesale grocery trade in New Orleans at the time. The letter mentions Simon Berkson's service in the Civil War and his involvement in Jewish community affairs.

Billhead from Rosengarten & Sons, Manufacturing Chemists, located at the southwest corner of 17th and Fitzwater Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Issued on May 11, 1883, by Charles H. Rutherford, representative of Rosengarten & Sons, at 26 Liberty Street, New York City. The billhead includes information about the company's history and prominent figures.

Trade card advertising Warner Brothers Corsets sold by Lehman Ullman. The card features an illustration of a woman, possibly Miss Rose, and indicates business locations in Titusville, Pennsylvania and New York, New York. Circa 1885.

Original handwritten order from Lieutenant A. Brown of the 44th Regiment of Foot, dated March 29, 1759, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, instructing payment to Joseph Simons for recruiting activities. Endorsed and signed by Archibald Campbell. The verso contains additional information dated April 18, 1759, in New York, referencing Peter Van Brugh Livingston and Naphtali Hart Myers.

Envelope addressed to Henry Tobias at 29 Nassau Street, New York, NY, from an unknown sender. The envelope is undated and originates from Boston, MA.

An envelope addressed to H. & C. Tobias in New York, NY from Henry Tobias in Liverpool, England, dated August 18, 1841. The envelope contains a partially written draft of a letter declining an invitation.