Geography: Boston

A small, circular box of Lablache face powder manufactured by Ben. Levy & Co. The box contains the original powder. The object is dated circa 1906 based on the donor's information, but the box itself does not include a date.

Unusual advertising piece: a brush handle with the name and address of H. M. Levine carved into the top. The address is listed as 125 Tremont Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The date is unknown, but estimated to be around 1920 based on stylistic features and other materials in this collection. The item is part of a larger collection of Judaica Americana.

Clear glass whiskey bottle with the inscription "H. Swartz & Co. Leverett St. Boston Mass." and "UNION MADE" molded into the glass. Manufactured circa 1860s in Boston, Massachusetts.

This is an advertisement pamphlet featuring a steel engraving of Sarah Bernhardt, the famous French actress. Created by C. A. Walker, the pamphlet praises Bernhardt's acting talents. It was likely distributed around 1880 in Boston, Massachusetts.

This is the third edition of Moses Stuart's letter to William Ellery Channing on the subject of religious freedom, published by Perkins & Marvin in Boston in 1830. The letter engages with Channing's views on religious tolerance and likely presents Stuart's own perspectives on the matter, potentially within the context of 19th-century American religious discourse.

This 11-page pamphlet contains the president's address and secretary's annual report from Congregation Ohabei Shalom in Boston, Massachusetts, dated April 1, 1886. The report notably includes a discussion of burial customs and unique fees, along with strategies to attract new members. Isaac Rosnosky and S. Simons are named as individuals associated with the report.

Statement of account from Daniel Frank & Co., importers of Havana Cigars, located at 10 Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts, dated December 28, 1887. This invoice lists an item purchased by C. C. Kendrick, totaling $23.00. The billhead includes an ornate Victorian-style logo of a cigar with the company name, and a detailed address.

Billhead from Gross & Strauss, importers and retailers of laces, lace goods, embroideries, hosiery, kid gloves, dress trimmings, corsets, and thread store goods. The business is located at No. 46 Winter Street, Boston, with a retail department at the same location. Dated December 4, 1884, the bill lists the purchase of an item(s) by H. J. Kruppin. A printed image depicts a multi-story brick building with the store's name displayed prominently and a street level storefront. The billhead also features an ornamental border around the header section, and includes the words 'Paid', 'Terms, Net Cash' and 'Bought of Gross & Strauss' printed directly on the billhead.

Invoice from Lewenberg & Co., manufacturers and jobbers of men's and youths' clothing, located at 47 Summer St., Boston, Massachusetts. Dated February 27, 1892. The bill lists items purchased by Doe Bros., including suits and coats, and includes quantities, prices, and a total cost for the purchase. The billhead has a printed header with a company logo, clear business details, and ornate lettering.

Billhead from F. Geldowsky, a furniture manufacturer located at 107 Washington St. Extension, Boston. Dated April 3, 1876. The bill lists the purchase of ‘Heavy Hollow Chair’ and ‘Oak F. Chair’ by W. E. Hiske. The total of the bill is $15.25. The billhead includes a decorative frame and images of the factory and warerooms.

Billhead from Kendric, C. C. and Daniel Frank & Co., located at 746 and 748 West Main Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The billhead, dated July 2, 1889, features a lithographic image of Chinese goods, possibly indicating the nature of their business. A notation suggests it was displayed at Library of Congress exhibits in Cincinnati.

Invoice from Daniel Frank & Co., importers of Havana cigars, located at 10 Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts. Dated July 2, 1889. The billhead lists the purchase of 24,500 cigars at $200. The billhead features a detailed illustration of a store front, likely the location of the business. Ornate lettering, clear business details, and a stamped “PLEASE ACCEPT OUR THANKS FOR YOUR REMITTANCE” note are also present.

A broadside advertisement for Henry Bornstein & Co.'s "Improved Patented Pin Hooks," priced at 25 cents per dozen. The advertisement claims numerous awards and mentions distribution at the Great Mechanics' Exhibition. Published in Boston, Massachusetts, circa 1885.

Price list for furs and skins, printed by Kakas Bros., shippers and manufacturers located at 34 and 36 Bedford Street, Boston, Massachusetts. Dated November 15, 1885. The list includes prices for various types of furs and skins, including bear, beaver, cat, fisher, fox, mink, muskrat, marten, lynx, otter, raccoon, and skunk. The price list provides both a price range and a specific price per item. The billhead uses simple black and white print with a framed header section.

A broadside advertisement for Meyer's department store in Boston, Massachusetts. The broadside features a graphic depiction of the store located at the corner of Broad and Foushee Streets. It includes the store's slogan, "Meyer's...Everything for Everybody." The broadside likely dates from around 1890, based on the information provided in the description of the item. The dimensions of the broadside are approximately 5" x 6".

Playbill for a performance at the Boston Museum on Monday evening, January 13, 1862, featuring Julius Eichberg as leader and musical director. The broadside advertises the performance and highlights Eichberg's role. Published in Boston, Massachusetts.

A broadside advertisement from Weil, Dreyfus & Co. announcing that Charles and Jacob Weil, the original founders of the company in 1864, are still in business while other partners have left. It includes the address of their New York salesroom: 538 Broadway. Published in Boston, Massachusetts, on November 11, 1889.

An advertising envelope for Cook & Seixas, manufacturers and wholesale dealers in boots and shoes, located at 211 & 213 Madison Street, Chicago, Illinois. The envelope, circa 1885, features a lithograph of the store front on the back. Addressed to Paul J. Coolidge in Boston, Massachusetts.

An advertising envelope for Susmann Brothers, dated April 23, 1878. The envelope lists their address as 105 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The envelope also mentions W. C. Crosby.

Envelope from Goldsmith, Silver & Co. in Boston, Massachusetts, dated February 8, 1898. The envelope features advertising for "M. C. A." cigars, depicted as spokes of a wheel, and includes the company's establishment date of 1886. Additional addresses are listed as Cor. Causeway & Merrimac Sts. and 44 Summer Street.

A commercial letter dated November 21, 1857, from the firm Cohen & Fosdick in Savannah, Georgia, to I.G. Weld in Boston, Massachusetts. The letter discusses the cotton market and the state of the river for shipping.

A business letter written by Moses Michael Hays in Boston, Massachusetts on March 19, 1787. The recipient of the letter is unknown.

This letter, dated September 20, 1875, was written by Ebenezer C. Bailey to Mayer Brothers in Demopolis, Alabama. The letter discusses the transmittal of a bill. Mayer Brothers were early Jewish merchants in Demopolis.

A stampless letter from the firm Cohen & Fosdick in Savannah, Georgia, to I. G. Weld in Boston, Massachusetts, dated November 5, 1852. The letter discusses cotton prices and is written on a copy of "The Savannah Republican Prices Current," Vol. 12, No. 8.

This trade card, dated June 21, 1888, advertises Weil, Dreyfus & Co., a clothing store located in Proctorsville, Vermont, and Boston, Massachusetts. The card is a postcard, with a list of shirts, ties, and other items on the back. It features a one-cent stamp in the upper right corner.

Four-page shipping manifest detailing goods shipped by Moses Myers from Norfolk, Virginia to Boston, Massachusetts on March 24, 1796. The manifest includes 250 hogsheads of tobacco and 17 enslaved people, with a total value of 5066 pounds sterling. The document is signed by Moses Myers.

A single-page letter written by Judah Hays on June 30, 1797, in Boston, Massachusetts. The letter is addressed to a Captain, likely of the schooner Boston, which was unlawfully detained in a French port. Hays discusses the unlawful detainment and the infringement of rights. This letter is significant due to its creation during a period of heightened naval tensions between the United States and France.

Membership certificate issued by the American Society for Meliorating the Condition of the Jews on August 1, 1825, in Boston, Massachusetts, conferring a lifetime directorship to Rev. S. V. S. Wilder. The certificate notes a payment of $50.00. Printed in black ink.

Printed insurance policy underwritten in the office of Abraham Touro in Boston, Massachusetts on October 7, 1801, for a shipment to Liverpool, England. The document includes signatures by Abraham Touro and embossed revenue stamps.

Three-page printed and handwritten legal document concerning claims for the salvage of an insured ship. Includes an affidavit signed by Abraham Touro and the seal of John Gardner. Issued in Boston, Massachusetts on February 19, 1807.

A one-page letter dated May 3, 1854, from Moses Ehrlich in Boston, Massachusetts, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses the controversy surrounding Judah Touro's bequests and the conflict between recently arrived Eastern European Jews and the German Jewish establishment in Philadelphia. Ehrlich requests Leeser to publish congregational resolutions related to the dispute and to intervene with the estate's executors.

A two-page letter written in German from B. Wurmser in Boston, Massachusetts to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 15, 1848. The letter discusses the election of officers for the first congregation in Boston (established 1844), the proposed introduction of a three-year cycle in religious observance, the progress of a religious school, and the activities of the Ladies Hebrew Benevolent Society.

Company store currency note for 10 cents issued by S. Cohen & Co. in Boston, Massachusetts in 1863. The note features a lithograph of a Civil War officer and was printed by L. Prang.

Company store currency note for 25 cents issued by S. Cohen & Co. in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1863. The note features a lithograph of a Civil War officer and was printed by L. Prang.

Ten-cent company store currency note issued by S. Cohen & Co. in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1863. The note features a lithograph of a Civil War officer and was printed by L. Prang.

Issue of the American Apollo newspaper from Boston, Massachusetts, published on December 18, 1794. Includes an advertisement for the play "The Jew", which is notable as one of the first English-language plays to portray a Jewish character as the hero. Also contains news from Pittsburgh regarding the Whiskey Rebellion.

Page 4, column 3 of the *Massachusetts Centinel*, published in Boston, Massachusetts on September 16, 1786. This newspaper clipping features an advertisement offering a reward for the apprehension of Elkin Solomon, a Dutch Jew described as a former smuggler and juggler. The advertisement provides detailed information about Solomon's activities and appearance, noting his involvement in smuggling during the war and his profession as a broker in Baltimore by 1789.

Issue of the Boston Magazine from January 1785, published in Boston, Massachusetts. This issue contains a notice regarding the death of Haym Salomon on page 39.

Newspaper clipping from the *Boston Commercial Gazette*, dated February 3, 1820, featuring an early report on Mordecai Manuel Noah's efforts to establish a Jewish asylum on Grand Island, near Buffalo, New York. The article details Noah's proposal to the New York State Legislature, including his offer to pay one-eighth of the cost and subsequent installments. It mentions the laying of the cornerstone of the asylum, later named "Ararat," in 1825 with much ceremony. The clipping is from Volume B, Page 15 of the archive.

Newspaper clipping from the *Boston Courier*, April 17, 1841, featuring a description of Passover celebrations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The clipping is from Volume D, Page 2.

Issue of the Boston Daily Advertiser newspaper published in Boston, Massachusetts on May 5, 1838. This issue contains extensive letters regarding the April 27, 1838 fire in Charleston, South Carolina, specifically referencing the destruction of the Hebrew Synagogue. The newspaper mentions a print depicting the interior of the destroyed synagogue, created by S.N. Carvalho.

Newspaper clipping from the *Boston Recorder*, February 5, 1820, reporting on Mordecai Manuel Noah's petition for a Jewish colony on Grand Island, near Buffalo, New York. The article, reprinted in *The Salem Gazette*, expresses approval of Noah's plan, highlighting America's potential as a safe haven for Jewish immigrants.

Newspaper clipping from the Boston Recorder, published in Boston, Massachusetts on February 8, 1820. The article discusses a pamphlet proposing a plan to settle Jews in the United States, possibly referencing Mordecai Manuel Noah's Ararat scheme, although not explicitly named. The article comments on the ideals of the plan and suggests the Southern borders of the Great Lakes as a suitable location due to the canals and commerce.

This archival item consists of an October 25, 1822, issue of the *Christian Register*, a newspaper published in Boston, Massachusetts. The issue reprints a letter from a Jewish organization in Berlin, Germany, published earlier in the *New York Commercial Advertiser*, expressing support for Mordecai Manuel Noah's efforts to establish a Jewish settlement in Ararat. The *Christian Register* also includes a favorable editorial about Noah's project preceding the reprinted letter.

Excerpt from the May 4, 1833, issue of the *Christian Register*, a periodical published in Boston, Massachusetts. The excerpt features an article from the *Portland Courier* about a visit to Charleston, South Carolina. The excerpt is presented in English.

This archival item is an October 1, 1825, issue of the *Christian Register*, a Boston, Massachusetts newspaper. The back page contains a full reprint of Mordecai Manuel Noah's proclamation to the Jews, delivered in Buffalo, New York on September 15, 1825, by A. B. Seixas.

Newspaper clipping from the February 12, 1825, edition of the *Christian Register*, published in Boston, Massachusetts. The clipping features a front-page article on the Maryland Jew Bill, reprinted from the *North American Review* and based on Mr. Worthington's speech in the Maryland legislature. Volume IV, No. 5.

Newspaper clipping from the *Christian Witness*, published in Boston, Massachusetts on September 23, 1836. The clipping contains a short article about the Jew Bill in the London Parliament, referred to as the "Jewish Disabilities Bill." It also includes an article about a plague in Smyrna, noting that only 200 out of 2000 Jews survived.

Newspaper clipping from the *Columbian Centinel*, published in Boston, Massachusetts on October 11, 1806. The clipping details the Jewish Synod in Paris, France.

Issue of the *Columbian Centinel* newspaper published in Boston, Massachusetts on June 1, 1791. This issue contains an early American article connecting the French Revolution to the rights of Jews, along with other news, advertisements, and a notice of a Masons meeting.

Newspaper clipping from the Daily Evening Transcript, published in Boston, Massachusetts on October 6, 1834. The clipping discusses Senators Clay and Calhoun's refusal to accept a Thomas Jefferson statue offered as a gift by Uriah P. Levy, and includes a description of a Jewish funeral.

Newspaper from the July 16, 1853, issue of *Gleason's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion*, published in Boston, Massachusetts. Features a two-page centerfold depicting a bird's-eye view of ancient Jerusalem, identifying over one hundred locations.

Issue of the *Independent Chronicle and the Universal Advertiser* newspaper published in Boston, Massachusetts on March 14, 1796. This issue contains an advertisement for a showing of the play "The Jew" by Richard Cumberland.

Newspaper excerpt from the *New-England Galaxy*, published in Boston, Massachusetts on December 8, 1826. The excerpt features an uncomplimentary article about Jews in Poland, taken from "Henderson's Travels in Russia."

Carte-de-visite (CDV) portrait photograph of Florence Levey, full-length standing, holding up a skirt. Published by C. F. Conly in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. The photograph also includes the notation "London Gaiety Co." The date is undetermined, but it is estimated to be around 1875.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) photograph of Felix Mendelssohn. From the series "Portraits of Musical Celebrities," No. 7. Published by G.D. Russell & Company, 126 Tremont St., Boston, Mass. Undated, but likely circa 1875 based on the collection date. The photograph is part of the collection Arc.MS.56, Box 10, Folder 2.

A police mug shot photograph of Jacob Pesorowsky, arrested in Boston, Massachusetts on January 6, 1920, for breaking and entering a store at night and grand larceny ($10,000). The description on the photograph indicates he has a hooked nose and is 5'8" tall.

Police mug shot of Israel Mendelowicz, arrested for wife neglect in Boston, Massachusetts on July 13, 1916. The photograph is a carte-de-visite.

Sheet music for "Jephtha's Daughter" from the Hebrew Melodies. Composed by John Braham and Isaac Nathan. Published in Boston by C. Bradlee circa 1835. Additional publication information indicates editions published by E.S. Mesier, Braham & Nathan in New York, New York, undated. WorldCat indicates only one copy of this edition exists.

Sheet music for the song "Our Way Across the Mountain," composed by Henry Russell and respectfully dedicated to Mordecai Manuel Noah. Published by Parker & Ditson, 135 Washington St., Boston, in 1838. Features lyrics by Charles Mackay. Sold by Peters & Webster, Louisville.

Sheet music for the "Prince Imperial Quadrille," composed by L. Louis and dedicated to Solomon Cohen. Published circa 1840 in Savannah, Georgia. This is considered the earliest known example of Southern published music dedicated to a Jewish person.

Sheet music for the ballad "The Jewish Maiden," composed for the piano forte by Friedrich Wilhelm Kucken and published by G. P. Reed & Co. in Boston, Massachusetts in 1851.

Sheet music for the ballad "The Jewish Maiden," composed by Friedrich Wilhelm Kücken and published by G. P. Reed & Co. in Boston, Massachusetts in 1851.

This trade card advertises S. Aronson, a clothier located at 12 West Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a prominent image of a stag's head. The stag's head is depicted in a large, decorative style, and its antlers are prominently displayed. The background is a solid color, creating a simple yet elegant look. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Edward Kakas & Sons, furriers located at 162 Tremont Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features an illustration of a fox and a squirrel. The card has a red border. [Edward Kakas emigrated from Hungry, where the family name was Kokesch (a Jewish-Hungarian name). He learned the fur trade in Hungry from his father].

This trade card advertises Henry S. Spier, a clothing merchant located at 51 & 53 North Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The card is printed in black and white, and it features a simple design. The front of the card includes the business name and address, as well as a decorative border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., a retailer of dress goods, cloaks, and furs, located at 9 Winter Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a large illustration of a circular fan. It is likely that the fan is being used to show off a collection of fabrics, suggesting the types of dress goods sold by the company. The card has a red border with black trim. The back of the card is blank. This card is a duplicate, meaning that there is at least one other identical card in the collection.

This trade card advertises Simeon Levy, a dealer in imported and domestic kid gloves. The front of the card, with red text on a white background, states that the office is located at 19 Summer Street in Boston. The back of the card is blank. The card has a red border.

This trade card advertises Gustav Rice, a wholesaler and retailer of imported and domestic cigars. Rice's business was located at 61 Devonshire Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The card is printed on a white cardstock with black ink. It features an ornate border at the top and bottom. The text is centered. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the services of Miss Auguste W. Eichler, a ladies' hairdresser in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features the text "MISS AUGSTE W. EICHLER FROM BOSTON..LADIES HAIR DRESSER..ORDERS; TAKEN FOR HAIR WORK." Handwritten on the front of the card is the name "ABRAHAM; BLOCH." The back of the card also contains handwritten text, which appears to be an order for various sizes of hair collars. The card's design is simple and utilitarian, focusing on clearly conveying the business's name and services. The back of the card is not blank; it contains handwritten notes.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., a dress accessories retailer located at 9 Winter Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a circular fan. The back of the card is blank. The card is a duplicate.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., a dress goods store located at 9 Winter Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The card features an image of a rectangular fan, a common accessory during the 19th century. The description of the business is printed on the front of the card. The back is blank.

This trade card advertises J. E. Wasserboehr & Son, a tobacco and cigar dealer located at 149 Court Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card is primarily text-based, clearly displaying the business name and address. The back of the card is blank. While the image does not directly depict the goods sold, the subject matter strongly suggests a business in the tobacco industry given its presence in the metadata.

This trade card advertises Raphael Brothers, a Boston business dealing in hats, caps, gloves, horse blankets, and buffalo robes. The text on the front of the card clearly states the business name and merchandise offered, along with their address: No. 32 Faneuil Hall Square. The card's design is simple and straightforward, focusing on conveying essential information. The back of the card is blank. There is a second image in this record, which displays a very similar card. It is likely a variant of this card. The additional details are not available.

This trade card advertises N. Samuel & B. Jacobson, tobacco dealers located at 10 Post Office Square in Boston. The front of the card features a lithograph of a storefront, which appears to be the business's location. The front of the card is mostly text, with a small, rectangular window that opens onto a smaller black and white illustration of a man smoking a pipe. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Clifford & Co., a poultry dealer located at 205 Commercial Street, Boston. The front of the card features a large, colorful lithograph of a chicken. Text on the card states that farmers should bring their chickens to the company for various Jewish holidays and lists the dates of these holidays. The back of the card is blank. The first card in this record has text written in an ornate script, while the second card, which is a duplicate, has more block lettering. Both cards are in English.

This trade card advertises Levin Bros., jobbers in dry and fancy goods, located at 11 & 12 Washington Street North, Boston. The front of the card features the business name and address in elegant typography. The design is simple and clean, typical of trade cards from the late 19th century. The back of the card has the name David Halpert written on it. The image is primarily text-based, lacking illustrations. The back of the card is not blank; it contains handwritten annotation.

This trade card advertises Louis Jacobs & Son, manufacturers of cloth hats and caps. The front of the card features the business's name prominently displayed: "LOUIS JACOBS & SONS, MANUFACTURERS OF CLOTH HATS & CAPS." Below the name, the address is clearly printed: 105 1/2 Summer Street. The design is simple and straightforward, focusing on conveying the company's name and what they produce. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Seskin & Jacobson, makers of hats and caps. The front of the card features a simple line drawing of a hat. Below the illustration, the text reads, "Seskin & Jacobson," "Hats & Caps Made to Order," and the business address, "97 Salem Street." The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Friedlander & Co., importers and manufacturers of cloaks, suits, and mantles. The front of the card showcases an elaborate, colorful graphic featuring stylized, Art Nouveau-inspired illustrations of women in various elegant garments. The illustrations are arranged around a central text panel that prominently displays the business name and slogan. The back of the card contains a lithograph image of a factory. It lists the business addresses in Boston and New York City as well as factory locations in Berlin, Germany, and Paris, France.

This trade card advertises Isaac Fenno & Co., clothiers with locations in Boston and Chicago. The front of the card (image 1) is primarily visual, likely showcasing samples of fabrics or clothing styles, although the specific details are unclear due to image resolution. The image is primarily in shades of brown and possibly other muted colors commonly found in 19th-century prints. The back of the card (image 2) contains a handwritten note indicating locations in Menomonic, Wisconsin; 58 & 60 Lake Street, Chicago; and 66 Franklin Street, Boston. This suggests the card circulated beyond its intended advertising purpose and into personal correspondence. The back of the card also includes addresses.

This trade card advertises Prince Albert Cigarettes, sold by N. Samuel. The front of the card features a cartoon-style illustration of a clown holding a fan. The clown is dressed in a colorful costume and has a red nose. The card also includes the address, 10 Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts and 119 Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois. The back of the card provides additional advertisement details.

This trade card advertises N.A. Moses & Co., a fancy dry goods store located at 43 Tremont Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The card features an image of a woman dressed in a fashionable, long-sleeved gown with a high-necked collar and long gloves, her hair styled elaborately. She holds a bouquet of lily-of-the-valley blossoms. Behind her is a beautiful garden scene with colorful flowers. The card has a decorative green border and a banner at the bottom with the store's name. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the Fashionable Hair Emporium, owned by M.M. Cohen & Co., located at 28 Winter Street in Boston. The card features a simple design with the business name printed at the top. Below the business name, the text 'Wholesale Manufacturers of Human Hair Goods' appears. The card's background is light with dark letters. The back of the card is blank.

This double-sided trade card advertises M. Rosenfeld's cheese factory in Boston, Massachusetts. One side features a color illustration of a cheese factory, while the other side shows a football player and a woman in color. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Arenovsky's, a clothing store located in Boston, Massachusetts. The card features a colorful bust of a woman, likely depicting a fashionable customer or a model wearing a garment available at the store. The text on the card highlights the store's 'Fall Opening' at the Boston branch. The address, Bridge Street, Westport, is also included. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the Home Furniture and Carpet Company located at 263 Washington Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card showcases a charming illustration of a thatched-roof cottage, evoking a sense of homey comfort and suggesting the style of furniture sold by the company. The image is likely intended to convey a feeling of coziness and quality associated with domestic life. Below the image, the text clearly displays the business name and street address. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card, shaped like a high-button shoe, advertises N. A. Moses & Co., purveyors of fine boots and shoes. The front of the card features a detailed illustration of a high-button shoe, which also serves as the card's unique shape. The text on the card reads, "FINE BOOTS AND SHOES AT RETAIL AND TO MEASURE...43 TREMONT STREET." The design is clean and elegant, likely reflecting the style of the late 19th century. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Shuman & Co., a clothing retailer located at 440 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card depicts a scene of a moonlit regatta taking place off Long Island Light in Boston Harbor. The back of the card features an advertisement for a boys' sailor suit priced at $2.00. [A. Shuman & Co. was a prominent clothing manufacturer and retailer in 19th-century Boston.]

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., purveyors of dress goods, located at 9 Winter Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a comical illustration of a man in Arabian attire. The style of the drawing is consistent with popular imagery of the late 19th century. The image is likely intended to be humorous but also employs stereotypical representations that reflect the racist attitudes of that era. The back of the card contains an advertisement; however, the details of the advertisement are not legible in the provided image. The back of the card is not blank.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., a dealer in hats, caps, and furs located at 9 Winter Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card depicts a comical man smoking a cigar at the seashore. He is wearing a straw hat, holding an umbrella, and appears to be enjoying the sun. The back of the card features advertising copy.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., a hat-making business located at 9 Winter Street, Boston. The front of the card features an illustration of men working on hats, suggesting a hat factory or workshop. The back of the card includes an advertisement.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., importers and jobbers of notions, located at 9 Winter Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a comical illustration of a sailor being startled by a tiger. The sailor is standing on a deck and holding a rope. The tiger is jumping from the side of a boat and is about to grab the sailor. The background includes a ship and the sea. The back of the card contains additional information about the business.

This trade card, shaped like a high-button shoe, advertises N. A. Moses & Co., purveyors of fine boots and shoes. The front of the card depicts a stylized high-button shoe. The text on the shoe-shaped card reads, "FINE BOOTS AND SHOES AT RETAIL AND TO MEASURE," along with the address: 412 WASHINGTON ST. The back of the card is blank. The design suggests a late 19th-century aesthetic.

This trade card advertises the Boston Clothing Co., owned by H. Feibelman, located at 40 State Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a humorous illustration of two Black men, one using an early telephone. One figure is seated on a chair, talking on the phone. The other figure is standing next to the seated figure. The illustration is caricatured and appears to be intended to be humorous, however the illustration uses racial stereotypes and is considered offensive. The back of the card is blank.

Trade card advertising McVicker's Theatre in Boston, Massachusetts. The card features an image of a child in bed and text mentioning the German-American dialect actor Max Fehrmann's performance in the play "Uncle Isaac." Circa 1885.

This trade card advertises A. Shuman & Co., clothiers located at 440 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a dapper young boy wearing a suit and stylish shoes. He is carrying a cane and appears to be walking down a street. The colors on the card are muted, giving the card a classic and sophisticated feel. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card, advertising A. Shuman & Co.'s mail-order department, features two well-dressed gentlemen on the front, standing in front of a building. The men appear to be models displaying the latest spring fashions of 1889, suggesting that this card dates to around that year despite the printed date of 1899. The illustration is likely intended to convey a sense of sophistication and style. Behind the gentlemen is a large building, perhaps the store itself, adding architectural context to the image. The text on the front of the card reads "WASHINGTON AND SUMMER STREETS ...SHUMAN CORNER." The back of the card prominently displays "MAIL ORDER DEPARTMENT." The back features additional details related to the mail-order services offered.

This trade card advertises Edward Kakas, a furrier located at 404 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a fox and a squirrel. The text on the card indicates that it was printed by Prang. [Edward Kakas emigrated from Hungary, where the family name was Kokesch. He learned the fur trade in Hungary from his father.]

This trade card, likely from the 1880s, advertises N. A. Moses & Co., a clothing retailer located at 43 Tremont Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a stylized image of a young woman in a dress, potentially a design from their collection, and a Swiss flag. The image, likely meant to convey quality and European style, is highlighted by a pair of black shoes at the bottom of the card. It's possible the back of the card features a more detailed description of their merchandise, but the image provided shows only the front. The back of the card appears to be blank.

This is a trade card advertising N. A. Moses & Co., a clothier at 43 Tremont Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The card features a woman in a colorful, period-style dress holding a beer on a plate, the Austrian flag in the background. The card is visually designed to be eye-catching with black lettering. The front of the card is illustrated, while the back is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Shuman & Co., a clothing store located at 440 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a night scene of a sea view. A family consisting of a couple and two children are positioned in a circle. The back of the card provides rules for measurement for garments.

This trade card advertises N. A. Moses & Co., boot and shoe merchants in Boston. The card is shaped like a boot, colored in pale orange, with depictions of boots, shoes, and laces. The back is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Shuman & Co., a clothing retailer located at Washington Corner Summer Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a stylized illustration of a building with two cautionary flags. The flags are red with a white circle and appear to be weather flags. The back of the card contains an advertisement for the store's offerings of gentlemen's and boys' clothing.

This trade card for A. Shuman & Co. features a musk ox on the front, with two boys, very well-dressed in a similar fashion, at the top of the card. One boy is facing front, and the other is facing back. The back of the card is blank. A. Shuman & Co. was located at 449 Washington Street, corner of Summer, in Boston, Massachusetts.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., a business located at 9 Winter Street in Boston. The front of the card features a humorous scene of a man wearing a hat standing on a beach with a lady with a headband. The image is reminiscent of a caricature or an illustration from a comic strip. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., a business located at 9 Winter Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The card features a comical illustration of a man and a woman at the beach. The man is holding a hat and appears to be waving, while the woman has a puffy hat. The front of the card has a border in a floral motif. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises N. A. Moses & Co., makers and retailers of boots and shoes. The front of the card features text advertising the business. The text states that they make and sell shoes and boots at 43 Tremont Street and that they make shoes "to measure." The back of the card is blank.

This record contains two trade cards for Wm. Filene's clothing stores. The first card (Image URL: https://iiif-images.library.upenn.edu/iiif/2/418cc2f1-c989-4736-a069-c6b1ea422a74%2Faccess/full/!600,600/0/default.jpg) shows an ape holding an advertising sign, with a goat looking on against a gold background. The text on the sign is unclear, but it likely advertised men's suits and cloaks, based on the text printed below the illustration. The second card (Image URL: https://iiif-images.library.upenn.edu/iiif/2/451ec790-6065-4cf9-985b-e1c321261810%2Faccess/full/!600,600/0/default.jpg) features the addresses 18 Market St., Lynn and 10 Winter St., Boston. The backs of both cards are blank. The imagery suggests a whimsical or humorous approach to advertising men's clothing.

This trade card advertises A. Shuman & Co., a boys' retail department located at 440 Washington Street, corner of Summer Street, in Boston. The card features a brightly colored pheasant with a long tail. The back of the card includes more information about the business.

This trade card advertises S. Arenovsky, a clothing store located in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a charming illustration of a young girl wearing a stocking cap with a sprig of flowers in front of her. The back of the card includes a full advertisement.

This trade card advertises Arenovsky's, a clothing store located on Bridge Street in Westbrook, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a young woman surrounded by a delicate arrangement of flowers. She is dressed in a light-colored dress and wears a long, dark scarf around her neck. The back of the card includes the business name and an advertisement for the store. This trade card is one of two cards in the file. The second card in the file is a similar design but with a different illustration. The second card features a woman with darker hair, wearing a darker dress with a floral print.

This trade card advertises L. I. Levy, a retailer of Mme. Demorest's goods. The front of the card features a delicate illustration of roses on a branch. The business address is prominently displayed as "721 & 732 Washington St., three doors down from Eliot St." The back of the card is a full advertisement for Mme. Demorest's products. The card appears to be a national Demorest card, suggesting a broader distribution network associated with Mme. Demorest's brand.

This trade card advertises L. I. Levy, a hair goods retailer located at 721-732 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a hummingbird perched on a branch, showcasing the company's focus on beauty and elegance. The back of the card, which is not visible in the image, features a full advertisement for L. I. Levy. The card also indicates that it is a 'National Demorest Card'.

This trade card advertises L. I. Levy, a retailer of fancy goods, gloves, corsets, and hair accessories, located at 721 & 723 Washington Streets, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a portrait of a young woman. She is posed in a seated position with her hand resting on a table. The image is in a blue-sepia color scheme. The back of the card has a full advertisement for the business.

This is one of two trade cards advertising N.A. Moses & Co., a clothing importer and wholesaler located in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a Dutch girl on skates. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Shuman & Co., a clothing store located at 440 Washington Street, Boston. The front of the card features an illustration of a ship inside a green and sepia horseshoe. A painting appears below the horseshoe. The back of the card contains a full advertisement.

This trade card advertises N. A. Moses & Co., an importer and wholesale dealer located at 43 Tremont Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The card's front features an illustration of a young child, possibly a baby, wearing Chinese clothing and playing with toy trucks. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Shuman & Co., clothiers, located at the corner of Washington and Summer Streets in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features two gentlemen on a shore, showcasing a selection of spring wardrobe items. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business, including mail order options.

This trade card advertises Maurice J. Levy, a jeweler located at 17 Avon Street, Boston. The card features a whimsical illustration of a cherub in a muff and bonnet, running in the nude. The illustration occupies the entire front of the card. The back of the card is blank. [ Maurice J. Levy was a jeweler in Boston. He was one of many Jewish merchants who operated businesses in the city in the 19th Century.]

This trade card advertises the jewelry business of Maurice J. Levy, located at 17 Avon Street in Boston. The front of the card features an illustration of a cherub wearing a wreath of flowers and holding an umbrella. The cherub is carefully stepping in boots. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., a millinery business located at 9 Winter Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a stylized Art Deco butterfly design. This is the first of four cards, although the contents of the remaining cards are not specified. [No additional biographical information for S. Cohen & Co. or S. Cohen is available at this time.]

This trade card is one of four advertising S. Cohen & Co., a dress goods and millinery retailer located at 9 Winter Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features an Art Deco style owl with a stylized body and wing feathers. The card has a decorative border. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., a retailer of dress trimmings and buttons located at 9 Winter Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card depicts a stylized vase, a common motif in decorative arts. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises Geo. H. Samuel, a furniture and carpet company located at 263 Washington Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features an illustration of a thatched-roof cottage, a charming motif that alludes to the warmth and comfort of home furnishings. The back of the card is not visible in this image but is presumed to include further details about the business.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., located at 9 Winter Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a Norwegian 5 Krona note, possibly highlighting the type of currency accepted. The back of the card likely includes additional information about the company, which specializes in dress accessories.

This trade card advertises the mail order department of A. Shuman & Co., a clothing retailer located at the corner of Washington and Summer Streets in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card depicts a boy bundled in a fur-trimmed coat, standing in a snowstorm, as an advertisement for the company's “Latest Fashions for Fall and Winter 1889-90.” The text at the bottom of the card reads: “The Wealthiest Clothing Mfg. & Retailer in 19th Century Boston.” The back of the card provides a diagram for self-measurement of a gentleman’s coat for mail order purposes.

This trade card advertises J. Rothschild, a millinery shop located at 32 Temple Place, Boston, Massachusetts. The card features an unusual illustration of the interior of a millinery shop. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., located at 9 Winter Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card depicts four elaborately dressed individuals in a Victorian style. The text on the front of the card reads 'LATEST NOVELTIES DAILY ARRIVING'. The back of the card is a full advertisement for the business, with details about the products they offer, including dress goods, notions, and fancy goods.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., a clothing merchant located at 9 Winter Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card depicts two children seated on a bed, holding a book. The back of the card features a full advertisement for the business. The trade card includes a black and white illustration of a man's hat with the inscription 'S. Cohen & Co. Boston.'

This trade card advertises A. Shuman & Co., a clothing manufacturer and retailer located at 440 Washington Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card depicts a mother and two children standing on a beach by the ocean. The scene includes a seashell, a rope, and a bucket. Text at the top of the card indicates that the store sells patented suits. [A. Shuman & Co. was considered the wealthiest clothing manufacturer and retailer in 19th century Boston.] The back of the card features an illustration of General Gates on the steps of the Province House.

Trade card advertising A. Shuman & Co., clothiers, located at 440 Washington Street, corner of Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The card is one of a set of five, each depicting a man in a different suit. This particular card shows a man in a "Prince Albert" dress frock suit. The text describes the company as the "wealthiest clothing mfg. & retailer in 19th century Boston." Circa 1885.

Trade card advertising A. Shuman & Co., clothing manufacturers and retailers, located at 440 Washington Street, corner of Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts. Circa 1885. The card features an illustration of a man in a "Rugby" sack suit. The text describes the company as the "wealthiest clothing mfg. & retailer in 19th century Boston." This is one of a set of five cards, each depicting a man in a different suit.

Trade card advertising A. Shuman & Co., clothiers, located at 440 Washington Street, corner of Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The card is one of a set of five, each depicting a man in a different suit. This particular card shows a man in a brown double-breasted "Cheshire" suit. The card describes A. Shuman & Co. as the "wealthiest clothing mfg. & retailer in 19th century Boston." Circa 1885.

Trade card advertising A. Shuman & Co., clothiers, located at 440 Washington Street, corner of Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts. Circa 1885. The card depicts a man in a "Rugby" sack suit. This is one of a set of five cards, each showing a man in a different suit.

This trade card advertisement for Joseph Cohen features a charming illustration on the front of a child holding a broom, framed by gold trim. The main text prominently advertises "Little Gold Dust Havana Filled 5 Cent Cigar" and includes the address: 246 Hanover Street. The back of the card, also with gold trim, shows a bird illustration and a folded calendar at the center. The color scheme appears to be predominantly sepia tones with gold accents.

This trade card advertises A. Shuman & Co., a clothing store located at the corner of Washington and Summer Streets in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features an illustration of four well-dressed boys. Each is wearing a different style of clothing, showcasing the variety of boys' clothing available at A. Shuman & Co.. The back of the card features a full advertisement for the store's mail order department, indicating that the business offered goods to customers across a wider geographic area. The date, 1899, appears at the top of the card.

This trade card advertises the mail order department of A. Shuman & Co. located at Washington and Summer Streets in Boston. The front features a decorative illustration of women in spring clothing. They are posed behind a border of floral patterns and are dressed in grey and sepia colors. The back of the card provides details about the mail order department.

Trade card advertising A. Shuman & Co.'s mail order department. Depicts two gentlemen in a park showcasing spring wardrobe. The card includes a full advertisement, including mail order information. Published in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1899.

This trade card advertises F. Abraham, a tobacconist located at 25 Court Street, Boston, Massachusetts. [Adelaide Neilson, an English stage actress, appears on the card in a theatrical pose, with a shawl around her shoulders and an outstretched hand. ] The card is printed in black and white with a dark border and a white rectangle in the center. It contains white text on a black background. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises the tobacco dealer F. Abraham, located at 25 Court Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a picture of actress Christine Nilsson. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises A. Shuman & Co., a clothier located at 440 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card depicts an illustration of a man wearing a suit. The card has a red border with a decorative design. The back of the card provides instructions for self-measuring for clothes.

This trade card advertises F. Abraham's, a tobacco dealer located at 25 Court Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a humorous illustration of a man, dressed in rags, perched atop a lamppost. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card, issued by L. I. Levy and advertising Brainerd & Armstrong Co., features a charming illustration of a bird in a nest on the front. The address, 721 & 723 Washington Street, Boston, is clearly printed on the card. The back of the card is fully utilized as an advertisement for L.I. Levy’s hair goods.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., located at 9 Winter Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features an illustration of children playing a game of “ships captain.” One child, dressed in a red shirt and a captain’s hat, is standing on a small, blue boat with a single white sail. Another child, in a blue and white sailor’s suit, is sitting on the bow of a larger boat with a red sail. There are two other children playing on the shore. The scene is filled with vibrant colors. The back of the card is blank.

Sheet music for "Ricordati (Nocturne)" by Louis Moreau Gottschalk, published in 1857 by Oliver Ditson & Co. in Boston, Massachusetts, and Otto Sutro in Baltimore. The piece is number 2 in the collection *Rayons et Ombres, Ballads pour Piano*. Copyright 1857 by William Hall & Son, 543 Broadway. Gottschalk, born in New Orleans, was exposed to French and African-tinged Caribbean folk music, influencing his Creole-inspired compositions. He gained fame in Europe for his virtuosic playing before being hailed as an American celebrity. He considered New Orleans his home but never permanently settled in the USA.

Issue of the New-England Palladium newspaper published in Boston, Massachusetts on January 25, 1803. This issue contains news from the Chief Rabbi of Amsterdam and discusses excommunication for eating wild fowl and women not shaving their heads.

Newspaper clipping from the Boston Recorder, published in Boston, Massachusetts on September 30, 1825. The clipping contains an uncomplimentary report on the laying of the cornerstone for the City of Ararat, fifteen days after the ceremony.

Sheet music composed by Henry Russell and Charles Mackay, respectfully dedicated to Mordecai Manuel Noah of New York. Published by Parker & Ditson, 135 Washington St., Boston, in 1838. The sheet music includes a light embossed stamp on the front cover indicating it was sold by Peters & Webster in Louisville.

This pamphlet provides a report of the trial of Samuel Tully and John Dalton, who were indicted for piracy on January 21, 1812, in Boston, Massachusetts. The second edition, published by Uriah P. Levy, details the charges against Tully and Dalton, including the theft of the schooner *George Washington*, owned by Levy, and the murder of George Cummings. The trial's account includes Tully's sentencing to death by hanging and Dalton's eleventh-hour reprieve. The text is taken directly from the trial minutes.

Newspaper editorial from the *Massachusetts Spy*, published in Boston, Massachusetts on February 16, 1820. The editorial, reprinted from the *Connecticut Mirror*, discusses the rationale behind Jewish settlement in the United States, supporting Mordecai Manuel Noah's plan in Buffalo. It argues for the freedoms afforded to Jews in the U.S. and suggests conversion as a result of this newfound liberty.

Playbill for a performance at the Boston Museum theater on January 16, 1865. The playbill features the name of Julius Eichberg as Music Director four times, highlighting his contributions to the evening's entertainment, including original compositions. The playbill lists various events of the evening and features bold, multi-style typeface. Published in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Newspaper clipping from the *Christian Register*, published in Boston, Massachusetts on June 10, 1837. The clipping features a transcription of an article from a London magazine (January 1831) discussing the Jewish origins of the popular children's rhyme, "The House That Jack Built."

Issue of the Massachusetts Centinel newspaper published in Boston, Massachusetts on November 10, 1787. This issue contains news of a break-in at a Jewish Synagogue in Charleston on September 17, 1787, and a discussion of the newly proposed Federal Constitution, including its provision for religious freedom.

Trade card advertising A. Shuman & Co.'s Boys' Retail Department, located at 400 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The card depicts a boy in a sailor suit labeled "HAMMERSMITH." Circa 1885.

Shipping record from S. I. Isaacs & Soho Copper Co. documenting the shipment of finished copper to William Crane in Boston, Massachusetts on October 20, 1826. The record indicates a shipment from New York, New York. The Soho Copper Refinery was founded by Hendricks & Isaacs (brothers-in-law) in Soho, New Jersey.

A shipping record from James Shears & Sons documenting the shipment of finished copper from London, England to Boston, Massachusetts on June 18, 1829, for the account of Harmond Hendricks. The record details the port of entry and indicates the involvement of Hendricks & Isaacs (Harmon Hendricks' brother-in-law) in the Soho Copper Refinery in Soho, New Jersey.

Newspaper clipping from the October 1, 1833, edition of the *Daily Evening Transcript* reporting on a duel between J. Hemphill, editor of the *Sumter Gazette*, and Capt. M. M. Levy of Camden, South Carolina. The article includes a letter from C. Levy expressing satisfaction with the resolution of the duel. Published in Boston, Massachusetts.

Complete original issue of the Boston Recorder newspaper, published in Boston, Massachusetts on July 15, 1817. The front page features a lengthy news report titled "Jews In Russia," a reprint from the November 10, 1816, issue of The Jewish Expositor and friend of Israel, published by the London Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews. The article details the poor conditions of Jews in Russia and a minister's plan to convert them.

Broadside advertising a performance of Verdi's Ernani by the Maretzek Italian Opera Company at the Boston Theatre in Boston, Massachusetts on November 17, 1866. The broadside details the performers and the date of the performance.

This newspaper clipping from the February 4, 1825, issue of the New-England Galaxy features a lengthy article (approximately 27 inches) detailing a legal dispute involving Mordecai Manuel Noah, his newspaper the National Advocate, and accusations of insolvency. The article also includes profiles of the three 1824 presidential candidates: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William H. Crawford; a letter from Junius Brutus Booth; and additional Judaica-related content.

This pamphlet contains the text of a sermon delivered by Thomas Snell, pastor of the church in North Brookfield, before the General Association of Massachusetts Proper at their annual meeting in Dorchester on June 1, 1814. Published by Samuel T. Armstrong in Boston, the sermon reflects Puritan theological views and includes criticism of Jewish religious beliefs.

Complete original issue of the Boston Recorder newspaper, published in Boston, Massachusetts on June 10, 1817. This issue contains two significant news reports related to the Jewish community: a lengthy report on the "Boston Jews' Society" and a shorter report titled "Another Converted Jew."

A half-sheet letter from I. (Isaac) Lewis, a wholesale and retail dealer in dry goods, boots, shoes, hats, and clothing in Jefferson, Texas, to E. C. Bailey in Boston, Massachusetts, dated April 2, 1877. The letter concerns a money draft payment. The letter shows old folds and a 1.5-inch cut in the top left corner, but the content is intact.

A business letter written by Moses Michael Hays of Boston, Massachusetts to John Watson in Salem, Massachusetts on April 25, 1799. The letter's content is related to business matters.

Trade card for A. Shuman & Co., located at 440 Washington Street, corner of Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The card depicts a boy in an overcoat. The back of the card is blank. The card is dated circa 1885 based on stylistic analysis. The card is part of the collection Arc.MS.56, Volume 14, Page 22.

A one-page letter written by Jonas Phillips in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 24, 1782, to William Vernon in Boston, Massachusetts. The letter concerns a dispute over payment for silk, with accusations of non-payment and damaged reputation exchanged between the parties.

Invoice from Seeligmann & Macy, & Butler, jobbers of fancy, white, and linen goods, embroideries, gloves, ribbons, and other items. The bill is dated January 25, 1867. An item for “Gents’ Hosiery” for 12.00 dollars is listed, but is not completed. It is likely a bill from the Boston branch of Seeligmann & Macy, & Butler, as New York is crossed out and replaced with Boston on the billhead. “Butler” is written in pen on the billhead. The billhead includes ornate Victorian-style lettering.

Letter from Bloch Brothers in Clarksville, Tennessee, to Ebenezer C. Bailey in Boston, Massachusetts, dated April 6, 1874. The letter is written on Bloch Brothers' letterhead.

Four-page printed program for a Mendelssohn concert held at Temple Ohabei Shalom in Boston, Massachusetts, on Sunday afternoon, April 7, 1888. The concert benefited the South End Industrial School. The program includes details of the musical selections and performers.

Invoice from Hyneman Bros., importers of Havana cigars, located at 18 and 20 P.O. Square and 94 Milk Street, Boston. Dated August 10, 1881. The bill lists four types of cigars purchased: “Little Dot”, “After Lunch Concha”, “Virginia Londres”, and “Primo Coquettes” by George Blanchard & Bro of Portland, Oregon. The billhead features an ornate monogram of ‘3 Xs’ with a decorative banner around it, ornate lettering, and a printed header section.

Four-page manuscript ledger sheet detailing Accounts Current from September 26 to October 18, 1788, between Moses Michael Hays and John Coffin Jones. The document, signed "MMH" by Hays, includes details of trade with Amsterdam involving goods such as candles, fish, and whale oil. Mentions David S. Greenough. Created in Boston, Massachusetts.

This trade card advertises Rosenkranz Bros., a men's clothing and goods store located in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features an illustration of a winged pixie or sprite. The back of the card provides more detailed information about the business. The store is listed as being located at 21 Kneeland Street and 272 Broadway in South Boston. The card has a red border and has the name 'Rosenkranz Bros.' at the top, printed in bold.

A commercial letter from M. Heyman & Bro., wholesale dealers in boots and shoes located at Decatur Street, Kimball House, Store 16, Atlanta, Georgia, to E. C. Bailey in Boston, Massachusetts. Dated December 17, 1872, the letter explains the inability to make a payment and promises further details.

A one-page letter written by Simon Greenleaf to Aaron Lopez in Boston, Massachusetts on September 7, 1772. Greenleaf discusses goods left with Lopez by Captain Richard Bartlett to be sold on his account and inquires about their status. He also offers his services for any business negotiations in Newburyport.

This trade card features a floral design and wishes the recipient a prosperous 1884. The card was issued by Levy, Heineman & Co., located at 71 Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The back of the card is blank.

Billhead from Louis Leviseur, located at 107 Pearl Street, cor. High, Boston, Massachusetts. Dated July 16, 1878. The bill lists a purchase of 10 dozen “kid leather” for Mr. F. Harding, with a price of $1.55 per dozen, for a total of $15.50. The billhead features standard printed text in a simple style. The billhead lists payment terms as “one” for an unspecified period.

A commercial letter dated November 15, 1872, from B. Oppenheimer & Co. in San Antonio, Texas, to E. C. Bailey. The letterhead indicates that B. Oppenheimer & Co. deals in dry goods, clothing, boots, and shoes, and mentions an office at 184 Church Street in New York City. The letter's content is commercial in nature.

Billhead from Gross & Strauss, importers and retailers of laces, lace goods, embroideries, hosiery, kid gloves, dress trimmings, corsets, and thread store goods, located at No. 46 Winter Street, Boston, Massachusetts. Dated January 1, 1883. The bill indicates a purchase of gloves by Mrs. Crippen. The billhead displays ornate Victorian-style lettering and an illustration of the storefront building.

Billhead from Israel M. Rice, importer of gentlemen's French boots and shoes, located at No. 10 School Street, Boston, Massachusetts. Dated April 1, 1860. The bill lists an item purchased, likely a pair of boots, by J. H. Wales. The bill shows a price and includes the handwritten signature of Israel M. Rice. The billhead is printed and features a simple design.

Printed invitation to the Bar Mitzvah of Simeon Marcus at Congregation Shaaray Tefila in Boston, Massachusetts. The invitation, dated by the Hebrew year 5637 (1876-1877 CE), is addressed to an unknown recipient. The invitation's text suggests a connection between the Marcus family and South Africa. The invitation was found among the papers of Washington Parker Gregg (1803-1892), a wealthy Bostonian.

A one-page commercial letter written on a printed broadside of the *Savannah Republican Price Current*, issued by Cohen & Fosdick in Savannah, Georgia. The letter, dated November 27, 1852, was sent to I. G. Weld in Boston, Massachusetts. The letter is stampless.

Two-page letter written by Judah Hays to Charles Simms in Boston, Massachusetts, on September 4, 1805. The letter includes a copy of a previous letter sent on July 4, 1805, and inquires about the lack of response. The letter mentions dealings with General Thomson Mason of Alexandria, Virginia. Hays' letter is signed twice.

This is a miniature Victorian-era trade card for A. L. Frankenthal, a dealer in pocket books and leather articles located at 3 Temple Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features an ornate design, and a dark and decorative background. The card is small, measuring 1 3/4 inches by 1 1/8 inches. The back of the card is blank.

This trade card advertises L. Danziger's Howard Clothing House, located at 25 Howard Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features an intricate floral design. The back of the card is a broadside to customers informing them that L. Danziger is still alive and also buying clothing. [There are no further details available about L. Danziger.]

Playbill broadside advertising a performance by the Ullman and Strakosch Opera Company at the Boston Academy of Music on January 15, 1860. The program includes Donizetti's opera, *The Martyrs*.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., a dry goods store located at 9 Winter Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features an illustration of several young girls dancing in a circle around the number 9, which is prominently displayed. The style of the illustration and the overall design of the card suggest it was created sometime in the late 19th century. The back of the card is fully printed with an advertisement. The back of this card contains a full advertisement; this advertisement is not transcribed here.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) portrait photograph of Raphael J. De Cordova, a lecturer and humorist. The photograph is undated, but is likely from the mid-to-late 19th century given the CDV format and De Cordova's biography. It was taken by Warren's Portraits in Boston, Massachusetts.

This is a 1776 catalog of Harvard College, listing students from 1642 to 1776. Published in Boston by John Fleet, the catalog includes a handwritten annotation next to the name of Judah Monis, identifying him as the Hebrew professor. This catalog is significant because of the annotation referencing Judah Monis, America's first teacher of Hebrew, and his role at Harvard.

A business letter from E. Ikelheimer & Co. in Selma, Alabama, to E. C. Bailey in Boston, Massachusetts, dated April 5, 1881. The letterhead displays the company's address as No. 8 Broad St., Selma, Alabama, and mentions the company's founding in 1844.

This trade card advertises Louis Lipman, a dealer in newspapers located at 4 Cambridge Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a sweet illustration of a young girl feeding birds, positioned near a basket of bread. The back of the card provides more details about the business.

Sheet music for the ballad "Rockaway, or Old Long Island's Sea-Girt Shore!" published in Boston, Massachusetts in 1840 by Geo. P. Reed. The sheet music measures 10 1/2 by 14 inches and features a front engraving. The lyrics are by Henry Russell.

Trade card advertising M. W. Carr & Co. as the sole manufacturers and selling agents for Bornstein's Improved Patent Pin Hooks. The card includes an actual pin hook. Circa 1885. Issued in Boston and New York, United States.

A letter from the firm Cohen & Fosdick in Savannah, Georgia, to I. G. Weld in Boston, Massachusetts, dated November 21, 1851. The letter discusses cotton prices and other matters related to the cotton trade.

Newspaper issue of the *Masonic Mirror and Mechanic's Intelligencer*, published in Boston, Massachusetts on October 1, 1825. This issue includes a news report on the revival of the Jewish government, the appointment of a Judge of Israel, and the foundation of a city of refuge. The report begins on column three and continues to the top of column four. An additional article, dated September 15, 1825, from the *Buffalo Patriot Extra*, is also featured.

Carte-de-visite (CDV) photograph of Daniel E. Bandmann, a Shakespearean actor who later became a rancher in Montana. The photograph, likely taken circa 1865, was produced by Case & Gretchell in Boston, Massachusetts. The reverse of the photograph may contain Bandmann's autograph.

Handwritten abstract of a portion of Abraham Touro's will, dated October 17, 1822, in Boston, Massachusetts. The abstract details bequests to the Newport, Rhode Island synagogue and for street renovations near the Jewish cemetery in Newport.

This trade card advertises Rosenkranz Bros., a retailer of men's clothing, trunks, hats, and umbrellas located at 21 Kneeland Street and 272 Broadway in Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features the business name and a border decorated with a floral pattern. The back of the card is blank.

A one-page commercial letter, dated October 15, 1830, from the firm Mordecai & Myers in Petersburg, Virginia, to Matthew Maury in Boston, Massachusetts. The letter discusses cotton shipments, market prices, and business arrangements. It was forwarded from New York City.

Broadside wanted poster issued by the Boston Police Department on September 20, 1883, for the forger C.F. Dewey, also known as O.R. Halpert. The poster includes a photograph of the suspect and describes him as appearing almost Chinese, despite being identified as "an Alsatian Jew." Halpert was wanted in Massachusetts and Indiana, and was subsequently arrested in San Francisco, California on October 11, 1883.

Broadside program for a performance of Max Maretzek's Grand Italian Opera at the Boston Theatre on Thursday, November 15, 1866. The program includes the opera *The Elixir of Love*. Printed by Innes & Niles in Boston.

A broadside advertising performances at the Boston Museum, likely dating from the 1860s. The broadside features the music of Julius Eichberg, and one of four such broadsides in the collection.

A broadside program advertising performances at the Boston Museum in Boston, Massachusetts on February 6, 1861. The program features the music of Julius Eichberg, a violinist, director of music, and composer.

A broadside program for a performance at the Boston Museum in Boston, Massachusetts on September 30, 1861. The program features performances by Julius Eichberg.

A broadside program for performances at the Boston Museum Theatre, advertising the works of Julius Eichberg. Published in Boston, Massachusetts, on November 21, 1861. The broadside includes biographical information about Eichberg, highlighting his musical career and compositions.

A one-quarter page commercial letter sent from Whitwell Bond & Co. in Boston, Massachusetts to T. I. Tobias & Co. in New York City on February 21, 1825. The letter forwards a remittance draft from David Judah & Co.

This collection comprises 24 miscellaneous letters from the Tobias family archive, spanning the years 1843-1865. The letters, written between various members of the Tobias family and their associates, discuss personal and business matters, including family health, shipping, money issues, and general news. Geographic locations mentioned include Liverpool, England; New York, New York; Charleston, South Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Paris, France; and Cheltenham, England. Addresses mentioned in the letters include Board Street, New York, NY; 29 Nassau Street, New York, NY; Bleecker Street, New York, NY; Broad Street, New York, NY; and 38 Harley Street, London, England. The collection provides insight into the lives and business dealings of a Jewish merchant family in the mid-19th century.

This trade card advertises the services of H. Askenasy, LL.D., a translator of commercial, legal, literary, and other documents. The front of the card lists Askenasy's two addresses: 50 Bromfield Street and 221 Washington Street, both in Boston, Massachusetts. The back of the card is blank.

Envelope addressed to an unknown recipient from I. H. Goldsmith, a cigar manufacturer located at 1130 Washington Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The envelope is dated April 23, 1881, and includes an advertisement for Goldsmith's business. Goldsmith was active in Jewish affairs.

This trade card advertises L. I. Levy, who offered gloves, hosiery, and corsets. The front of the card features the words 'National Stock Card' at the top. It features Demorest Reliable Patterns advertised for L. I. Levy. The address, 721 & 723 Washington St., Boston, is listed at the bottom of the card. The back of the card is filled with a full advertisement.

This trade card advertises S. Cohen & Co., clothiers located at 9 Winter Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The front of the card features a colorful depiction of a man in a suit and a woman in a dress. The man holds a long stemmed flower and has a playful expression. The woman holds a fan. The background includes a geometric design. The back of the card includes the business's advertisement.

This trade card advertises Leopold Morse & Co., a Boston-based retailer of boy's and children's clothing. The front of the card (Image URL: https://iiif-images.library.upenn.edu/iiif/2/7f787963-ef55-4bc1-9ff4-176360939e30%2Faccess/full/!600,600/0/default.jpg) depicts a boy and a girl, possibly siblings, with a purse, suggesting the clothing store caters to a younger clientele. The back of the card (Image URL: https://iiif-images.library.upenn.edu/iiif/2/fda4a71f-0c10-45c4-96db-50556f1e593d%2Faccess/full/!600,600/0/default.jpg) contains a full advertisement with further details about the store and its offerings. The address 131 to 137 Washington St., Boston, Massachusetts is clearly visible.

This trade card advertises Leopold Morse & Co., a Boston retailer of boys' and children's clothing. The front of the card depicts a young boy in a high hat and a girl. The business name, address (131-137 Washington St., Boston, MA), and a more extensive advertisement are featured on the back of the card. [Leopold Morse made a fortune in retail clothing and served as a United States Representative from Massachusetts (1877-1885 & 1887-1889), retiring both times. He was also elected president of the Post Publishing Co., publisher of *The Boston Post*, in 1884. While not a practicing Jew, he founded the Boston Home for Infirm Hebrews and Orphanage in Mattapan, the first Jewish institution of its kind in New England.]

Envelope addressed to Henry Tobias at 29 Nassau Street, New York, NY, from an unknown sender. The envelope is undated and originates from Boston, MA.